DOCSLIB.ORG

Norman-England-A3-Summary-Sheet

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

THE FEUDAL SYSTEM NORMAN GOVERNMENT William CENTRALISATION OF POWER Earls: Much less powerful than before. William made Social structure was similar to Anglo- William kept many elements of Anglo-Saxon earldoms smaller – did not want earls becoming too powerful Saxons’. Tenants- in-chief government (e.g. land measurements, Witan). His (like the Godwins did). Main difference was that William alone arons, main change was to centralise power on himself: Regents: William used regents to rule England while he was now owned all land; others were given Under- in Normandy, e.g. Archbishop Lanfranc. He would usually land in return for carrying out a duty to tenants Feudal system – all landholders depended on return if there was any trouble. someone else. William and swore loyalty (homage) Sheriffs: Role stayed similar to Anglo-Saxon times, but they Encouraged loyalty to William because Peasants Knight service – all troops were loyal to him now had more power: they kept a share of the taxes everyone depended on him for land – if Normanisation – Church was easier to control collected in their shire (very rich); they often took land from they upset him he would take it away. Tenants-in-chief: Held their land directly Royal demesne – kept land for his own Anglo-Saxons (land grabs). from the king; expected to help the king personal use and revenue Forest: Land reserved for William’s hunting. Had strict rules Relief: A payment that heirs had to make fight; looked after baronial courts; very Domesday Book – record of who held what to protect animals and plants, and harsh punishments for when they inherited land (like an important people e.g. bishops; divided their Taxes and reliefs – raised money and breaking them. Significant because it showed William’s inheritance tax). William could charge a land up among under-tenants. encouraged loyalty to William power and meant he directly controlled more land. small relief to people he liked or threaten Knights (under-tenants): Had to provide difficult people with a high relief. knight service (40 days); best soldiers in DOMESDAY BOOK Homage: An oath of loyalty to William, England; often based in castles; had taken by all landholders (“I become your weapons such as couched lances; looked Giant survey of Financial: Told William how much tax people were paying, after manorial (local) courts. England, written 1086. and whether he could charge them more. man”). NORMAN Forfeiture: Punishment if a landholder Peasants: Had to provide labour service to Recorded who owned Legal: Settled land disputes between Anglo-Saxons and didn’t carry out their duty; they were their under-tenant; this involved doing farm ENGLAND what and how much Normans, which boosted William’s image as a fair king. fined or had their land taken away. work or providing food they had grown. tax they could pay. Military: Showed how many soldiers each area could Significant in 3 ways provide, meaning William could be prepared for an attack. THE CHURCH WILLIAM & HIS FAMILY Church was very important: ARCHBISHOP LANFRANC’S REFORMS NORMAN ARISTOCRACY o Had lots of land Aristocracy = the upper class; rich, BISHOP ODO OF BAYEUX WILLIAM’S DEATH o Kept laws and documents Lanfranc replaced Stigand as important people. Norman o Bishops were well-educated Archbishop of Canterbury in 1070. William’s half-brother; Earl of Kent William died in 1087 after falling from aristocrats loved to show off wealth: and advised the king Lanfranc was in charge of the Church and co-regent in 1067. his horse several weeks earlier. o Archbishop Lanfranc was in the whole country, whereas Buildings: Built huge cathedrals, Odo was power-hungry and got His death was full of bad omens, e.g. William’s regent Stigand had just controlled his area. churches and castles – himself into trouble: he illegally took his fat corpse burst in the cathedral! o Church leaders owed knight He wanted Church members to lead a impressive and experimental. land; he looted Northumbria in 1079; William had stated that eldest son service more spiritual life. He was against Fashion: Men shaved the backs he tried to take some of William’s Robert would inherit Normandy, and pluracy and simony (Stigand had of their heads (luxury!). personal knights on a trip to Rome. favourite son William Rufus would NORMANISATION been guilt of both!). Names: Family names based on Put in prison by William in 1082 – inherit England… Lanfranc brought in reforms: where they lived. only released on William’s deathbed. William Normanised the Church: o WILLIAM II Created more monasteries Chivalry: Moral code about how o Churches and cathedrals o ROBERT CURTHOSE Priests were no longer allowed to they treated enemies. were rebuilt in Norman style marry/have sex William Rufus was crowned William II Beliefs: Strongly Christian, o Almost every Anglo-Saxon o Created special church courts Robert was William’s eldest son, but in September 1087. believed in penance. Destroyed bishop was replaced by a o Rural cathedrals were knocked the two did not get on. Robert Curthose felt hard done by; as Saxon church relics and tombs. Norman down and rebuilt in bigger towns They fell out in 1077, after Robert had eldest son, he thought he should have o Churches were made to o Brought in more archdeacons to LANGUAGE a fight with two of his brothers. Normandy and England. follow Norman procedures look after priests and courts Robert went to France and launched His uncle Odo agreed, and began a Most couldn’t speak English raids against William. rebellion against William II. Smaller (including William & Lanfranc!). William and Robert fought in 1079 – This strengthened William’s power because… rebellions broke out across the Legal/Church documents were William was knocked off his horse and country. Norman bishops/priests spread William’s messages and were less likely to rebel. written in Latin. humiliated! Crucially, majority of population did William could control communication between the Church and Pope. English became vernacular: spoken The two eventually made up in 1080 not support the rebellion, and it failed. William chose bishops and had a say in any important Church decisions. only by the common people. (reunion organised by Matilda). William II was popular afterwards. .
Recommended publications
  • Odo, Bishop of Bayeux and Earl of Kent

    Odo, Bishop of Bayeux and Earl of Kent

    ( 55 ) ODO, BISHOP OF BAYEUX AND EARL OF KENT. BY SER REGINALD TOWER, K.C.M.G., C.Y.O. IN the volumes of Archceologia Cantiana there occur numerous references to Bishop Odo, half-brother of William the Conqueror ; and his name finds frequent mention in Hasted's History of Kent, chiefly in connection with the lands he possessed. Further, throughout the records of the early Norman chroniclers, the Bishop of Bayeux is constantly cited among the outstanding figures in the reigns of William the Conqueror and of his successor William Rufus, as well as in the Duchy of Normandy. It seems therefore strange that there should be (as I am given to understand) no Life of the Bishop beyond the article in the Dictionary of National Biography. In the following notes I have attempted to collate available data from contemporary writers, aided by later historians of the period during, and subsequent to, the Norman Conquest. Odo of Bayeux was the son of Herluin of Conteville and Herleva (Arlette), daughter of Eulbert the tanner of Falaise. Herleva had .previously given birth to William the Conqueror by Duke Robert of Normandy. Odo's younger brother was Robert, Earl of Morton (Mortain). Odo was born about 1036, and brought up at the Court of Normandy. In early youth, about 1049, when he was attending the Council of Rheims, his half-brother, William, bestowed on him the Bishopric of Bayeux. He was present, in 1066, at the Conference summoned at Lillebonne, by Duke William after receipt of the news of Harold's succession to the throne of England.
  • Anselm of Canterbury

    Anselm of Canterbury

    Anselm of Canterbury From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For entities named after Saint Anselm, see Saint Anselm's. Anselm of Canterbury Archbishop of Canterbury Province Canterbury Diocese Diocese of Canterbury See Archbishop of Canterbury Appointed 1093 Reign ended 21 April 1109 Predecessor Lanfranc Successor Ralph d'Escures Other posts Abbot of Bec Orders Consecration 4 December 1093 Personal details Birth name Anselmo d'Aosta c. 1033 Born Aosta, Kingdom of Burgundy 21 April 1109 (aged 75) Died Canterbury, Kent, England Buried Canterbury Cathedral Denomination Roman Catholic Gundulf de Candia Parents Ermenberga of Geneva Sainthood Feast day 21 April Portrayed with a ship, representing Attributes the spiritual independence of the Church. Anselm of Canterbury (Aosta c. 1033 – Canterbury 21 April 1109), also called of Aosta for his birthplace, and of Bec for his home monastery, was a Benedictine monk, a philosopher, and a prelate of the Church who held the office of Archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109. Called the founder of scholasticism, he is famous as the originator of the ontological argument for the existence of God. Born into the House of Candia, he entered the Benedictine order at the Abbey of Bec at the age of 27, where he became abbot in 1079. He became Archbishop of Canterbury under William II of England, and was exiled from England from 1097 to 1100, and again from 1105 to 1107 under Henry I of England as a result of the investiture controversy, the most significant conflict between Church and state in Medieval Europe. Anselm was proclaimed a Doctor of the Church in 1720 by a Papal Bull of Pope Clement XI.
  • Worldwide Communion: Episcopal and Anglican Lesson # 23 of 27

    Worldwide Communion: Episcopal and Anglican Lesson # 23 of 27

    Worldwide Communion: Episcopal and Anglican Lesson # 23 of 27 Scripture/Memory Verse [Be] eager to maintain the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace: There is one body and one Spirit just as you were called to the one hope that belongs to your call; one Lord, one Faith, one baptism, one God and Father of us all. Ephesians 4: 3 – 6 Lesson Goals & Objectives Goal: The students will gain an understanding and appreciation for the fact that we belong to a church that is larger than our own parish: we are part of The Episcopal Church (in America) which is also part of the worldwide Anglican Communion. Objectives: The students will become familiar with the meanings of the terms, Episcopal, Anglican, Communion (as referring to the larger church), ethos, standing committee, presiding bishop and general convention. The students will understand the meaning of the “Four Instruments of Unity:” The Archbishop of Canterbury; the Meeting of Primates; the Lambeth Conference of Bishops; and, the Anglican Consultative Council. The students will encounter the various levels of structure and governance in which we live as Episcopalians and Anglicans. The students will learn of and appreciate an outline of our history in the context of Anglicanism. The students will see themselves as part of a worldwide communion of fellowship and mission as Christians together with others from throughout the globe. The students will read and discuss the “Chicago-Lambeth Quadrilateral” (BCP pages 876 – 877) in order to appreciate the essentials of an Anglican identity. Introduction & Teacher Background This lesson can be as exciting to the students as you are willing to make it.
  • Lambeth Palace Library Research Guide Biographical Sources for Archbishops of Canterbury from 1052 to the Present Day

    Lambeth Palace Library Research Guide Biographical Sources for Archbishops of Canterbury from 1052 to the Present Day

    Lambeth Palace Library Research Guide Biographical Sources for Archbishops of Canterbury from 1052 to the Present Day 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 2 Abbreviations Used ....................................................................................................... 4 3 Archbishops of Canterbury 1052- .................................................................................. 5 Stigand (1052-70) .............................................................................................................. 5 Lanfranc (1070-89) ............................................................................................................ 5 Anselm (1093-1109) .......................................................................................................... 5 Ralph d’Escures (1114-22) ................................................................................................ 5 William de Corbeil (1123-36) ............................................................................................. 5 Theobold of Bec (1139-61) ................................................................................................ 5 Thomas Becket (1162-70) ................................................................................................. 6 Richard of Dover (1174-84) ............................................................................................... 6 Baldwin (1184-90) ............................................................................................................
  • Iburtraits Qrtbhisbups Nt

    Iburtraits Qrtbhisbups Nt

    iB urtraits of the ’ Qrtbhisbups nt fian tzrhury E M . B N Emm i) B Y G . V A A N D I SSU ED W I TH TH E AP P ROV AL O F Hrs G RAC E TH E A R CHB I SHOP OF CAN TER B U RY A . R . M LTD . OWB RAY CO . ON DON : G a t Ca s tl Ox f Ci c s W . L 34 re e Street , ord r u , ’ OXFO R D : 1 06 S . Alda t e s St re e t 1 908 LAM B ETH A LA P C E . E . , S , M a r h c 7 0 . , 9 8 MY DEAR M I SS B EV AN , I cordially approve of y o u r plan of publishing a series of such portraits as exist of the successive occupants of the See of Canterbury . I gather that you propose to a c c omp a ny the plates with such biographical notes as may present the facts in outline to those who have little knowledge of English Church History . I need hardly say that so far as Lambeth is c o n cerned we offer you every facility for the reproduction of pictures or seals . Such a book as you contemplate will have a peculiar f s interest this year, when the See of Canterbury orm the - pivot of a world wide gathering . a m I , Y s our very truly, Si n e d RAN DAL R ( g ) L CAN TUA .
  • Thomas Becket and Clerical Immunity Erika Zabinski University of St

    Thomas Becket and Clerical Immunity Erika Zabinski University of St

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of St. Thomas, Minnesota University of St. Thomas, Minnesota UST Research Online School of Divinity Master’s Theses and Projects Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity Winter 12-2015 Thomas Becket and Clerical Immunity Erika Zabinski University of St. Thomas, Minnesota, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.stthomas.edu/sod_mat Part of the Christianity Commons, History of Christianity Commons, History of Religions of Western Origin Commons, Practical Theology Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Zabinski, Erika, "Thomas Becket and Clerical Immunity" (2015). School of Divinity Master’s Theses and Projects. 12. https://ir.stthomas.edu/sod_mat/12 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity at UST Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in School of Divinity Master’s Theses and Projects by an authorized administrator of UST Research Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE SAINT PAUL SEMINARY SCHOOL OF DIVINITY UNIVERSITY OF ST. THOMAS Thomas Becket and Clerical Immunity A THESIS Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Divinity of the University of St. Thomas in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Theology © Copyright All Rights Reserved by Erika Zabinski St. Paul, MN 2015 1 I. Introduction We hear much more about the heroism of St. Thomas Becket, the martyr-archbishop of Canterbury, than we hear about the cause for which he made his stand.
  • Archbishop of Canterbury, and One of the Things This Meant Was That Fruit Orchards Would Be Established for the Monasteries

    Archbishop of Canterbury, and One of the Things This Meant Was That Fruit Orchards Would Be Established for the Monasteries

    THE ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY And yet — in fact you need only draw a single thread at any point you choose out of the fabric of life and the run will make a pathway across the whole, and down that wider pathway each of the other threads will become successively visible, one by one. — Heimito von Doderer, DIE DÂIMONEN “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Archbishops of Canterb HDT WHAT? INDEX ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY 597 CE Christianity was established among the Anglo-Saxons in Kent by Augustine (this Roman import to England was of course not the Aurelius Augustinus of Hippo in Africa who had been in the ground already for some seven generations — and therefore he is referred to sometimes as “St. Augustine the Less”), who in this year became the 1st Archbishop of Canterbury, and one of the things this meant was that fruit orchards would be established for the monasteries. Despite repeated Viking attacks many of these survived. The monastery at Ely (Cambridgeshire) would be particularly famous for its orchards and vineyards. DO I HAVE YOUR ATTENTION? GOOD. Archbishops of Canterbury “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY 604 CE May 26, 604: Augustine died (this Roman import to England was of course not the Aurelius Augustinus of Hippo in Africa who had been in the ground already for some seven generations — and therefore he is referred to sometimes as “St. Augustine the Less”), and Laurentius succeeded him as Archbishop of Canterbury.
  • Press Release the Archbishop of Canterbury Most Rev Justin Welby

    Press Release the Archbishop of Canterbury Most Rev Justin Welby

    Press Release The Archbishop of Canterbury Most Rev Justin Welby to Visit South India at the invitation of the Church of South India The Archbishop of Canterbury, head of the Anglican Communion, the Most Reverend Justin Welby will be visiting the Church of South India from 31st August to 5th September 2019 along with his spouse Mrs. Caroline Welby, on the invitation of the Moderator of Church of South India, Most Rev. Thomas K. Oommen. The Archbishop of Canterbury will visit the states of Kerala, Karnataka and Telangana. He will be hosted in Kerala by the Madhya Kerala Diocese, in Karnataka by the Karnataka Central Diocese and in Telugu region by the Medak Diocese. The Church of South India is a United and Uniting Church representing the Indian cultural and national ethos formed soon after Indian independence on 27th September 1947. The Anglican, Methodist, Congregational and Presbyterian Churches came together in an organic unity in CSI. As a United and Uniting Church, CSI has membership in three World Communions, namely, the Anglican Communion, the World Communion of Reformed Churches, the World Methodist Council as well as in the World Forum of United and Uniting Churches. The Archbishop of Canterbury is visiting the Church of South India as head of one of the Communions to which CSI belongs. The Most Reverend Justin Welby was installed as the 105th Archbishop of Canterbury on 21st March 2013 at Canterbury Cathedral. In 2017, Archbishop Welby was invited to join the UN Secretary- General António Guterres’ High-Level Advisory Board on Mediation – the only faith leader to be on the panel.
  • The Report of the Archbishop of Canterbury's Commission

    The Report of the Archbishop of Canterbury's Commission

    THE REPORT OF THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY’S COMMISSION ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE CHANNEL ISLANDS TO THE WIDER CHURCH OF ENGLAND 30 September 2019 Letter from the Chair of the Archbishop of Canterbury’s Commission on the relationship of the Channel Islands to the wider Church of England, the Right Revd & Rt Hon the Lord Chartres, GCVO PC Dear Archbishop, At the beginning of the work of the Commission you insisted that we should not seek to pass judgement on the unhappy sequence of events which precipitated the breakdown of relations between the Diocese of Winchester and the Deaneries of Guernsey and Jersey. Rather we were to focus on the possibility and shape of a future relationship conducive to the mutual flourishing of the Church in the Islands and the wider Church of England. We were charged to consult with the ecclesiastical and secular authorities in the Islands, with the Bishop of Winchester, his staff and other interested parties. This we have endeavoured to do. In the Report which follows we have proposed a way forward which, I believe, honours the polity of the Church of England and in particular the enhanced level of accountability of its bishops in the light of recent legislation but which also recognises and respects the traditions, both legal and ecclesiastical, which obtain in the Channel Islands. Our recommendations for action are attached. I have been very fortunate to be joined in this Commission by Baroness Judith Wilcox and Sir Christopher Clarke. After a distinguished business and political career, Baroness Wilcox has been able to offer a shrewd analysis of the context for our work while Sir Christopher Clarke with his extensive experience as a former Judge of the Courts of Appeal in Guernsey and Jersey, and Lord Justice of Appeal, has contributed an invaluable legal perspective.
  • 'How the Corpse of a Most Mighty King…' the Use of the Death and Burial of the English Monarch

    'How the Corpse of a Most Mighty King…' the Use of the Death and Burial of the English Monarch

    1 Doctoral Dissertation ‘How the Corpse of a Most Mighty King…’ The Use of the Death and Burial of the English Monarch (From Edward to Henry I) by James Plumtree Supervisors: Gábor Klaniczay, Gerhard Jaritz Submitted to the Medieval Studies Department and the Doctoral School of History Central European University, Budapest in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy CEU eTD Collection Budapest 2014 2 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... 2 TABLE OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ 3 ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................ 4 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 6 1. ‘JOYFULLY TAKEN UP TO LIVE WITH GOD’ THE ALTERED PASSING OF EDWARD .......................................................................... 13 1. 1. The King’s Two Deaths in MS C and the Vita Ædwardi Regis .......................... 14 1. 2. Dead Ends: Sulcard’s Prologus and the Bayeux Tapestry .................................. 24 1. 3. The Smell of Sanctity, A Whiff of Fraud: Osbert and the 1102 Translation ....... 31 1. 4. The Death in Histories: Orderic, Malmesbury, and Huntingdon ......................... 36 1. 5. ‘We Have Him’: The King’s Cadaver at Westminster .......................................
  • Dr Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury: an Appreciation

    Dr Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury: an Appreciation

    Dr Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury: An Appreciation On Friday, 16 March, Archbishop Rowan Williams announced that he would step down as leader of the 70 million strong worldwide Anglican Communion after being at the helm for a decade. In January 2013, he will be returning to Cambridge to take up the post of Master of Magdalene College. Reflecting on his tenure as Archbishop in a media interview to mark this announcement, Williams said: ‘The worst aspects of the job, I think, have been the sense that there are some conflicts that won’t go away, however long you struggle with them, and that not everybody in the Anglican Communion or even the Church of England is eager to avoid schism or separation’. When Rowan Williams was enthroned as the 104th Archbishop of Canterbury, whose lineage could be traced to St Augustine who first set foot on British soil in 597, he was only 52, the youngest person to occupy this office for nearly 200 years. Even before he became the spiritual leader of the Anglican Communion, Williams has had a brilliant career in both academia and the Church. At just 36, he was appointed Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity at Oxford University, after serving as an ordained priest in Cambridge and lecturer in Divinity in the city’s university. In 1989, he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Divinity, and a year later became a fellow of the prestigious British Academy. Williams was elected and consecrated as bishop of Monmouth in 1992, and in 2002 as the Archbishop of Wales.
  • The See of Canterbury

    The See of Canterbury

    The See of Canterbury STEPHEN NEILL THE ARCHDEACON OF WESTMINSTER is well known for his humane, indeed urbane, historical scholarship. I can think of no one, except perhaps Canon Charles Smyth, who could have produced so engaging a panorama of a hundred archbishops of Canterbury.* Dr. Carpenter has wisely resisted the temptation to string his arch­ bishops out on a line-to make a hundred brief biographies interesting would overtax the resources of the most skilled historian and writer. He has depicted a number of them in groups. Even so the Anglo­ Saxons remain shadowy figures, and few of the medievals are really interesting. When we come to the Reformation, it seems to me that Dr. Carpenter has not fully understood the greatness of Cranmer, has been a little too kind to Pole, a little indecisive on Laud. And I do not know how anyone could make the Georgian bishops interesting; they were on the whole a poor lot, and the best of the bishops of that time, Joseph Butler, never attained to the primacy. As we approach modern times the sketches become more individual and more alive. Dr. Carpenter is very good on Tait and Davidson, good on Benson and Lang, a little weak on the two Temples. I judge it to have been a mistake to include Geoffrey Fisher-the time has not yet come at which it will be possible to see in perspective that enigmatic figure. His remarks on the present holder of the office are thin and unrevealing. So a more than competent job. My real question, however, is whether the Archdeacon was put by his publishers on to a really rewarding enterprise.