Catalogue of an Exhibition of British Mezzotinto Portraits of the Eighteenth Century

BRITISH MEZZOTINTO PORTRAITS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

M. KNOEDLER & COMPANY 14 EAST FIFTY-SEVENTH STREET NEW YORK

1 I CATALOGUE OF AN EXHIBITION OF BRITISH MEZZOTINTO PORTRAITS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

NOVEMBER 1ST TO I3TH, 19Z6

M. KNOEDLER & COMPANY 14 EAST FIFTY-SEVENTH STREET NEW YORK ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MEZZOTINTO ENGRAVERS REPRESENTED IN THE PRESENT EXHIBITION

PAGE BARNEY,WILLIAM WHISTON Flourished about 1805 3 BROWNE, ALEXANDER Flourished 1667-1690 3 CLINT, GEORGE 1770 - 1854 4 DAWE, GEORGE 1781 - 1819 5 DEAN,JOHN About 1750 - after 1805 5 DICKINSON, WILLIAM 1746 - 182.3 6 DIXON,JOHN About 1730 - after 1800 7 DUNKARTON, ROBERT 1744 " before 1817 8 DUPONT, GAINSBOROUGH 1767 - 1797 9 FABER, JOHN, THE YOUNGER I About 1695 " 75& 9 FAITHORNE, WILLIAM 1656 - about 1710 10 FISHER, EDWARD 1730 - about 1785 10 GREEN, VALENTINE 1737 - 1813 11 HAID, JOHN GODFRIED 1710 - 1776 12. HOUSTON, RICHARD About 1711 - 1775 12. HUDSON, HENRY Flourished 1781 - 1 793 13 JONES, JOHN About 1745 - 1797 KEATING, GEORGE 13 Flourished 1784 - 1 797 KINGSBURY, HENRY M Flourished 1750 - 1 798 x MCARDELL, JAMES 5 About 172.9 - 1765 J MARCHI, GIUSEPPE FILIPPO 5

LIBERATI About 1735 - 1808 16 MEYER, HENRY 1782 - 1847 16 PARK, THOMAS 1759- 1834 17 QUITER, HERMANN HENDRIK 1626? - 1700 17 REYNOLDS, SAMUEL WILLIAM 1773 - 1835 17 RUPERT, COUNT PALATINE, PRINCE 1619 - 1682 18 SAY, WILLIAM 1768 - 1834 18 SMITH, JOHN About 1652. - 1742. 19 SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL 1751 - 1812. x9 TURNER, CHARLES 1773 " l857 J-5 WALKER, JAMES 1749 " l8°8 2.6 WARD, JAMES 1769- 1859 26 WARD, WILLIAM 1762. - 1826 2-7 WATSON, JAMES 1739? - 1790 28 WATSON, THOMAS 1743 - 1781 3° CATALOGUE WILLIAM WHISTON BARNEY Pupil of Samuel William Reynolds, flourished about 1805. He entered the Army, and rose to some distinction in the Peninsular War. His works are executed with intelligence and taste.

1 LADY CAROLINE SPENCER Chaloner Smith 14. Open letter proof. After Richard Cosway. Collection: Frederick. Halsey. Chaloner Smith had never seen this print, and lists it from Evans' Catalogue. Daughter of Marquis of Blandford. Born, December n, 1798; married June zi, i8zz, David Pennant, Esq., Junior, of Downing, County Flint, and died at Hyde Park Terrace, January 10, 18Z4. ALEXANDER BROWNE (FLOURISHED 1667-1690) Whether the important and interesting mezzotints inscribed Alex­ ander Browne excudit were engraved, or merely published by, him is not yet fully determined. They have so bold and free a touch that they must have been done by an artist thoroughly acquainted with the qualities and possibilities of the process, and it yet remains to ascertain who en­ graved the plates if Browne did not. Walpole tells us that in 1683, Browne obtained a patent to publish one hundred mezzotint prints from Van Dyck and Lely, for fourteen years. In Ars Victoria by Browne, published in 1669, there is not any mention of mezzotints until the last page, where, appended as a kind of note, and printed in italics, is "The Manner or Way of Mezo Tinto". This announcement must have put an end to the mystery with which, up to that time, the art was surrounded.

2. ISABELLA, LADY ARLINGTON Chaloner Smith 1. First State. Before the face was changed, before the snarling dog in the lady's lap, and before Browne's address. Chaloner Smith cites a similar impression in the Sutherland Collection. The title was afterwards altered to Catherine of Braganza, Queen of Charles II. After Sir Peter Lely. [3] Daughter of Lewis, Lord of Baeverwaert (who was a natural son of Prince Maurice by Madame de Baeverwaert) sister to the Countess of Ossory; married Henry Bennet, Earl of Arlington, member of the Cabal Administration, (1618-1685) by whom she had an only daughter, Isabella, Duchess of Grafton; she died January 18, 1718; aged 87. 3 SIR JOHN LOWTHER Chaloner Smith 2.1. First state. Before name of personage and Sr before painter. After Sir Peter Lely. On the death of his grandfather 1675, Sir John Lowther, as second baronet, succeeded to the great estates in Westmoreland and Cumberland, including the Whitehaven Collieries; was M. P. for the former county from that time to his being created, in 1696, Viscount Lonsdale; married Catherine, daughter of Sir Frederick Thynne, and died July 6, 1700. 4 FRANCES, COUNTESS OF PORTLAND Chaloner Smith 19. One state only described. After Sir Anthony Van Dyck. Youngest daughter of Esme Stuart, third Duke of Lenox, and Earl of March (died July 1614); married at Putney, June 1631, to Jerome Weston, second Earl of Portland.

5 MADAME JANE ROBARTS Chaloner Smith yi.. Second state. One impression only is known in the first state, three impressions in this second state. After Sir Peter Lely. Burnet speaks of her as one of the King's mistresses, managed by Lord Shaftesbury, and the daughter of a clergyman; she was never easy in her course of life, and died a sincere penitent about 1679-80, as evinced by date of Burnet's letter to the King.

GEORGE CLINT Born in Brownlow St., Holborn, 1770. Died in Kensington 1854. He was portrait painter as well as engraver, and was an associate of the Royal Academy. 6 ROBERT HALDANE Third state. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. [4] Robert Haldane of Gleneagles, Perthshire, and Captain in the service of the East India Company; youngest son of George Haldane M. P. and Helen, daughter of Sir Charles Erskine, of Alva, ninth son of John, Earl of Mar. He is said to have been the first Scotchman who ever commanded an East India Company's ship. He died in January 1768. GEORGE DA WE Born in London, February 8, 1781. Died October 15, 182.9. His prints are in a broad, manly style and are, therefore, especially successful in the rendering of Raeburn's paintings.

7 JOHN GRAY Chaloner Smith 5. Only state. After Sir Henry Raeburn. "Dedicated by permission to the Royal Company of Golfers." 1806.

8 THE RIGHT HONORABLE ROBERT MACQUEEN Open letter proof. After Sir Henry Raeburn. Lord Justice Clerk of Scotland. JOHN DEAN Born about 1750. Died in London after 1805. He is said to have been a pupil of Valentine Green. He was especially successful in rendering the beautiful paintings of George Romney and John Hoppner.

9 PHOEBE HOPPNER (CAROLINE DE LICHTFIELD) Chaloner Smith 13. Open letter proof. After John Hoppner. Collection: Frederic R. Halsey. Daughter of Mrs. Wright of Pall Mall, who was a modeller of portraits in wax, and a woman of great taste and talent. Hoppner, the painter, was frequently a guest there, and in 1782. married this daughter, of whom he painted several charming portraits; probably his success in painting elegant women was due to these friends.

10 PHOEBE HOPPNER Chaloner Smith 14. First state. Names of painter and engraver and the publication line, in scratched letters. After John Hoppner. C5] ii MARGARET MARTYR Chaloner Smith 18. First state. Before inscription, scratched, artists' names and address. After Mather Brown. Maiden name Thornton; appeared first in public as a singer at Vauxhall, and was afterwards engaged at Covent Garden; married to Captain Martyr, who died when confined in the King's Bench for debt; she was a favourite in Rosetta and other characters in English opera. Died June 7th, 1807. WILLIAM DICKINSON Born in London 1746. Died in Paris 1813. Many of his mezzotints are among the most brilliant specimens of the art: powerful, full of colour, excellent in drawing and in rendering the touch of the painters, amongst whom were Reynolds, Romney and Peters.

12. DIANA, LADY CROSBIE Chaloner Smith 14. Second state. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Daughter of Lord George Sackville; born 1756; married, 1777, Viscount Crosbie, who succeeded, in 1781, to Earldom of Glan- dore. Died at Ardfert Abbey, Augt. 19th, 1814. Her daughter married Mr. Herbert, of Mucross.

13 ELIZABETH, COUNTESS OF DERBY Chaloner Smith 16. Second state. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Only daughter of James, 6th Duke of Hamilton, and the beauti­ ful Elizabeth Gunning. Born January 2.6th, 1753; married, June 13rd, 1774, to Edward, i2.th Earl of Derby. She died March 14th, 1797, and was buried at Bromley, Kent. The notices add: "her own family paying her debts, which amounted to £5,000." The Earl married, secondly, May 1,1797, Miss Elizabeth Farren.

14 JANE, DUCHESS OF GORDON Chaloner Smith 2.8. First state. Before inscription; names of painter, engraver and the publication line in scratched letters. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Eldest daughter of Sir William Maxwell, Bart.; married to the 4th Duke of Gordon, 1767; celebrated for her beauty, sprightly wit, and captivating manners, and was also most careful in the [6] education of her children; three of her daughters became Duch­ esses (Richmond, Manchester, Bedford), one was Marchioness Cornwallis, and the last Lady Sinclair. She died at the Pulteney Hotel, Piccadilly, April n, 1811, in her 64th year.

15 MRS. GWYNNE AND MRS. BUNBURY Chaloner Smith 34. First state. After Daniel Gardner. Collection: W. E. Drugulin. Mrs. Gwynne, nee Mary Horneck, was daughter of Captain and Mrs. Kane Horneck, celebrated by Goldsmith as the "Jessamy Bride"; married General Gwynne, equerry to George III; was bedchamber-woman to Queen Charlotte. Died in Portman Street, January 14, 1840, aged 87. Mrs. Bunbury, nee Catherine Horneck, eldest daughter of Cap­ tain Horneck, celebrated by Goldsmith as "Little Comedy"; married 1771, Henry William Bunbury. She died at General Gwynne's residence; Egham Hill, July 8, 1799.

16 MRS. PELHAM Chaloner Smith 59. First state. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Sophia, daughter of George Aufrere, of Chelsea, Esq.; married, 1770, Charles Anderson Pelham, Esq. (M. P. for Lincoln, created Baron Yarborough, 1794). Died, 2.7thJany., 1787,at Brocklesby.

17 LADY CHARLES SPENCER Chaloner Smith 77. First state. Before inscription, names of painter, engraver and the publication date, January 15, 1776, in scratched letters. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Maria, daughter of Lord Vere, of Hanworth; born, 1743; married October ind, 1762., Lord Charles Spencer, znd son of Charles, md Duke of Marlborough. Died, 13th of January, 1812..

JOHN DIXON Born in Ireland about 1730. Died after 1800. Removed to London about 1765. He married a young lady of fortune, and thenceforward only fol­ lowed his profession as an amusement; residing at Ranelagh and after­ wards at Kensington, where he died at an advanced age. His works are powerful, well drawn and rich in tone. [7] 18 NELLY O'BRIEN Chaloner Smith 16. First state. With names of painter, en­ graver and the publication line in scratched letters. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. A very celebrated lady of the demi-monde, apparently a special favourite with Sir Joshua. Died in Park-street, Grosvenor- square, 1768.

19 ELIZABETH, COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE, AND HER SON, GEORGE AUGUSTUS, AFTERWARDS IITH EARL OF PEMBROKE Chaloner Smith 2.7. First state. With names of painter and en­ graver and publication line in scratched letters. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Born, 1737; second daughter of Charles, 2.nd Duke of Marl­ borough; married, 13th March, 1756, the Earl of Pembroke, and died 30th April, 1831. Her son, represented in the print, was afterwards nth Earl of Pembroke, and died, 16th of October, 182.7. ROBERT DUNKARTON Born in London 1744. Died before 1817. Is said to have been a pupil of Pether. He practiced as a protrait-painter at first, but discontinued exhibiting after 1779. His works in mezzotint are in a clear, finished style. ID MISS BAMFYLDE Chaloner Smith 6. Proof before the title; names of painter and engraver in traced letters. After W. Peters. xi JAMES, LORD LIFFORD Chaloner Smith 2.9. Undescribed proof before all letters; before the first state of Chaloner Smith. After Sir Joshua Reynolds.

VL THE SAME First state. Inscription in open letters. "The Right Honourable James Hewitt Lord Lifford Lord High Chancellor of Ireland, etc." Born, 1709, at Coventry, went to the English Bar; M. P. for Coventry; Judge of the King's Bench, 1766; in 1767, Lord Chan­ cellor of Ireland; created Baron Lifford, 1768, and Viscount Lifford, 1781. Died at Dublin, April z8th, 1789. [8] GAINSBOROUGH DUPONT Born in 1767. Died at his house in Fitzroy Square, January zo, 1797. A maternal nephew and pupil of Thomas Gainsborough. Although he lost the advantage of Gainsborough's guidance when only one and twenty, his paintings are not unworthy of his teacher.

13 JOHN HAYES ST. LEGER Chaloner Smith 10. Only state. After Thomas Gainsborough. Born July 13rd, 1756; of a good family (many of whom were celebrated for their wit and pleasantry; the title Viscount Doneraile was, in 1703, conferred on Arthur St. Leger, the head of it); educated at Westminster, having been placed under guard­ ianship of his grand-mother, Lady St. Leger; purchased a com­ mission in the Guards, was one of the equerries to the Prince of Wales, and his intimate companion and friend; served with the Duke of York; major-general 1795; went to India, and died sud­ denly at Trincomalee, where he was commander-in-chief, in 1800.

2.4 PRINCE WILLIAM HENRY, DUKE OF CLARENCE, AFTERWARDS WILLIAM IV. Chaloner Smith 1. Only state. Scratched letter proof, one im­ pression only of this interesting portrait was known to Chaloner Smith. It is in the British Museum. After Thomas Gainsborough. Collection: F. R. Halsey. Born, Aug. 1.1st, 1765; third son of George III., generally known as the Duke of Clarence, until his accession to the throne as Wil­ liam IV., June 2.6th, 1830. He died at Windsor, June zo, 1837.

JOHN FABER, THE YOUNGER About 1695-1756. Born in Holland and accompanied his father to Eng­ land when three years of age. He appears to have devoted himself entirely to mezzotinto engraving. His prints date from 1711 to 1756. His prints are especially important and interesting as so extensively illustrating the portrait art of England, between the time of Kneller and that of Reynolds, about which comparatively nothing is known at the present day.

2.5 PHILIP, LORD HARDWICKE Chaloner Smith 178. First state. After Thomas Hudson. [9] Son of Philip York, an attorney at Dover; born there Dec. ist, 1690; M. P. for Lewes, and Solicitor-General 1719; Attorney- General 172.4; Chief Justice of King's Bench and Baron Hard- wicke, 1733; Chancellor 1737 to 1756; created Viscount Royston and Earl of Hardwicke 1754; died March 6th, 1764, leaving five sons and two daughters by his wife, the daughter of Charles Cocks, Esq., of Worcester.

2.6 ANTHONY SAYER Chaloner Smith 317. Second state. With names of painter and engraver, the title, Anthony Sayer, Gent" Grand Master of the Masons, but before the publication line. Three proofs only in this state were known to Chaloner Smith. After Joseph Highmore. Bromley gives 1750 as the date of this portrait. WILLIAM FAITHORNE About 163 6-1710. One of the sons of the famous line engraver of the same name, and appears to have practiced altogether in mezzotinto. His style at its best is highly finished, and his ladies are very pleasing, but in general his prints are lesspowerful than someother works of his time. irj MADAME PLOWDEN Chaloner Smith 19. First State. Before name of personage. After John Closterman. Probably one of the three wives of William Plowden, Esq., of Plowden, Shropshire, who was born in 1666; was Colonel in the Life Guards of James II, and died 1740. EDWARD FISHER Born in Ireland 1730. Died in London about 1785. As no engraving of his certainly done in Ireland has been met with, it is possible that he learned the art in London, and probably from his fellow-countryman, James McArdell, with whom he is often mentioned, and some of whose plates he published. He must be assigned a high place for both breadth of treatment and delicacy of finish. x8 LADY SARAH BUNBURY Chaloner Smith 6. The inscription effaced. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Companion of Lady Elizabeth Keppel. These portraits are styled by Joubert, "pieces capitales du peintre et du graveur." [10] Born Feb. 14th, 1745; daughter of Charles, 2nd Duke of Rich­ mond; was one of the bridesmaids to Queen Charlotte, and had been, it was said, admired by George III.; married 1761, Sir Thomas Charles Bunbury, Bart., but lived unhappily and was much talked about; being divorced in 1781, she married in the August of that year, the Hon. George Napier(the late SirCharles and Sir William Napier were sons of this marriage). Died Au­ gust 2.0th, i8z6.

2.9 CHARLES, MARQUIS OF ROCKINGHAM Chaloner Smith 51. Proof before all letters, undescribed, before the First State of Chaloner Smith. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Born, 13th of May 1730; succeeded his father as znd Marquess, in 1750; first Lord of the Treasury, 1765-6; leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords during Lord North's administration; again Premier in 1781; but died suddenly on the 1st of July in that year.

VALENTINE GREEN Born at Salford, near Evesham, 1737. Died in London June 19th, 1813. A pupil of Robert Hancock, a Staffordshire man. In 1761 Green left Hancock, came to London, and in 1775 was appointed associate engra­ ver to the Royal Academy, and mezzotint engraver to the King—dis­ tinctions well merited by his artistic talents and unwearied diligence. 30 MARIA COSWAY Chaloner Smith 2.9. Only state. After her own painting. Born in Italy, daughter of an Irishman named Hadfield, who kept an hotel at Leghorn; studied art at Rome; came to England on her father's death; married, in 1781, Richard Cosway, R. A., and exhibited her paintings at the Royal Academy up to 1801! On the loss of a daughter, she retired to a religious house at Lyons, where she is supposed to have died. She was in London in 182.1, on the death of her husband, from whom she had been long separated.

31 JANE, COUNTESS OF HARRINGTON Chaloner Smith 61. First state. Before name of personage, re­ mainder of inscription in scratched letters. Collection: British Museum Duplicate. This, seemingly, is the proof mentioned by Chaloner Smith. Daughter and co-heir of Sir John Fleming of Brompton Park, Bart.; married, 13rd May, 1779, Charles, 3rd Earl of Harrington. Died 3rd February, 18x4, in the King's Palace, St. James's. 3Z WILLIAM INNESS Chaloner Smith 75. Only state. After Lemuel Francis Abbott. Dedicated, "To the Society of Goffers at Blackheath." Pub­ lished Nov. ii, 1790.

33 ELIZABETH WEST AND CHILD Chaloner Smith 138. First state. Before the inscription. After Benjamin West. Collection: Frederic R. Halsey. Wife of Benjamin West, maiden name Elizabeth Showell; came over from America and was married in 1765; died 1817.

34 THE WRIGHT FAMILY Chaloner Smith 141. First state. Before inscription; scratched, Joseph Wright pinxit. Ryland & Bryer ex. Valentine Green fecit. After Joseph Wright. JOHN GODFRIED HMD 1710-1776. Born at Wurtemberg. He was invited to London by Boydell and engraved there nine plates. He afterwards returned to Germany and died in 1776.

35 ACHILLES Chaloner Smith 6. First state. Before inscription, artists' and publishers' names scratched. After Rembrandt. The painting was then in the collection of Joshua Reynolds. RICHARD HOUSTON Born in Dublin about 1711. Died 1775. Apprenticed to John Brooks, he was a fellow-pupil with James McArdell, whom he was considered, at the outset, to rival if not even to surpass in spirit and fire; and it is possi­ ble that he may have possessed a greater natural genius. His dissipated conduct soon reduced him to dependence and his work is unequal.

36 MARIA, COUNTESS OF WALDEGRAVE, AND HER DAUGHTER, LADY ELIZABETH LAURA Chaloner Smith 111. First state. Proof before all letters. [".] After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Collection: British Museum Dupli­ cate. Daughter of Mr. (afterwards Sir Edward) Walpole and Mrs. Dorothy Paxton; born 3rd July, 1739; married, first, in 1759, James, md Earl Waldegrave, who died, 1763; second, in 1766, William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, brother of George III., who was much displeased, sent them abroad, and the marriage was not published until 1771, soon after which the brothers were reconciled. She died at Brompton, rxnd August, 1807, and is buried at Windsor. She is a prominent personage in the Walpole Correspondence.

HENRY HUDSON His works are dated from 1781 to 1793. Of his life nothing is known, and as his prints are few it is surmised he was independent or had other pursuits.

37 COUNTESS VON REVENTLOW Chaloner Smith 12.. Proof before title, with names of painter and engraver only. After Johann Heinrich Schroder.

JOHN JONES Born about 1745. DieEdinburgh Co. of Golfers 1795.'' 39 THE SAME With title of personage and full inscription below. This is the only state described by Chaloner Smith.

40 EDMUND BURKE Chaloner Smith 11. First state. Before name of personage, re­ mainder of inscription in skeleton letters. After George Romney. Born at Arran-quay, Dublin, 1st Jan., 1730; educated at and was [13] a scholar of Trinity College; then came to London, and emi­ nently distinguished himself in Parliament as statesman and orator, whilst taking a foremost place among the literary men of the time. He died at Beaconsfield, 9th July, 1797. 41 SIR JAMES ESDAILE Chaloner Smith 2.6. Before the name and title of the personage. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Alderman of Cripplegate, 1767. Died in his house in Bunhill- row, 6th April, 1793. 4Z MRS. JORDAN IN THE CHARACTER OF HYPOLITA Chaloner Smith 41. Second state. After John Hoppner. Dorothy Bland was born in Waterford about 1762.; appeared on the Dublin stage in 1777, afterwards at Leeds and York, and, in 1785, at Drury-lane, having assumed the name of Jordan. She was a most bewitching and delightful actress. Her connection with the Duke of Clarence was well-known. She died at St. Cloud, July 5th, 1816, having left England for the purpose of avoiding creditors, her debts being the consequence of bills given by her to relieve a near relation.

43 CAROLINE, DUCHESS OF MARLBOROUGH Chaloner Smith 53. Only state. After George Romney. Born 1743; only daughter of John, 4th Duke of Bedford; one of the train-bearers at Queen Charlotte's coronation; married 1762., George, 3rd Duke of Marlborough. Died at Blenheim, No­ vember 2.6, 1811. 44 LADY CAROLINE PRICE Chaloner Smith 64. Second state. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Born, 1755; daughter of George, 3rd Lord Carpenter, who was created Earl of Tyrconnell, 1761; married, 1774, Uvedale Price, Esq., of Foxley; Co. Hereford, who was created a baronet, 182.8. Died, i6thjuly, 1816. GEORGE KEATING Flourished 1784-1797. Born in Ireland. Chaloner Smith catalogues eleven mezzotints by him. All of them were published in London. He also engraved in the stipple method. [14] 45 GEORGIANA , DUCHESS OF DEVONSHIRE , AND HER DAUGHTER , LADY GEORGIANA DOROTHY Chaloner Smith 3. First state. Inscription in open letters. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Collection: Alfred Morrison. Eldest daughter of ist Earl Spencer. Born June 7th, 1757; married June 5, 1774 to William, 5th Duke of Devonshire; died March 30th, 1806. Lady Georgiana Dorothy was born in 1783; married in 1801 George Howard, who succeeded as 6th Earl of Carlisle in 1815; died 1858.

HENRY KINGSBURY Flourished 1750-1798. He would appear to belong to the School of John Raphael Smith, after whose paintings two of Kingsbury's mezzo­ tints are executed. He engraved some plates in the stipple method and would seem to have been a painter also.

46 MRS. WALLER Unknown to Chaloner Smith. Proof before all letters. After John Dowman.

JAMES McARDELL Born in Dublin about 172.9. Died in London 1765, and was buried at Hampstead. Pupil of John Brooks, who was the foremost among a School of Irish engravers then working in Dublin. McArdell came to England with Brooks about 1747, and rapidly surpassed his master in the art of mezzotint engraving. His prints display a brilliance and precision previously unknown, and not only was he the founder of the great school of mezzotint engravers of the Eighteenth Century, but his work was not surpassed by even such men as Valentine Green, John Raphael Smith or Thomas Watson.

47 LUCY EBBERTON Chaloner Smith 58. First state. Before the alterations in the face, hat, cap, necklace, etc. After George Knapton. Married Captain Greeg of the Marines. She resided some time at Blandford and afterwards removed to Exeter. Banton, who kept the London Tavern in Poole, was her uncle. [15] GIUSEPPE FILIPPO LIBERATI MARCHI Born at Rome about 1735. Died in London April z, 1808. Was brought to London by Sir Joshua Reynolds in 1753, and became his assistant. About 1770 he appears to have endeavoured to establish himself as a portrait-painter on his own account, but, not succeeding to his expecta­ tions, returned to Reynolds. His fame will rest upon his mezzotints, which, although not numerous, exhibit a most artistic feeling, and prove him a worthy disciple of Reynolds, who himself may sometimes have supervised the engraving. 48 Miss JENNY AND MISS NELLY BENNET Chaloner Smith z. Only state. After James Nixon Bromley states that these were the daughters of the print seller Bennet, who was for a short time the partner of R. Sayer.

HENRY MEYER Born in London 1781. Died 1847. Nephew of John Hoppner and pupil of Francesco Bartolozzi. He painted portraits in oil and water-colour and was considered very successful in obtaining likenesses of his sitters. He engraved principally portraits, both in mezzotint and stipple. He was one of the foundation members of the Society of British Artists, and became President of the Society in 18x8. 49 LADY HAMILTON AS "NATURE" First published state. After George Romney. Emma Hart, daughter of a domestic servant, became a nurse­ maid at the age of thirteen. Tradition says that a few years later she made her way to London, and, after various vicissitudes, was rescued from absolute destitution by "Dr." Graham, a disrepu­ table quack, who exhibited her as the goddess Hygieia, in the scanty costume in which that divinity is usually represented. Eventually Charles Greville took her under his protection, and would have married her but for the interference of his uncle, Sir William Hamilton, who saved his nephew from a mesalliance by committing one himself. It was between her exhibition as Hygieia and her liaison with Greville that Emma Hart sat often- est to Romney, whom she never wholly deserted. Sir William Hamilton married her in 1791, and introduced her to the Court [16] of Naples, where he was British Minister. There she became a great favourite with the King and Queen, and it was at Naples that the connection with Lord Nelson began, which only termi­ nated with the latter's death. Lady Hamilton died in straitened circumstances, at a lodging near Calais, in 1816.

50 LADY KENYON First state. Proof before all letters. A private plate, the property of Lord Kenyon After John Hoppner. Margaret Emma, only daughter of Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart., of Hanmer, Co. Flint; born 1785, married February 1st, 1803. George, md Baron Kenyon. Died, Feb. 24th, 1815. THOMAS PARK 1759-1834. Born 1759, and practiced engraving for some years. About 1797 he commenced a literary career by the publication of a volume of Sonnets, was author of several other works, and a very distinguished antiquarian. He edited Walpole's "Royal and Noble Authors," and the "Harleian Miscellany."

51 MARY ELIZABETH WATSON Chaloner Smith 9. Second state. After Thomas Gainsborough. Only daughter of Richard Milles, Esq., of North Elmham, Co. Norfolk; married, first, 1785, Hon. Lewis Thomas Watson, (who succeeded his father, 1795, as 2-n'i Lord Sondes, and died in 1806); secondly, 1809, Major-Gen., Sir Henry T. Montresor. She died X9th Sept. 1818. HERMANN HENDRIK QUITER Born in Holland i6zo or 162.6; died 1700. We have by him a few English portraits after Sir Peter Lely and others.

5Z SIR LEOLINE JENKINS Engraved by Quiter from his own painting. Sir Leoline Jenkins, Secretary of State and Diplomatist, born 16x3, died 1685. SAMUEL WILLIAM REYNOLDS Born July 4, 1773, in the West Indies, where his father was a planter. He was educated in England, and studied in the schools of the Royal [17] Academy. Subsequently he was taught mezzotint engraving by John Raphael Smith. He produced a number of plates after Sir Joshua Reynolds—with whom he claimed some kinship—and also after Hopp- ner, Lawrence and most of the painters of his day. He was appointed Engraver to the King, although he refused the honour of a Knighthood.

53 CHARLES ABBOTT: (BARON TENTERDEN IN 1817) Whitman 1. Proof before all letters, earlier than the first state described by Whitman. After William Owen. Collection: Sir W. A. Fraser (Lugt 2.831) Charles Abbott, born 1761; died 1831; Recorder of Oxford 1801; Judge in the Court of Common Pleas and King's Bench 1816; Lord Chief Justice 1818; raised to the peerage as Baron Tenterden 182.7; presided at the trial of the Cato Street Conspirators, i8zo. 54 CHARLES JAMES Fox Whitman 92.. Open letter proof. After John Opie. PRINCE RUPERT, COUNT PALATINE 1619-1681. Prince Rupert was son of the unfortunate Frederick V. of Bohemia, and Elizabeth (the ' 'Winter Queen") sister of King Charles I., whose cause he so brilliantly served in the Civil War; passed most of his youth with the exiled family in Holland. Before he was twenty (1638) he had made a few essays in etching, which possessed consider­ able spirit. At one time he was looked upon as the inventor of mezzo­ tint engraving, but it has been shown that he learned it of Ludwig Von Siegen, a Lieutenant Colonel in the service of the Landgrave of Hesse, and introduced it into England. 5 5 STANDARD BEARER Le Blanc III. p. 3 82. After Giorgione. This important plate bears the same date, 165 8, as Prince Rupert's mezzotint, "The Great Executioner," Frankfurt 1658. There is a good deal of tone, especially in the face. This is attained by irregular dotted work, as well as by the roulette, and some of the outlines (hair, etc.) are added with the graver or dry-point. WILLIAM SAY Born at Lakenham, Norfolk, 1768. Died 1834. Pupil of James Ward. He was indefatigable in the practice of his art, and in 1807 was appoint­ ed engraver to the Duke of Gloucester. [18] 56 WILLIAM FREDERICK, DUKE OF GLOUCESTER After William Beechey, R. A. 57 EDWARD, DUKE OF KENT AND STRATHEARN Open letter proof. After William Beechey, R. A. JOHN SMITH About 1651-1741. "Even in his own time the merits of this engraver were highly appreciated, and subsequent writers, as Walpole, have consider-, ed him one of the great improvers of the art. He certainly excelled in brilliancy of efFect, and was powerful, clear and correct in drawing". CHALONER SMITH 58 CHARLES II. Chaloner Smith 48. After Sir Godfrey Kneller. 59 JAMES DUKE OF YORK (AFTERWARDS JAMES II.) Chaloner Smith 141. Proof before all letters. After Sir Godfrey Kneller. Granger states that there is reason to believe that the picture was painted in the reign of Charles II., when the personage was Lord High Admiral. The date 1697 is assigned to the print, and Granger states that the plate was lost, and that the prints be­ came extremely scarce in Smith's lifetime, who offered a guinea apiece for as many as could be procured for him. 60 MARY II., QUEEN OF WILLIAM III. Chaloner Smith 175. Second state. After Jan Van Der Vaart (1647-172.1.) 61 EDWARD RIGBY Chaloner Smith nz. After Thomas Murray 1666-17x4. Captain in the Navy. The date 1701 is assigned to this print. JOHN RAPHAEL SMITH Youngest son of Thomas Smith, the landscape painter, usually known as "Smith of Derby". Born 1751. Died 1833. It is not known by whom he was taught mezzotinto and stipple engraving, but he became emi­ nent in both. He led a life of business and pleasure, the latter pre­ dominating. [19] 6t MRS. ARMSTRONG Chaloner Smith 3. First state. Before inscription. Engraved by J. R. Smith from his own design.

63 MRS. CARNAC Chaloner Smith 31. Second state. Before inscription; names of painter and engraver in scratched letters. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Elizabeth, only daughter of Thomas Rivett, Esq., of Derby, M. P.; married John Carnac, Esq., brigadier-general in the East India Company's service, and celebrated in the annals of India, who died at Mangalore, in Nov., 1800, leaving his brother-in- law, who also, in 1801, assumed his name, his heir. His son, the nephew of this lady, was created a baronet, in 1836. 64 Miss CUMBERLAND Chaloner Smith 49. Second state. With the address of J. R. Smith as publisher. After George Romney. Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Richard Cumberland, Esq., married, 1781, Lord Edward Charles Cavendish-Ben tick, who was young­ est son of the md Duke of Portland, and died in 1819. She died at Ramsgate, 30th Sept., 1837, aged 77. 65 THE SAME Third state. With the addressof H. Humphrey as publisher.

66 JOHN PHILPOT CURRAN Chaloner Smith 50. Second state. After Thomas Lawrence. Born at Newmarket, Co. Cork, Z4th July, 1750; educated at Trinity College, Dublin; went to the bar, and became a most eloquent and distinguished advocate; M. P. for Kilbeggan, in 1783; appointed Master of the Rolls in Ireland in 1806; after his resignation, in 1814, resided chiefly in London, where he died, on 17th Oct., 1817. 67 MRS. DAMER Chaloner Smith 51. First state. Before the inscription. Inscription below, in the autograph of Horace Walpole, Anne Seymour Conway. Only child of General Henry Seymour Conway, and of Caroline cfs Dowager of Ailesbury, wife of John Damer, eldest son of Joseph Lord Milton. [10] After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Anne Seymour Conway, born 1748, was the only child of Gener­ al Conway; married, 14th June, 1767, the Hon. John Damer, eldest son of the 1st Lord Milton, but he proved an eccentric and profligate husband, and shot himself at the Bedford Arms, in Covent Garden, 15th Aug., 1776. She devoted herself to literature and art, and attained considerable proficiency as a sculptor. After the death of Horace Walpole, Earl of Orford, she resided for some years at Strawberry Hill, which he had bequeathed to her. She died in Upper Brook-street, 2.8th May, 182.8. She had great taste in getting up private theatricals, and was the Thalia of the scene at those of the Duke of Rich­ mond, where she acted Violante, in "The Wonder," to Lord Henry Fitzgerald's Don Felix.

68 LADY HAMILTON AS A BACCHANTE Chaloner Smith 75. Second state. With the address, 83 Oxford Street, later changed to 31 Kings Street, Covent Garden. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Emma Hart, daughter of a domestic servant, became a nurse­ maid at the age of thirteen. Tradition says that a few years later she made her way to London, and, after various vicissitudes, was rescued from absolute destitution by "Dr." Graham, a disreputable quack, who exhibited her as the goddess Hygieia, in the scanty costume in which that divinity is usually repre­ sented. Eventually Charles Greville took her under his pro­ tection, and would have married her but for the interference of his uncle, Sir William Hamilton, who saved his nephew from a mesalliance by committing one himself. It was between her exhibition as Hygieia and her liaison with Greville that Emma Hart sat oftenest to Romney, whom she never wholly deserted. Sir William Hamilton married her in 1791, and introduced her to the Court of Naples, where he was British Minister. There she became a great favourite with the King and Queen, and it was at Naples that the connection with Lord Nelson began, which only terminated with the latter's death. Lady Hamilton died in straitened circumstances at a lodging near Calais, in 1816.

69 THE SAME Third state. The address changed to 31 Kings St., Covent Garden. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. -jo LADY HAMILTON AS ' 'NATURE' ' Chaloner Smith 76. First state. Open letter proof. After George Romney. "These two charming prints by the same engraver, of the same fascinating fair one, give a good opportunity of comparing the powers of Reynolds and Romney.'' CHALONER SMITH "TWO sparkling portraits of Lady Hamilton; the first as 'Bac­ chante,' after Reynolds; the second as 'Nature,' after Romney. The flexibility of talent, which was at Raphael Smith's command, which is one of his most marked characteristics is made plain by comparing these fascinating, lively visions with his broad, strong, rough-hewn plate of 'Curran'—a masterpiece of power. FREDERICK WEDMORE

71 JAMES HEATH Chaloner Smith 79. Proof before all letters, undescribed, before the first state of Chaloner Smith. After Lemuel Francis Abbott. Born in London, 1757; pupil of Collyer, an engraver in the line manner; produced many of Stothard's pleasing works, and ex­ cellent book illustrations; also larger works, as the "Dead Soldier," "Riots of 1780," all engraved in line. He suffered great loss by a fire, in 1789; appointed associate, 1791; engraver to the King, 1794. He died in Great Coram-street, 15th Nov., 1834.

72. MRS. MUSTERS Chaloner Smith 12.0. First state. Before the inscription. Title and publication line in the engraver's handwriting. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Sophia, one of the four daughters and co-heiresses of James Modyford Heywood, Esq., of Maristow, Co. Devon; married, T777> Jonn Musters of Colwich Hall, Notts, Esq., and was one of the reigning beauties of society in London but is said to have been unhappy at home. She died September, 1819. Miss Burney says: "The present beauty, whom our children may talk of, is a Mrs. Musters—an exceedingly pretty woman; the reigning toast of the day."

73 THE SAME First state. Before the inscription—title and publication line in engraver's handwriting. [n] Collections: Sir Thomas Lawrence, and from the unidentified collection (Lugt 1840) perhaps Gerhard Michael Jabach, or Franz Anton Jabach. 74 MRS. NORTH Chaloner Smith 112.. Second state. After George Romney. Henrietta Maria, daughter and co-heiress of John Bannister, Esq., married, 17th Jan., 1771, Hon. and Rev. Brownlow North, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, who was translated to Wor­ cester, 1774, t0 Winchester, 1781, and died in 182.0. She died, 19th Nov., 1796. 75 MRS. PAYNE GALLWEY AND SON, CHARLES ChalonerSmithi33. Secondstate. Inscriptioninscratchedletters. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Philadelphia, daughter of Oliver de Lancey of New York, who lost a large property through his attachment to the English government in the American Revolution. She married Stephen Payne, Esq., (who assumed his mother's name of Gallwey, on coming into the estate of Tofts, in Norfolk), and died in 1785, aged 27, leaving two children, a son and a daughter. Charles (the boy represented in the print) grew up a youth of uncommon talents and high promise, and entered the army; unfortunately, having returned from a masquerade to his lodgings, in Maddox- street, he left the candle burning after going to bed, the hang­ ings caught fire, and in endeavouring to extinguish the flames, he was so badly burned that he died the next morning, 19 April, 1795, in nis I9th year- Charlotte, the daughter, married, in I797> Jonn Moseley, Esq. Their paternal uncle, William Payne, Lieut.-General and Colonel of the 12th Lancers, was created a baronet in 1811, and assumed the name Gallwey, in 1814. 76 MARY ROBINSON Chaloner Smith 141. Second state. After George Romney. The original painting is in the Wallace Collection. Mary Darby, daughter of an American trader. Married at fifteen a profligate attorney. First appeared on the stage as Juliet, and "took the town by storm", afterwards, as Imogen and Ophelia. In the character of Perdita in "The Winter's Tale" she attracted the attention of the Prince Regent, of which fact her unscrupu­ lous husband took the utmost advantage, and she left the stage. [13] The Prince sent her his portrait set in diamonds, on one side of which was inscribed, "Je ne change qu'en mourant," on the other, "Unalterable to my Perdita through life." He also gave her a bond for £2.0,000. Her carriage and horses were of the finest, and her liveries the most gorgeous. Her reign, however, did not last long. She was deserted in a few months, and pay­ ment of the bond was refused. After much trouble an annuity of £500 was settled upon her. She was a woman of some talent, and wrote a book of poems, which were much read. Died at Englefield Green, near Staines, 1800. 77 LOUISA, LADY STORMONT Chaloner Smith 159. First state. Before the inscription. After George Romney. Born 1st July, 1748; youngest daughter of 9th Lord Cathcart; married, first, 5th May, 1776, to David, 7th Viscount of Stor­ mont (who died 1st Sept., 1796); on the death of her husband's uncle, the Earl of Mansfield, in 1793, she inherited that title pursuant to the first patent made under the idea than an English peerage could not be limited in remainder to a Scotch peer. She married, secondly, Oct. 19th, 1797, Rt. Hon. Fulke Greville, third son of 1st Earl of Brooke and Warwick. She died at Richmond, nth July, 1843.

78 THE SAME Second state. With the inscription. 79 PROMENADE AT CARLISLE HOUSE Chaloner Smith 194. Second state. Engraved by John Raphael Smith from his own design. The prominent personages represented are as follows: J. R. Smith, the engraver, standing at the right with cane; Harriet Montague, with headdress, and Maria Townley, with hat, standing in center. In the background, seen through the doorway, is Dr. Johnson addressing Lucy Haswell. The two ladies at the table, one standing is Maria Weldon, seated is Mrs. Moss. The lady standing at the extreme left is Mrs. Charlotte Somerville. 80 SOPHIA WESTERN First state. Open letter proof. After John Hoppner. Harriet, Lady Cunliffe, daughter of Sir David Kinloch, 5th baronet; married 1781 Sir Foster Cunliffe, md baronet; died 1830. CM] CHARLES TURNER Born at Woodstock 1773. Died in Warren Street, Fitzroy Square, London, in 1857.

81 CHARLOTTE, COUNTESS CHOLMONDELEY, AND HER SON Whitman no. Whitman describes one state only. After John Hoppner. Born 1764, died 1838, wife of George James, 1st Marquess Cholmondeley. The son was William Henry Hugh, who became 3rd Marquess in 1870; born 1800, died 1884.

82. JOHN CLERK (LORD ELDIN) Whitman 112.. Second state. The first A in A.R.A., following the painter's name, erased. After Sir Henry Raeburn. Born 1757; died 183Z; Lord of Session, 1813-18.

83 JOHN HOPPNER, R. A. Whitman 167. First state. Inscription in light, open letters. After John Hoppner. Born 1858; died 1810. Exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1780; A.R.A. 1791, R.A. 1795; painted portraits of many of the leading personages of his day.

84 DAVID HUME Whitman 171. Proof before all letters, unknown to Whitman. After Sir Henry Raeburn. The painting is in the Parliament House, Edinburgh. Born 1757, died 1838; Professor of Scots Law at Edinburgh University, 1786; Baron of Scottish Exchequer 182.2.; author of Commentaries of Criminal Law of Scotland, 1797.

85 NAPOLEON I. Whitman 397. Third state. The publication date changed from June 16th, 1816, to August 16th, 1816. After Sir Charles Lock Eastlake. Napoleon is shown standing on the gangway of the Bellerophon.

86 LORD NEWTON (CHARLES HAY) Whitman 403. Open letter proof. After Sir Henry Raeburn. [>5] Born about 1740; died 1811; called to the bar 1768; became Lord of Session 1806. The original picture is in the National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh.

87 REMBRANDT Whitman 491. First state. Before any inscription. From Rembrandt's portrait of himself.

88 GEORGE TOWNSHEND, IST MARQUIS TOWNSHEND Whitman 567. Open letter proof. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Born 17x4; died 1807; fought at Culloden 1746, took command at Quebec on the death of General Wolfe, 1759; Field Marshal 1796; Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1767; created Marquess 1786.

JAMES WALKER Born in 1749. Died 1808. The son of a Captain in the Merchant Service. Pupil of Valentine Green. His earlier English plates, after Romney and others, are dated from 1778 to 1783. In 1784 he went to Russia as en­ graver to the Empress Catherine, and returned, with a pension, in 180Z.

89 MRS. MUSTERS Chaloner Smith 10. Second state. After George Romney. It is interesting to compare this portrait with that by Sir Joshua Reynolds, engraved by John Raphael Smith.

JAMES WARD Born in Thames Street, London, October 2.3rd, 1769. Died November 13rd, 1859. Studied under John Raphael Smith and for nine years under his elder brother, William Ward. In 1794 he was appointed painter and mezzotint engraver to the Prince of Wales.

90 DUKE OF CLARENCE (AFTERWARDS WILLIAM IV) Chaloner Smith 10. Third state. After Martin Arthur Shee. See also the interesting portrait of this personage engraved by Gainsborough Dupont. [{2.6] 91 LADY HEATHCOTE Chaloner Smith 2.3. Second state. Inscription in open letters. After Hohn Hoppner. Catherine Sophia, born 1769, eldest daughter of John Manners, Esq. (of Grantham Grange, grandson of the first Duke of Rutland) and Lousia Tollemache, Countess of Dysart; married, 1793, Sir Gilbert Heathcote, 4th Bart. Died in Grosvenor-square, May 2.8th, 1815. Lady Heathcote had a penchant for having her portrait painted in fancy costume; as Hebe by Hoppner, as in the present instance; Flora by Cosway, and Hope by Mrs. Mee. WILLIAM WARD Elder brother of James Ward, and the most distinguished pupil of John Raphael Smith. He lived in a world of art, his nearest connections being artists also, for he married the sister of George Morland, who, in 1786, had married Ward'ssister;portraitsoftheseladies,whoweredistinguished for personal charms, frequently appear in his subject pieces. He was appointed mezzotinto engraver to the Duke of York, and afterwards to the Prince of Wales. Died December 1st, 182.6.

91 Miss BOWLES ("JUVENILE AMUSEMENT") Chaloner Smith 11. Third state. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Jane, eldest daughter of Oldfield Bowles, Esq., married 1791 Richard Palmer, Esq., of HolmePark, Berkshire; she died in 1812..

93 HENRY CALLENDER Chaloner Smith 10. First state. At bottom to left Proof. After Lemuel Francis Abbott. Dedicated "To the Society of Goffers at Blackheath." Published July 16th, 1812.; a companion print to the portrait of William Innes by Valentine Green.

94 THE SAME Second state.

95 DAUGHTERS OF SIR THOMAS FRANKLAND Chaloner Smith 3 8. Second state of four. Inscription in open letters. After John Hoppner. Admiral Sir Thomas Frankland was married in 1743, and died in [17] 1784; he had nineteen children, of whom seven daughters grew up, viz., Mary, married to Sir Boyle Roche, Bart.; Harriet, died unmarried, 1808; Anne, married, first, 1778, John Lewis, Esq., second, 1810, Rev. R. Hare; Dinah, married, 1779, William Bowles, Esq.; Catherine, married T. Whinyates, Esq.; Charlotte, married, 1778, R. Nicholas, Esq.; Grace, married, 1793, M. Gosset, Esq. The picture was therefore probably painted some years be­ fore the print was engraved, but it is not ascertained which of the daughters were the graceful and elegant originals.

96 ELIZABETH, COUNTESS OF MEXBOROUGH Chaloner Smith 58. First state of three. Before the plate was reduced in size. After John Hoppner. Daughter of John Stephenson, of East Burnham, Co. Bucks, Esq. married, 1782., John, 2_nd Earl of Mexborough. Died, 7th June, 182.1, in Piccadilly, after a few hours' illness.

97 GEORGE MORLAND Chaloner Smith 60. First state. Inscription in open letters. After Robert Muller. Born in the Haymarket, x6th June, 1763; son of Henry Morland the painter, and early in life displayed his great genius for art; his first subjects were those of children and genre pieces, and these were perhaps his best, although afterwards he was chiefly famous for his pictures of animals. He married, in 1786, the charming sister of his friend, William Ward the engraver, but he was destroyed and ruined by his dissolute habits. His wife died three days after him, and both were interred at St. James' Chapel, Tottenham Court Road. J. R. Smith gave Morland much employment, and endeavoured strenuously, but vainly, to reclaim him. He engraved many prints after his pictures, some in the dotted or chalk, manner, others in mezzotinto, and also published several engraved by Ward and others.

JAMES WATSON Is said to have been born in Ireland in 1739 or 1740. James does not seem to have engraved in Ireland, and, in all probability, learned the art, when he came over to London, from McArdell. Died 1790. [z8] 98 MRS. ABINGTON Chaloner Smith 1. First state. Before all inscriptions. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. From the Balli Collection. Frances Barton was born in London in 1731; after passing through many difficulties, she appeared with success at Drury Lane in 1755, and soon afterwards married Mr. James Abington. Under this name she was as celebrated in Comedy as Mrs. Siddons was in Tragedy, and was an unrivalled favourite with the public up to her retirement from the stage at the close of the century. She died at Pall Mall, 4th March, 1815. She must have possessed rare talents, attracting admiration by the elegance of her figure, taste in dress, and piquancy of expression, in spite of plain and somewhat coarse features; overcoming the defect of a harsh and unpleasant voice by skill in modulation of its tones, and causing, what in another would be considered extreme impudence, in herself to appear as charming sauciness.

99 EDMUND BURKE Chaloner Smith 2.0. First state. Before the name of the personage. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Born at Arran-quay, Dublin, 1st Jan., 1730; educated at, and was a scholar of, Trinity College; then came to London, and eminently distinguished himself in Parliament as statesman and orator, whilst taking a foremost place among the literary men of the time. He died at Beaconsfield, 9th July, 1797.

100 ANNE, DUCHESS OF CUMBERLAND Chaloner Smith 37. First state. With date 1773, and before in­ scription below, on separate plate. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Eldest daughter of Simon Luttrell(who was created Baron Irnham, in 1768, andEarlofCarhampton, in 1785) married, 1st, Christopher Horton, of Catton, in Derbyshire; md, in 1771, H. R. H. the Duke of Cumberland, younger brother of George III., who was much displeased at the alliance. She died in 1803;

101 ELIZABETH, DUCHESS OF MANCHESTER AS DIANA, AND HER SON GEORGE, VISCOUNT MANDEVILLE Chaloner Smith 97. First state. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. [19] Eldest daughter of Sir James Dashwood, Bart.; married, 2.3rd Oct., 1762., George, 4th Duke of Manchester. She died in Berkeley-square, in her 92.nd year, z6th June, 1832.. Her son, rep­ resented in the print, was George, Viscount Mandeville, born, nth Nov., 1763; died, 13rd Feb., 1772.. iox Miss MOORE AS 'LUCINDA' Chaloner Smith 104. First state. Before the inscription. After Pierre Falconet.

103 LADY STANHOPE Chaloner Smith 135. Second state. Name and address at bottom. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Anne Hussey, daughter of Francis Blake Delaval, Esq., married, first (his third wife), 1759, the Hon. Sir William Stanhope of Wing Park, who was second son of the 3rd Earl of Chesterfield and died, 1771; second, Captain Morris of the Guards, well known by his witty songs. She died 13rd Feb., 1811. Sir William Stanhope and his lady did not live happily together, and Molloy states that on one occasion, when returning from the Continent, Sir William stopped the carriage at Blackheath, and on getting out, said "Madam, I hope I shall never see your face again." "Sir," replied her ladyship, "I will take all the care I can that you shall not."

THOMAS WATSON Born in Lodon 1743. Died at Bristol 1781. He worked at first in stipple, but afterwards became most successful in mezzotint.

104 CATHERINE, LADY BAMPFYLDE Chaloner Smith 2.. First state. Before any inscription. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Eldest daughter of Admiral Sir John Moore Bart., married, 1776, Sir Charles Warwick Bampfylde; lived for many years separate from her husband, but on his being shot, in April, 1813, by a man named Morland, came to London to attend upon him. She died at Egham, aged 78, 2.0th March, 1832.. Her only son was created Lord Baltimore in 1831. [30] n

105 HENRY, EARL BATHURST Chaloner Smith 4. Second state. After David Martin. Born, 1714; second son of Allen, Lord Bathurst, who was created Earl of Bathurst in 1771; went to the Bar; M. P. for Cirencester, etc., Judge of Common Pleas, 1754; Lord Chancellor, 1771-8; created Baron Apsley, 1771; his elder brother having died, succeeded as ind earl in 1775. He died at his seat at Oakley Grove, 6th Aug., 1794; He presided at the trial of the Duchess of Kingston in 1776, and was the builder of Apsley House.

106 ELIZABETH, LADY MELBOURNE, AND HER SON, PENISTON Chaloner Smith 15. Second state. With the names of the person­ ages below. After Sir Joshua Reynolds. Only daughter of Sir Ralph Milbanke, of Halnaby, Co. York; married, 1769, Sir Peniston Lambe, who was created Lord Mel­ bourne in the following year. Died, 6th April, 1818. Her son was Premier, 1834-41, and her daughter was wife of another Premier, the late Lord Palmerston. The boy is her eldest son, Peniston, born 1773., M. P. for Herts. Died before his father, 14th of Jan. 1805.

107 LADY RUSHOTJT AND CHILDREN Chaloner Smith 31. First state. Before the title, "A Lady and her Children." After Daniel Gardner. Rebecca, daughter of Humphrey Bowles of Wanstead, Esq., married, 1766, John Rushout, who succeeded his father as 4th baronet in 1773, and was created Lord Northwick, in 1797. She died at Northwick Park, Oct. 3rd, 1818. Her three elder children are represented in the print, viz., Anne, died unmarried, 4th April, 1849; Harriet, married, 1808, to Charles Cockerell, created a baronet in the following year, and died 30th Oct., 1851; and John, born 1770; succeeded his father as znd Lord Northwick, 1800; died loth Jan., 1859. He was the celebrated collector of the famous Northwick picture gallery.

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