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Model Approach for Incorporating Informatics in Optometric Curriculum

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Model Approach for Incorporating Informatics in Optometric Curriculum Introduction apid innovation in informa- tion technology is having a significant impact on the pro- R fession of optometry. Innova- tions include technologies such as high- capacity digital networks, powerful Model Approach computer hardware and software, high- resolution digital image compression, for Incorporating the Internet, very high data speeds and the capability for faster and lossless im- Informatics in age transmission.1 By embracing these innovations in ways such as tying in Optometric Curriculum digital devices to the electronic medical record, optometric practices and clinics may improve workflow, maximize elec- tronic medical record use, and enhance Sajeesh Kumar, PhD patient experiences and satisfaction.1 Despite some attention to the advances James E. Venable, OD, FCOVD relevant to the practice of optometry in the past decade, many optometric educators are still not fully embracing these advances in the informatics field Abstract and their growing importance to opto- The digital revolution is transforming the profession of optometry. Increasingly, metric practice or the delivery of opto- 2-4 optometric information is being recorded, stored and analyzed using computer- metric curriculum. Optometric edu- cation is a relative latecomer to the field ized tools. This concept paper discusses the integration of informatics into clini- 5 cal optometry training and, specifically, a framework for an optometric infor- of medical informatics. Nevertheless, some optometry schools have increased matics curriculum. Within this framework, the objectives, course sections and the use of informatics in their pro- a model curriculum are described. Optometry informatics curriculum aims to grams, but only in their clinical facili- equip students with the knowledge and tools they will need in their future role as ties.2-6 Although computing skills have decision-makers to use, design, implement, maintain or evaluate an optometric increased among optometry students,2 informatics application. and prospective students may enter op- Key Words: education, informatics, optometry tometry school better prepared to use the technology,3 there is still a need for improvement in preparing optometry students for the technology challenges they will encounter as future practitio- ners.3 After graduation, information technology and computing resources can play a major role in their optomet- ric practice.4 Optometric informatics may be de- fined as the use of electronic commu- nication and information technologies to provide and support a diverse group of activities related to eye health and vi- sion care for the practitioner. This defi- nition of optometric informatics could even be expanded to include the myriad technologies used in educating the op- Dr. Kumar is an Associate Professor in the Department of Health Informatics & Information tometric physicians of tomorrow. The Management at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center in Memphis. His research American Medical Informatics Asso- focuses on design and development of optometry informatics, teleophthalmology technology, ciation (AMIA) defines medical infor- education technologies and technology evaluation. matics more broadly, “Biomedical and Dr. Venable is an Assistant Professor and Vice President for Clinical Programs at Southern health informatics has to do with all College of Optometry in Memphis, Tenn. He teaches both didactic and clinical courses and is the aspects of understanding and promot- instructor of record for Practice of Optometry I & II. ing the effective organization, analysis, Optometric Education 74 Volume 39, Number 2 / Winter/Spring 2014 management, and use of information the following: had to rethink their delivery methods 7 in health care.” Optometric informat- • Overview of the field of optometric and find ways of incorporating technol- ics covers many activities, including informatics ogy and engaging students for the most diagnosis, treatment, prevention, pa- effective outcomes. In the clinical set- tient education, practice management, • The role of optometric informatics ting, attending optometric physicians research, community outreach and in practical applications of infor- have been challenged to interact with even optometric education of future mation systems in eye health and interns and residents with technology practitioners. If implemented and used vision care and in ways other than the traditionally optimally, it will change the delivery • Fundamental concepts of informa- accepted Socratic Method of engage- and efficiency of eye health and vision tion systems in the optometric set- ment. The students and residents have care curricula and better prepare future ting responded positively to SCO’s attempts optometric physicians. The Association at making material accessible utilizing • Current trends in health care and of Schools and Colleges of Optometry technology. telecommunication technology (ASCO) formally recognized the im- that affect the design and evolution The following sections outline the ideal portance of informatics to optometric of optometric informatics applica- components of an optometric infor- education by supporting formation of tions matics curriculum. the ASCO Optometric Informatics Special Interest Group (SIG) in De- • The use of optometric informatics Definitions/glossary cember of 2000.8 Now known as the in the assessment of a community’s Students should be introduced to for- Educational Technology SIG, one of its eye health and vision care needs. mal definitions of health informatics most important activities has been the Upon successful completion of this and optometric informatics. Because development of guidelines (June 2007) curriculum, students should be able to: of the continuous advancements in for the use of information technology telecommunications, application areas • Determine the need for optometric by ASCO’s member schools and colleg- for informatics are evolving, and new 9 informatics applications in practice es of optometry. Unfortunately, a re- terms arise. Frequently, one term is used view of many of the current programs’ • Utilize the role of informatics in to describe different tasks. It is impor- curricula finds optimal application of optometric care process re-engi- tant for students to be equipped with these guidelines lacking. neering a definitions list, which should include Jenna Hildebrand et al. (2007) suggest, • Describe the data and information the items of the “Informatics Guide- contrary to popular belief, that optom- security needs of optometric care lines for Schools and Colleges of Op- 11 etry students may not be as “computer- processes tometry” proposed by ASCO and be expanded to incorporate specific terms savy” as many educators expect them to • Implement an evaluation frame- be.10 Interviewees, after experiencing that are currently used in optomet- work for optometric informatics ric informatics. In addition, students their clinical externships, expressed a applications general interest for more exposure and should be introduced to the wealth of training in information technology • Utilize current technology in the resources related to informatics, such as within the optometric curriculum.10 diagnosis, treatment and manage- the major journals of the field, sites of ment of eye health and vision care national and international associations In the following section, integration of disorders. and online databases. informatics into an optometry program is discussed, and a framework for the Curriculum Framework Evolution of the field design of an optometric informatics Interest in optometric informatics curriculum is presented. The aim is to The proposed model curriculum de- seems to have increased in the past discuss concepts and topics that would scribed below is adapted from one cur- few years due to recent advances of be essential for integration into an op- rently in use at SCO. For several years telecommunication technology.12 An tometry program and to present an ap- now, the administration, faculty and introduction to the history and evolu- proach currently being utilized at the staff have incorporated new approaches tion of optometric informatics will help Southern College of Optometry (SCO) to didactic, laboratory and clinical in- students understand the diffusion and in Memphis, Tenn. struction to fully utilize optometric development of this innovation and its informatics. From technology in the growing use in optometric practice. Objectives classroom and laboratory to focused in- struction in clinical (CLN) courses, ev- Technical background An optometry informatics curriculum ery attempt is being made to assist the should be designed to develop intel- Optometry students are traditionally Millennial learners’ acceptance and as- being introduced to data transfer and ligent consumers, managers and re- similation of material and technology. searchers of optometric informatics communication within other under- through guided exploration into the The process of conversion to this new graduate or graduate courses related components of information systems. delivery system has been rather smooth to computer science. However, a brief The courses should involve the practical yet not without challenges. Faculty review of information technologies and application of optometry informatics. members with 15 or more years of ex- protocols that are being utilized for Specifically, the courses should address perience in academic optometry have informatics applications is a necessary Optometric Education
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