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1909. Congressional Record-House. 139 1909. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 139 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 1897, when we had a new President and a new Congress, Re­ publican in this branch, and, by the aid of some Populists, MONDAY, March ££, 1909. with a bare majority in favor of a protective tariff in the other branch of Congress. The House met at 12 o'clock m. When the Dingley bill was enacted we were looking for Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D. revenue; we were running behind in our receipts and could not The Journal of the proceedings of Friday last were read and keep up with our expenditures, due partially from the con­ approved. struction of the bill and partly by the destruction which the SWEA.BING IN OF MEMBER. Wilson bill had wrought in the industries of the United States. We cast about for revenue. At the same time we were aim­ l\fr. CLARK of Florida appeared at the bar and took the ing at protection for American industries. When the bill was oath of office. brought into the House ·it was criticised much more severely DAILY HOUR OF MEETING. than the bill which is before the House to-day. All sorts of Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that allegations were made against it; but we finally passed it, and until further order the daily hour of meeting be 11 o'clock it has proved to be a boon to the people of the United States. a. m. I do not need to go back over the industrial progress of this The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York [l\fr. PAYNE] country in the last twelve years to prove my assertion. That asks unanimous consent that until further order the daily hour history is known and read of all men. Everybody understands of meeting be 11 o'clock a. m. Is there objection? [After a that. Closely allied with the features of that bill as the primal pause.] The Chair hears none. cause has been that wonderful growth in the industries of the United States that has been the marvel of the world. [Ap­ THE TARIFF. plause on the Republican side.] Mr. PAYNE. I move that the House resolve itselt into Com­ Nor was the Dingley bill a failure as a revenue producer. I mittee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for the have had a little computation made of the entire revenues re­ consideration of the bill H. R. 1438. ceived under the Dingley bill for the total period from July 1, The motion was agreed to. 1897 (it became a law on the 26th), to March 16, 1909, and I The House accordingly resolved itself into Committee of the find the total receipts of the United States from all sources Whole House on t]+e state of the Union, Mr. OLMSTED in the except postal were $6,558,220,264, the total expenditures, except chair. postal, $6,483,664,856, leaving a surplus for the entire twelve years of its history of $74,555,408. And these expenditures The CHAIRMAN. The House is in Committee of the Whole included $50,000,000 for the Panama Canal, for which no bonds House on the state of the Union for the consideration of the have been issued; so that the entire surplus over the ordinary bill H. R. 1438, the tariff bill. expenditures of the Government has been about $125,000,000 Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Chairman-- during that period. Mr. MANN. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that But there has been a deficit for the period in the post-office the gentleman from New York may proceed until he concludes receipts and expenditures, the total receipts being $1,539,700,032 his remarks. and the expenditures $1,638,843,511, a deficit of $99,143,479. Of The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Illinois asks unani­ course no one will dispute that this post-office deficit resulted mous consent that the gentleman from New York may proceed largely from the enormous increase of the rural free-delivery until he concludes his remarks. Is there objection? [After a service, a service which has proved a boon to the agriculturists pause.] The Chair hears none. [Loud applause on the Re­ of the country, carrying a daily mail to every household in all publican side.] the thickly settled communities, but at great expense to the Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Chairman, I desire to thank the House for Government of the United States and a drain upon its Treasury. the extension of this courtesy, and I will try not to impose upon But notwithstanding this enormous drain upon the resources its good nature by a prolonged continuation of remarks. of the Treasury, for the entire period we have a surplus of over I do not think it worth the while at this time to enter upon $25,000,000 of ordinary receipts of all kinds over the expendi­ any academic discussion of the tariff question. The country is tures, including those of the postal department; surely not a bad overwhelmingly in favor of a protective tariff. It is an Ameri­ showing for a revenue bill which is also a protective measure, can policy. It seems to be acquiesced in by a great majority of and that has stood for twelve years of its duration with this the American people. It is true there are some looking for pro­ crowning feature of its success. tection to industries who do not come out into the open, who It is true that this bill has not brought a surplus during every declare themselves in favor of a tariff for revenue, disguising, year of its existence. For the last two years the receipts have or trying to disguise, their real belief in a tariff for protection. decreased and the expenditures have increased. The expendi­ We have advanced some in the last twenty years in this regard, tures have increased beyond the anticipation of any of the and now I do not believe that there is a man within the sound of originators of the Dingley law. We did not dream then of the my voice that would rise in his place and say that he is in Spanish war. Much less did we imagine the increased ex­ favor of "tearing down every custom-house in the United States penditures that would come after that war had ceased, with from turret to foundation stone." [Laughter.] great victory and honor to the national arms and the national When the McKinley bill was brought into the House a differ­ flag, but it brought increased burdens and increased responsi­ ent condition prevailed in the country from that of the present bilities. We jumped forward to a place as a world power with­ time. Then we had a superabundance of revenue. We were out a peer in the world. Our relations with other countries were trying to get rid of revenue, and the bill was framed partially changed. We not only changed the map, but we changed our with that purpose in mind. responsibility with the foreign nations, and with that change Then we took the duty off sugar, because sugar was a great came the burdens; the burden of an increasing navy, which revenue producer, and we offered a bounty on the production of seems to be one of the most popular things we have among the sugar of 2 cents a pound. That policy was adopted with great citizens of the .United States; an increased army, increased unanimity on this side of the House, and that feature went into coast defenses. Hence we have had extrordinary expenditures, the law. The McKinley bill became the law just thirty days be­ which have been an enormous burden upon the Treasury of the fore the election, and there was no time to meet the falsehoods United States. that were circulated throughout the country with respect to the Yet, notwithstanding all this, the Dingley law has produced operations or the prospective operations of the McKinley during its existence more than sufficient money to pay all bill. The election resulted in an overwhelming majority these expenditures, enormous as they have been, and to bring against the promoters of that bill in the House of Representa­ in a surplus of $25,000,000 to the Treasury-an apparent sur­ tives; and such was the final result that in 1894 we had the plus of only $25,000,000-and yet I am reminded at this point Wilson bill. Of this measure I do not propose to say much. that we have paid out of the money coming into the Treasury, It was like a kaleidoscope. It depended upon which way we of ordinary receipts, the expenditures in the building of the looked at it. There was protection in spots and there was free Panama Canal. It is true we have issued bonds, but the bonds trade in spots, and no well-balanced schedule in the whole bill. do not appear in this statement. The bonds come into the It lagged a brief life. It put a duty of 40 per cent ad valorem, Treasury and swell the assets of the Treasury, but the Treas­ or about that, upon sugar, on account, I suppose, of its being a ury officials have never made the mistake in bookkeeping of revenue producer, or else it was because by repealing the bounty adding those as a part of the revenues of the country. They part of the law it was necessary to have a tariff on sugar in have incurred a debt.
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