DOCSLIB.ORG

COMMUNALISM C a Social Ecology Journal Migration: Can We Abolish the Borders?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

9 USD | 7 Euro | 70 kr • Issue # 2, Spring/Summer 2010 COMMUNALISM C A Social Ecology Journal Migration: Can we abolish the borders? Town Meeting Democracy | Ethical Consumption | Nazism and Islamism EDITORIAL COMMUNALISM A common future ationalism is corrupting Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Americas. More than anywhere else it is corrupting Europe. Since the 1990s, right wing populists and N radical nationalist parties have gained a solid foothold on the continent, polluting European countries with their simple but menacing solutions. Nationalism constructs artificial borders between human beings on minimal, and A Social Ecology Journal often arbitrary, biological, linguistic and cultural differences. These artificial differences CIssue # 2 (17), Spring / Summer 2010 are eagerly exploited. By making immigrants and refugees the scapegoats of a growing Published by Communalism Press social insecurity, nationalist parties nurture a dormant parochialism and xenophobia. 2010 © Communalism According to their propaganda, the traditions and way of life of “real Hungarians” or “true Norwegians” are threatened by “foreign cultures.” But the very idea that those Editorial Board living in any given country have so much more in common with themselves than with Eirik Eiglad their neighbors and others living elsewhere in the world is ridiculous. The cultural Sveinung Legard division of human beings into different quasi-biological categories – where “we” are Camilla Svendsen Skriung assumed to be fundamentally different from “the others” – is simply reactionary. Design and Layout Nationalism is not only a right-wing phenomenon, but is advanced also by a Eirik Eiglad “national Left.” It is high time that we abandon the deceptive dogmas of “progressive nationalism” – it represents no bulwark against imperialism. Too often, the Left veils how Assistants to this issue the calls for social liberation are substituted by calls for national liberation, and how Peter Munsterman, Jakob Zethelius, the empowerment of the people is substituted by the empowerment of a small and Mat Little, Ingrid Flognfeldt Brubaker, often tyrannical elite. This development is evident in Venezuela, where the president Mark Andrews, Kjetil B. Simonsen Hugo Chavez – presenting himself as the expression of the Venezuelan people – is concentrating ever-greater powers into his own hands. Journal printed by UnitedPress Poligrafija, Riga It is now more important than ever to propose remedies against nationalism. First, we have to nurture the notion that we all belong to a common humanity. Second, Subscriptions available: we have to maintain that there are greater differences between the exploiters and 3 Issues for US$60, €40 or 340 nkr. the exploited, the powerful and the powerless, within the same country, than there Check webpage for details. are between “nations.” Third, we must consistently fight the influence of nationalists, while not shirking from criticizing reactionary tendencies within immigrant milieus. Please do contact us: We need active distributors. Finally, we must seek out practical alternatives to nationalism, the nation-state and its Submission guidelines available. borders. We think the essays we have collected in this issue give a decent overview of Donations are welcome. the challenges we face. As the alternative to nationalism, we propose communalism: a humanist politics Registrer deg som sympatisør: based on democratic participation and social equality. We need tangible alternatives Betal 100 nkr månedlig og motta alle våre utgivelser. to the nation-state and nationalism, and the very essence of communalism is to create Norsk konto: 0540.160.3087 common political arenas where people are included, not on the base of their nationality or “ethnicity,” but as cosmopolitan citizens. www.communalism.net The real challenge is not how to protect “our culture” and “our borders,” but rather Webpage developed by www.visualwebworld.com how we can find new arenas for common education, socialization and enlightenment in Discuss our ideas at the Communalism forums. order to develop our richest humanist traditions. Only through a generous democratic Follow us on Facebook and Twitter. politics can we create a common future, and heal our world from this nationalist disease [email protected] that dulls our minds, poisons our societies, and stunts our children. Grenmarsvegen 12, N-3912 Porsgrunn, Norge 2 COMMUNALISM CONTENTS Never doubt the ability of a small group of dedicated citizens to change the world. In fact, it is the only thing that ever has. “ Margaret Mead (1901–1978) Contents: 6 Consumed by ethics Mat Little 10 Can we buy ourselves a new society? Brian Tokar 13 Progressive nationalism Ken Furan 16 Strangers into citizens Interview with Julie Camacho 20 Migration without borders Teresa Hayter 30 The legacy of Enlightenment E Atle Hesmyr 39 National Socialism and Islamism Matthias Küntzel 52 Town meeting advocacy Ben Grosscup 62 Change the world by taking power Sveinung Legard Our movement 73 Conversation with Jakob Zethelius on forestry 78 Meeting De Fabel from Holland 80 Andy Price on Recovering Bookchin 2 Editorial 4 Comment 5 Challenges 17 Past Present Future 71 Reviews 81 Endnotes Photo: LAG Norge COMMUNALISM 3 OUR MOVEMENT Jonathan Korsár is a Swedish social ecologist. COMMENT He is active in Friends of the Earth. E After Copenhagen There are many ways to look at the result rights, European societies are forced to Such a movement indeed has a hard time of COP15, the UN climate summit in make large changes, in their economies and promoting justice of any sort. Copenhagen that many hoped would lead to their usage of resources and energy. These ambitious, international co-operative efforts societies also need to provide the means that A genuine and thoroughly reflected focus on to minimize global warming. A lot of people are needed, so people, who live in areas with justice, rights and duties can hopefully lead Ehave pointed out the disconsolateness of a low income and a with a scarcity of economic us onto a better track. How can we get people situation where the most powerful countries resources, can keep developing their societies and communities actively involved in decision in the world fail to act. Others have also without having to depend on fossil fuels. making processes regarding issues such as pointed out the importance of having a energy sources, technologies, transportation, debate on how we ourselves in the climate Why has the climate movement been unable construction, farming, consumption patterns, movement manage to mobilize people for to win the support of the general public for and so forth? This is the central issue for change. this kind of change? the climate justice movement, besides The perception of the climate challenge ensuing everyone’s right to a supportive In a highly readable reflection on Copenhagen, in rich countries has tended to become natural environment. Indeed, the former Tom Athanasiou from Ecoequity claims individualized and the need for genuinely is a prerequisite for achieving the latter. In that “the northern climate movement” has popular mobilization on a grassroots and retrospect it is not hard to understand that “quite failed to explain the structure of the democratic level is often forgotten when the UN meeting in Copenhagen failed largely global climate justice problem to the broader individual consumption becomes the focal because the climate movement had not yet population.” Athanasiou is one of the people point of “climate action awareness.” There is succeeded in creating the political forms and behind the concept of so-called greenhouse also a tendency to focus too much on what conditions for such participation. development rights – an attempt at analyzing is done on a higher level, like the nation- Thus if we are to create a powerful the rights and obligations of people in state or international institutions. This turns movement for a just and ecologically sound “carbon-constrained world.” climate activism into lobbyism, and the transition in rich countries, we have to Working with this concept Friends of the struggle for climate justice into a very non- assume the responsibility of contributing to a Earth Europe found out that in total, the inclusive project. participatory democracy where broad sectors member states of the European Union are When climate issues becomes a question of of the population are included in taking care indebted to decrease their climate emissions either individual lifestyle or lobbying, climate of a climate friendly social development – a by at least 40 percent in 2020 (compared to justice – or the rights-and-duties-perspective responsibility that politicians or business the level of emissions in 1990). Before 2050 – often get too weakly articulated. Often, leaders evidently do not want to assume the emissions have to be reduced by 90 per it also implies a neglect of a participatory responsibility for today. Only in this way cent or more. At the same time they should process to cope with climate change – that is, can we create the pressure that is needed contribute about 150 to 450 billion Euros a the equal right of everyone to participate in to force the political establishment towards year to sustainable development in so-called a democratic process regarding these issues. some substantial steps during the coming “developing” countries. The climate movement is in other words international summits. And only this way The overall analysis of Friends of the Earth reduced to a movement made for two sorts can we hope to further a popular movement is sound. In order to respect basic human of specialists: Lifestyle activists and lobbyists. for more far-reaching, systemic changes. • 4 COMMUNALISM OUR MOVEMENT CHALLENGES FOR OUR MOVEMENT New Books from Moving Forward Communalism Press: Social ecology is a bold attempt to answer the crises of our time. With a new outlook as well as a new politics it seeks to regenerate society and its Powerful Narrative of Anti-Jewish Riots in Oslo relationship to the natural world. However, the far-reaching ambitions of social ecology seldom correspond to the reality we face.
Recommended publications
  • Moving Labor Power and Historical Forms of Migration: the Internationalist Socialist Worker, the Social Benefit Tourist and the Economic Migrant

    Moving Labor Power and Historical Forms of Migration: the Internationalist Socialist Worker, the Social Benefit Tourist and the Economic Migrant

    Moving Labor Power and Historical Forms of Migration: The Internationalist Socialist Worker, the Social Benefit Tourist and the Economic Migrant By Raia Apostolova Submitted to Central European University Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisors: Professor Prem Kumar Rajaram Professor Dan Rabinowitz Budapest, Hungary CEU eTD Collection 2017 Statement I hereby state that this dissertation contains no materials accepted for any other degrees in any other institutions. The thesis contains no material previously written and/or published by another person, except where appropriate acknowledgment is made in the form of bibliographical reference. Budapest, September 31, 2017 CEU eTD Collection Table of Contents INTRODUCTION FORMS OF MOVEMENT .................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER ONE THE METHODOLOGY BEHIND MOVING LABOR POWER .......................... 10 1.1. What is Moving Labor Power?.............................................................................................. 10 1.2. Methodological Liberalism: Liberal Philisophy and the Praxis of Movement ..................... 12 1.3. Approaching Movement from the Point of View of Labor Power ......................................... 22 1.4. Movement: The Potentiality and Actuality of Capitalism ..................................................... 31 1.5. Organized and Anarchic Forms of Migration ......................................................................
  • FREE to MOVE the Costs and Consequences of Restrictions on Migration

    FREE to MOVE the Costs and Consequences of Restrictions on Migration

    IEA Discussion Paper No.77 FREE TO MOVE The costs and consequences of restrictions on migration Philippe Legrain November 2016 Institute of Economic Aairs With some exceptions, such as with the publication of lectures, IEA Discussion Papers are blind peer-reviewed by at least one academic or researcher who is an expert in the field. As with all IEA publications, the views expressed in IEA Discussion Papers are those of the author and not those of the Institute (which has no corporate view), its managing trustees, Academic Advisory Council or senior staff. 3 Contents About the author 04 Summary 06 Introduction 08 Problems 10 Solutions 35 Pathways 44 References 49 4 About the author 5 Philippe Legrain is a senior visiting fellow at the London School of Economics’ European Institute and the founder of Open Political Economy Network (OPEN), an international think-tank focused on international political economy and openness issues. A columnist for Project Syndicate, Foreign Policy and CapX, he commentates for a wide range of international media outlets. From 2011–14 he was economic adviser to European Commission President José Manuel Barroso and head of the team providing the president with strategic policy advice. Previously, he was special adviser to World Trade Organisation Director-General Mike Moore and trade and economics correspondent for The Economist. Philippe is the author of four critically acclaimed books, including Immigrants: Your Country Needs Them (2007), which was shortlisted for the Financial Times Business Book of the Year award. His first study for OPEN is Refugees Work: A humanitarian investment that yields economic dividends (2016).
  • Open Borders in the European Union and Beyond: Migration Flows and Labor Market Implications

    Open Borders in the European Union and Beyond: Migration Flows and Labor Market Implications

    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES OPEN BORDERS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND BEYOND: MIGRATION FLOWS AND LABOR MARKET IMPLICATIONS John Kennan Working Paper 23048 http://www.nber.org/papers/w23048 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 January 2017 This paper was presented at the Economic Policy Panel meeting in Florence, October 2015. I thank Sascha Becker, Ted Bergstrom, Gino Gancia, Richard Lipsey and many seminar participants for helpful comments. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2017 by John Kennan. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Open Borders in the European Union and Beyond: Migration Flows and Labor Market Implications John Kennan NBER Working Paper No. 23048 January 2017 JEL No. E25,F22,J61 ABSTRACT In 2004, the European Union admitted 10 new countries, and wages in these countries were generally well below the levels in the existing member countries. Citizens of these newly- admitted countries were subsequently free to take jobs anywhere in the EU, and many did so. In 2015, a large number of refugees from Syria and other broken countries sought to migrate to EU countries (along very dangerous routes), and these refugees were met with fierce resistance, at least in some places.
  • ANTI-AUTHORITARIAN INTERVENTIONS in DEMOCRATIC THEORY by BRIAN CARL BERNHARDT B.A., James Madison University, 2005 M.A., University of Colorado at Boulder, 2010

    ANTI-AUTHORITARIAN INTERVENTIONS in DEMOCRATIC THEORY by BRIAN CARL BERNHARDT B.A., James Madison University, 2005 M.A., University of Colorado at Boulder, 2010

    BEYOND THE DEMOCRATIC STATE: ANTI-AUTHORITARIAN INTERVENTIONS IN DEMOCRATIC THEORY by BRIAN CARL BERNHARDT B.A., James Madison University, 2005 M.A., University of Colorado at Boulder, 2010 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science 2014 This thesis entitled: Beyond the Democratic State: Anti-Authoritarian Interventions in Democratic Theory written by Brian Carl Bernhardt has been approved for the Department of Political Science Steven Vanderheiden, Chair Michaele Ferguson David Mapel James Martel Alison Jaggar Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we Find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards Of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. Bernhardt, Brian Carl (Ph.D., Political Science) Beyond the Democratic State: Anti-Authoritarian Interventions in Democratic Theory Thesis directed by Associate Professor Steven Vanderheiden Though democracy has achieved widespread global popularity, its meaning has become increasingly vacuous and citizen confidence in democratic governments continues to erode. I respond to this tension by articulating a vision of democracy inspired by anti-authoritarian theory and social movement practice. By anti-authoritarian, I mean a commitment to individual liberty, a skepticism toward centralized power, and a belief in the capacity of self-organization. This dissertation fosters a conversation between an anti-authoritarian perspective and democratic theory: What would an account of democracy that begins from these three commitments look like? In the first two chapters, I develop an anti-authoritarian account of freedom and power.
  • Notes to Understand Migration Policy with International Trade Theoretical Tools

    Notes to Understand Migration Policy with International Trade Theoretical Tools

    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Cebreros, Alfonso; Chiquiar, Daniel; Roa, Mónica; Tobal, Martín Working Paper Notes to understand migration policy with international trade theoretical tools Working Papers, No. 2017-03 Provided in Cooperation with: Bank of Mexico, Mexico City Suggested Citation: Cebreros, Alfonso; Chiquiar, Daniel; Roa, Mónica; Tobal, Martín (2017) : Notes to understand migration policy with international trade theoretical tools, Working Papers, No. 2017-03, Banco de México, Ciudad de México This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/174456 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen
  • The Rise of Ethical Anarchism in Britain, 1885-1900

    The Rise of Ethical Anarchism in Britain, 1885-1900

    1 e[/]pater 2 sie[\]cle THE RISE OF ETHICAL ANARCHISM IN BRITAIN 1885-1900 By Mark Bevir Department of Politics Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU U.K. ABSTRACT In the nineteenth century, anarchists were strict individualists favouring clandestine organisation and violent revolution: in the twentieth century, they have been romantic communalists favouring moral experiments and sexual liberation. This essay examines the growth of this ethical anarchism in Britain in the late nineteenth century, as exemplified by the Freedom Group and the Tolstoyans. These anarchists adopted the moral and even religious concerns of groups such as the Fellowship of the New Life. Their anarchist theory resembled the beliefs of counter-cultural groups such as the aesthetes more closely than it did earlier forms of anarchism. And this theory led them into the movements for sex reform and communal living. 1 THE RISE OF ETHICAL ANARCHISM IN BRITAIN 1885-1900 Art for art's sake had come to its logical conclusion in decadence . More recent devotees have adopted the expressive phase: art for life's sake. It is probable that the decadents meant much the same thing, but they saw life as intensive and individual, whereas the later view is universal in scope. It roams extensively over humanity, realising the collective soul. [Holbrook Jackson, The Eighteen Nineties (London: G. Richards, 1913), p. 196] To the Victorians, anarchism was an individualist doctrine found in clandestine organisations of violent revolutionaries. By the outbreak of the First World War, another very different type of anarchism was becoming equally well recognised. The new anarchists still opposed the very idea of the state, but they were communalists not individualists, and they sought to realise their ideal peacefully through personal example and moral education, not violently through acts of terror and a general uprising.
  • Charlotte Wilson, the ''Woman Question'', and the Meanings of Anarchist Socialism in Late Victorian Radicalism

    Charlotte Wilson, the ''Woman Question'', and the Meanings of Anarchist Socialism in Late Victorian Radicalism

    IRSH, Page 1 of 34. doi:10.1017/S0020859011000757 r 2011 Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis Charlotte Wilson, the ‘‘Woman Question’’, and the Meanings of Anarchist Socialism in Late Victorian Radicalism S USAN H INELY Department of History, State University of New York at Stony Brook E-mail: [email protected] SUMMARY: Recent literature on radical movements in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries has re-cast this period as a key stage of contemporary globali- zation, one in which ideological formulations and radical alliances were fluid and did not fall neatly into the categories traditionally assigned by political history. The following analysis of Charlotte Wilson’s anarchist political ideas and activism in late Victorian Britain is an intervention in this new historiography that both supports the thesis of global ideological heterogeneity and supplements it by revealing the challenge to sexual hierarchy that coursed through many of these radical cross- currents. The unexpected alliances Wilson formed in pursuit of her understanding of anarchist socialism underscore the protean nature of radical politics but also show an over-arching consensus that united these disparate groups, a common vision of the socialist future in which the fundamental but oppositional values of self and society would merge. This consensus arguably allowed Wilson’s gendered definition of anarchism to adapt to new terms as she and other socialist women pursued their radical vision as activists in the pre-war women’s movement. INTRODUCTION London in the last decades of the nineteenth century was a global crossroads and political haven for a large number of radical activists and theorists, many of whom were identified with the anarchist school of socialist thought.
  • Social Ecology and Communalism

    Social Ecology and Communalism

    Murray Bookchin Bookchin Murray $ 12,95 / £ xx,xx Social Ecology and Communalism Replace this text Murray Bookchin ocial cology Social Ecology and Communalism and Communalism Social Ecology S E and Communalism AK Press Social Ecology and Communalism Murray Bookchin Social Ecology and Communalism Bookchin, Murray Social Ecology and Communalism Library of Congress Control Number 2006933557 ISBN 978-1-904859-49-9 Published by AK Press © Eirik Eiglad and Murray Bookchin 2006 AK Press 674–A 23rd St. Oakland, CA 94612 USA www.akpress.org [email protected] AK Press UK PO Box 12766 Edinburgh, EH8 9YE Scotland (0131) 555–5165 www.akuk.com [email protected] Design and layout by Eirik Eiglad Contents An Introduction to Social Ecology and Communalism 7 What is Social Ecology? 19 Radical Politics in an Era of Advanced Capitalism 53 The Role of Social Ecology in a Period of Reaction 68 The Communalist Project 77 After Murray Bookchin 117 An Introduction to Social Ecology and Communalism We are standing at a crucial crossroads. Not only does the age- old “social question” concerning the exploitation of human labor remain unresolved, but the plundering of natural resources has reached a point where humanity is also forced to politically deal with an “ecological question.” Today, we have to make conscious choices about what direction society should take, to properly meet these challenges. At the same time, we see that our very ability to make the necessary choices are being undermined by an incessant centralization of economic and political power. Not only is there a process of centralization in most modern nation states that divests humanity of any control over social affairs, but power is also gradually being transferred to transnational institutions.
  • Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei

    Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei

    Uationalsozialistisclie deutsche Arbeiterpartei. Peidisgescltåstsstelle München Der Führer: Adolf Hitler zugleich Oberster SA.-Führer. Der chef der Kanzlel des 7äl1rers der USDAP. Der Peicltsorganisationslelter der UFDAP. und Reichsleiter Philipp Bouhler, Berlin W 8, Boßstraße l. Leiter der Deutschen Ärbeitsfrontr Die Kandel des Tülirers der UFDAP.: Reichsleiter Dr. Robert Leh, München, Barerstraße 15. Amt l. Persönliche Angelegenheiten des Führers und Hauptorganisationsamt — Qrganisationsleitung Sonderaufgaben. der Reichsparteitage — Hauplpersonalamt — Haupt- Amt ll. Bearbeitung von Eingaben, die die NSDAP., schulungsamt — Ordensburgen der NSDAP. — ihre Gliederungen und angeschlossenen Ber- Hauptamt NSBQ — Hauptamt für Handwerk und biinde, sowie die Stellen des Reiches und der Handel. Länder betreffen. Amt Ill. Bearbeitung von Gnadensachen von Ange- hörigen der Bewegung- Der Peitlissclratzmeister der UFDÄP·: Amth. Bearbeitung von sozialtvirtschaftlichen Ange- Reichsleiter Franz Xader Schwarz, München, Arri- legenheiten und Gesuchen sozialer Art- straße 10. Amt V. Personals und Berkoaltungsangelegenheiten Finanzoerroaltung Reichshaushaltamt Neichsrechnungsamt — Verwaltungsamt — Rechts- Der Stellvertreter cles Mitvers- amt — Reichsreoisionsamt —- Hilfskasse der NSDAP. Rudolf Heß, München, Braunes Haus,B1-ienner- Aeichszeugmeisterei Sonderbeaustragte des strasze 44. Reichsschatzmeisters. Die Peidtslelter der UFDAP.: Arnann Max, Reichsleiter der Presse· Der Peichspropaganclaleiter der UFDAP.: Bormann Martin, Stabsletter des Stellvertreters
  • Open Trade, Closed Borders: Immigration in the Era of Globalization

    Open Trade, Closed Borders: Immigration in the Era of Globalization

    Open Trade, Closed Borders: Immigration in the Era of Globalization Margaret E. Peters1 Yale University Forthcoming: World Politics Accepted 17 June 2014 Abstract This paper argues that trade and immigration policy cannot be studied as separate policies but instead scholars must take an integrated view of these two foreign economic policies. Trade and immigration policy are substitutes. The choice of trade policy affects immigration policy in labor scarce countries through its effects on firms. Closure to trade increases the average firm level demand for immigration, leading to immigration openness, and free trade decreases the average firm demand, leading to restricted immigration. To test this argument, I develop a new dataset on the immigration policies of 19 states from the late 18th century through the early 21st century. This is one of the few datasets on immigration policy and is the only one to cover the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries. The data show that indeed, trade policy has the hypothesized effect on immigration; immigration policy cannot be fully understood without examining trade policy. This paper, therefore, suggests that trade and other foreign economic policies should be examined in light of immigration policy and each other as well. 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Yale University, 115 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06520; [email protected]. I would like to thank the editors and anonymous reviewers for their comments. I would like to thank Judith Goldstein for her comments on several drafts as well as financial support for the project. I would also like to thank Michael Tomz, Kenneth Schultz, James Fearon, Jon Pevehouse, Jeffery Colgan, Ashley Jester, Andrew Kerner, James Morrison, Molly Roberts, David Steinberg and Felicity Vabulas for their comments and suggestions as well.
  • Blueprint for America

    Blueprint for America

    CPTERhA 9 TAR dE ANd IMMIGRATIoN John H. Cochrane ix months of xenophobic political bloviation do not overturn S centuries of experience. Trade and immigration are good for the US economy. As Adam Smith and David Ricardo explained two centuries ago, it is better for England to make wool and Portugal to make wine, and to trade, than for each country to do both. English wine-makers likely disagreed. The founders understood the benefits of immigration, com- plaining in the Declaration of Independence that King George “. has endeavored to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreign- ers; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither.” Their Constitution brilliantly forbids internal protectionism against the movement of goods and people, setting up the world’s largest free trade and free migration zone and, not coincidentally, what became the wealthiest nation on Earth. Two centuries of economic scholarship have only deepened and reinforced these lessons. We now recognize that much trade occurs among similar countries: the United States and Canada, not England and Portugal. This fact tells us that specialization of production and knowledge, the dizzying variety of goods a mod- ern economy produces, and increasing returns are deeper sources of trade patterns than simple facts like British vs. Portuguese weather. But the fact that your car—even an “American” one—is 109 Copyright © 2016 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. 110 blueprint for america produced from parts made in a hundred different countries re- mains vital to the low cost and high quality of the car you buy today.
  • Bookchin's Libertarian Municipalism

    Bookchin's Libertarian Municipalism

    BOOKCHIN’S LIBERTARIAN MUNICIPALISM Janet BIEHL1 ABSTRACT: The purpose of this article is to present the Libertarian Municipalism Theory developed by Murray Bookchin. The text is divided into two sections. The first section presents the main precepts of Libertarian Municipalism. The second section shows how Bookchin’s ideas reached Rojava in Syria and is influencing the political organization of the region by the Kurds. The article used the descriptive methodology and was based on the works of Murray Bookchin and field research conducted by the author over the years. KEYWORDS: Murray Bookchin. Libertarian Municipalism. Rojava. Introduction The lifelong project of the American social theorist Murray Bookchin (1921-2006) was to try to perpetuate the centuries-old revolutionary socialist tradition. Born to socialist revolutionary parents in the Bronx, New York, he joined the international Communist movement as a Young Pioneer in 1930 and trained to become a young commissar for the coming proletarian revolution. Impatient with traditional secondary education, he received a thoroughgoing education in Marxism-Leninism at the Workers School in lower Manhattan, immersing himself in dialectical materialism and the labor theory of value. But by the time Stalin’s Soviet Union formed a pact with Nazi Germany (in the sum- mer of 1939), he cut his ties with the party to join the Trotskyists, who expected World War II to end in international proletarian revolutions. When the war 1 Janet Biehl is an American political writer who is the author of numerous books and articles associated with social ecology, the body of ideas developed and publicized by Murray Bookchin.