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Amelanchier Alnifolia (Saskatoon Berry, Juneberry) – a New Berry Crop with Good Perspectives for Commercial Cultivation Agenda

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Amelanchier Alnifolia (Saskatoon Berry, Juneberry) – a New Berry Crop with Good Perspectives for Commercial Cultivation Agenda Amelanchier alnifolia (Saskatoon berry, juneberry) – a new berry crop with good perspectives for commercial cultivation Agenda: 1. Systematics and the origin of the species 2. Description and characteristics of selected species 3. Saskatoon Berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) 4. Characteristics and the use of fruit 5. Growing of Saskatoon Berry in Canada 6. The possibility of Saskatoon Berry cultivation in Georgia Agenda: 1. Systematics and the origin of the species Amelanchier (/æməˈlænʃɪər/ am-ə-LAN-sheer),also known as shadbush, shadwood or shadblow, serviceberry or sarvisberry, or just sarvis, juneberry, saskatoon, sugarplum or wild-plum,[2] and chuckley pear[3] is a genus of about 20 species of deciduous-leaved shrubs and small trees in the rose family (Rosaceae). Amelanchier alnifolia Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. A. a. var. semiintegrifolia at Icicle Canyon, Chelan County Washington Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Natural range of Amelanchier Order: Rosales alnifolia [1] Family: Rosaceae Synonyms • A. florida Lindl. Genus: Amelanchier • A. pumila (Torr. & A. Gray) Species: A. alnifolia Nutt. ex M. Roem. • Aronia alnifolia Nutt. Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) It is a deciduous shrub or small tree that most often grows to 1–8 m (3–26 ft),[4] rarely to 10 m or 33 ft,[7] in height. Its growth form spans from suckering and forming colonies to clumped. The leaves are oval to nearly circular, 2–5 cm (3⁄4–2 in) long and 1–4.5 cm (1⁄2–13⁄4 in) broad, on a 0.5–2 cm (1⁄4–3⁄4 in) leaf stem, margins toothed mostly above the middle.[3] As with all species in the genus Amelanchier, the flowers are white, with five quite separate petals. In A. alnifolia, they are about 2–3 cm (3⁄4–11⁄4 in) across,[citation needed] and appear on short racemes of three to 20[3] somewhat crowded together, in spring while the new leaves are still expanding. The inflorescences are terminal, with 1–20 flowers, erect or drooping, either in clusters of one to four flowers, or in racemes with 4–20 flowers. The flowers have five white (rarely somewhat pink, yellow, or streaked with red), linear to orbiculate petals, 2.6–25 mm long, with the petals in one species (A. nantucketensis) often and ropetalous (bearing apical microsporangia adaxially). The flowers appear in early spring Fruits are spherical, mostly navy blue or dark blue with bloom, sometimes purple, An average weight of 0.5-0.8 gr, diameter: 10-15 mm (up to 18 mm), The fruits are juicy, very sweet and tasty, They contain a lot of sugar, very little organic acids, high in antioxidants and minerals and vitamins (A, B and C).With high nutritional and health benefit values. The SASKATOON BERRY Popular and widely used by many North American Indian tribes, The fruits were a staple food; along with chokecherry, pincherry, buffaloberry Fresh eating, drying, processing and medicinal use (different parts of shrub: roots, bark, stems/twigs-root tea etc.) Wood to make umbrella handles, fish poles Great source of honey thanks to a strong root system prevents soil erosion Berries contain: – 78-81% moisture The SASKATOON BERRY – Up 19% sugar, mainly glucose and and fructose – Small amount of protein, up to 9% – Small amount of fat, up to 5% – 19% fiber – Malic and citric acid Among the highest antioxidant fruits More vitamin C than blueberries 85 calories per serving 70% of daily value for manganese 67% for biotin 12% for iron Moderate amounts of calcium and potassium Potent antiviral effects observed in research Leaf extract lowers blood sugar in rodent studies Anti-inflammatory The antioxidant capacity of selected fruits The ORAC values show saskatoon berries are naturally high in antioxidants and rank high in both fresh fruit and in fruit pulp relative to other common fruits. THE SASKATOON BERRY VC BLUEBERRY Type (all raw) ORAC Value (per 100g) Goji (fresh, not dried) 3,290 Strawberries 4,302 Table 1 Blueberries 4,669 Table 2 Red raspberries 5,065 Table 3 Blackberries 5,905 Table 4 Mulberries 6,130 Table 5 Wild bilberries 7,570 Cranberries 9,090 Wild blueberries 9,621 Elderberries 14,697 Juneberries / saskatoons / serviceberries 15,000 Yes that’s right, the berry saskatoon has 220% more antioxidants than blueberries when comparing equal weights of each. They’re an anti-aging and anti- inflammatory powerhouse! Saskatoon Berry - use of the fruit 1. Fresh fruit (dessert): 5$< per lb a/ U-pick (PYO) b/ fruit markets Snack Pack c/ retail chains. $11.50 Package contains 5 x Can compete effectively in terms of 40g Dried Saskatoon taste and price, e.g. blueberry Berry pouches. 2. Fruit-processing & freezing industry: a/ widely use in the processing and production of jams, preserves, juices, syrups, ice cream, desserts, wines and liqueurs, etc. b/ buckery – fillings of cakes c/ drying A great addition to the other sour fruits Market Opportunities Fresh, frozen, dried Market Opportunities Baked goods Market Opportunities Ice cream Market Opportunities jam, vinaigrettes, neutraceuticals, syrup Market Opportunities Juices, sodas, beer, wine, liquor Market Opportunities dies/colorings, incorporated into meat products (sausage, meat sauce) Meet the Saskatoons Growing Requirements 2000-2500 bushes per Ha Planting density 4,5x0,8x1,0 m Plant while dormant Soil type: sandy loam is best pH 5.5 – 7 Production starts 3-4 year after planting Production per bush 6-10 kg About 90 days chilling requirement for fruiting Hardy bushes can bear for 30 years or more Saskatoon Berry (Amelanchier alnifolia) commercial cultivars Propagation: 1. Seed propagation (least expensive but high variability among seedlings up 30%) - not acceptable for commercial plantings 2. Grafting (on Cotoneaster, Malus, Pyrus), however significant % incompatibility 3. Divisions of root cuttings, suckers, hardwood cuttings - low success 4. Softwood cuttings - good success in some cultivars 5. Tissue Culture (in vitro) – recently the most popular Types of Costs Land Preparation ▪ Already Own, Buy, Lease Plants Water sources ▪ Well & Pump, spray truck Irrigation Transplanter, Tractor, Harvester, Mower, Fertilizer Row Mulcher, Sprayer Pesticides ▪ Own, Buy, Borrow, Rent, Subcontract Pole building / Storage Building(s) Weed Control: mulch (wood or plastic) Fruit Cooler, Freezer Grasses During The Establishment Years During the Productive Years Pruning & equipment Bird Netting Fertilizer Truck / Transportation Costs Pesticides Mowing Prospects for cultivation in Europe and in Georgia In Europe(incl. Poland), Saskatoon Berry is still very little known and not widespread in the cultivation, We can expect great interest in cultivation of the Saskatoon Berry by the growers (and amateurs) similar to: - the dynamic development of growing Aronia and blueberries, - as well as the emergence of new opportunities for the export of Saskatoon fruits for the European Union market, - and the fact of the merging by Saskatoon fruits the positive characteristics of both species mentioned above, i.e. the ease way of Aronia growing and/with good taste value of blueberries, It seems that there is a large potential for the development of Saskatoon Berry as the new crop for dessert fruit and processing, provided growers profitable prices. SASKATOON BERRY - new crop for commercial cultivation in Georgia Well adapts and grows in a variety of environments, with the exception of extremely dry and wet locations, Plants are much less soil requirements than high-bush blueberry Plants with high frost resistance, withstand winter temperatures down to -30°C, and flowers are tolerant to the late spring frosts, Bloom is in the beginning – middle of May, Plants are self-pollinating and self-fertile, Fruit ripens before 15 June to mid-July, SASKATOON BERRY - new crop for commercial cultivation Plants are not infected by diseases and pests, and thus chemical protection is very limited extent, On large commercial plantations 3-5 cultivars are recommended, due to the cross-pollination and extension of fruit harvesting, Spacing planting for machine fruit harvesting: 4.5 x 0.8-1.0 m (about 2.500 /ha, First yields in 3-4th. years, full yields in 6-7th. years after planting and plants can produce 10-15 tons of fruit /ha, Fruit picking on commercial plantations can be done using different types of harvesters, similar or used for blackcurrant. HARVESTING Table 1: Composition of Saskatoon berries and Blueberries - Proximate analysis Table 2: Table 3: Table 4: Table 6:.
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