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Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Scientific Notes 1207 PALMISTICHUS ELAEISIS (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) PARASITIZING PUPAE OF HYPSIPYLA GRANDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) 1,* 1 2 BRUNO ZACHÉ , RONELZA RODRIGUES DA COSTA , JOSÉ COLA ZANUNCİO AND CARLOS FREDERİCO WİLCKEN 1Department of Plant Protection, School of Agronomic Sciences - São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18603-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil 2Department of Animal Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), 36571-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil *Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Py- and coleopteran pupae (Menezes et al. 2012). This ralidae) is distributed throughout Central and parasitoid parasitizes pests in eucalyptus plan- South America (except Chile), and inhabits many tations such as Eupseudosoma involuta (Lepi- Caribbean Islands and the southern tip of Florida doptera: Arctiidae), Euselasia eucerus (Lepidop- (Schabel et al. 1999). Only 1 caterpillar per tree tera: Riodinidae), Sabulodes sp. (Lepidoptera: causes severe damage; and it is the main pest to Geometridae), Thyrinteina arnobia, Thyrinteina meliaceous trees. Larvae attack shoots, leaves, leucoceraea (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), Hylesia stems, fruits and even the trunk of trees of many sp. (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), and Sarsina vio- species of subfamily Swietenoideae, including lascens (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) (Delvare & several mahogany and cedar species (Hilje & Cor- LaSalle 1993; Bittencourt & Berti Filho 1999; nelius 2001). Boring in terminal shoots of young Pereira et al. 2008; Zanuncio et al. 2008; Soares big leaf mahogany, Swietenia macrophylla King et al. 2009; Zaché et al. 2012). breaks apical dominance, causing forking of the The objective of this study was to evaluate the stems and excessive production of lateral branch- parasitism of P. elaeisis on H. grandella pupae. es (Howard & Giblin-Davis 1997; Schabel et al. The experiment was conducted in laboratory con- 1999). The use of systemic insecticides injected ditions. into the trunk has shown effective control of H. Parasitoids were originally collected from pu- grandella, but chemical control in forest plan- pae of E. eucerus from eucalyptus plantations tations is unfeasible due to potentially adverse at Lençois Paulista, São Paulo State, Brazil, in environmental effects and high costs (Zanuncio 2011. Thereafter, a laboratory colony was main- et al. 1994). Thus, biological control through the tained using Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) introduction or augmentation of predators, para- (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as the host. Hypsipyla sitoids and/or pathogens, could be an important grandella was reared under controlled conditions tool (Silva 2000). Taveras et al. (2004) reported 4 on S. macrophylla plants until the pupal stage in parasitoid species in Costa Rica, but their effect a room mantained at 26 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 10% RH and on H. grandella abundance was negligible. 12:12 h L:D. Pupae were individually placed in Palmistichus elaeisis (Delvare & LaSalle 1993) glass tubes (14 cm L × 2 cm diam, covered with (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) (Fig. 1) is a general- “voile” fabric) containing 20 mated P. elaeisis ist and gregarious endoparasitoid of lepidopteran females fed on pure honey that were placed in- Fig. 1. Palmistichus elaeisis female parasitizing a Hypsipyla grandella pupa (a); parasitoid emergence hole (b). 1208 Florida Entomologist 96(3) September 2013 side the tubes 24 h before. Pupae were exposed DELVARE, G., AND LASALLE, J. A. 1993. New genus of to parasitoids for 72 h and then placed in plastic Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from the trays in a climatized room at 25 ± 2 °C, 70% RH Neotropical region, with the description of a new and 12:12 h L:D until adult emergence. Twenty species parasitica on key pests of oil palm. J. Nat. Hist. London 27(1): 435-444. H. grandella pupae were exposed to P. elaeisis. HILJE, L., AND CORNELIUS, J. 2001. Es inmanejable Parasitoids emerged 24 days later. Parasitism Hypsipyla grandella como plaga forestal ? Manejo reached 80%, with an emergence rate of 70%; 79.1 Integrado de Plagas (Costa Rica). Hoja Técnica No. ± 1.3 (SE) adult parasitoids emerged per parasit- 38(18): 1-4. ized pupa. The generalist behavior and mass pro- HOWARD, F. W., AND GIBLIN-DAVIS, R. M. 1997. The sea- duction capabilities characterize P. elaeisis as a sonal abundance and feeding damage of Hypsipyla promising agent for use in control of lepidopteran grandella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in seed capsules pests. Research is underway to design mass rear- of Swietenia mahagoni in Florida. Florida Entomol. ing and release techniques for field evaluations 80(1): 34-41. MENEZES, C. W. G., SOARES, M. A., SANTOS, J. B., AS- and potential use of P. elaeisis in mahogany shoot SIS JÚNIOR, S. L., FONSECA, A. J., AND ZANUNCIO, J. borer control. C. 2012. Reproductive and toxicological impacts of herbicides used in Eucalyptus culture in Brazil on SUMMARY the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Weed Res. 52(6): 479-576. This is the first report ofPalmistichus elaei- PEREİRA, F. F., ZANUNCIİO, J. C., SERRÃO, J. E., OLİVEİRA, sis (Delvare & LaSalle) (Hymenoptera: Eulophi- H. N., FÁVERO, K., AND GRANCE, A. L. 2008. Progênie dae), a generalist pupal parasitoid of Lepidoptera de Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle (Hyme- noptera: Eulophidae) Parasitando Pupas de Bombyx and Coleoptera, parasitizing pupae of Hypsipyla mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) de Diferentes grandella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a ma- Idades. Neotrop. Entomol. 38(5): 660-664. jor forest pest in Latin America and the Carib- SCHABEL, H., HILJE, L., NAIR, K. S. S., AND VARMA, R. V. bean. This finding offers new perspectives for the 1999. Economic entomology in tropical forest planta- use of parasitoids in biological control programs tions: An update. J. Tropical For. Sci. 11(1): 303-315 against pests of mahogany and cedar species in SILVA, C. A. D. 2000. Microorganismos entomopatogêni- Latin America and the Caribbean. cos associados a insetos e ácaros do algodoeiro. EM- Keywords: mahogany shoot borer, pupal para- BRAPA-CNPA, Campina Grande, Paraíba. Doc. No. sitoid; Eulophidae, plant protection. 77. SOARES, M. A., GUTIERREZ, C. T., ZANUNCIO, J. C., PE- DROSA, A. R. P., AND LORENZON, A. S. 2009. Super- RESUMO parasitism by Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and defense behaviors of two hosts. Rev. Este trabalho relata a primeira ocorrência do Colombiana Entomol. 35(1): 62-65. parasitoide Palmistichus elaeisis (Delvare & La- TAVERAS, R., HILJE, L., HANSON, P., MEXZON, Salle) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) um parasitoi- R.,CARBALLO, M., AND NAVARRO, C. 2004. Popula- de de Lepidoptera e Coleoptera parasitando pu- tion trends and damage patterns of Hypsipyla gran- della (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in a mahogany stand, pas de Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: in Turrialba, Costa Rica. Agr. For. Entomol. 6: 89-98. Pyralidae), Esta descoberta abre novas possibili- ZACHÉ, B., ZACHÉ, R. R. C., AND WIİLCKEN, C. F. 2012. dades para o uso de parasitoides em programas Evaluation of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & La- de controle biológico, visando a gestão desta im- Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as Parasitoid of portante praga de espécies de mogno e cedro, na the Sarsina violascens Herrich-Schaeffer (Lepidop- América Latina e no Caribe tera: Lymantriidae). J. Plant Studies. 1(1): 86-89. Palavras Chave: broca das meliáceas, parasi- ZANUNCIO, J. C., NASCIMENTO, E. C., GARCİA, J. F., AND toide pupal; Eulophidae, proteção de plantas ZANUNCİO, T. 1994. Major lepidopterous defoliators of eucalyptus, in the Southeast Brazil. For. Ecol. Mgt. 65: 53-63. REFERENCES CITED ZANUNCIO, J. C., PEREIRA, F. F., JACQUES, G. C., TA- VARES, M. T., AND SERRÃO, J. E. 2008. Tenebrio mo- BİTTENCOURT, M. A. L., AND BERTİ-FİLHO. 1999. Prefer- litor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), a new ência de Palmistichus elaeisis por pupas de diferen- alternative host to rear the pupae parasitoid Palm- tes lepidópteros praga. Scientia Agricola, Piracicaba. istichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: 56(4): 1281-1283. Eulophidae). Coleopts Bull. 62: 64-66..
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