DOCSLIB.ORG

Sikkim University

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sikkim University GENETIC ANALYSIS OF L - DOPA TRAIT IN MUCUNA PRURIENS (L.) DC. Submitted To Sikkim University In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By PANKAJ KUMAR TRIPATHI Department of Botany School of Life Sciences August 2018 Gangtok – 737102, Sikkim, India CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Ph.D thesis entitled “GENETIC ANALYSIS OF L-DOPA TRAIT IN MUCUNA PRURIENS (L.) DC.” submitted to Sikkim University in partial fulfilment for the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Botany embodies the research work carried out by Mr. PANKAJ KUMAR TRIPATHI at the Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University. It is a record of bona fide investigation carried out and completed by him under my supervision. He has followed the rules and regulations prescribed by the University. The results are original and have not been submitted anywhere else for any other degree or diploma. It is recommended that this Ph.D thesis be placed before the examiners for the evaluation. PROF. N. SATHYANARAYANA Ph.D Supervisor Department of Botany School of Life Sciences Sikkim University, Gangtok Place: Gangtok Date: 27/08/2018 i CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Ph.D thesis entitled “GENETIC ANALYSIS OF L-DOPA TRAIT IN MUCUNA PRURIENS (L.) DC.” submitted to Sikkim University in partial fulfilment for the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Botany embodies the research work carried out by Mr. PANKAJ KUMAR TRIPATHI at the Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University under the supervision of Prof. N. Sathyanarayana. The results are original and have not been submitted anywhere else for any other degree or diploma. It is recommended that this Ph.D thesis be placed before the examiners for the evaluation. DR. DHANI RAJ CHHETRI Head, Dept. of Botany School of Life Sciences Sikkim University, Gangtok Place: Gangtok Date: 27/08/2018 ii DECLARATION I declare that the present Ph.D thesis entitled “GENETIC ANALYSIS OF L-DOPA TRAIT IN MUCUNA PRURIENS (L.) DC.” submitted by me for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (BOTANY) is a bona fide research work carried out be me at the Department of Botany, Sikkim University under the supervision of Prof. N. Sathyanarayana. The thesis contains no material which has been accepted for a degree or diploma of any other University or Institution, except by way of background information and duly acknowledged in the thesis, and to the best of my knowledge and belief no material previously published or written by another person except where due acknowledgement is made in the text of the thesis, nor does the thesis contain any material that infringes copyright. PANKAJ KUMAR TRIPATHI Registration No.: 13SU12337 Ph.D Scholar Department of Botany School of Life Sciences Sikkim University, Gangtok Place: Gangtok Date: 27/08/2018 iii Date: 27/08/2018 PLAGIARISM CHECK CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the plagiarism check has been carried out for the following Ph.D thesis with help of URKUND SOFTWARE. “GENETIC ANALYSIS OF L - DOPA TRAIT IN MUCUNA PRURIENS (L.) DC.” The result is within the permissible limit decided by the Sikkim University. PANKAJ KUMAR TRIPATHI Ph.D student PROF. N. SATHYANARAYANA Research Supervisor iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I owe my whole-hearted thanks to Lord Almighty who has provided so many helping hands to complete this piece of work successfully. I would like to convey my deep sense of gratitude and sincere thanks to my guide Prof N. Sathyanarayana, Department of Botany, Sikkim University for his expert guidance, sustained thought, encouragement, timely suggestion and invaluable help during the course of this study and in the preparation of the thesis. In spite of his many other commitments, he used to review my thesis progress, gave his valuable suggestions and made corrections. I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Dhani Raj Chhetri, Head, Department of Botany, Sikkim University for support and facilities provided in completing the present investigation. I also thank all the faculty members of the Department of Botany for their timely help during the course of my research work. My sincere thanks to Hon. Vice-Chancellor, Sikkim University for providing lab facilities and botanical garden for my research work. I extend my profound gratitude to the authorities of Sikkim University for the award of UGC Non-NET Fellowship. I express my sincere thanks to Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Govt. of India, New Delhi for providing financial support in the form of Senior Research Fellowship under the Project “DNA fingerprinting of important germplasm, assessment of genetic diversity and identification of elite parental lines for trait specific breeding in velvet bean (M. pruriens)” undertaken by Prof. N. Sathyanarayana. I express my whole hearted thanks and gratefulness to Prof. T. S. Rana, Senior Principal Scientist, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow for his invaluable help in AFLP analysis. I sincerely thank Dr. S. N. Jena, Senior Scientist and Mr. Ravi Prakash Shukla, Ph. D Scholar, CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow for their help in AFLP analysis. v I also thank Dr. Biswajeet Gopal Roy, Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Sikkim University for his help in L-Dopa analysis. I express my cheerful thanks to Mr. Deepak Chettri and Mr. Roshan Rai, Dept. of Botany, Sikkim University for their help all throughout my study. Mr. Pittala Ranjith Kumar who was my colleague, friend and roommate shared precious time with me and helped greatly in experiment designing, field work and survey. I sincerely thank him for his support both in professional and personal matters. I also thank Mr. Sai Sundeep Y who helped me in survey and collection. I consider it as a pleasure to express my deep sense of gratitude to my friends - Dawa Lhendup Lepcha, Nima Tshering Lepcha, Patrush Lepcha, Aditya Pradhan, Shubhakar Gurung, Ashish Rai, Hemant Sharma, Aita Rani Subba, Alice Rachel Subba, Raksha Mukhia, Puja Shashankar and Abhijeet Chhetri. My sincere thanks are also due to my friends Mr. Bhusan Gurung, Mr. Lalit Chaurasia and Mr. Ishfaq Nabi for their helping hand. I thank Hostel warden, Sikkim University who made my stay in the hostel most comfortable. I also extend my thanks to the authors of the research articles referred during this research work. I thank all my teachers and friends who have come across in this journey of my research career directly or indirectly. I find no words to express my sincere thanks to Ms. Poonam Mishra for her moral support and encouragement throughout the course of my research work. Last but not the least, my beloved parents and sisters; honestly I am lucky to have you in all my odds as well as happy experiences throughout my life. Your moral support, love and care turned out to be my blessings and I owe a great deal of gratitude in this journey to all of you. Once again I whole heartedly thank one and all who are responsible for completion of my Ph. D work directly or indirectly. (PANKAJ KUMAR TRIPATHI) vi CONTENTS Page No. Certificate from the Supervisor i Certificate from Head of the Department ii Declaration iii Plagiarism check certificate iv Acknowledgements v-vi Contents vii-viii List of Tables ix-xi List of Figures xii-xiii Abbreviations xiv-xvi Symbols xvii Chapters 1. General Introduction 1 1.1 Medicinal plants in healthcare 1-3 1.2 Genetic improvement of medicinal plants 3-6 1.3 Medicinal legumes 6-7 1.4 An overview of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC 8-11 1.5 L-Dopa - The key secondary metabolite 12-16 1.6 Genetic studies 16 1.7 Micropropagation of elite genotypes 16-17 1.8 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers 17 2. Review of Literature 18 2.1 Medicinal legume Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. 18-25 2.2 L-Dopa: Distribution and variability 26-28 2.3 Genetic diversity estimation 29-32 2.4 Genetic studies on L-Dopa and other traits 32-33 2.5 Micropropagation 34-36 3. Objectives 37 vii 4. Materials and Methods 38 4.1 Germplasm collection and characterization 38-44 4.2 Assessment of L-Dopa variability 44-46 4.3 Genetic diversity analysis 47-53 4.4 Genetic analysis of L-Dopa trait 54-58 4.5 Micropropagation of elite genotypes 58-60 5. Results 61 5.1 Germplasm collection and characterization 61-87 5.2 L-Dopa variability and correlation with seed traits 88-91 5.3 Genetic diversity analysis 91-98 5.4 Genetic analysis of L-Dopa trait 98-111 5.5 Micropropagation of elite genotypes 112-115 6. Discussions 116 6.1 Germplasm collection and characterization 116-121 6.2 L-Dopa variability and correlation with seed traits 121-122 6.3 Genetic diversity analysis 122-128 6.4 Genetic analysis of L-Dopa trait 128-131 6.5 Micropropagation of elite genotypes 131-134 7. Summary and Conclusions 135-138 8. Future Prospects 139 9. Bibliography 140-192 10. Publications viii List of Tables Page No. Table- 1 High value drugs derived from medicinal plants 2 Table- 2 Botanical classification of M. pruriens (L.) DC. 8 Table- 3 General characters of M. pruriens 9 Table- 4 Constituents of M. pruriens supporting 11 anti-parkinsonian activity Table- 5 Source of L-Dopa in plants 13 Table- 6 Distribution of L-Dopa in Mucuna species 27 Table- 7 List of descriptors used for M. pruriens characterization 41-42 Table- 8 List of M. pruriens accessions collected 48-49 from northeastern region of India Table- 9a Details of pre-selective primer used 53 for AFLP analysis Table- 9b Details of selective primers used 53 for AFLP analysis Table- 10 L-Dopa content among different parental 54 combinations used for crossing Table- 11 Variability for different qualitative characters 64 Table- 12 Pearson’s correlation analysis for 10 66 qualitative characters Table- 13 Euclidean distance between different AHC classes 68 Table- 14 Affiliation of accessions among different 68-69 AHC classes Table- 15a Descriptive statistics of six yield based traits in 73 50 M.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1977 A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Lackey, James Andrew, "A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) " (1977). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5832. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5832 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Practices of Sacred Natural Sites: a Socio-Religious Approach for Successful Implementation of Primary
    Medicinal practices of sacred natural sites: a socio-religious approach for successful implementation of primary healthcare services Rajasri Ray and Avik Ray Review Correspondence Abstract Rajasri Ray*, Avik Ray Centre for studies in Ethnobiology, Biodiversity and Background: Sacred groves are model systems that Sustainability (CEiBa), Malda - 732103, West have the potential to contribute to rural healthcare Bengal, India owing to their medicinal floral diversity and strong social acceptance. *Corresponding Author: Rajasri Ray; [email protected] Methods: We examined this idea employing ethnomedicinal plants and their application Ethnobotany Research & Applications documented from sacred groves across India. A total 20:34 (2020) of 65 published documents were shortlisted for the Key words: AYUSH; Ethnomedicine; Medicinal plant; preparation of database and statistical analysis. Sacred grove; Spatial fidelity; Tropical diseases Standard ethnobotanical indices and mapping were used to capture the current trend. Background Results: A total of 1247 species from 152 families Human-nature interaction has been long entwined in has been documented for use against eighteen the history of humanity. Apart from deriving natural categories of diseases common in tropical and sub- resources, humans have a deep rooted tradition of tropical landscapes. Though the reported species venerating nature which is extensively observed are clustered around a few widely distributed across continents (Verschuuren 2010). The tradition families, 71% of them are uniquely represented from has attracted attention of researchers and policy- any single biogeographic region. The use of multiple makers for its impact on local ecological and socio- species in treating an ailment, high use value of the economic dynamics. Ethnomedicine that emanated popular plants, and cross-community similarity in from this tradition, deals health issues with nature- disease treatment reflects rich community wisdom to derived resources.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bean Bag
    The Bean Bag A newsletter to promote communication among research scientists concerned with the systematics of the Leguminosae/Fabaceae Issue 62, December 2015 CONTENT Page Letter from the Editor ............................................................................................. 1 In Memory of Charles Robert (Bob) Gunn .............................................................. 2 Reports of 2015 Happenings ................................................................................... 3 A Look into 2016 ..................................................................................................... 5 Legume Shots of the Year ....................................................................................... 6 Legume Bibliography under the Spotlight .............................................................. 7 Publication News from the World of Legume Systematics .................................... 7 LETTER FROM THE EDITOR Dear Bean Bag Fellow This has been a year of many happenings in the legume community as you can appreciate in this issue; starting with organizational changes in the Bean Bag, continuing with sad news from the US where one of the most renowned legume fellows passed away later this year, moving to miscellaneous communications from all corners of the World, and concluding with the traditional list of legume bibliography. Indeed the Bean Bag has undergone some organizational changes. As the new editor, first of all, I would like to thank Dr. Lulu Rico and Dr. Gwilym Lewis very much for kindly
    [Show full text]
  • Agrobotanical, Nutritional and Bioactive Potential of Unconve___
    Agrobotanical, nutritional and bioactive potential of unconventional l... http://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd19/9/srid19126.htm Guide for Livestock Research for Rural Development 19 (9) Citation of preparation of LRRD News 2007 this paper papers Agrobotanical, nutritional and bioactive potential of unconventional legume - Mucuna K R Sridhar and Rajeev Bhat Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri 574 199, Karnataka, India [email protected] Abstract Unconventional legumes are promising in terms of nutrition, providing food security, agricultural development and in crop rotation in developing countries. The wild legume, Mucuna consists of about 100 varieties/accessions and are in great demand as food, livestock feed and pharmaceutically valued products. Mucuna seeds consist of high protein, high carbohydrates, high fiber, low lipids, adequate minerals and meet the requirement of essential aminoacids. The seeds also possess good functional properties and in vitro protein digestibility. Hydrothermal treatments, fermentation and germination have been shown to be most effective in reducing the antinutrients of Mucuna seeds. Several antinutritional compounds of Mucuna seeds serve in health care and considerable interest has been drawn towards their antioxidant properties and potential health benefits. All parts of Mucuna plant are reported to possess useful phytochemicals of high medicinal value of human and veterinary importance and also constitute as an important raw material in Ayurvedic and folk medicines. Mucuna seeds constitute as a good source of several alkaloids, antioxidants, antitumor and antibacterial compounds. Seeds are the major source of L-DOPA, which serve as a potential drug in providing symptomatic relief for Parkinson's disease. As cultivar differences in Mucuna influences the quantity of L-DOPA and lectin in seeds, future investigations should direct towards the selection of germplasm with low L-DOPA and lectin for human and animal consumption, while high L-DOPA for pharmaceutical purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Production--Root Vegetables--Yams Yams
    AU.ENCI FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVILOPME4T FOR AID USE ONLY WASHINGTON. 0 C 20823 A. PRIMARYBIBLIOGRAPHIC INPUT SHEET I. SUBJECT Bbliography Z-AFOO-1587-0000 CL ASSI- 8 SECONDARY FICATIDN Food production and nutrition--Plant production--Root vegetables--Yams 2. TITLE AND SUBTITLE A bibliography of yams and the genus Dioscorea 3. AUTHOR(S) Lawani,S.M.; 0dubanjo,M.0. 4. DOCUMENT DATE IS. NUMBER OF PAGES 6. ARC NUMBER 1976 J 199p. ARC 7. REFERENCE ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS IITA 8. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES (Sponaoring Ordanization, Publlahera, Availability) (No annotations) 9. ABSTRACT This bibliography on yams bring together the scattered literature on the genus Dioscorea from the early nineteenth century through 1975. The 1,562 entries in this bibliography are grouped into 36 subject categories, and arranged within each category alphabetically by author. Some entries, particularly those whose titles are not sufficiently informative, are annotated. The major section titles in the book are as follows: general and reference works; history and eography; social and cultural importance; production and economics; botany including taxonomy, genetics, and breeding); yam growing (including fertilizers and plant nutrition); pests and diseases; storage; processing; chemical composition, nutritive value, and utilization; toxic and pharmacologically active constituents; author index; and subject index. Most entries are in English, with a few in French, Spanish, or German. 10. CONTROL NUMBER I1. PRICE OF DOCUMENT PN-AAC-745 IT. DrSCRIPTORS 13. PROJECT NUMBER Sweet potatoes Yams 14. CONTRACT NUMBER AID/ta-G-1251 GTS 15. TYPE OF DOCUMENT AID 590-1 44-741 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF YAMS AND THE GENUS DIOSCOREA by S.
    [Show full text]
  • Antidiabetic Properties of Mucuna Pruriens L. (D.C.)
    ANTIDIABETIC PROPERTIES OF MUCUNA PRURIENS L. (D.C.) SEED EXTRACT AND ITS TABLET FORMULATIONS BY MAJEKODUNMI, STEPHEN OLARIBIGBE B. Pharm. (Ife); M.Sc. Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy (Ibadan) A thesis in the Department of PHARMACEUTICS AND INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY Submitted to the Faculty of Pharmacy in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN SEPTEMBER, 2012 ii UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN CERTIFICATION I certify that this work was carried out by Mr. Stephen Olaribigbe Majekodunmi in the Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. ------------------------------------------------------------------- (Supervisor) Prof. Oluwatoyin A. Odeku B.Pharm. (Ife); M.Sc., PhD. (Ibadan) Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria iii UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN DEDICATION This piece of work is dedicated to my redeemer God Almighty for giving me the will, strength and courage to attain this height, renewing my days; and in remembrance of my late parents, Chief James Olawale Majekodunmi, Sakotun of Ikopa and Chief (Mrs.) Marian Omotayo Majekodunmi, Lika of Ikopa, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, who bequeathed in me an enduring legacy vital for the realization and completion of this project. To God be the glory. iv UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am what I am today by the will of God who in His infinite mercies chose to renew my days. I express my heart felt appreciation to God Almighty for the grace to complete this work. My wholehearted, sincere and profound gratitude goes to my supervisor Professor Oluwatoyin A. Odeku for her holistic support, guidance, encouragement and particularly for her consolidated mentoring right from my M.Sc.
    [Show full text]
  • A Highly Resolved Food Web for Insect Seed Predators in a Species&
    A highly-resolved food web for insect seed predators in a species-rich tropical forest Article Published Version Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY) Open Access Gripenberg, S., Basset, Y., Lewis, O. T., Terry, J. C. D., Wright, S. J., Simon, I., Fernandez, D. C., Cedeno-Sanchez, M., Rivera, M., Barrios, H., Brown, J. W., Calderon, O., Cognato, A. I., Kim, J., Miller, S. E., Morse, G. E., Pinzon- Navarro, S., Quicke, D. L. J., Robbins, R. K., Salminen, J.-P. and Vesterinen, E. (2019) A highly-resolved food web for insect seed predators in a species-rich tropical forest. Ecology Letters, 22 (10). pp. 1638-1649. ISSN 1461-0248 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13359 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/84861/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.13359 Publisher: Wiley All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online Ecology Letters, (2019) doi: 10.1111/ele.13359 LETTER A highly resolved food web for insect seed predators in a species-rich tropical forest Abstract Sofia Gripenberg,1,2,3,4* The top-down and indirect effects of insects on plant communities depend on patterns of host Yves Basset,5,6,7,8 Owen T.
    [Show full text]
  • Mannose-Specific Legume Lectin from the Seeds of Dolichos Lablab
    Process Biochemistry 49 (2014) 529–534 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Process Biochemistry jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/procbio Mannose-specific legume lectin from the seeds of Dolichos lablab (FRIL) stimulates inflammatory and hypernociceptive processes in mice a,b c Claudener Souza Teixeira , Ana Maria Sampaio Assreuy , a c Vinícius José da Silva Osterne , Renata Morais Ferreira Amorim , c d e f Luiz André Cavalcante Brizeno , Henri Debray , Celso Shiniti Nagano , Plinio Delatorre , a,e a Alexandre Holanda Sampaio , Bruno Anderson Matias Rocha , a,∗ Benildo Sousa Cavada a Laboratório de Moléculas Biologicamente Ativas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil b Unidade Descentralizada de Campos Sales, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil c Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil d ◦ Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique et Unité Mixte de Recherche N 8576 du CNRS, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Lille, France e Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará 60440-970, Brazil f Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza – Campus I, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Lectins are proteins that specifically bind to carbohydrates and form complexes with molecules and bio- Received 21 October 2013 logical structures containing saccharides. The FRIL (Flt3 receptor interacting lectin) is a dimeric two-chain Received in revised form ␣␤ ( )2 lectin presenting 67 kDa molecular mass.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Flower Angle on Bat Pollination of Mucuna Urens (F
    The effect of flower angle on bat pollination of Mucuna urens (F. Papilionaceae) Laura Grieneisen Department of Biology, The College of William & Mary ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between bat pollination and flower angle in Mucuna urens (F. Papilionaceae). To determine the natural variation among M. urens, the angles of 100 M. urens flowers were measured with a protractor to the nearest 5o. The mean angle was -82.45o from the horizon, the mode was -90o, and the range was from -45o to -105o. Approximately one-third of the flowers were tied so that they opened at 90o greater than the natural angle, one-third were tied to open at 90o less than the natural angle, and one-third were left at the natural angle. Over several nights, the pollination status of 383 mature M. urens flowers was observed. More flowers than expected were pollinated at the natural angle and fewer flowers than expected were pollinated at the positive and negative angles. (X2 = 63.96, p<0.001, df = 2). This suggests that natural M. urens flower angles are more accessible to bats than other angles. RESUMEN El propósito de este investigación es examinar la relación entre la polinización por murciélagos y el ángulo de la flor en Mucuna urens (F. Papilionaceae). Para saber la variedad natural sobre M. urens, se midieron los ángulos de 100 M. urens flores con un transportador al grado cinco más cercano. El promedio del ángulo fue -82.45º del horizonte, la moda fue -90º, y el rango fue de -45º a -105º.
    [Show full text]
  • Dioscoreaceae) Descritas O Relacionadas Con Las Colecciones De Martín De Sessé Y José Mariano Mociño
    2137_Sese:calongea.qxd 11/06/2010 09:58 Página 49 Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid Vol. 67(1): 49-63 enero-junio 2010 ISSN: 0211-1322 doi: 10.3989/ajbm.2137 Tipificación y actualización nomenclatural en Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae) descritas o relacionadas con las colecciones de Martín de Sessé y José Mariano Mociño por Oswaldo Téllez Valdés1, Paloma Blanco Fernández de Caleya2 & Lourdes Rico Arce3 1 Laboratorio de Recursos Naturales, Unidad de Biología, Tecnología y Prototipos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala UNAM, Av. de Los Barrios 1, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, México. [email protected]. 2 Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, España. [email protected]. 3 Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom. [email protected] Resumen Abstract Téllez Valdés, O., Blanco Fernández de Caleya, P. & Rico Arce, L. Téllez Valdés, O., Blanco Fernández de Caleya, P. & Rico Arce, L. 2010. Tipificación y actualizaciones nomenclaturales en 2010. Typification and nomenclatural updating in Dioscorea Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae) descritas o relacionadas con las colec- (Dioscoreaceae) described and/or related to the collections ciones de Martín de Sessé y José Mariano Mociño. Anales Jard. made by Martín de Sessé and José Mariano Mociño. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 67(1): 49-63. Bot. Madrid 67(1): 49-63 (in Spanish). Se han estudiado las colecciones de la familia Dioscoreaceae de- The collections of the family Dioscoreaceae filed in the Herbaria of positadas en los herbarios
    [Show full text]
  • Repeated Evolution of Cytochrome P450-Mediated Spiroketal Steroid Biosynthesis in Plants
    Repeated evolution of cytochrome P450- mediated spiroketal steroid biosynthesis in plants The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Christ, Bastien et al. "Repeated evolution of cytochrome P450- mediated spiroketal steroid biosynthesis in plants." Nature communications 10 (2019): 1038 © 2019 The Author(s) As Published 10.1038/s41467-019-11286-7 Publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC Version Final published version Citable link https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124710 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license Detailed Terms https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11286-7 OPEN Repeated evolution of cytochrome P450-mediated spiroketal steroid biosynthesis in plants Bastien Christ1,6,7, Chengchao Xu1,7, Menglong Xu1,7, Fu-Shuang Li1, Naoki Wada 2, Andrew J. Mitchell1, Xiu-Lin Han3, Meng-Liang Wen3, Makoto Fujita2,4 & Jing-Ke Weng 1,5 Diosgenin is a spiroketal steroidal natural product extracted from plants and used as the single most important precursor for the world steroid hormone industry. The sporadic 1234567890():,; occurrences of diosgenin in distantly related plants imply possible independent biosynthetic origins. The characteristic 5,6-spiroketal moiety in diosgenin is reminiscent of the spiroketal moiety present in anthelmintic avermectins isolated from actinomycete bacteria. How plants gained the ability to biosynthesize spiroketal natural products is unknown. Here, we report the diosgenin-biosynthetic pathways in himalayan paris (Paris polyphylla), a monocot med- icinal plant with hemostatic and antibacterial properties, and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum–graecum), an eudicot culinary herb plant commonly used as a galactagogue.
    [Show full text]
  • Dos Nuevas Especies De Macropsychanthus (Leguminosae
    Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. 45(175):489-499, abril-junio de 2021 Dos nuevas especies de Macropsychanthus de Colombia doi: https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.1351 Ciencias Naturales Artículo original Dos nuevas especies de Macropsychanthus (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) de Colombia Two new species of Macropsychanthus (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) from Colombia Andrés Fonseca-Cortés Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia Resumen Se describen e ilustran Macropsychanthus emberarum y Macropsychanthus obscurus, dos nuevas especies para la flora de Colombia, y se discuten sus relaciones morfológicas con las especies afines. Macropsychanthus emberarum se caracteriza por sus folíolos membranáceos, oblongos, con 12–14 pares de nervios secundarios, flores de 2,0–2,3 cm de longitud, estandartes de 1,4–1,5 × 1,4–1,5 cm, alas de 1,9–2,2 × 1,0–1,2 cm y quillas de 1,7–1,9 × 0,8–1,0 cm. Macropsychanthus obscurus presenta folíolos con 13–15 pares de nervios secundarios, quillas de ápices bicuspidados y legumbres comprimidas lateralmente. Macropsychanthus emberarum es una especie endémica del Pacífico y Macropsychanthus obscurus de las cordilleras Central y Occidental de los Andes colombianos. Se presenta una clave para determinar los subgéneros de Macropsychanthus y una para las especies de Macropsychanthus presentes en Colombia. Palabras clave: Diocleae; Flora de Colombia; Leguminosas trepadoras. Abstract Macropsychanthus emberarum and Macropsychanthus obscurus, two new species from the Colom- bian flora are described, illustrated and their morphological relationships with related species are discussed. Macropsychanthus emberarum is characterized by its membranous, oblong leaflets, with Citación: Fonseca-Cortés A.
    [Show full text]