THE SONS of SENEK‛ERIM YOVHANNĒS, the LAST KING of VASPURAKAN, AS BYZANTINE ARISTOCRATS By
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The Orontids of Armenia by Cyril Toumanoff
The Orontids of Armenia by Cyril Toumanoff This study appears as part III of Toumanoff's Studies in Christian Caucasian History (Georgetown, 1963), pp. 277-354. An earlier version appeared in the journal Le Muséon 72(1959), pp. 1-36 and 73(1960), pp. 73-106. The Orontids of Armenia Bibliography, pp. 501-523 Maps appear as an attachment to the present document. This material is presented solely for non-commercial educational/research purposes. I 1. The genesis of the Armenian nation has been examined in an earlier Study.1 Its nucleus, succeeding to the role of the Yannic nucleus ot Urartu, was the 'proto-Armenian,T Hayasa-Phrygian, people-state,2 which at first oc- cupied only a small section of the former Urartian, or subsequent Armenian, territory. And it was, precisely, of the expansion of this people-state over that territory, and of its blending with the remaining Urartians and other proto- Caucasians that the Armenian nation was born. That expansion proceeded from the earliest proto-Armenian settlement in the basin of the Arsanias (East- ern Euphrates) up the Euphrates, to the valley of the upper Tigris, and espe- cially to that of the Araxes, which is the central Armenian plain.3 This expand- ing proto-Armenian nucleus formed a separate satrapy in the Iranian empire, while the rest of the inhabitants of the Armenian Plateau, both the remaining Urartians and other proto-Caucasians, were included in several other satrapies.* Between Herodotus's day and the year 401, when the Ten Thousand passed through it, the land of the proto-Armenians had become so enlarged as to form, in addition to the Satrapy of Armenia, also the trans-Euphratensian vice-Sa- trapy of West Armenia.5 This division subsisted in the Hellenistic phase, as that between Greater Armenia and Lesser Armenia. -
Social Change in Eleventh-Century Armenia: the Evidence from Tarōn Tim Greenwood (University of St Andrews)
Social Change in Eleventh-Century Armenia: the evidence from Tarōn Tim Greenwood (University of St Andrews) The social history of tenth and eleventh-century Armenia has attracted little in the way of sustained research or scholarly analysis. Quite why this should be so is impossible to answer with any degree of confidence, for as shall be demonstrated below, it is not for want of contemporary sources. It may perhaps be linked to the formative phase of modern Armenian historical scholarship, in the second half of the nineteenth century, and its dominant mode of romantic nationalism. The accounts of political capitulation by Armenian kings and princes and consequent annexation of their territories by a resurgent Byzantium sat very uncomfortably with the prevailing political aspirations of the time which were validated through an imagined Armenian past centred on an independent Armenian polity and a united Armenian Church under the leadership of the Catholicos. Finding members of the Armenian elite voluntarily giving up their ancestral domains in exchange for status and territories in Byzantium did not advance the campaign for Armenian self-determination. It is also possible that the descriptions of widespread devastation suffered across many districts and regions of central and western Armenia at the hands of Seljuk forces in the eleventh century became simply too raw, too close to the lived experience and collective trauma of Armenians in these same districts at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries, to warrant -
“Khosrov Forest” State Reserve
Strasbourg, 21 November 2011 [de05e_12.doc] T-PVS/DE (2012) 5 CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF EUROPEAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL HABITATS GROUP OF SPECIALISTS -EUROPEAN DIPLOMA OF PROTECTED AREAS 9-10 FEBRUARY 2012, STRASBOURG ROOM 14, PALAIS DE L’EUROPE ---ooOoo--- APPLICATION PRESENTED BY THE MINISTRY OF NATURE PROTECTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA “KHOSROV FOREST” STATE RESERVE Document prepared by the Directorate of Culture and Cultural and Natural Heritage This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. Ce document ne sera plus distribué en réunion. Prière de vous munir de cet exemplaire - 2 - T-PVS/DE (2011) 5 Council of Europe European Diploma Area Information Form for candidate Sites Site Code (to be given by Council of Europe) B E 1. SITE IDENTIFICATION 1.1. SITE NAME “Khosrov Forest” State Reserve 1.2. COUNTRY Republic of Armenia 1.3. DATE CANDIDATURE 2 0 1 1 1.4. SITE INFORMATION 2 0 1 1 1 1 2 5 COMPILATION DATE Y Y Y Y M M D D 1.5. ADRESSES: Administrative Authorities National Authority Regional Authority Local Authority Name: “Environmental Project Name: Name: Implementation Unit” State Address: Address: Agency under the Ministry of Nature Protection of RA Address: 129 Armenakyan str., Yerevan, 0047 Republic of Armenia Tel.: Tel.: Fax.: Fax.: Tel.: +374 10 65 16 31 e-mail: e-mail: Fax.: +374 10 65 00 89 e-mail: [email protected] - 3 - T-PVS/DE (2011) 5 1.6. ADRESSES: Site Authorities Site Manager Site Information Centre Council of Europe Contact Name: “Khosrov Forest” State Name: “Khosrov Forest” State Name: “Environmental Project Reserve Reserve Implementation Unit” State Director Adress: : Kasyan 79 Agency -director (Mr. -
Armenia, Republic of | Grove
Grove Art Online Armenia, Republic of [Hayasdan; Hayq; anc. Pers. Armina] Lucy Der Manuelian, Armen Zarian, Vrej Nersessian, Nonna S. Stepanyan, Murray L. Eiland and Dickran Kouymjian https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T004089 Published online: 2003 updated bibliography, 26 May 2010 Country in the southern part of the Transcaucasian region; its capital is Erevan. Present-day Armenia is bounded by Georgia to the north, Iran to the south-east, Azerbaijan to the east and Turkey to the west. From 1920 to 1991 Armenia was a Soviet Socialist Republic within the USSR, but historically its land encompassed a much greater area including parts of all present-day bordering countries (see fig.). At its greatest extent it occupied the plateau covering most of what is now central and eastern Turkey (c. 300,000 sq. km) bounded on the north by the Pontic Range and on the south by the Taurus and Kurdistan mountains. During the 11th century another Armenian state was formed to the west of Historic Armenia on the Cilician plain in south-east Asia Minor, bounded by the Taurus Mountains on the west and the Amanus (Nur) Mountains on the east. Its strategic location between East and West made Historic or Greater Armenia an important country to control, and for centuries it was a battlefield in the struggle for power between surrounding empires. Periods of domination and division have alternated with centuries of independence, during which the country was divided into one or more kingdoms. Page 1 of 47 PRINTED FROM Oxford Art Online. © Oxford University Press, 2019. -
Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915
Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 i v ABSTRACT Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 Copyright by Yektan Turkyilmaz 2011 Abstract This dissertation examines the conflict in Eastern Anatolia in the early 20th century and the memory politics around it. It shows how discourses of victimhood have been engines of grievance that power the politics of fear, hatred and competing, exclusionary -
Downloaded from Brill.Com10/04/2021 08:59:36AM Via Free Access
Chapter 12 Aristocrats, Mercenaries, Clergymen and Refugees: Deliberate and Forced Mobility of Armenians in the Early Medieval Mediterranean (6th to 11th Century a.d.) Johannes Preiser-Kapeller 1 Introduction Armenian mobility in the early Middle Ages has found some attention in the scholarly community. This is especially true for the migration of individuals and groups towards the Byzantine Empire. A considerable amount of this re- search has focused on the carriers and histories of individual aristocrats or noble families of Armenian origin. The obviously significant share of these in the Byzantine elite has even led to formulations such as Byzantium being a “Greco-Armenian Empire”.1 While, as expected, evidence for the elite stratum is relatively dense, larger scale migration of members of the lower aristocracy (“azat”, within the ranking system of Armenian nobility, see below) or non- aristocrats (“anazat”) can also be traced with regard to the overall movement of groups within the entire Byzantine sphere. In contrast to the nobility, however, the life stories and strategies of individuals of these backgrounds very rarely can be reconstructed based on our evidence. In all cases, the actual signifi- cance of an “Armenian” identity for individuals and groups identified as “Ar- menian” by contemporary sources or modern day scholarship (on the basis of 1 Charanis, “Armenians in the Byzantine Empire”, passim; Charanis, “Transfer of population”; Toumanoff, “Caucasia and Byzantium”, pp. 131–133; Ditten, Ethnische Verschiebungen, pp. 124–127, 134–135; Haldon, “Late Roman Senatorial Elite”, pp. 213–215; Whitby, “Recruitment”, pp. 87–90, 99–101, 106–110; Isaac, “Army in the Late Roman East”, pp. -
The Kotayk Survey Project. Preliminary Report on 2015 Fieldwork Activities
Annali, Sezione orientale 77 (2017) 294–317 brill.com/aioo The Kotayk Survey Project. Preliminary Report on 2015 Fieldwork Activities Roberto Dan International Association of Mediterranean and Oriental Studies (ISMEO) [email protected] Artur Petrosyan Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the National Academy of Sciences of the Armenian Republic (IAE NAS RA) [email protected] Abstract The Kotayk Survey Project (KSP) started in the summer of 2013. This is a joint Armenian—Italian project involving the study of the upper Hrazdan river valley, located in the northern part of the Kotayk region in the Armenian Republic. This article presents the results of the third fieldwork season, which involved both excavation and survey. In particular, the text describes the excavation of the Solak 1 fortress and dis- cusses its role in the framework of Middle Iron Age/Urartian archaeology. Keywords Kotayk Survey Project – Solak 1 – Urartu – Middle Iron Age – Kotayk region – Hrazdan River The Kotayk Survey Project (KSP) started in the summer of 2013. This is a joint Armenian–Italian project involving the study of the upper Hrazdan river valley, * “Introduction”, “Archaeological excavations in Solak 1”, “Room 1”, “The corridor” and “The main gate” were written jointly by both authors; Roberto Dan wrote “Some remarks on the Solak 1 Fortress”, “The Solak 1 Fortress in the context of Urartian and post-Urartian archaeol- ogy”; Artur Petrosyan wrote “The survey”, “The rescue excavations in Meghradzor village” and “Investigations in Kaghsi -
Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
İSTANBUL TEKN İK ÜN İVERS İTES İ SOSYAL B İLİMLER ENST İTÜSÜ HEM Şİ N HORONLARINDA ATMA TÜRKÜLER YÜKSEK L İSANS TEZ İ Yonca SAATÇ İ Tez Danı şmanı: Prof. Adnan KOÇ ARALIK 2008 İSTANBUL TEKN İK ÜN İVERS İTES İ SOSYAL B İLİMLER ENST İTÜSÜ HEM Şİ N HORONLARINDA ATMA TÜRKÜLER YÜKSEK L İSANS TEZ İ Yonca SAATÇ İ Anabilim Dalı: Türk Müzi ği Programı: Türk Müzi ği ARALIK 2008 İSTANBUL TEKN İK ÜN İVERS İTES İ SOSYAL B İLİMLER ENST İTÜSÜ HEM Şİ N HORONLARINDA ATMA TÜRKÜLER YÜKSEK L İSANS TEZ İ Yonca SAATÇ İ (415051017) Tezin Enstitüye Verildi ği Tarih : 29 ARALIK 2008 Tezin Savunuldu ğu Tarih : 21 OCAK 2009 Tez Danı şmanı : Prof. Adnan KOÇ Di ğer Jüri Üyeleri: Yrd.Doç Dr. Mehmet Ali ÖZDEM İR (M.Ü.) San.Ö ğr.Gör. Süleyman ŞENEL ARALIK 2008 ÖNSÖZ Yapılan bu ara ştırma, Do ğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde Cimil Hem şini, Arde şen, Senoz Hem şini (Çayeli – Kaptanpa şa), Hem şin, Çamlıhem şin, Hala Hem şin, Yukarı Hem şin, Abo Hem şin (Fındıklı), bölgelerinde ya şayan Hem şinlilerin kendilerini ifade edebildikleri ve onları birle ştirici özelli ğe sahip olan “Hem şin Horonlarını ve Atma Türkülerini” kapsamaktadır. Gün geçtikçe adını daha sık duydu ğumuz Hem şinliler sahip oldukları kültürün zenginli ği ile sadece Karadeniz Bölgesinde ve Türkiye’de de ğil, gurbetçili ğin getirmi ş oldu ğu zorunlu haller de olsa Türkiye dı şında da bilinen bir topluluktur. Hopa Hem şin (Do ğu Hem şin) bölgesinin gerek horonları gerekse, türküleri bakımından ayrı bir çalı şma gerektirdi ğini belirtirken yapmı ş oldu ğum bu çalı şmanın konu ile ilgilenen ara ştırmacılara yardımcı olmasını temenni ederim. -
The Treaty of 1639 and Its Consequences for Armenia and the Armenians
The Treaty of 1639 and its Consequences for Armenia and the Armenians Presented by Dr. R. Ali Kavani In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ARMENIA AND ARMENIANS IN INTERNATIONAL TREATIES Armenian Studies Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor March 18-21, 2009. Published in ‘Armenia and Armenians in International Treaties’ Armenian Review, v.52, no. 1-2 (spring-summer 2010) Introduction Writing an article about the 1639 Treaty between Iran and Turkey is simple and difficult at the same time. It is simple because one might say that this Treaty divided Armenia and some parts of Mesopotamia. Yet, it is difficult because repeating what has been said many times before, is not sufficient for writing an article. So far, research has not come up with anything else, which shows how poor the historical knowledge of this Treaty is. It needs new research. This article focuses on the long and short term consequences of the Treaty. First, it will concentrate on the geographical aspects of historic Armenia and on the historical roots of the Armenian people. Then, it will describe Armenia as part of the Safavid Empire and the context of the 1639 Treaty. Finally, it will focus on the Treaty's consequences. Geographic location of historic Armenia What is considered historic Armenia was about 238,000 km2 in size, located in the eastern part of Lesser Asia. It is said that Greater Armenia was located to the east of the Euphrates River and Lesser Armenia to its west. Greater and Lesser Armenia consisted of the present Republic of Armenia and parts of northeast Turkey. -
Ararat Marz Guidebook
ARARAT MARZ GUIDEBOOK 2014 ARARAT FACTS ARARAT Ararat is one of Armenia’s 10 provinces, whose capital is Artashat. Named after Mount Ararat, the province borders Turkey to the west and Azerbaijan’s Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic to the south. Two former Armenian capitals are located in this region, Artashat and Dvin, as well as the Khor Virap monastery, significant as the place of Gregory the Illuminator’s 13-year imprisonment and for being the closest point to Mount Ararat within Armenian borders. The province consists of 97 com- munities, known as hamaynkner, of which four are considered urban and 93 rural. Spanning an area of 1995 km2 and home to a population of 311,400 people, its administrative Center is Artashat which is 29km from Yerevan. Ararat borders the following provinces: Armavir to the northwest, Kotayk to the north, Gegharkunik 1. It is rumoured that Sir Winston’s favourite tipple came out of the Ararat valley in the east and Vayots Dzor to the southeast. Ararat also has a border with the city of Yerevan in the north, between its borders with Armavir and Kotayk. Ararat’s moun- tains include the Yeranos range, Vishapasar 3157m, Geghasar 3443m, and Kotuts 2061m, Urts 2445m. The province also has a number of lakes including: Sev, Azat, Armush, and Karalich as well as the Arax, Azat, Hrazdan, Yotnakunk, Vedi, and Artashat Rivers. During the period from 331 BC to 428 AD, the Armenian Kingdom was also known as Greater Armenia (Mets Hayk) and consisted of 15 states. One of those original states was Ayrarat. -
Hopa Hemsinlis: History, Language and Identity
HOPA HEMSINLIS: HISTORY, LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY This thesis is submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Cultural Studies by Neşe Kaya Sabancı University August 2014 © Neşe Kaya 2014 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT HOPA HEMSINLIS: HISTORY, LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY Neşe Kaya Cultural Studies, MA, 2014 Thesis Advisor: Leyla Neyzi This thesis aims at studying with the Homşetsnak/Hemşince speaking Hopa Hemşinlis with a focus on their history, language, culture, and ethnic identity with the use of ethnographic data and oral history interviews. My analysis focuses on how Hopa Hemşinlis construct their past at the present, as well as the already existing studies on Hemşin history within a discussion of history writing in general. This study also describes the history of Hemşince focusing on the language ideologies held by Hopa Hemşinlis in addition to the processes having impact on the use of Hemşince. In this study, it is depicted that Hemşin history and language are resorted as sites for ethnic identity negotiations and discussions by researchers as well as Hopa Hemşinlis. Although there have been endeavors to attain Turkish and Armenian origins to Hopa Hemşinlis, which still continue today, Hopa Hemşinlis exhibit a strong sense of Hemşinli identity. Keywords: Hopa Hemşinlis, Hemşin history, Hemşince, language ideologies, ethnic identity. IV ÖZET HOPA HEMŞİNLİLERİ: TARİH, DİL VE KİMLİK Neşe Kaya Kültürel Çalışmalar MA, 2014 Tez Danışmanı: Leyla Neyzi Bu tez, Hemşince konuşan Hopalı Hemşinlilerin tarihini, dilini, kültürünü ve etnik kimliklerini etnografik veri ve sözlü tarih mülakatları kullanarak onlarla birlikte çalışmayı hedeflemektedir. -
The Armenians the Peoples of Europe
The Armenians The Peoples of Europe General Editors James Campbell and Barry Cunliffe This series is about the European tribes and peoples from their origins in prehistory to the present day. Drawing upon a wide range of archaeolo gical and historical evidence, each volume presents a fresh and absorbing account of a group’s culture, society and usually turbulent history. Already published The Etruscans The Franks Graeme Barker and Thomas Edward James Rasmussen The Russians The Lombards Robin Milner-Gulland Neil Christie The Mongols The Basques David Morgan Roger Collins The Armenians The English A.E. Redgate Geoffrey Elton The Huns The Gypsies E. A. Thompson Angus Fraser The Early Germans The Bretons Malcolm Todd Patrick Galliou and Michael Jones The Illyrians The Goths John Wilkes Peter Heather In preparation The Sicilians The Spanish David Abulafia Roger Collins The Irish The Romans Francis John Byrne and Michael Timothy Cornell Herity The Celts The Byzantines David Dumville Averil Cameron The Scots The First English Colin Kidd Sonia Chadwick Hawkes The Ancient Greeks The Normans Brian Sparkes Marjorie Chibnall The Piets The Serbs Charles Thomas Sima Cirkovic The Armenians A. E. Redgate Copyright © Anne Elizabeth Redgate 1998,2000 The right of Anne Elizabeth Redgate to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 1998 First published in paperback 2000 2468 10975 3 1 Blackwell Publishers Ltd 108 Cowley Road Oxford OX4 1JF Blackwell Publishers Inc. 350 Main Street Malden, Massachusetts 02148 USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.