Itc STUDY on LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND

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Itc STUDY on LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND Mozambique Community Lands Initiative STUDY ON LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND COMMUNITY LANDS: SITUATION ANALYSIS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR iTC IN GAZA, MANICA AND CABO DELGADO FINAL REPORT May 2009 Julian Quan [email protected] Ruth Butterworth [email protected] Simiao Mahumana [email protected] Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich 1 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN PORTUGUESE ............. 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS – ENGLISH VERSION .... 20 A. For iTC supported projects and grants to assist communities..................... 30 B. Potential iTC strategic interventions .............................................................. 32 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 34 1.1 Background .......................................................................................................... 34 1.2 Study objectives ................................................................................................... 34 1.3 Approach and Methodology ................................................................................ 35 2. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................................. 37 2.1 Local Economic Development – its meaning and importance ........................... 37 2.2 Rural Enterprise and Economic Development (REED): a systematic approach to diagnosis and learning for LED ................................................................................. 38 3. NATIONAL POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR LED IN MOZAMBIQUE ............................................................................................................... 40 3.1. Policies and Institutional Framework for LED ................................................... 40 3.1.1. Overall context ............................................................................................. 40 3.1.2. Rural Development Strategy ...................................................................... 42 3.1.3. Decentralisation .......................................................................................... 43 3.1.4. Economic Development Agencies in Mozambique ..................................... 43 3.1.5. Plan to increase food production .................................................................. 45 3.2. Infrastructure, services and markets ................................................................... 45 3.3. Entrepreneurial competence ................................................................................ 46 3.4. Stakeholder involvement and linkages ............................................................... 48 4. PROVINCIAL ANALYSIS OF LED PERSPECTIVES ............................................. 50 4.1 MANICA PROVINCE ...................................................................................... 50 4.1.1 Policies and Institutional Framework for LED in Manica ........................... 50 4.1.2 Infrastructure, services and markets ............................................................. 55 4.1.3 Entrepreneurial competence .......................................................................... 59 4.1.4 Stakeholder involvement and linkages ....................................................... 61 4.2 CABO DELGADO PROVINCE ....................................................................... 68 4.2.1 Policy and institutional context for LED in Cabo Delgado ......................... 68 4.2.2 Infrastructure, services, and markets ............................................................ 72 4.2.3 Entrepreneurial competence ......................................................................... 75 4.2.4 Stakeholder involvement and linkages ......................................................... 76 4.2.5 The business development dimensions of iTC projects and potential projects, approaches and methodologies used ....................................................... 78 4.2.6 Conclusions and recommendations.......................................................... 81 2 4.3 GAZA PROVINCE (compiled by Simiao Mahumana) ............................... 84 4.3.1 Policies and Institutional Framework for LED in Gaza............................... 85 4.3.2 Infrastructure, services and markets ............................................................. 91 4.3.3 Entrepreneurial competence .......................................................................... 94 4.3.4 Stakeholder involvement and linkages ....................................................... 96 4.3.4.1 SWOT Analysis of LED in Gaza ............................................................... 98 Tables 4.3.4.2: iTC Projects and planned economic activities in Gaza .............. 100 4.3.7. Conclusions and recommendations............................................................ 105 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................... 108 5.1 Challenges and opportunities for iTC support to LED ...................................... 108 5.2 Recommendations ............................................................................................. 110 A. iTC projects ..................................................................................................... 110 B. Potential iTC strategic interventions ............................................................... 112 ANNEX 1. Key factors in rural economic development: the REED “learning wheel” .................................................................................................................................. 114 ANNEX 2. Abbreviations used in the text.............................................................. 119 ANNEX 3. PEOPLE MET ...................................................................................... 121 ANNEX 4. REFERENCES .................................................................................... 123 3 iTC STUDY ON LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND COMMUNITY LANDS IN GAZA, MANICA AND CABO DELGADO PROVINCES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN PORTUGUESE Sumário Executivo Antecedentes O Instituto de Recursos Naturais (NRI) da Inglaterra foi contratado pela KPMG (em nome do Comité Nacional de Supervisão da Iniciativa para as Terras Comunitárias - iTC) para realizar um estudo que possa ajudar na identificação de abordagens praticas e necessidades de treinamento para o fortalecimento de empreendimentos comunitários e desenvolvimento económico local nos distritos prioritários de intervenção da iTC. Esta acção centra-se no objectivo chave do iTC de ligar a segurança dos direitos de uso e aproveitamento de terra pelas comunidades locais com oportunidades produtivas para desenvolvimento económico local. O pressuposto para o delineamento da actividade foi o de que as comunidades locais tem uma capacidade limitada de planificar e desenvolver empreendimentos económicos, devido aos altos níveis de analfabetismo e, particularmente, ao baixo nível educacional. Adicionalmente pressupôs-se como elementos contribuintes os escassos casos de estabelecimento com sucesso de parcerias entre o sector empresarial e as comunidades locais, a tendência do sector empresarial de obter licenças de exploração de recursos naturais sem passar pelas vias que envolvem as comunidades locais (para consulta ou integração dos empreendimentos propostos nos planos de desenvolvimento das comunidades locais), a escassez de serviços de desenvolvimento de negócios a nível local, e a fraca abordagem sistemática de apoio consistente a serviços de desenvolvimento empresarial local nas estratégias adoptadas pelos agentes de desenvolvimento económico local (agências, ONGs e autoridades distritais). Objectivos Para a sistematização do estudo foram adoptados four objectivos, nomeadamente (1) identificação das potencialidades para desenvolvimento de negócios baseados a comunidade, desenvolvimento de parcerias entre comunidades e investidores, e oportunidades para a iTC providenciar apoio; 4 (2) Avaliar ate que ponto as metodologias de serviços de desenvolvimento de negócios baseados na comunidade utilizados pelos provedores de serviços nos distritos de intervenção da iTC são as mais adequadas e efectivas, e recomendar melhoramento e expansão com base nos pontos fortes existentes; (3) Avaliar as necessidades de capacitação e apoio das iniciativas empreendedoras nas áreas e distritos de intervenção da iTC; (4) Traçar recomendações para desenvolvimento de treino e capacitação apropriados na área de desenvolvimento económico local baseado na comunidade e iniciativas de treinamento especificas para beneficiários da iTC, provedores de serviços e outras partes interessadas. Marco teórico Para orientação metodológica, a equipa de consultores aplicou o modelo REED (Rural Economic and Enterprise Development), desenvolvido pelo NRI em parceria com a GTZ como ferramenta para abordagem de desenvolvimento económico local nos países em desenvolvimento. As ferramentas teóricas do modelo REED estão orientadas para a identificação de constrangimentos e oportunidades relativas aos seguintes factores: (1) o marco analítico político e institucional (2) infra-estruturas, serviços e mercados (3) competência empreendedora e (4) ligações e envolvimento dos actores interessadas (stakeholders). Abordagem e métodologia Com base nas ferramentas teóricas do REED, a equipa adoptou como actividades chaves (a) a revisão do ambiente político e institucional para o desenvolvimento empresarial
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