DOCSLIB.ORG

Manual De Supervivencia En Linux

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Manual De Supervivencia En Linux uando no estamos a la caza de buena comida cerca de la CUniversidad, explorando nuevos sistemas de cómputo, iso programando, o dando clases, nos encontrarás discutiendo nue- vos proyectos e ideas para difundir y enseñar computación. Así MANUAL DE SUPERVIVENCIA EN nacieron, hace ya más de un lustro, las ideas plasmadas en el libro que tienes en tus manos. Por un lado intenta ser un vehículo para LINUX introducirte al mundo del software libre, a Linux y a la progra- mación y por el otro, un manual de supervivencia y referencia de aplicacionesútilespara consolidartecomoprogramador. La vida del computólogo es muy divertida y llena de emociones al trabajar con aplicaciones de software, sistemas de Francisco Solsona cómputo y en general, con nuevas tecnologías. Algunas veces, sin Francisco Solsona y Elisa V Elisa Viso embargo, moverte en el mundo de posibilidades que ofrece la computación es abrumador, sobre todo en el terreno del software libre. Este libro te ofrece una visión moderna y desenfadada de ´ Linux, poniendoa tu disposición una ruta clara en el laberinto de sus aplicaciones. Fue realizado por programadores entusiastas y está dirigido a otros programadores entusiastas en busca de algo más de lo que los sistemas operativos y herramientas conven- computacion cionalessuelenofrecer. de Temas de computacion Imágen de portada: Naturaleza Muerta (Óleo sobre lienzo) Pablo Picasso ANUAL DE SUPERVIVENCIA EN LINUX 10 de abril de 1947 M uando no estamos a la caza de buena comida cerca de la CUniversidad, explorando nuevos sistemas de cómputo, programando, o dando clases, nos encontrarás discutiendo nue- vos proyectos e ideas para difundir y enseñar computación. Así MANUAL DE SUPERVIVENCIA EN nacieron, hace ya más de un lustro, las ideas plasmadas en el libro que tienes en tus manos. Por un lado intenta ser un vehículo para LINUX introducirte al mundo del software libre, a Linux y a la progra- mación y por el otro, un manual de supervivencia y referencia de aplicacionesútilespara consolidartecomoprogramador. La vida del computólogo es muy divertida y llena de emociones al trabajar con aplicaciones de software, sistemas de Francisco Solsona cómputo y en general, con nuevas tecnologías. Algunas veces, sin Francisco Solsona y Elisa Viso Elisa Viso embargo, moverte en el mundo de posibilidades que ofrece la computación es abrumador, sobre todo en el terreno del software libre. Este libro te ofrece una visión moderna y desenfadada de ´ Linux, poniendo a tu disposición una ruta clara en el laberinto de sus aplicaciones. Fue realizado por programadores entusiastas y está dirigido a otros programadores entusiastas en busca de algo más de lo que los sistemas operativos y herramientas conven- computacion cionalessuelenofrecer. de Temas de computacion Imágen de portada: Naturaleza Muerta (Óleo sobre lienzo) Pablo Picasso ANUAL DE SUPERVIVENCIA EN LINUX 10 de abril de 1947 M FRANCISCO SOLSONA Y ELISA VISO (COORDINADORES) MANUAL DE SUPERVIVENCIA EN LINUX MAURICIO ALDAZOSA JOSÉ GALAVIZ IVÁN HERNÁNDEZ CANEK PELÁEZ KARLA RAMÍREZ FERNANDA SÁNCHEZ PUIG FRANCISCO SOLSONA MANUEL SUGAWARA ARTURO VÁZQUEZ ELISA VISO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS, UNAM 2007 Esta obra aparece gracias al apoyo del proyecto PAPIME PE-100205 Manual de supervivencia en Linux 1ª edición, 2007 Diseño de portada: Laura Uribe ©Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ciencias Circuito exterior. Ciudad Universitaria. México 04510 [email protected] ISBN: 978-970-32-5040-0 Impreso y hecho en México Índice general Prefacio XII 1. Introducción a Unix 1 1.1. Historia .................................... 1 1.1.1. Sistemas UNIX libres ........................ 2 1.1.2. El proyecto GNU ........................... 3 1.2. Sistemas de tiempo compartido ........................ 4 1.2.1. Los sistemas multiusuario ...................... 4 1.3. Inicio de sesión ................................ 5 1.4. Emacs ..................................... 6 1.4.1. Introducción a Emacs ......................... 6 1.4.2. Emacs y tú .............................. 7 2. Ambientes gráficos en Linux 9 2.1. Ambientes de escritorio ............................ 9 2.2. KDE ...................................... 10 2.2.1. Configuración de KDE ........................ 10 2.2.2. KDE en 1, 2, 3 ............................ 14 2.2.3. Quemado de discos con K3b ..................... 14 2.2.4. Amarok ................................ 18 2.3. Emacs ..................................... 20 2.4. Comenzando con Emacs ........................... 20 3. Sistema de Archivos 23 3.1. El sistema de archivos ............................. 23 3.1.1. Rutas absolutas y relativas ...................... 26 3.2. Moviéndose en el árbol del sistema de archivos ............... 27 3.2.1. Permisos de archivos ......................... 30 3.2.2. Archivos estándar y redireccionamiento ............... 34 3.3. Otros comandos de Unix ........................... 37 3.3.1. Sintaxis estándar de comandos .................... 37 ii 3.4. Agrupando nombres de archivos ....................... 44 3.5. Konqueror: administrador de archivos y algo más .............. 45 3.5.1. Iniciando Konqueror ......................... 46 3.5.2. Konqueror como administrador de archivos ............. 46 3.5.3. Konqueror como un navegador web ................. 48 3.5.4. Konqueror como una aplicación integrada .............. 49 3.6. Emacs ..................................... 50 3.6.1. Ejecutando Emacs desde la línea de comandos ........... 50 3.6.2. Conceptos esenciales ......................... 52 3.6.3. Dired ................................. 53 3.6.4. Ejecución de comandos de Unix desde Emacs ............ 54 4. Edición 55 4.1. La guerra de los editores de texto ....................... 55 4.1.1. Vieja guardia contra nueva guardia .................. 56 4.2. Kate: un editor para programadores ..................... 56 4.2.1. Introducción ............................. 56 4.2.2. Empezando a utilizar Kate ...................... 57 4.2.3. Editando archivos ........................... 59 4.3. Emacs ..................................... 64 4.3.1. Comandos .............................. 65 4.3.2. Movimiento .............................. 66 4.3.3. Matando y borrando ......................... 67 4.3.4. Reencarnación de texto ........................ 68 4.3.5. Regiones ............................... 68 4.3.6. Rectángulos .............................. 68 4.3.7. Registros ............................... 69 4.3.8. Archivos ............................... 70 4.3.9. Buscar ................................ 70 4.3.10. Reemplazar .............................. 70 4.3.11. Guardar ................................ 71 4.3.12. Ventanas ............................... 71 4.3.13. Marcos (frames) ........................... 71 4.3.14. Ayuda en línea ............................ 72 4.3.15. Lista de buffers ............................ 72 4.3.16. Anzuelos (Hooks), setq y otros .................... 72 4.3.17. Ortografía ............................... 73 4.3.18. Extendiendo Emacs .......................... 74 iii 5. Internet 77 5.1. Redes de computadoras ............................ 77 5.1.1. Relación cliente-servidor ....................... 78 5.1.2. TCP/IP ................................ 79 5.2. Web ...................................... 80 5.3. Redes y direcciones .............................. 81 5.3.1. Domicilios estándar en Internet ................... 81 5.3.2. Nomenclatura antigua e internacional ................ 81 5.4. WWW ..................................... 82 5.4.1. URL: especificación de objetos en Internet ............. 83 5.4.2. Navegadores ............................. 83 5.4.3. Google ................................ 85 5.4.4. Wikipedia ............................... 85 5.5. Los programas de correo de Unix ....................... 86 5.6. Netiquete ................................... 87 5.6.1. Algunos puntos del netiquete . ................... 87 5.7. KMail: lector de correo electrónico ...................... 89 5.7.1. Introducción ............................. 89 5.7.2. Utilizando KMail ........................... 90 5.8. FTP ...................................... 93 5.8.1. ¿Qué es un FTP anónimo? ...................... 93 5.8.2. Comandos para FTP ......................... 93 5.9. SSH: Secure Shell ............................... 95 5.9.1. Accediendo a sistemas remotos ................... 96 5.9.2. Copiando archivos entre sistemas .................. 96 5.10. PGP: Pretty Good Privacy .......................... 97 5.10.1. Funcionamiento de PGP ....................... 98 5.11. RSS: sistema de noticias ........................... 99 5.11.1. Introducción ............................. 99 5.11.2. Akregator ............................... 99 5.12. Mensajería instantánea ............................101 5.12.1. Introducción .............................101 5.12.2. Kopete ................................101 5.12.3. Creando cuentas ...........................103 5.12.4. Funciones básicas ...........................104 5.12.5. Extensiones ..............................105 5.13. Rdesktop: Remote Desktop Protocol Client .................106 5.13.1. Utilizando Rdesktop .........................106 5.14. Kontact, una suite de productividad en KDE .................106 5.14.1. Resumen ...............................108 5.14.2. Correo, KMail ............................108 iv 5.14.3. Contactos, KAddressBook ......................108 5.14.4. Calendario y pendientes con KOrganizer ..............112 5.15. Emacs .....................................119 5.15.1. VM ..................................121 5.15.2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • C-C++ Beautifier HOW-TO
    C-C++ Beautifier HOW-TO Al Dev (Alavoor Vasudevan) < alavoor[AT]yahoo.com > v16.7, 2 Nov 2003 Abstract This document will help you to format (beautify) the C/C++ programs so that it is more readable and confirms to your site C/C++ coding standards. The information in this document applies to all the operating sytems that is - Lin- ux, MS DOS, Apple Macintosh, Windows 95/NT/2000, BeOS, OS/2, IBM OSes, all flavors of Unix like Solaris, HPUX, AIX, SCO, Sinix, BSD, UnixWare, etc.. and to all other operating systems which support "C" compiler (it means almost all the operating systems on this planet!). Table of Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 Installing BCPP ................................................................................................................. 2 How can I trust Beautifier programs??!! ................................................................................ 3 Method 1: Verfication Program for C++/C ..................................................................... 3 Method 2: Verfication Program for C++/C ..................................................................... 3 Method 3: Verfication Program for Java/C++/Others ........................................................ 4 Method 4: Shell script: Verfication Program for C++/C .................................................... 5 HTML Beautifier ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Howtos with Linuxdoc
    HOWTOs with LinuxDoc David S. Lawyer v0.09, November 2007 Questo testo tratta di come scrivere gli HOWTO usando il semplice linguaggio a marcatori (markup) LinuxDoc. È rivolto principalmente agli autori del Linux Documentation Project (e ad autori futuri alle prime armi che vogliono iniziare rapidamente). Se si vuole usare DocBook, il linguaggio a marcatori più completo e dicile, (incluso XML), vedere la LDP Authoring Guide (Guida per gli autori di LDP). Traduzione ed adattamenti in italiano a cura di Beatrice Torracca, beatricet (at) libero (dot) it, e Hugh Hartmann, hhartmann (at) libero (dot) it, revisione a cura di Vieri Giugni, v.giugni (at) gmail (dot) com). Per versioni aggiornate di questo documento, e per trovare altra documentazione in italiano sul software libero, visitare il sito dell' ILDP <http://it.ildp.org> Indice 1 Introduzione 2 1.1 Per partire immediatamente.....................................2 1.2 Copyright e licenza..........................................3 1.3 Perché si dovrebbe scrivere un HOWTO?.............................3 1.4 Perché ho scritto questo documento................................3 2 Informazioni sulla scrittura di un HOWTO3 2.1 Copyright...............................................3 2.2 Scegliere un argomento........................................3 3 Il formato degli HOWTO4 3.1 Introduzione..............................................4 4 LinuxDoc e DocBook a confronto4 5 Imparare LinuxDoc 6 5.1 Introduzione..............................................6 5.2 Esempio 1 (nome le: esempio1.sgml)...............................6 5.3 Esempio 2 (nome le: esempio2.sgml)...............................7 5.4 Esempio 3 (nome le: esempio3.sgml)...............................9 5.5 Guida di consultazione rapida di LinuxDoc............................ 11 5.5.1 Intestazione.......................................... 11 5.5.2 Impaginazione del corpo................................... 12 5.5.3 Tipi di carattere....................................... 12 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Open-Source Documentation
    Open-Source Documentation: In Search of User-Driven, Just-in-Time Writing Erik Berglund Michael Priestley Linköping University IBM Toronto Lab S-581 83, Linköping, Canada Sweden [email protected] + 46 13 28 24 93 [email protected] ABSTRACT Keywords Iterative development models allow developers to respond quickly Open source documentation, just-in-time, user-driven. to changing user requirements, but place increasing demands on writers who must handle increasing amounts of change with ever- 1. THE PROBLEM decreasing resources. In the software development world, one Over the years, the software industry has accepted that changing solution to this problem is open-source development: allowing the requirements are simply part of the software development process. users to set requirements and priorities by actually contributing to An allowance for client requirements change, even an expectation the development of the software. This results in just-in-time of change, is at the foundation of most software development software improvements that are explicitly user-driven, since they methodologies. The Rational Unified Process (RUP) illustrates are actually developed by users. this, and Extreme Programming (XP) exemplifies it. Taken to the In this article we will discuss how the open source model can be extreme, as it often is in open-source development, the extended to the development of documentation. In many open- functionality of the product may not be determined until the day it source projects, the role of writer has remained unchanged: is completed. documentation development remains a specialized activity, owned Continuous requirements change makes traditional methods of by a single writer or group of writers, who work as best they can software documentation difficult.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Free Software-SELF
    Introduction to Free Software Jordi Mas Hernández (coordinador) David Megías Jiménez (coordinador) Jesús M. González Barahona Joaquín Seoane Pascual Gregorio Robles XP07/M2101/02708 © FUOC • XP07/M2101/02708 Introduction to Free Software Jordi Mas Hernández David Megías Jiménez Jesús M. González Barahona Founding member of Softcatalà and Computer Science Engineer by the Professor in the Department of Tele- of the telematic network RedBBS. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona matic Systems and Computation of He has worked as a consultant in (UAB, Spain). Master in Advanced the Rey Juan Carlos University (Ma- companies like Menta, Telépolis, Vo- Process Automatisation Techniques drid, Spain), where he coordinates dafone, Lotus, eresMas, Amena and by the UAB. PhD. in Computer Sci- the research group LibreSoft. His Terra España. ence by the UAB. Associate Profes- professional areas of interest include sor in the Computer Science, Multi- the study of free software develop- media and Telecommunication De- ment and the transfer of knowledge partment of the Universitat Oberta in this field to the industrial sector. de Catalunya (UOC, Spain) and Di- rector of the Master Programme in Free Software at the UOC. Joaquín Seoane Pascual Gregorio Robles PhD. Enigeer of Telecommunicati- Assistant professor in the Rey Juan ons in the Politechnical University Carlos University (Madrid, Spain), of Madrid (Spain). He has worked where he acquired his PhD. de- in the private sector and has al- gree in February 2006. Besides his so taught in the Computer Scien- teaching tasks, he researches free ce Faculty of that same university. software development from the Nowadays he is professor in the De- point of view of software enginee- partment of Telematic Systems En- ring, with special focus in quantitati- gineering, and has taught courses ve issues.
    [Show full text]
  • Java Decompiler HOW-TO
    Java Decompiler HOW−TO Java Decompiler HOW−TO Table of Contents Java Decompiler HOW−TO..............................................................................................................................1 Al Dev (Alavoor Vasudevan) alavoor@yahoo.com...............................................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. How can I trust Java Decompiler ??!!..................................................................................................1 3. Related URLs.......................................................................................................................................1 4. Other Formats of this Document..........................................................................................................1 5. Copyright.............................................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. How can I trust Java Decompiler ??!!..................................................................................................2 3. Related URLs.......................................................................................................................................3 4. Other Formats of this Document..........................................................................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • Java Decompiler HOW-TO Java Decompiler HOW-TO Table of Contents Java Decompiler HOW-TO
    Java Decompiler HOW-TO Java Decompiler HOW-TO Table of Contents Java Decompiler HOW-TO..............................................................................................................................1 Al Dev (Alavoor Vasudevan) alavoor[AT]yahoo.com............................................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. How can I trust Java Decompiler ??!!..................................................................................................2 3. Related URLs.......................................................................................................................................2 4. Other Formats of this Document..........................................................................................................2 4.1 Acrobat PDF format..........................................................................................................................3 4.2 Convert Linuxdoc to Docbook format..............................................................................................4 4.3 Convert to MS WinHelp format.......................................................................................................4 4.4 Reading various formats...................................................................................................................4 5. Copyright.............................................................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Linux Information Sheet Linux Information Sheet
    Linux Information Sheet Linux Information Sheet Table of Contents Linux Information Sheet....................................................................................................................................1 Michael K. Johnson <[email protected]>.......................................................................................1 1.Introduction to Linux............................................................................................................................1 2.Linux Features......................................................................................................................................1 3.Hardware Issues....................................................................................................................................1 4.An Incomplete List of Ported Programs and Other Software...............................................................1 5.Who uses Linux?...................................................................................................................................1 6.Getting Linux........................................................................................................................................1 7.Legal Status of Linux............................................................................................................................2 8.News About Linux................................................................................................................................2 9.The Future.............................................................................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • Current Technologies for Device Independence
    Current Technologies for Device Independence Mark H. Butler Publishing Systems and Solutions Laboratory HP Laboratories Bristol HPL-2001-83 April 4th , 2001* world-wide web, Increasing numbers of users want to access web content from mobile, XML, devices such as WAP phones or PDA's. Creating content for device each device would be expensive and time consuming. This independent, report provides a survey of current technologies related to the adaptation creation of device independent web content and web applications. * Internal Accession Date Only Approved for External Publication Ó Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 2001 Current Technologies for Device Independence Page 2 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3 2 Devices..................................................................................................................... 3 3 Specifying Device Cap abilities ................................................................................... 4 3.1 HTTP Request Header Fields .............................................................................. 4 3.2 CC/PP Composite Capability Preferences Profile................................................. 5 3.3 WAP UAPROF ................................................................................................. 5 3.4 SyncML............................................................................................................ 6 3.5 Universal Plug and Play ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • First Example (Example1) First Example (Example1) Table of Contents
    First Example (example1) First Example (example1) Table of Contents David S. Lawyer......................................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. Information on Writing a HOWTO.....................................................................................................1 3. The Format of HOWTOs.....................................................................................................................1 4. Comparing LinuxDoc to DocBook......................................................................................................1 5. Learning LinuxDoc..............................................................................................................................1 6. Getting/Using the LinuxDoc Software................................................................................................1 7. Errors and Error Messages...................................................................................................................1 8. Jargon in Error Messages.....................................................................................................................1 9. Writing the HOWTO...........................................................................................................................2 10. More Information...............................................................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • Debian Euro HOWTO (Obsolete Documentation)
    Debian Euro HOWTO (Obsolete Documentation) Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña <[email protected]> version 1.2, june 4th 2003. Copyright Notice Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003 Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña. This document is distributed under the terms of the GNU Public License available at http: //www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html i Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Why euro support?....................................1 1.2 What is the euro symbol?................................1 1.3 Why all this fuss for just one character?........................2 1.4 Standards.........................................2 1.5 Is Debian euro-ready?..................................3 2 Automatic configuration5 2.1 The language-env package................................5 2.2 The euro-support package................................5 2.2.1 The euro-test program..............................6 2.3 The user-euro-XXX packages..............................6 3 Configuring euro support7 3.1 Initial considerations...................................7 3.2 Localisation issues....................................7 3.2.1 Locales in Debian 3.0...............................9 3.2.2 Locales in Debian 2.2...............................9 3.3 Configuring the Console................................. 10 3.3.1 Configuring the console keyboard....................... 10 3.3.2 How the keyboard is loaded in Debian.................... 11 3.3.3 Configuring the console fonts.......................... 11 3.4 Configuring the X environment............................. 12 3.4.1 Keyboard configuration............................
    [Show full text]
  • The Linux Kernel HOWTO
    The Linux Kernel HOWTO Al Dev (Alavoor Vasudevan) < alavoor[AT]yahoo.com > v6.7, 15 Aug 2003 This is a detailed guide to kernel configuration, compilation, upgrades, and troubleshooting for ix86−based systems. Can be useful for other architectures as well. This document is kept small & simple, so that even non−technical "home computer users" will be able to compile and run the Linux Kernel. The Linux Kernel HOWTO Table of Contents 1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 2. Quick Steps − Kernel Compile.......................................................................................................................2 2.1. Precautionary Preparations...............................................................................................................2 2.2. Minor Upgrading of Kernel..............................................................................................................2 2.3. New Release Changes: Documentation............................................................................................3 2.4. For the Impatient...............................................................................................................................3 2.5. Building New Kernel − Explanation of Steps..................................................................................3 2.6. Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Development Tools Release 2017.11.14
    Development tools Release 2017.11.14 Patrick Vergain 2017-12-9 Contents 1 Documentation 3 1.1 Documentation news...........................................3 1.1.1 Documentation news 2017...................................3 1.1.2 Documentation news 2016...................................3 1.2 Documentation Advices.........................................4 1.2.1 You are what you document (Monday, May 5, 2014).....................4 1.2.2 13 Things People Hate about Your Open Source Docs.....................5 1.2.3 Beautiful docs..........................................5 1.2.4 Designing Great API Docs (11 Jan 2012)...........................5 1.2.5 Docness.............................................5 1.2.6 Hacking distributed (february 2013)..............................6 1.2.7 Jacob Kaplan-Moss (November 10, 2009)...........................6 1.2.8 Agile documentation best practices...............................6 1.2.9 Best Practices for Documenting Technical Procedures Melanie Seibert............7 1.2.10 Plone..............................................7 1.2.11 Twilio..............................................7 1.2.12 Other advices..........................................7 1.3 Documentation generators........................................ 10 1.3.1 Sphinx.............................................. 10 1.3.2 Authorea............................................ 144 1.3.3 Doxygen............................................ 144 1.3.4 Javadoc............................................. 159 1.3.5 Jekyll.............................................
    [Show full text]