Lunar Capability Concept Review (LCCR)
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Frequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions What Types of Companies Are on the "Don't Test" List? This list includes companies that make cosmetics, personal-care products, household-cleaning products, and other common household products. All companies that are included on PETA's "don't test" list have signed our statement of assurance verifying that they and their ingredient suppliers don't conduct, commission, pay for, or allow any tests on animals for ingredients, formulations, or finished products anywhere in the world and will not do so in the future. We encourage consumers to support the companies on this list, since we know that they're committed to making products without harming animals. Companies on the "Do Test" list should be shunned until they implement a policy that prohibits animal testing. The "do test" list doesn't include companies that manufacture only products that are required by law to be tested on animals (e.g., pharmaceuticals and garden chemicals). Although PETA is opposed to all animal testing, our focus in those instances is less on the individual companies and more on the regulatory agencies that require animal testing. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Legend V - The company makes or sells strictly vegan products. L - The company has licensed PETA's official cruelty-free bunny logo. F - The company is a PETA Business Friend, and shopping at this company supports an innovative partnership for compassionate companies willing to assist in PETA's groundbreaking work to stop animal abuse and suffering. Companies Whose Products Are Available in Russian Federation L F 100% Pure 510-836-6500 http://www.100percentpure.com L 3INA https://3ina.com/ V L 66°30 https://66-30.com/en/ V L Abyssal Japan Co. -
LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) Observation Campaign: Strategies, Implementation, and Lessons Learned
Space Sci Rev DOI 10.1007/s11214-011-9759-y LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) Observation Campaign: Strategies, Implementation, and Lessons Learned Jennifer L. Heldmann · Anthony Colaprete · Diane H. Wooden · Robert F. Ackermann · David D. Acton · Peter R. Backus · Vanessa Bailey · Jesse G. Ball · William C. Barott · Samantha K. Blair · Marc W. Buie · Shawn Callahan · Nancy J. Chanover · Young-Jun Choi · Al Conrad · Dolores M. Coulson · Kirk B. Crawford · Russell DeHart · Imke de Pater · Michael Disanti · James R. Forster · Reiko Furusho · Tetsuharu Fuse · Tom Geballe · J. Duane Gibson · David Goldstein · Stephen A. Gregory · David J. Gutierrez · Ryan T. Hamilton · Taiga Hamura · David E. Harker · Gerry R. Harp · Junichi Haruyama · Morag Hastie · Yutaka Hayano · Phillip Hinz · Peng K. Hong · Steven P. James · Toshihiko Kadono · Hideyo Kawakita · Michael S. Kelley · Daryl L. Kim · Kosuke Kurosawa · Duk-Hang Lee · Michael Long · Paul G. Lucey · Keith Marach · Anthony C. Matulonis · Richard M. McDermid · Russet McMillan · Charles Miller · Hong-Kyu Moon · Ryosuke Nakamura · Hirotomo Noda · Natsuko Okamura · Lawrence Ong · Dallan Porter · Jeffery J. Puschell · John T. Rayner · J. Jedadiah Rembold · Katherine C. Roth · Richard J. Rudy · Ray W. Russell · Eileen V. Ryan · William H. Ryan · Tomohiko Sekiguchi · Yasuhito Sekine · Mark A. Skinner · Mitsuru Sôma · Andrew W. Stephens · Alex Storrs · Robert M. Suggs · Seiji Sugita · Eon-Chang Sung · Naruhisa Takatoh · Jill C. Tarter · Scott M. Taylor · Hiroshi Terada · Chadwick J. Trujillo · Vidhya Vaitheeswaran · Faith Vilas · Brian D. Walls · Jun-ihi Watanabe · William J. Welch · Charles E. Woodward · Hong-Suh Yim · Eliot F. Young Received: 9 October 2010 / Accepted: 8 February 2011 © The Author(s) 2011. -
Constellation Program Overview
Constellation Program Overview October 2008 hris Culbert anager, Lunar Surface Systems Project Office ASA/Johnson Space Center Constellation Program EarthEarth DepartureDeparture OrionOrion -- StageStage CrewCrew ExplorationExploration VehicleVehicle AresAres VV -- HeavyHeavy LiftLift LaunchLaunch VehicleVehicle AltairAltair LunarLunar LanderLander AresAres II -- CrewCrew LaunchLaunch VehicleVehicle Lunar Capabilities Concept Review EstablishedEstablished Lunar Lunar Transportation Transportation EstablishEstablish Lunar Lunar Surface SurfaceArchitecturesArchitectures ArchitectureArchitecture Point Point of of Departure: Departure: StrategiesStrategies which: which: Satisfy NASA NGO’s to acceptable degree ProvidesProvides crew crew & & cargo cargo delivery delivery to to & & from from the the Satisfy NASA NGO’s to acceptable degree within acceptable schedule moonmoon within acceptable schedule Are consistent with capacity and capabilities ProvidesProvides capacity capacity and and ca capabilitiespabilities consistent consistent Are consistent with capacity and capabilities withwith candidate candidate surface surface architectures architectures ofof the the transportation transportation systems systems ProvidesProvides sufficient sufficient performance performance margins margins IncludeInclude set set of of options options fo for rvarious various prioritizations prioritizations of cost, schedule & risk RemainsRemains within within programmatic programmatic constraints constraints of cost, schedule & risk ResultsResults in in acceptable -
Go for Lunar Landing Conference Report
CONFERENCE REPORT Sponsored by: REPORT OF THE GO FOR LUNAR LANDING: FROM TERMINAL DESCENT TO TOUCHDOWN CONFERENCE March 4-5, 2008 Fiesta Inn, Tempe, AZ Sponsors: Arizona State University Lunar and Planetary Institute University of Arizona Report Editors: William Gregory Wayne Ottinger Mark Robinson Harrison Schmitt Samuel J. Lawrence, Executive Editor Organizing Committee: William Gregory, Co-Chair, Honeywell International Wayne Ottinger, Co-Chair, NASA and Bell Aerosystems, retired Roberto Fufaro, University of Arizona Kip Hodges, Arizona State University Samuel J. Lawrence, Arizona State University Wendell Mendell, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Clive Neal, University of Notre Dame Charles Oman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology James Rice, Arizona State University Mark Robinson, Arizona State University Cindy Ryan, Arizona State University Harrison H. Schmitt, NASA, retired Rick Shangraw, Arizona State University Camelia Skiba, Arizona State University Nicolé A. Staab, Arizona State University i Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................2 Notes...............................................................................................................................3 THE APOLLO EXPERIENCE............................................................................................4 Panelists...........................................................................................................................4 -
NASA Process for Limiting Orbital Debris
NASA-HANDBOOK NASA HANDBOOK 8719.14 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Approved: 2008-07-30 Washington, DC 20546 Expiration Date: 2013-07-30 HANDBOOK FOR LIMITING ORBITAL DEBRIS Measurement System Identification: Metric APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE – DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED NASA-Handbook 8719.14 This page intentionally left blank. Page 2 of 174 NASA-Handbook 8719.14 DOCUMENT HISTORY LOG Status Document Approval Date Description Revision Baseline 2008-07-30 Initial Release Page 3 of 174 NASA-Handbook 8719.14 This page intentionally left blank. Page 4 of 174 NASA-Handbook 8719.14 This page intentionally left blank. Page 6 of 174 NASA-Handbook 8719.14 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 SCOPE...........................................................................................................................13 1.1 Purpose................................................................................................................................ 13 1.2 Applicability ....................................................................................................................... 13 2 APPLICABLE AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS................................................14 3 ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS ...........................................................................15 3.1 Acronyms............................................................................................................................ 15 3.2 Definitions ......................................................................................................................... -
Dream Center for Lunar Science: a Three Year Summary Report
Annual Meeting of the Lunar Exploration Analysis Group (2012) 3027.pdf DREAM CENTER FOR LUNAR SCIENCE: A THREE YEAR SUMMARY REPORT. W. M. Farrell1,3, R. M. Killen1,3, and G. T. Delory2,3, 1Solar System Exploration Division, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 2Space Science Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 3NASA’s Lunar Science Institute, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. Abstract. In early 2009, the Dynamic Response of the Environment At the Moon (DREAM) lunar sci- ence center became a supporting team of NASA's Lu- nar Science Institute specifically to study the solar- lunar connection and understand the response of the lunar plasma, exosphere, dust, and near-surface envi- ronments to solar variations. DREAM especially em- phasizes the effect extreme events like solar storms and impacts have on the plasma-surface-gas dynamical system. One of the center's hallmark contribution is the solar storm/lunar atmosphere modeling (SSLAM) study that cross-integrated a large number of the cen- The Solar-Lunar Connection studies by DREAM. Solar ener- ter's models to determine the effect a strong solar storm gy and matter stimulate the lunar surface, resulting in an exo- has at the Moon. The results from this intramural event sphere, exo-ionosphere, lifted dust, and plasma flow layers. will be described herein. A number of other key studies were performed, including a unique ground-based observation of the LCROSS impact-generated sodium plume, exo- atmosphere modeling studies, and focused studies on the formation and distribution of lunar water. The team is supporting ARTEMIS lunar plasma interaction stud- ies via modeling/data validation efforts, especially ex- amining ion reflection from magnetic anomalies and pick-up ions from the Moon. -
Sounding Rockets 2013 Annual Report
National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Sounding Rockets Annual Report 2013 The NASA Sounding Rockets Program has closed another highly successful op- erational year with the completion of 19 successful flights. As of October 2013, the program has had 100% success on 38 flights over a period of 24 months. This is an impressive accomplishment. The scientific teams, the technical and administrative sounding rocket staff, and the launch ranges are to be congratu- lated on a job well done! This year involved flights from Wallops Flight Facility (Virginia), White Sands Missile Range (New Mexico), the Kwajalein Atoll (Marshall Islands), and Poker Flat Research Range (Alaska). The Kwajalein campaign involved four rockets designed to probe the equatorial ionosphere and gain a better understanding of plasma energies and particle dynamics af- fecting the Earth. Multiple telescope missions were flown from White Sands Missile Range to study the Sun, the interstellar medium, and distant galaxies. Message from the Chief Message Flights from Wallops and Alaska have furthered our understanding of how the Phil Eberspeaker Earth and Sun interact. With every flight, NASA added to the body of scien- Chief, Sounding Rockets Program Office tific knowledge that will help unravel a host of scientific mysteries. The Sounding Rockets Program also continued to cultivate young minds by offering two university-level flight opportunities. Approximately 250 students from universities around the country had the opportunity to fly experiments aboard two-stage sounding rockets in 2013. The Sounding Rockets Program once again provided a unique teacher training workshop known as WRATS. With the knowledge obtained from this experience, teachers returned to the classroom with exciting options for enhancing their STEM curriculum. -
Public Scan.Pdf
Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Program Commercial & International Lunar Communications and Navigation Studies Calvin Ramos (for Jim Schier) 13 May 2008 DRAFT SCaN Interface with Customers/Missions Space Communications & Navigation - Not Just Important, It's Vital 2 State of “Commercial” in SCaN • Space Network (SN)/Tracking & Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) is & will remain Government Owned/Government Operated (GOGO) • Deep Space Network (DSN) is GOGO; contains significant unique technology not in industry; no market beyond NASA – Not a good candidate for commercialization • Ground Network (GN) is ~1/3 GOGO & 2/3 Contractor Owned & Operated (COCO) in transition to 90% COCO • NASA Integrated Services Network (NISN) runs entirely on AT&T • Lunar Network (LN) conceived to support Science & Exploration missions – Subject of new commercial and international study Space Communications & Navigation - Not Just Important, It's Vital 3 Science & Exploration Drivers • SMD - ILN of 6-12 surface stations • ILN Kickoff (12 March 2008) - open to participation by all national space agencies • Initial lunar surface stations in the geophysical network may launch as early as 2011 (UK) or 2013 (US) Space Communications & Navigation - Not Just Important, It's Vital 4 Science & Exploration Drivers • ESMD Studies to date have treated Communication & Navigation (C&N) as if entirely provided by NASA – Lunar Architecture Team Phase 1 & 2 (2006-2007) – Constellation Architecture Team Lunar Surface Systems (CxAT LSS) (2008) • Initial Altair lunar -
ALTAIR - Design & Progress on the Space Launch Vehicle Design
DOI: 10.13009/EUCASS2017-575 7TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE FOR AERONAUTICS AND SPACE SCIENCES (EUCASS) ALTAIR - Design & Progress on the Space Launch Vehicle Design Cédric Dupont*, Andrea Tromba*, Bastien Haemmerli**, Eduard Diez*** , Giulio Molinari****, Christoph Karl**** * Bertin Technologies, France – [email protected], [email protected] **NAMMO Raufoss AS, P.O. Box 162, NO-2831 Raufoss, Norway – [email protected] *** GTD Sistemas de Información S.A, Spain - [email protected] ***** ETH Zürich, Switzerland – [email protected], [email protected] Abstract ALTAIR is an innovative air-launch system consisting of a reusable unmanned aircraft carrier, an expendable launch vehicle and a cost-effective ground segment. The autonomous aircraft brings the launcher at altitude; following the release, the launcher boosts the payload to the intended orbit. This paper presents the launcher design at the project mid-term. Primary aims of the development are risk mitigation, cost savings, reliability and high performance. The project leverages collaborative engineering, design-to-cost techniques and multidisciplinary design optimization strategies. The resulting design utilizes low-cost hybrid propulsion, lightweight composite structures, innovative avionics and a smart multi-mission upper-stage to simultaneously attain all goals. 1. Introduction The market of satellite launches will drastically change in the coming decade. While being nowadays monopolised by the needs of massive and expensive satellites, requiring heavy launchers of the size of the Proton M, Delta IV or Ariane 5, it is foreseen that another product will take a large share of the global market: small satellites in the 50-150 kg range. This growth will be mainly driven by two factors. -
Project Alshain: a Lunar Flying Vehicle for Rapid Universal Surface Access
Project Alshain: A Lunar Flying Vehicle for Rapid Universal Surface Access University of Maryland, College Park ENAE484: Space Systems Design Faculty Advisors Dr. David Akin Dr. Mary Bowden Student Team Sarah Beal* Alex Janas* Zachary Neumann Theodor Talvac Nicholas D'Amore* Adam Kirk Nathaniel Niles Andrew Turner Pratik Dave Matthew Kosmer Joseph Park Neil Vasilak Amirhadi Ekrami Ryan Lebois Kush Patel Scott Weinberg Edwin Fernandes Arber Masati Fazle Siddique Andrew Wilson Adam Halperin* Andrew McLaren Michael Sotak Jarred Young Bryan Han Breanne McNerney* Nitin Sydney* Jolyon Zook * Student leads Submission Date: 5/25/2009 Introduction Since the Apollo program, the United States has foregone going to the Moon in order to focus on other space applications. However, with the advent of the Constellation Program, NASA plans a triumphant manned return to the moon, and the establishment of a permanent lunar base near the south pole. One goal of the base is to further exploration and research of the lunar surface. With the installation of a permanent outpost, a transportation infrastructure must be developed in order to efficiently travel, research, and explore the Moon’s surface. Since a permanent outpost has never been developed, one can use the Antarctic base infrastructure as an analogue to what means of transportation must be made available in such an uninhabitable, unexplored environment. For example, in Antarctica, scientists have the means to travel short distances between buildings and around the base using snowmobiles, and the ability to conduct longer research missions using closed cabin vehicles. The use of helicopters and aircraft enables unsurpassed range and speed for long distance missions. -
ALTAIR: Millennium's DARPA Seeme Satellite Solution Technical (R
SSC14-III-2 ALTAIR™ : Millennium’s DARPA SeeMe Satellite Solution Technical (R)evolution Michael Scardera, Matt Baker, Reid Reynolds, Shalini Reddy, Kevin Kellogg, Michael Mahoney, Paul Silversmith, Natalie Rodriguez, Peter Dohm Millennium Space Systems 2265 E. El Segundo Blvd. El Segundo, CA 90245; (310) 683-5853 [email protected] ABSTRACT Millennium Space Systems ALTAIR™ “27U” satellite developed under DARPA’s SeeMe (Space Enabled Effects for Military Engagements) program represents a game-changing spacecraft class addressing military, civil, and commercial needs, balancing extreme affordability, performance, and schedule responsiveness. DARPA’s overarching requirement called for a 24-spacecraft constellation, with satellites flying in any orbit, at less than $500K cost each, and with readiness to launch 90 days after call-up. This paper discusses the design process and lessons learned during high-altitude balloon tests and full engineering-model spacecraft development to achieve both high performance and low cost. We describe the driving spacecraft innovations to successfully achieve DARPA’s requirements. Innovations include payload performance, 3-D printed structure, GN&C/ACS Suite performance, communications system approach, Flight Software Implementation, Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) part usage, development & production approaches, and enabling constellation technologies. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. Distribution Statement "A" (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited). INTRODUCTION the spacecraft can fly in any orbit including high LEO, Millennium’s ALTAIR™ satellite implements a low- MEO, and GEO cost, high-performance vision for spacecraft design, manufacture, launch, and operations. -
The Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) Payload Development and Performance in Flight
Space Sci Rev (2012) 167:23–69 DOI 10.1007/s11214-011-9753-4 The Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) Payload Development and Performance in Flight Kimberly Ennico · Mark Shirley · Anthony Colaprete · Leonid Osetinsky Received: 8 October 2010 / Accepted: 25 January 2011 / Published online: 19 February 2011 © US Government 2011 Abstract The primary objective of the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) was to confirm the presence or absence of water ice in a permanently shad- owed region (PSR) at a lunar pole. LCROSS was classified as a NASA Class D mission. Its payload, the subject of this article, was designed, built, tested and operated to support a condensed schedule, risk tolerant mission approach, a new paradigm for NASA science missions. All nine science instruments, most of them ruggedized commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS), successfully collected data during all in-flight calibration campaigns, and most im- portantly, during the final descent to the lunar surface on October 9, 2009, after 112 days in space. LCROSS demonstrated that COTS instruments and designs with simple interfaces, can provide high-quality science at low-cost and in short development time frames. Building upfront into the payload design, flexibility, redundancy where possible even with the science measurement approach, and large margins, played important roles for this new type of pay- load. The environmental and calibration approach adopted by the LCROSS team, compared to existing standard programs, is discussed. The description, capabilities, calibration and in- flight performance of each instrument are summarized. Finally, this paper goes into depth about specific areas where the instruments worked differently than expected and how the flexibility of the payload team, the knowledge of instrument priority and science trades, and proactive margin maintenance, led to a successful science measurement by the LCROSS payload’s instrument complement.