Andromeda M31: Great Andromeda Galaxy. Spiral. 3.28 mag. 2.54 Mly. (Plus M31 & M101). Andromeda NGC 891: Spiral Galaxy. Caldwell 23. 9.80 mag. 32 Mly. Andromeda Upsilon And: Double Star. Four planets orbit primary. 4.09 mag. 44.0 ly. Andromeda Gamma1,2 And: Double Star. (Almach). 2.17 / 5.02 mag. Sep 9.8” 390 ly. Andromeda VX And: Carbon Star. 8.51 mag. 1300 ly.

Aries Lambda Arietis: Double Star. 4.76 / 6.65 mag. Sep 37.2” 130 lys. Aries Gamma Arietis: Double Star. (Mesarthim). 3.9 mag. Sep 7.1” 164 ly.

Augria M36: Open Cluster. (Pinwheel Cluster) 6.00 mag. 4300 ly. Augria M37: Open Cluster. 5.59 mag. 4500 ly. Augria M38: Open Cluster (Starfish Cluster) 6.40 mag. 4600 ly. Auriga NGC 1907: Open Cluster mag 8.2 Augria Theta Aur: Double Star. 37 Aur. 2.65 / 7.20 mag. Sep 4” 166 ly. Augria B34: Dark Nebula. Two degrees west of M37. About ½ degree in size. Auriga IC 405: (Flaming Star Nebula). Caldwell 31. 5 ly across. 1500 ly distant. Auriga UU Aurigae Carbon Star. 5.42 mag. 1800 ly

Bootes Mu1 : A fine triple. 51 Bootis. (Alkalurops). 4.30 / 7.09 mag. Sep 109.4” 120 ly. Bootes Epsilon Boo: Double Star 36 Bootis. (Izar). 4.65 / 2.58 mag. Sep 2.9” 203 ly. Bootes Xi Bootis: Double Star.One of closest systems to Earth. 4.76 / 6.95 mag. Sep 5.32 21.8 ly. Bootes i Bootis: Double Star. 6.08 / 4.83 mag. Sep 0.4” 40.8 ly. Bootes Delta Bootis: Double Star. 3.47 / 7.89 mag. Sep 106.1” 122ly.

Camelopardalis 1 Cam: Double Star. 6.94 / 11.36 mag. Sep 150.7” 2900 ly. Camelopardalis NGC 2403: Intermediate Spiral Galaxy. Caldwell 7. 8.9 mag. 8 Mly. Northern spiral arm connects to the star forming region NGC 2404

Cancer Iota Cancri: Double Star. 48 Cancri. 4.01 / 5.99 mag. Sep 30.1” 300 ly. Cancer Zeta1 Cancri: Multiple Star System. 16 Cancri. (Tegmen). 6.01 / 5.85 mag. Sep 1.1” 83 ly. Cancer M67: Open Cluster. 6.90 mag. 2600 ly. 12 ly diameter. 4 billion yrs old. Cancer M67 Open Cluster. One of oldest. 6.90 mag. 2700 ly. Cancer T Cancri: Carbon Star. 8.68 mag. Cancer M44 Open Cluster. Beehive / Praesepe. One of nearest. 3.09 mag. 610 ly.

Canes Venatici M51: Spiral Galaxy. The Whirlpool Galaxy. 7.92 mag. 28 Mly. Canes Venatici M63: Spiral Galaxy. 8.52 mag. 29 Mly. Canes Venatici M94: Spiral Galaxy. 7.88 mag. 14 Mly. Canes Venatici M106: Spiral Galaxy. 8.31 mag. 25 Mly. Canes Venatici NGC 4449: Irregular Galaxy. 9.81 mag. Canes Venatici NGC 4631: Barred Spiral Galaxy. Caldwell 32. Whale Galaxy. 8.89 mag. 24Mly. Canes Venatici Cor Caroli: Double star. Alpha1. One of best. 5.84 / 2.85 mag. Sep 19.3” 120 ly. Canes Venatici Beta CM: Sun like star. What the Sun would look like at stellar distance. 27 ly. Canes Venatici M3 Globular Cluster. Splendid sight. 6.19 mag. 34000 ly. Canis Major 17 Cma: Double Star. 5.80 / 8.66 mag. Sep 43.0” 500 ly. Canis Major h3934: Double Star. 6.91 / 8.49 mag. Sep A,BC: 13.7” BC: 0.60” Canis Major h3945: Double Star. 145 cma. Winter Alberio. 5.0 / 5.9 mag. Sep 26.8. 6273 ly. Canis Major h3938: Double Star. 6.32 / 9.10 mag. Sep 19.4” 1576 ly. Canis Major M41: Open Cluster. A splendid sight. Approx 100 stars. 4.50 mag. 2350 ly.

Cassiopeia Iota Cass: Double Star. 4.63/6.92 mag 2.6” Sep 133 ly. Cassiopeia Sigma Cass: Double Star. 8 Cass. 4.88 / 7.24 mag. 3.1” Sep. 1400 ly. Cassiopeia Eta Cas: Double Star. (Achird). 7.51 mag. 19.4 ly. Cassiopeia NGC 7789: Open Cluster. (Caroline's Rose). 6.7 mag. 1.7 Billion years old. 8000 ly. Cassiopeia M52: Open Cluster. Fine rich cluster. 7.3 mag. 200 stars. Approx 4000 ly. Cassiopeia NGC 457: Open Cluster. (Owl Cluster). Caldwell 13. 6.40 mag. 7900 ly. Cassiopeia NGC 663: Open Cluster. Caldwell 10. 7.09 mag. 7900 ly. Cassiopeia NGC 457: Open Cluster. Caldwell 13 (Owl Cluster) 6.40 mag. 7900 ly. Cassiopeia NGC 869: Double Cluster. Caldwell 14. 5.30 mag. 6800 ly. Cassiopeia IC 1805, IC1848: Heart & Soul Nebulae. Complex of stars & nebulosity. Cassiopeia NGC 281: Emission Nebula. (Pacman Nebula). Includes IC1590 open cluster.

Cepheus Mu Cephei: The Garnet Star. Red Supergiant. North star on Mars. 4.01 mag. 1800 ly. Cepheus Gamma Cephei: Star (Errai). Visually brightest with planet. 3.22 mag. 45 ly. Cepheus NGC 188: Open Cluster. Caldwell 1. 9 mag. 9 billion yrs old. Oldest Known. Cepheus NGC 7023 Open Cluster & reflection nebula. Caldwell 4. (Iris Nebula). 7.19 mag. 1400 ly. Cepheus NGC 188: Open Cluster. Caldwell 1. Very old@5 billion yrs. 8.10 mag. 56000 ly. Cepheus NGC 6946: Spiral Galaxy (Fireworks Galaxy). Caldwell 12. 8.88 mag. 22Mly. Cepheus 17 Cep: Double Star. mag 4.5 / 6.4 Sep 8.0” 96.5 ly. Cepheus 34 Cep: Double Star.

Coma Ber M88: Spiral Galaxy. 9.36 mag 36 Mly. Coma Ber M64: Spiral Galaxy (Black Eye Galaxy). 8.38 mag 14 Mly. Coma Ber NGC 4725: Barred Spiral Galaxy. 9.2 mag 14 Mly.

Cygnus M39: Open Cluster. 4.59 mag. 1100 ly. Cygnus M29: Open Cluster. 6.59 mag. 30 stars 11 ly in diameter. 6000 ly. Cygnus NGC 6910: Open Cluster. Located in Orion arm of Milky Way. Cygnus 61 Cygni: Double Star. (Piazzi's flying star). First star distance measured 6.05 mag. 11.4 ly. Cygnus Beta Cygni: Double Star. (Albireo). 4.67 mag. 430 ly. Cygnus U Cygni: Carbon Star. Double star. Mira-type. 8.48 mag. 1700 ly. Cygnus NGC 7027: Planetary Nebula. 600 years old. 10 mag. 3000 ly. Cygnus NGC 6826: Planetary Nebula. Caldwell 15. (blinking planetary). 8.89 mag. 4000 ly. Cygnus NGC 7000 Nebula (The North America Nebula) Caldwell 20. Bino’s from a dark site. 4.00 mag. 2600 ly. Cygnus NGC 6900 Supernove Remnant. (Veil nebula) Caldwell 34. 5.00 mag. 2600 ly.

Draco M102: Lenticular Galaxy. (Spindle Galaxy) 10.2 mag. 47 M ly. Draco NGC 5907: Spiral Galaxy. 10.7 mag. Draco 14 Dra: Double Star. 2.8 / 8.2 mag Sep 4.8” 92.1 ly.

Gemini NGC2392: Planetary Nebula. (Eskimo nebula). Caldwell 39. 9.19 mag. 4200 ly. Gemini NGC 2392: Planetary Nebula. (Eskimo Nebula). Caldwell 39. 9.19 mag. Gemini Medusa Nebula: Planetary Nebula. (Abel 21). Gemini 18 /nu Gem: Double Star. mag 4.1/8 Sep 112.6” Gemini 27 Gem: Double Star. mag 3.1 / 9.6 Sep 7.3” 110.1 ly. Gemini 30 Gem: Double Star. mag 4.48 / 13.00 Sep 21.2” Gemini 54 Gem: Double Star. 54 Gem: (Alkbash). mag 3.6 / 10.7 Sep 9.3” 101 ly Gemini 55/Delta Gem: Double Star. (Wasat). 3.53 /8.18 mag. Sep 5.4” 60.5 ly. Gemini 77 Gem: Double Star. (Al Kirkab). mag 3.7/8.2 Sep 7.25” Gemini Alpha Gem: Double Star. (Castor) mag 1.56. 51 ly. 1st grav bound objs outsde solar system. Gemini M35: Open Cluster. 5.09 mag. 3000 ly. Gemini NGC 2158: Open Cluster. Near M35. Gemini NGC 2355: Open Cluster. 9.7 mag. 5400 ly.

Hercules M13: Globular Cluster. 5.78 mag. 1 M stars approx. 145 ly diameter. 23,000 ly. Hercules M92: Globular Cluster. 6.44 mag. 100 ly diameter. 27,000 ly. Hercules Zeta Herculis: Double Star. 2.84 mag. 35 ly.

Hydra M68: Globular Cluster. 7.84 mag. 33,000 ly. Hydra M48: Open Cluster. 5.80 mag. 2500 ly. Hydra M83: Spiral Galaxy. (Southern Pinwheel). Very close and bright. 7.09 mag. 16 Mly. Hydra NGC 3242: Planetary Nebula. (Ghost of Jupiter). 7.30 mag. 3600 lys. Hydra V hydrae: Carbon Star. 7.59 mag. 2300 ly.

Leo Gamma leonis: Double Star. (Algieba). 2.23 mag. 130 ly. Leo 54 Leonis: Double Star. 4.48 mag. 287 ly. Leo Beta Leonis: Double Star. (Denebola). 2.13 mag. 36 ly. Leo M105: Elliptical Galaxy. 9.25 mag. 36.6 M ly. Leo M65: Spiral Galaxy. 9.16 mag. 42 M ly. Leo M66: Spiral Galaxy. 8.91 mag. 37 M ly. Leo M96: Intermediate Spiral Galaxy. (Forms pair with M95). 9.13 mag. 31 M ly. Leo M95: Barred Spiral Galaxy. (Forms pair with M96). 9.72 mag. 32 M ly. Leo The Triplet: M65 ,M66, NGC3628 galaxies. Leo NGC 2903: Barred Spiral Galaxy. 9.7m mag. 30 M ly.

Lepus M79: Globular Cluster. 7.73 mag. 40 000 ly. Lepus R leporis: Hind’s Crimson star. Rare carbon star. Coppery red colour. 8.07 mag. 1300 ly.

Lynx NGC 2419: Globular Cluster. (Intergalactic Wander) Caldwell 25. 10.4 mag. (12-inch) 300,000 ly. Most distant globular cluster associated with Milky Way.

Lyra NGC6791: Open Cluster. 8 - 9.5 Billion years old. 9.5 mag. 13 000 ly. Lyra M56: Globular Cluster. 8.27 mag. 31000 ly. Lyra M57: Planetary Nebula (Ring Nebula). 1 ly diameter. Lyra Epsilon Lyrae: “Double Double” Lyra T lyrae: Carbon Star. 8.18 mag. 2300 ly.

Puppis M93: Open Cluster. 6.19 mag. 3400 ly. Puppis M46: Open Cluster. 6.09 mag. 4900 ly. Puppis M47: Open Cluster. 4.40.mag. 1600 ly.

Monoceros Beta Monocerotis: Double Star, triplet. 5.01 mag. 680 ly. Monoceros EpsilonMonocerotis: Double Star. 4.40 mag. 122 ly. Monoceros NGC 2238: Rosette Nebula. 5.50 mag. 5500 ly. Monoceres M50: Open Cluster. 5.90 mag. 3100 ly. Monoceros NGC2349: Open Cluster. Monoceros NGC2264: Open Cluster and Neb. Christmas Tree Cluster. 4.1 mag.

Orion 32 Ori: Double Star. 5.75 / 4.23 mag. Sep 1.4” 303 ly. Orion Delta Ori: Double Star. (Mintaka). 6.76 / 2.41 mag. Sep 53.3” 2300 ly. Orion Zeta Ori Double Star. (Alnitak). 1.74 mag. 740 ly. Orion Iota Ori: Double Star. 44 Ori. (Nair al Saif). 7.73 / 9.81 mag. Sep 40.3” 2300 ly. Orion Beta Ori: Double Star. 19 Ori. (Rigel). 0.28 / 6.80 mag. Sep 9.5” 860 ly. Orion BL Ori: Carbon Star. 6.30 mag. 1300 ly. Orion Sigma Ori: Quintuple Star. 3.80 mag. 1100 ly. Orion Struve 761: Multiple Star. Orion Lambda Orionis: Multiple Star. ( Meissa). 3.39 / 5.45 mag. Sep 4.5” 1100 ly. Orion NGC 2194: Open Cluster. Mag 8.5. 12,320 ly. Orion NGC 2112: Open Cluster. 9.10 mag. 3064.4 ly. Orion NGC 2169: Open Cluster. 5.9 mag. 3600 ly. Orion M78: Bright Nebula. 8.30 mag. 1600 ly. Orion Barnard's Loop. Orion NGC 2174 Emission Nebula. (Monkey Head Nebula). 6.8 mag. 6400 ly.

Perseus Theta Persei: Double Star. 4.11/10.00 mag. Sep 20.4” 36.6 ly. Perseus Eta Persei: Double Star. 3.75 mag. 880 ly. Perseus HR 890/891: Double Star. 5.26 mag. 460 ly. Perseus NGC 1023: Barred Lenticular Galaxy. 10.35 mag. Perseus NGC 1528 / 1545 Open Cluster. (Running Man). Perseus NGC 869: Open Cluster. (Double Cluster) Caldwell 14. 5.30 mag. 6800 ly. Perseus NGC 884: Open Cluster (Double Cluster) Caldwell 14. 6.09 mag. 9600ly. Perseus M34: Open Cluster. About 80 stars. 5.19 mag 1400 ly. Perseus M76: Planetary Nebulae. (Little Dumbell Nebula) 10.10 mag. 5600 ly. Perseus NGC 1499: Emission Nebula. (The California Nebula). 6.0 mag 1000 ly.

Pleiades The Merope Nebula:

Taurus Alpha Tauri Double star (Aldebaran). Orange giant 0.99 mag. 66.6 ly. Pioneer 10 will reach and pass Aldebaran in about two million years. Taurus 118 Tauri: Double Star. 5.84 mag. 430 ly. Taurus Chi Tauri: Double Star. 5.38 mag. 291 ly. Taurus NGC 1514: Planetary Nebula. (Crystal ball nebula) 9.3 mag. 2200 ly. Taurus NGC 1746: Asterism. Taurus NGC 1647: Open Cluster. 6.4 mag. 1800 ly. Visible with binoculars close to Aldebaran. Taurus M1: Supernove Remnant & Crab Pulsar. First noted 1054. 8.39 mag. 6200 ly.

Triangulum 6 Trianguli: Double Star. 5.15 mag. 291 ly. Triangulum M33: Spiral Galaxy. (Pinwheel Galaxy). Clumps and knots visible 5.79 mag. 3M ly.

Ursa Major NGC 2841: Spiral Galaxy. 10.1 mag. 46 M ly. Ursa Major M101: Spiral Galaxy. (PinWheel Galaxy). 7.77 mag. 23 M ly. Ursa Major M97: Planetary Nebula. (Owl nebula). 9.80 mag. 1700 ly. Ursa Major M81: Spiral Galaxy. (Bode’s Nebulae). 6.77 mag. 12 Mly. Ursa Major M82: Spiral Galaxy. (Bode’s Nebulae). 8.02 mag. 12 Mly. Ursa Major M108: Spiral Galaxy. 10.2 mag. 32 M ly. Ursa Major M109: Spiral Galaxy. 9.62 mag. 82 M ly. Ursa Major NGC 3631: Spiral Galaxy. 10.6 mag. Ursa Major NGC 3953: Barred Spiral Galaxy. 10.6 mag. Bars are found in between one third and two thirds of all spiral galaxies. Ursa Major NGC 4026: Lenticular Galaxy. 10.7 mag. (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical and a spiral galaxy.

Virgo NGC 4567/68: Unbarred Spiral Galaxies. (The Siamese Twins /Butterfly Galaxies). 10.9 mag. Virgo NGC 4697: Elliptical Galaxy. Caldwell 52. 10.97 mag. 50 Mly. Virgo M59: Elliptical Galaxy. Contains 2000 globular clusters. 9.59 mag. 48 Mly. Virgo NGC4435/38: Pairs of Galaxies. (The Eyes Galaxies). 10 mag. 52 Mly. Virgo M86: Elliptical Galaxy. (Markarian’s Chain). 8.79 mag. 57 Mly. Virgo M87: Elliptical Galaxy. 8.67 mag. 55 Mly.

Alpha Α α Beta Β β Gamma Γ γ Delta Δ δ Epsilon Ε ε Zeta Ζ ζ Eta Η η Theta Θ θ ϑ Iota Ι ι Kappa Κ κ Lambda Λ λ Mu Μ μ Nu Ν ν Xi Ξ ξ Omicron Ο ο Pi Π π Rho Ρ ρ Sigma Σ σ ς Tau Τ τ Upsilon Υ υ Phi Φ φ Chi Χ χ Psi Ψ ψ Omega Ω ω

Degrees, minutes and seconds are all measurements of angles in the sky. Strictly speaking they are degrees, minutes and seconds of arc. The Moon is about half a degree across. When it comes to sizes smaller than a degree, we use minutes, with 60 minutes to a degree (written 60′). So the Moon is about 30′ across (it varies a bit over the month). The planets are a lot smaller, and their sizes are measured in arc seconds (written ″). Jupiter is generally the largest, and varies from about 30″ to 45″. Mars never gets bigger than around 25″, and is usually a lot smaller, while the outer planets are only two or three arc seconds across.