Federal Register I Vol. 55, No. 4 1 Friday, January 5, 1990 1 Rules and Regulations 429

greenish-white tinged with purplish-pink in cojor. The fruit is a cylindrical legume 13—20 cm (5—8 inches) in length. Flowering occurs from mid-June through August, with fruits present from late August through September (Kral 1983, Medley 1980, Woods 1988). This species can be distinguished from americana (ground-nut), the only other North American species of Apias, on several taxonomic characters. Most notable is thesingle large tuber of Apiospriceana, as compared to the multiple small tubers in . typically has larger , more leaflets, and longer fruits. The standard petal (uppermost petal) is more yellow-green than purplish-maroon (as in Apias americana), and has a fleshy mucro-like appendage at its tip (Kral1983, Medley 1980, Woods 1988). Apios priceana is of potential economic importance as a food crop. Its large single tuber is edible (National Academy of. Sciences 1979, Walter et a]. 1986) and it may have been a food source for Indians and pioneers (Medley 1980), as was the more common Apios americana (Yanovsky 1936, National Academy of Sciences 1979, Seabrook and Dionne 1976). Walter (et a]. 1986) suggests that Apias priceana is perhaps or loss of habitat through cattle grazing! most valuable as a source of germ plasm trampling, clear-cutting and succession. for breeding with other Apios species. Those sites near roadsides or powerline Such hybridization would increase tuber rights-of-way are potentially threatened size and expand land utilized, since by herbicide application. This action Apios priceana can grow in highly will extend theAct’s protection to Apios alkaline, wooded habitats (Walter et a]. - priceana. 1986). EFFECTIVE DAlE: February 5, 1990. This species was first collected by 5OCFRPart 17 ADDRESS: The complete file for this rule Sadie Price near Bowling Green in RIN 1018-AB31 is available for inspection, by Warren County, in 1896 and appointment, during normal business later described by Robinson (1898). Endangered and Threatened Wildlife hours at the Jackson. Field Apias priceana was transferred to and Threatened Status for Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sefvice, G]ycinepriceana by Britton and Brown Aplos Priceana (Price’s -bean) Jackson Mall Office Center, Suite 316, in 1913, a transfer that was invalid since AGENCY: Fish arid Wildlife Service, 300 Woodrow Wilson Avenue, Jackson, Apios had already been conserved over Mississippi 39213. Interior. G]ycine (Woods 1988). FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACt Apins pric~anais thought to be a ACTiON: Final rule. — Cary Norquist at the above address native of forest openings (Medley 1980). SUMMARY: The Service determines a (601/965-4900 or FF5 490-4900).. Populations occur in open woods and , Apios priceana (Price’spotato- SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: along wood edges in limestone areas, bean), to be a threatened species under often where bluffsgrade into creek or the authority contained in the Background river bottoms (Kral 1983, Medley 1980). Endangered Species Act (Act) of 1973, Apios priceana, a member of the pea Several populations reportedly extend as amended. Apios priceana is currently family, is atwining perennial , onto roadside or powerline rights-of- thought extant at only 13 sites including climbing to 5 meters (15 feet) from a way. The soils are described as well 4 sites in Mississippi and 3 sites each in large, thickened tuber. Leaves are drained loams on old alluvium or over , Kentucky and . alternate, pinnately compound with limestone (Kral 1983). Habitat is Approximately 40 percent of its typically 5 to 7 leaflets that are ovate described as mixed hardwoods with populations have not been relocated in lanceolate to broadly ovate in shape. such common associates as Quercus recent years. Only 5 of the extant sites The inforescence is borne in the rnuh]enbergii, Lindera benzain, support populations of any significant axils and consists of racemes or Campanu]a americana, Arundinana size (501- individuals). Many of these compact panicles, 5—15 centimeters (cm) gigantea, Ti/ia americana, Fraxinus populations are declining and are (2—6 inches) long. Individual are americana, Acer saccharum, U]mus threatened by the adverse modification about 2 cm(¾inches) in length and rubra, Cercis canadenisis, and C30 Federal Register I Vol. 55, No. 4 1 Friday, January 5, 1990 1 Rules and Regulations

Parthenocissus guinguefoLius (Medley Tennessee: Apios priceono ha s been pursuant to section 4 of the Act. Apios 1930). reported from five sitcs in Tennessee priceana was included in the Apiaspricecina has been reported (Medley 1980, Woods 1988) but only Smithsonian petition and the 19~6 from 21 sites in five states; however, three of these have been verified as proposal. General comments received in approximately 40 percent of these are extant in recent years (Woods 1988; p. relation to the1976 proposal were apparently no longer extant. C~irrently, Sorti ers, Tennessee Frological Services summarized in an April 26, 1978, Federal this species is known to exist at only 13 Division, pars. comm., 1988). A large, Register publication (43 FR 17909). sites with populations in Alabama, vigorous population of Apios priceano The Endangered Species Act Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee. occurs in Marion County where Amendments of1978 required that all A summary of the information currently hundreds ofplants arereportedly proposals over 2 years old be available on the status of Apios scattered on a bluff near a roadside withdrawn. A 1-year grace period was priceana throughout its range is given (Woods 1988). A small but vigorous given to proposals already over 2 years below: population (20—30 individuals), is old. In the December 10, 1979, Federal Alobamo: There are three populations located along a creek in Montgomery Register (44 FR 70796), theService ofApiospriceana in Alabama. Modest County (IA’. Chester, Austin Peay State published a notice of withdrawal of the populations (15—30 individuals) occur in University, pers. comm., 1988). The June 16, 1976, proposal, along with four Madison County and in Autauga Williamson County population. located other proposals that had expired. Apios County. The third site, located in near a roadside right-of-way, consists of priceana was included as a category I Marshall County, supports a poor only two plants (Woods 1988). species in a revised list of plants under population (less than five individuals) In summary, of the 13 known extant review for threatened or endangered that was reportedly etiolated due to sites, only 5 support populations of any classification published in the December excessive shading (Medley 1980). significant size (50+ individuals). Three 15, 1980, Federal Register (45FR 82480). : Apios priceano was of the sites have only 5 or fewer Apios priceana was maintained in discovered in Union County, Illinois in individuals and the remaining 5 category 1 in theService’s updated plant 1941 (JCurz and Bowles 1981). This populations have no more than 30 notice of September 27, 1985 (50 FR population has not been relocated since plants. Most populations occur on 39526). Category 1 comprises taxa for the1070s despite extensive searches by privately owned land, including one site which the Service presently has~ many individuals (Kurz and Bowles owned by The Nature Conservancy sufficient biological information to 1981, Woods 1988). It is possible that (Montgomery County, Tennessee). support their beingproposed to be listed this particularpopulation was destroyed Several populations extend onto State as endangered or threatened species. by flooding from a beaver dam; maintained roadside or powerline however, suitable habitat still exists in rights-of-way. Two extant sites occur on Section 4(b)(3) of the Endangered Species Act, as amended in 1982, this area, so Apios priceana may be lands under Federal jurisdiction requires the Secretary to make certain icdiscovered there in the future ~. including the Trigg County, Kentucky, findings on pending petitions within 12 Schwegmann, Illinois Natural Heritage site, which is on Tennessee Valley Inventory, pers. comm., 1988). Authority land, and the Autauga County, months of their receipt Section 2(b)(I) of the 1982 Amendments further requires Kentucky: Eight records of Apios Alabama, site, which is on U.S. Army pnceona are reported for Kentucky Corps of Engineers’ land. The historical that all petitions pending on October 13, 1982 be treated as having been newly (Medley 1980); however, only three of Illinois site is located on U.S. Forest these are thought extant and all of these Service land. Apios priceana is currently submitted on that date. This was the are declining (R. Athey, botanist, pers. or potentially jeopardized by a case for Apios priceana because of the comm., 1988; Woods 1988). The multitude of threats including cattle acceptance of the 1975 Smithsonian Livingston County population, which grazing/trampling, clearcutting, report as a petition. In October of 1983, was estimated as having 50—85 plants in excessive shading/weedy competition 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987 and 1988, the 1!~34,has been severely degraded since due to succession. and adverse right-of- Service found that the petitioned listing cattle were introduced into the area in way maintenance practices (herbicide of 4aios prtheana was warranted, but 1986 (Woods 1988). At the Trigg County application). that listing this species was precluded and Lyon County sites, plants extend Federal actions involving Apios due to other higher priority listing onto a roadside or powerline right-of- priceana began with section 12 of the actions. OnMay 12, 1989, the Service way. The number of plants at the Lyon Endangered Species Act of 1973, which published in the Federal Register (54 FR County site is estimated at 25—SO directed the Secretary of the 20619), a proposal to list Apios priceana individuals and only a few plants are Smithsonian Institution to prepare a as a threatened species. Publication of reported for the Trigg County population report on those plants considered to be the foregoing proposal constituted the (Woods 1988). endangered, threatened, or extinct. This final finding required for this species. Mississippi: This State supports the report, designated as House Document Summary of Comments and largest number of populations, with four No. 94—51, was presented to Congress on Recommendations sites in three counties (Oktibbeha, Clay, January 9, 1975. OnJuly 1, 1975, the Lee). Two moderate-sized populations Service published a notice in the Federal In the May 12, 1989 proposed rule and (50—80 individuals) are known to occur Register (40 FR 27823) of its acceptance associated notifications, all interested in Oktibbeha County (W. Morris, of the report of theSmithsonian parties were requested to submit factual Mississippi State University, pers. Institution as a petition within the reports or information that might comm., 1988; K. Gordon, Mississippi context of section 4(c)(2), now section contribute to the development of a final Museum of Natural Science, pers. 4(b)(3)(A), of the Act and of its intention rule. Appropriate State agencies, county comm., 1983). The Clay County site thereby to review the status of those governments, Federal agencies, contains a declining population of 15—20 plants. OnJune 16, 1976, theService scientific organizations. and other individuals. The largest population in published a proposed rule in the Federal interested parties were contacted and the State is in Lee County, where Register (41 FR 24523) to determine requested to comment Newspaper several hundred plants are estimated to approximately 1,700 vascular plant notices, inviting public comment, were occur over an acre of area. species to be endangered species published in the The Progress, Prattville, Federal Register I Vol. 55, No. 4 I Friday, January 5, 1990 I Rules and Regulations 431

Alabama, on May 20, 1989; the A. Thepresent or threatened may require specific seral stages or Huntsville News, Huntsville, Alabama, destruction, m.pdification, or curtailment seasonal perturbation (Kentucky Nature on May 20, 1989; The Northeast ofits habitat or range. Apios priceana Preserves Commission 1982). Further Mississippi Dailyjournal, Tupelo, occurs as small disjunct populations investigation into this aspect of the Mississippi, on May 28, 1989; the throughout its range. As stated in the species’ biology is needed in order to Starkville Daily News, Starkville, “Background” section, only 13 of the 21 perpetuate appropriate habitat Mississippi, on May 27, 1989; The reported populations are believed conditions. Paducoh Sun, Pudacah, Kentucky, on extant. Several populations are B. Overutiization for commercial, May 28, 1989; theLeaf Chronicle, threatened by the potential destruction recreational, scientific, or educational Clarksville, Tennessee, on May 21, 1989; or adverse modification of their habitat purposes. As discussed under The JasperJournal, Jasper, Tennessee, At five sites, plants extend onto or near “Background”, Apios priceana produces on May 24, 1989; and The Review roadside or powerline rights-of-way and a large edible tuber that may have been Appeal, Franklin, Tennessee, on May 21, are vulnerable to accidental a food source for Indians and pioneers. 1989. disturbances. Any future road It has been suggested that such Nine comments were received improvements (expansion) or right-of- utilization in the past could have including one from a Federal agency, way maintenance activities (herbicide contributed to its decline and present four from State agencies and four from treatment) at these sites, could day rarity (Medley, pers. comm., 1988; private organizations, companies and/or adversely impact or destroy populations Somers, pers. comm., 1988). Apios individuals. Seven cornmenters were if proper planning does not occur. One priceana is currently not a component of supportive of this listing, one had no population, located near a roadside in the commercial trade in native plants; comment and one opposed the listing. Trigg County, Kentucky, has not been however, publicity from its listing could Opposition to the listing was seen since the I960s (Woods 1988) and generate a demand. expressed by a timber company in may have been destroyed by such C. Disease andpredation. Cattle Kentucky (Westvaco), based on their activities. The Service will work with grazing appears to pose a threat to this review of the information presented in these agencies responsible for species in those areas enclosed in thelegal notice in the local newspaper. maintaining these rights-of-way in order pastureland (Woods, pers. comm., 1988). They expressed confusion over the to provide these sites with protection. However, this is probably secondary to statement that Apios priceana was The Madison County, Alabama, site is the damage they receive from cattle threatened by both clear-cutting and threatened due to its close proximity to succession and were concerned over trampling (see “Factor A” above). Apios a suburban area (Kral, pers. comm., priceana is not known to be threatened how this listing would affect timber 1988). The type locality (Warren County, operations in Kentucky. As discussed in by disease. Kentucky) was also located near a D. The inadequacy of existing the proposal and this final rule (see rapidly developing area and may have “Summary of Factors Affecting the regulatory mechanisms. Apios priceana Species, Factor A”), Apios priceana is a been destroyed by development (Woods is officiallylisted as endangered in 1988). native of forest openings and appears to Illinois and Tennessee. Illinois law be enhanced by opening the canopy Two populations, which are enclosed protects listed species on State property; through light logging. However, this in pastureland, have been adversely prohibits the sale of State endangered species does not appear to persist in impacted due to soil compaction and plants; and prohibits taking without the areas that have been heavily timbered. trampling by cattle. At the Livingston written permission of the landowner. Thinning or selective logging may County, Kentucky, site, 50-60plants However, Apios priceana is not actually prove to be an appropriate were reported in 1984; however, most of currently known to exist in that State. means of improving populations in these have been destroyed by cattle that Under Tennessee legislation, taking is heavily wooded areas as long as were introduced into thearea in 1986 prohibited without the permission of the precautions are taken not to damage (Woods 1988). The Clay County, landowner. This State legislation does plants in theprocess. Therefore, the Mississippi, population has been not provide protection against habitat Service does not view the protection of similarly impacted. destruction and has been inadequate in Apios priceana and all timber Apios priceana is so rare that little is preventing the decline of this species at operations as being incompatible. knownabout its response to disturbance several sites. The remaining States in (Kral1983). Apparently, this species can this speëies’ range (Alabama, Summary of Factors Affecting the withstand somelogging in its habitat, as Mississippi, Kentucky) have no official Species it has been collected in second growth protective legislation. After a thorough review md hardwood forest (Kral 1983). Being a The Nature Conservancy owns and consideration of all information native of forest openings, it is thought provides protection to the Montgomery available, theService has determined that selective/light logging would County, Tennessee, population (Barnett that Apios priceana should be classified probably enhance this species; however, Woods Natural Area). A second as a threatened species. Procedures heavy logging or clearcutting would population (Trigg County, Kentucky) on found at section 4(a)(1) of the destroy it (Medley 1980, Kral1983). It Tennessee Valley Authority land, is Endangered Species Act (16U.S.C. 1531 Athey (pers. comm., 1988)has observed afforded some protection since it occurs et seq.) and regulations (50CFR Part the reappearance of plants in a site within an area designated as a 424) promulgated to implement the when the canopy was opened by light Conservation Education Center (W. listing provisions of the Act were logging. A historical record from Chester, Austin Peay State University, followed. A species may be determined Calloway County. Kentucky (Medley pers. comm., 1988). However, no to be an endangered or threatened 1980), could not be relocated in an area protection is given to those plants at this species due to one or more of the five that had been heavily timbered (Woods site that extend onto the roadside right- factors described in section 4(a)(l). 1988). Many of the populations occur in of-way. Habitat that once supported a These factors and their application to hardwood forests that have a potential population ofApiospriceana in Illinois Apios priceana Robinson (Price’s of being logged in thenear future is within an area designated as an potato-bean) are as follows: (Medley 1980). Biologically, this species “Ecological Area” by the U.S. Forest 432 Federal Register I Vol. 55, No. 4 1 Friday, January 5, 1990 1 Rules and Regulations

Service and would therefore be only regulated by the Act with respect area designated for ecological study and protected in the event thespecies is to plants in cases of (1) removal and is protected. A second site is on U.S. rediscovered in the area. reduction to possession of endangered Army Corps of Engineers’ land. A The Act would enhance the existing plants from lands under Federal historical population from illinois population, provide Federal protection jurisdiction, or their malicious damage occurred on U.S. Forest Service land. (see “Available Conservation or destrnction on such lands; and (2) Suitable habitat still exists in this area Measures” below), provide an avenue of removal, cutting, digging up, or so there is the possibility that a protection for plants onprivate land damaging or destroying in knowing population may be rediscovered here in through voluntary Conservation violation of any State law or regulation, the future. This area is already Agreements, and encourage active including State criminal trespass law. designated as an ecological preserve management for this species. Such provisions are difficultto enforce, (LaRue Hills Ecological Area) and E. Other natural or nwnmodefactors and publication of critical habitat affecting its continued existence. Apios descriptions and maps would make protected accordingly. priceana is vulnerable due to its limited Apias priceana more vulnerable and Currently, no activities to be authorized, distribution aridlow numbers at many increase enforcement problems. All funded, or carried out by Federal sites. Three populations contain no more involved parties and principal agencies areknown to exist that would than fiveindividuals. The extreme rarity landowners will be notified of the affect Apios priceana. of this plant indicates a narrow location and importance of protecting The Act and its implementing ecological amplitude (Kral 1983). As this species’ habitat. Protection of this regulations found at 40 CFR 17.71 and discussed in the “Background” section, species’ habitat will be addressed 17.72 for threatened species set forth a 4pios pricewio is believed to be a 4 through the recovery processand series of general trade prohibitions and native of forest openings (Medley 198.0). through the Section 7 jeopardy standard. exceptions that apply toall threatened Plants under a completely closed Therefore, it would not now be prudent plants. All trade prohibitions of section canopy do not appear as vigorous, as to determine critical habitat for Apios 9(a)(2) of the Act, implemented by 50 they are stunted and mostly vegetative priceana. (Medley 1980; Athey, pars. comm., 1988 CF~R17.71, apply. These prohibitions, in Woods 1988). Four populations are Available Conservation Measures part, make it illegal for any person believed declining due to a heavy Conservation measures provided to subject to thejurisdiction of theUnited canopy closure and weedy competition species listed as endangerS or States to import or export, transport In associated with natural succession. The threatened under the Endangered interstate or foreign commerce in the loss of many of the historical Species Act include recognition, course of a commercial activity, sell or populations is perhaps attributable to recovery actions, requirements for offer for sale this spades in interstate or this factor. This species appears to need Federal protection, and prohibitions foreign commerce, or to remove and some type of habitat disturbance to against certain practices. Recognition reduce to possession the species from arrest succession. through listing encourages and results in areas under Federal jurisdiction. Seeds The Service has carefully assessed the conservation actions by Federal, State, from cultivated specimens of threatened best scientific and commercial and private agencies. groups, and plant species are exempt from these information available regarding the past, indivitluals. The Endangered Species prohibitions provided that a statement present, and future threats faced by this Act provides for possible land of “cultivated origin” appears on their species in determining this rule. Based acquisition and cooperation with the containers. In addition, for endangered on this evaluation, the preferred action States and raquries that recovery plants, the 1988 amendments (Pub. L is to list Apias priceana as a threatenS actions be carried out for all listed 100-478) to the Act prohibit the species. This species is not in imminent species. The protection required of malicious damage or destruction on danger of extinction. It has a wide Federal agencies and the prohibitions Federal lands and the removaL cutting, geographic range and two populations against certain activities involving listed arein designated preserves. However, a plants are discussed, in part, below. digging up, or damaging or destroying of downward trend is clearly indicated for Section 7(a) of theAct as amended, endangered plants inknowing violation this species (approximately 40 percent requires Federal agencies to evaluate of any State law or regulatio~including of populations not relocated), and it is their actions with respect to any species State criminal trespass law. The 1988 likely to become endangered in the that is proposed or listed as endangered amendments do not reflect this foreseeable future ifprotective measures or threatened and with respect to its protection for plants classified as arenot taken. Critical habitat is not critical habitat if any is being threatened. Certain exceptions apply to being designated for reasons discussed designated. Regulations implementing agents of the Service and State in the foliowt~gsection. this interagency cooperation provision conservation agencies. The Act and 50 of theAct are codified at 50 CFR part CFR 17.72 also provide for the issuance Critical Habitat 402. Section 7(aJ[2) requires Federal of permits to carry outotherwise Section 4(a)(3) of theAct requires. to agencies to ensure that activities they prohibited activities involving the maximum extent prudent and authorize,fund, or carry out are not threatened species under certain determinable, that the Secretary likely to jeopardize the continued circumstances. designate critical habitat at thetime a existence of a listed species or to It is anticipated that few trade permits species is determined to be endangered destroy or adversely modify its critical would ever be sought or issued because or threatened. The Service finds that habitat. if a Federal action may affect a the species is not common in cultivation designation of critical habitat is not listed species or its critical habitat, the presently prudent for this species. As responsible Federal agency must enter or in the wild. Requests for copies of the discussed under Factor B in the into formal consultation with the regulations on plants and inquiries Summary of Factors Affecting the Service. regarding them may be addressed to the Species. Apias priceana may be One extant population occurs on land Office of Management Authority, U.S. threatened by taking or vandalism, an under jurisdiction of the Tennessee Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 3507, activity difficult to enforce against and Valley Authority. This site is within an Arlington. VA 22203 (703/358—2104). Federal Register I Vol. 55, No. 4 1 Friday, January 5, 1990 1 Rules and Regulations 433

National Environmental Policy Act Medley,M.E. 1980. Status report on Apios List of Subjects in50 CFR Part 17 pricecrna Provided under contract to the The Fish and Wildlife Servicehas U.S. Fish andWildlife Service, Southeast Endangered and threatened species. determined that an Environmental Region, Atlanta, Georgia. 30 pp. Fish, Marine mammals, Plants Assessment, as defined under the National Academy of Sciences. 1979. Tropical (agriculture). authority ofthe National Environmental legumes: resources for thefuture. U.S. Policy Act of 1969, need not be prepared GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington, Regulation Promulgation in cpnnection with regulations adopted. D.C. pp 41-45. Robinson, B.L 1898. A new species ofApios PART 17—EAMENDED) pursuant to Section 4(a) of the from Kentucky. Bot. Gaz: 450-453. Endangered Species Act of 1973, as Seabrook, J.A., andLA. Dionne. 1976. Studies Accordingly, part 17, subchapter B of amended. A notice outlining the in the genusApios. I. Chromosome chapter 1, title 50 of theCode of Federal Service’s reasons for this determination number and distribution ofApios Regulations, is amended as set forth was published in the Federal Register on americana andA. priceana. Can. J. Bot. below: October 25, 1983 (48 FR 49244). 54:2567—2572. 1. The authority citation for part 17 Walter, W.M., E.M. Croom, Jr., G.L Catignani, continues to read as follows: . References Cited andW.C. Thresher. 1966. Compositional study ofApios priceana tubers. Jour. Agr. Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1361—1407, 16 U.S.C Kentucky Nature Preserves Commission. Food Chem. 34:39-41. 1982. Summary status report on Apios 1531—1543; 16 U.S.C. 4201—4245; Pub. L 99.- Woods, M. 1988. A revisionofApios and 625, 100 Stat. 3500, unless otherwise noted. priceanain Kentucky. Unpublished. 1 pg. Cochlianthus (Leguminosae). Ph.D. Kral, R. 1983. A report on somerare, Dissertation. Southem Illinois University, 2. Amend § 17.12(h) by adding the threatened, or endangered forest-related Carbondale. 153 pp. vascularplants of the south. USDA, following. in alphabetical order under Yanovsky, K 1936. Food plants of the North , to the List of Endangered and Forest Service, Tech. Pub. R8-.TPZ. 1305 American Indians. USDA, Washington, pp. D.C. Misc. Pub. No. 237. 84 pp. Threatened Plants: Kurz, D.R., andM.L Bowles. 1981. Report on the status of Illinois vascularplants Author I 11.12 Endangered and threatened potentially endangered or threatened in plants. the United States. Natural Land Institute, The primary author of this final rule is Cary Norquist (see ADDRESSES section) Rockford, Illinois, pp 1—8. (h) ~ ~ 601/985-4900 or FF5 490-4900.

SPECIES SPSdS - Scientific name Common name Historic range Status When listed ~habftat sAss Fabacese—Psa family Ap~bspflcea/7a Prtcs’spotato-bean U.S.A. (AL, IL KY, MS, TN) T 372 NA NA

Dated: November27, 1989. KnuteKnudson, Jr., Deputy AssistontSecretary—Fish and Wildlife and Parks. [FR Doe. 90-283 Filed 1-4—90; 8:45 am] s$WNQ coot *sis-ss-*