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Project Management Office , Executive Summary 0 I. INTRODUCTION

1.0 Background/Rationale

Lake is the fourth largest lake in the country. It has a surface area of 149.865 km² more or less and lakeshore measuring about 62.10 kms. The lake belongs to and Agusan del Norte. It falls within the jurisdiction of the municipalities of Mainit, Alegria, Kitcharao and .

The lake is reported to be the habitat of rare fish species: the puyo or climbing perch and gabot . The species are said to have become rare due to the introduction of new fish species. Around the lake are habitats of other rare threatened wildlife. This gives the lake and its surrounding area a high ecological value, prompting a proposal to declare the Watershed as a protected area under the National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS).

The lake is very scenic. Its water has remained generally clear and clean. There are various points around it that are potential for tourist attractions. The Tourism Master Plan identified the lake area as one of the region’s tourism zones primarily for adventure and ecotourism.

Major projects have been put in place in the area and various proposed interventions, which, include the establishment of a mini hydropower plant and flood control project in Jabonga, construction of more access roads and tourism project, among others, will be implemented. All of these will provide development opportunities to the area; however, some may bring threats, which could exacerbate the problems that are now being felt in the area.

The stakeholders recognized the need to undertake careful planning and coordination of all policies and actions to sustainably manage the development of the lake resource.

This concern prompted the Provincial Governments of Surigao del Norte and Agusan del Norte to establish a mechanism that could provide policy guideline in the protection, conservation, utilization and management of the ecosystem. With the assistance and interventions of the Local Government Support Program, the Lake Mainit Development Alliance (LMDA) was established on March 9, 1999.

The creation of the Lake Mainit Development Alliance (LMDA) caters to the sustainable development of the area. Its thrusts, as outlined in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), provide policy interventions in the implementation of programs, projects and related activities in the lake area.

This document attempts to integrate the environmental management plan, municipal local development plans which include Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), Executive Agenda (EA), among others, to come up with a local sustainable development plan for lake Mainit. This plan is called the Lake Mainit Development Agenda, which attempts to integrate social, economic, technological, human, political, cultural and spiritual dimensions in the EMP. It also provides mechanism for the active participation of stakeholders in the management of the lake resource.

Executive Summary 1 2.0 Objectives

The Lake Mainit Development Agenda serves as a blue print for sustainable development agenda, that adheres to cohesive framework to provide policy-reference in the implementation of programs and projects. Specifically, the LA 21 serves as the basis to:

1. Ensure pro-active participation of the government, private sector, civil society, business and other stakeholders in the sustainable management of the lake resources; 2. Compliment the implementation of various programs/projects of government and non- government organizations; and 3. Provide unified policy interventions in the implementation of programs and projects.

Integration Process

The Governance for Philippine Agenda 21: Subprogramme on Localization (GO PA 21) Project has been an instrument in advancing the localization of Philippine Agenda 21, the local blue print for sustainable development in the country. With the GO PA 21 intervention, the LMDA has broadened its understanding in terms of managing the limited resources in line with sustainable development concepts.

The logical step to follow after the strengthening of mechanisms and processes that advance sustainable development is the actual integration of sustainable development (SD) concepts into local development plans. This move is necessary in order to operationalize the concepts, and at the same time produce a concrete output as a document that serves as policy reference, for implementation of development programs and projects.

Several legal contexts also pose as legitimate basis for the need to upgrade the existing EMP into a local agenda 21. Foremost is MO 47, issued last 1999, which direct the formulation of local sustainable, integrated, area-based development (SIAD) plans, as a continuing commitment to localize Philippine Agenda 21.

A workshop entitled “Integration of SIAD in the Environment Management Plan of LMDA” was conducted to respond to the need to enhance the LMDA-Environmental Management Plan according to SD parameters and ensure that sustainable management of the lake is affected. A total of 46 participants attended the 3-day activity. 29 were LMDA members, while17 were from civil society organizations and the private sector.

After the integration workshop, LMDA conducted a three-day writeshop. The writeshop attempted to integrate the basic elements of SD in the existing LMDA EMP and come-up with a Lake Mainit Development Agenda. Specifically, the writeshop intended to:

a. Integrate the proposed changes in the EMP, as reflected in the outputs of the workshop (reformulated component objectives, additional/revised sub- components, change of component titles, other recommendations as outlined in the workshop outputs) b. Determine the final list of programs/projects for each of the component (High- Impact projects as priorities)

Executive Summary 2 c. Formulate complete project briefs for all the identified high impact projects per component. The output of the Writeshop is a draft LMDA Development Agenda, which will serve as a complete guide in the sustainable management of the lake. However, this document still has to be subjected to series of consultation, preferably at the municipal level, involving all the major stakeholders (LGU, CSOs, private sector). The Lake Mainit Development Agenda shall be presented to the relevant development planning bodies and the local legislative bodies (provincial and municipal levels), and the LCEs. These activities will solicit and secure the support of the Provincial and Municipal Development Councils to the Lake Mainit Development Agenda, through legislated policies, such as ordinances, resolutions, or budget allocation in support of the plan.

Lake Mainit Watershed: The Planning Unit

The watershed framework as the basis for delineating the planning area. Watershed refers to the area that is drained by a common river system. For this particular plan, The planning unit covered the bigger Lake Mainit watershed which extends from Sison, Mainit and Tubod in Surigao del Norte and down to in Agusan del Norte. It covers all rivers that flow into Lake Mainit, the whole length of Kalinawan River and all its tributaries (See Figure 2). Activities within the watershed can have impacts on the lake or Kalinawan River, which will ultimately affect the coastal area of Tubay.

The ridges of mountains serve as the natural boundaries of the watershed. Since these boundaries do not coincide with the political boundaries, there are some municipalities, which are not totally within the Lake Mainit watershed. In fact, only 81 out of 99 barangays are found inside the watershed. ( See Figure1 )

Distribution of Area, and Population (2000) Within the Lake Mainit Watershed Province/ Area Within % of Total Barangays Population Municipality Watershed (Ha) Watershed Area Within Within Watershed Watershed

Surigao del Norte 24,728 28 % 45 47.715

Sison 1,310 1.5 % 3 1,188 * Tubod 4,420 5.1 % 9 10,923 Mainit 9,772 11.2 % 21 23,417 Alegria 6,310 7.2 % 12 12,923 Others 2,916 3.3 %

Agusan del Norte 62,344 72 % 36 67,462

Kitcharao 10,485 12.0 % 9 15,950 Jabonga 19,060 21.9 % 11 20,501 Santiago 16,834 19.3 % 8 17,925 Tubay 7,450 8.6 % 8 17,668 Others 8,515 9.8 % () Total 87,072 100 % 81 120,495 Source: NSO

Executive Summary 3 Figure 1

SISON

TUBOD

MAINIT

Lake Mainit

ALEGRIA KITCHARAO

JABONGA

SANTIAGO

Kalinawan River

TUBAY

Lake Mainit Development Alliance

POLITICAL BOUNDARIES

Executive Summary 4 Figure 2

1 3 TUBOD 4 Legend: 2 Watershed Boundary Line River MAINIT Creeks

Municipal Lake Mainit ALEGRIA 5 6 KITCHARAO

7 8

9

JALIOBONG 10 13

SANTIAGO

11

12

TUBAY

Lake Mainit Development Alliance

Executive Summary 5 WATERSHED/DRAINAGE MAP

Out of the total area of watershed, about 75 % are classified as forestlands and the remaining 25 % are Alienable and Disposable land. The remaining old growth forests can only be found at present in patches in Alegria, Jabonga and Santiago. Large areas of the forestlands are being used for agriculture.

The watershed is in the typhoon belt. It is exposed to 7 % of the typhoons that hit the country every year. During these typhoons and heavy rains, flooding occurs in the lakeshore barangays of the four municipalities. The point of confluence of the Kalinawan and Aciga Rivers as well as the mouth of Kalinawan River in Tubay are flood prone areas. The annual flooding adversely affects the Riceland and other agricultural areas surrounding the Lake and those along the Kalinawan River.

The major economic activities within the watershed are agriculture and fishing. Primary agricultural products are rice, coconut and banana. There are 2,392 hectares of irrigated lands within the planning area, covered by 33 irrigation systems.

There are 56 barangays within the watershed, which are dependent on fishing. From the lake (31 barangays), for river (17 barangays) and sea (5 barangays). Lake Mainit and Kalinawan River are the important fishing areas although fishing activities in Lake Pagusi (Santiago), Lake Mahukdan (Tubod) and Mayag River (Mainit) are also significant. Studies indicate that fishing gears and practices have not changed much through the years. Meanwhile the fish catch volume is said to have decreased. Some local fish species have diminished significantly and replaced by new, introduced species.

Although the watershed area has gold, limestone, marble, copper, silver and coal deposits, there are no large-scale mining activities in the area. Small-scale gold mining is ongoing in 16 barangays. There are however applications for Mineral Sharing Agreements that are pending with the DENR.

Tourism and manufacturing at present is composed of a small sector of the economy. These are expected to increase in significance with the proposed development of an agro-industrial center in Tubay and the implementation of the Caraga Tourism Master Plan.

Large sectors of the population in the watershed have access to education and health facilities, and potable water supply. Only a few barangays have no road access and electricity. Only three municipalities within the wartershed have organized garbage collection systems.

4.0 Current Threats to Lake Mainit

The Lake Mainit can be divided into five ecological zones, uplands, lowlands, rivers, lakes and coastal area including estuary. The inter-relatedness of one to the other is so significant in the identification of impact being introduced to one ecological zone. This impact, although zone- specific, it has threats to pose to other zones. For example, the upland denudation will impact to lowland specifically during rainy days (because of floods and siltation)

Executive Summary 6 The following are observed threats to the Lake Mainit Watershed:

 Forest Denudation. Timber poaching, firewood gathering, kaingin system and illegal logging contributed to the denudation of the upland resource. Unless the community become aware and concern of the status of their environment and its significance to their needs, the problem cannot be resolved. Siltation in some rivers is now evident and the problem that goes along with it has impact to the environment. Water quality will also be affected as caused by soils erosion with accompanying pollutants coming from the use of insecticides and pesticides.

 Mining. The small-scale mining operations in the gold rush areas of Alegria, Kitcharao, and Santiago, which uses flushing method with chemicals pollute the water resources. The use of this method should be stopped and the LGU must come up with an intervention to make this small-scale miners become responsible in the sustainable management of this resource.

 Use of Agro-Chemical. Irrigated land operators are adopting intensified to improve productivity by the use of chemical fertilizer, which has negative impact on the environment. All stakeholders should push advocacy in the use of organic fertilizers. Convert the indigenous biodegradable materials into fertilizers to reduce cost of production.

 Unsustainable Fishing Practices. Fishing practices that are not sound like the use of fine mesh nets, electrocution, use of chemicals, etc pose threat to the fishery resources. Using fine mesh nets and chemicals, and electrocution distract the growth of the juveniles; the fish population will be reduced. The LGU and the community must not tolerate these practices. Strict implementation of fishery laws must be emphasized.

 Increasing population in settlements near the lake. These increase the pressures on fishery resources. There are garbage and waste disposal problems in these settlements, which could eventually affect the water quality of lake.

 Loss of Wetland. Loss of wetland changes the biodiversity of the Lake Mainit. The conversion of wetlands into rice paddies forces the other living creatures in the wetland to migrate to other far area or die. To protect and maintain the remaining flora and fauna in the area, the destruction of natural resources should be attended to by the concerned agency or LGU.

Although, all the above-mentioned threats do not produce serious problems at present, mitigating measures to minimize or prevent the negative impact should be identified and must be implemented and observed by all stakeholders. The LMDA, as the primary policy- formulator, shall see to it that all policies and other existing national laws be categorically implemented.

Executive Summary 7 III. VISION, MISSION, STRATEGIES

1.0 Vision

The eight municipalities and two provinces share this vision for the Lake Mainit watershed area:

“Lake Mainit as a diverse ecosystem with safe and crystal clear waters surrounded by verdant mountains and endowed with abundant natural resources, and as an ecotourism destination sustainably managed by an empowered citizenry for economic development and environmental protection”

2.0 Mission

In relation to the vision, this encompassing mission guides the plan:

“With the aid of Divine Providence guided by the principles of growth and development between communities and generation through skilled and resourceful personnel, the LMDA supports and assists the Local Government Units in the effective and efficient delivery of basic services, enforcement of environmental laws and policies to pursue the sustainable development and management of Lake Mainit through promotion of ecological and recreational values, conservation, protection of natural resources, enhancement of economic activities, people empowerment for the improvement of the quality of life of its constituents”.

3.0 Strategies

To achieve this mission, the following general strategies will be adopted:

 Implementation of resource-enhancing activities;

• Establishment of fish sanctuary • Reforestation • Agro-forestry • River Bank Stabilization • Resource Assessment and Limnological Study • Rehabilitation of watershed • Eco-tourism Development • Marsh Rehabilitation

 Forest land use/micro watershed planning;

• Harmonize existing local plans to Strategic Agricultural and Fisheries Development Zones (SAFDZs) and other development plans

 Enforcement of environmental laws and regulations pertaining to waste disposal pollution and resource utilization;

• Issuance and unification of municipal ordinances • Conduct regular monitoring activities

Executive Summary 8 • Enactment of Ordinances & Resolutions

 Strengthening of system for policy, planning and implementation coordination;

Well coordinated/orchestrated system among LGUs, line agencies be effected Close coordination among stakeholders be stressed

 Information, education and communication and establishment of systems/structure for community participation;

• Radio plugging, flyers, brochures and other materials be extended to all stakeholders Production of local dialects flyers and brochures

 Capacitation of LGUs & civil Society in resource management;

Strengthen LGUs participation in LMDA activities Transparency in the implementation of project/program Capability Building

 Establishment of common database;

LMDA to consolidate and update data for easy reference of stakeholders Establishment of LMDA mini library

 Conduct of studies to improve understanding of the lake and enrichment of the database

• Research and development studies conducted by external group be coordinated by LMDA to become aware of the current situation of the lake area

Key Actors LGU’s & Province’s Agusan del Norte Surigao del Norte Kitcharao Alegria Jabonga Mainit Santiago Tubod Tubay Sison

Line Agencies DENR BFAR NEDA PIA DOT DA Academe Business Sector Farmers/Fisherfolks NGOs/POS

Executive Summary 9 IV. ACTION AGENDA

4.1 Enhanced Component Objectives

Enhancements were made in the existing EMP components and objectives by subjecting it to consistency test using MISP Action Impact Matrix. The enhanced component objectives reflect the general and specific concerns of PA21 and sustainable development dimensions. Several high impact projects, programs, and activities were proposed in operationalizing the re- formulated/enhanced objectives of the EMP components. High impact projects for each sub- component are listed in the succeeding page.

a. Upland Development and Management Component

Upland Development and Management component considers important the implication of upland activities in the low-lying areas and bodies of water. The degradation of uplands and the depletion on forest resources bring about the environmental problems such as siltations in rivers, flashfloods and others, following objectives:

1. To define the appropriate land uses for the forestlands in the watershed considering both environmental concerns and the requirements of the growing population. Essentially, this aims to delineate the areas for protection and those which can be used for production purposes, and ensure that these are under some form of management. 2. To rehabilitate open and degraded areas and protect existing forests from all forms of destruction (i.e., forest fires, pests and diseases, illegal logging, encroachment) 3. To promote greater awareness among local population on the importance of the forest ecosystem and the ill effects of forest destruction. 4. To encourage the participation of various sectors in protection and rehabilitation works. 5. To improve the quality of life among upland dwellers/IP’s through the introduction of sustainable farming systems in the production areas 6. To provide legislative measures for the protection, preservation and conservation of upland resources 7. To protect/preserve the endangered flora and fauna within the watershed area 8. To preserve scenic/aesthetic/natural sites for eco-tourism 9. To protect and preserve the values, beliefs, customs and traditions of upland dwellers 10. To capacitate upland stakeholders in participatory implementation, monitoring and evaluation of development projects 11. To assist in producing baseline information of upland resources through participatory resource assessment

b. River Management Component

The river management component will primarily serve to complement interventions in the uplands to minimize the problems of siltation and pollution not only in the lake but also the whole length of Kalinawan Rivers and its exit at Tubay. Several of these rivers are also used as

Executive Summary 10 fishing areas to support the livelihood of the community along the river. Also, rivers are considered to be potential for eco-tourism. This component has the following objectives:

1. To reduce the threats of pollution, erosion and siltation, and flooding 2. To support the livelihood of barangays dependent on river fishing 3. To promote community participation in river management. 4. To promote eco-tourism development in the preservation and protection of rivers.

c. Lake Management Component

Lake Management component deals with the importance of the Lake Mainit as the main source of income to fishefolks in 31 lakeshore barangays and sources of food. It is expected that Eco- tourism will also increase in significance as an economic sector in the future. It will also maintain its Biodiversity. This component has the following objectives:

1. To determine baseline data/profile of the lake & its resources 2. To enhance the productivity of the lake and thus help improve the welfare of the lakeshore communities 3. To promote greater participation by lakeshore communities in the management of the lake 4. To protect & conserve endangered aquatic resources in the lake

d. Solid Waste Management Component

The Lake Management component addresses the impact of improper waste disposal, which may pollute the lake and rivers. Various local government units have conducted solid waste measures to address the growing problem on solid waste. Together with the LMDA, community level education and awareness building shall be conducted and will encourage the practice of the 3R approach: Reduce, Re-use and Recycle. In order to have a healthy environment, this component has the following objectives:

1. To improve the waste collection and disposal system in the municipality 2. To develop greater awareness among the local population on waste management and encourage community participation 3. To institutionalize solid waste management in the Barangay level 4. To coordinate resource study on solid waste management 5. To recommend to Provincial & Municipal Sanggunian members policies on solid waste management. 6. To institutionalize mechanism to implement solid waste management in the barangay level 7. To develop and utilize solid waste management technology

e. Institutional Strengthening Component

The Institutional Strengthening Component addresses the need of LMDA in providing mechanism to ensure coordination and cooperation among the various sectors. This component deals with the conduct of capacity-building activities, information, education and

Executive Summary 11 communication, linkaging/networking and resource mobilization. This component has the following objectives:

1. To provide quality-integrated inputs on effective organizational management to project staff thru: • Training • Distance education • Cross visits and observation tours 2. To provide quality-integrated skills, attitudes and knowledge through seminars/workshops and other IEC to all stakeholders 3. To establish strong partnership among the different stakeholders in the society 4. To establish a systematic, accessible, informative and update database 5. To actively advocate for legislations which promote SIAD-integrated planning and implementation of projects

4.2 Targets & Implementation Schedules:

The enhancement of the existing EMP resulted to the reorganization of the Sub- component activities. The resulting project proposals during the Integration of SIAD were therefore organized into an enhance version to ensure that SD parameter will be incorporated in the local Agenda. Presented below are activities that make up each component and their corresponding targets.

Component : Upland Development & Management Total Responsibility Sub-Component Targets Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Centers Forest Land Use FLUP for LGUs, DENR, Planning/Watershed the whole DA, DOT, NIA, Management watershed PMO Reforestation/ Plantation/Establishment 2 674 has. 369 660 640 535 470 LGUs, DENR LGUs, DENR, Agro-forestry Dev’t 160 has. 30 45 35 30 20 DA LGUs, DENR, Tree Park Establishment 50 has. 5 10 15 10 10 DA LGU, DENR, Nursery Establishment 8 has. 2 2 2 1 1 PMO Eco-tourism Upland LGU, DENR, Development 8 sites 2 2 2 2 DOT, PMO Forest Resource Assessment Forestland Monitoring LGU, DENR TOTAL 406 717 694 578 501

Executive Summary 12 Component : Lake Management Total Responsibility Sub-Component Targets Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Centers Municipal LGUs, DENR, Sanctuaries 200 has. 100 50 25 25 BFAR Buffer Zone Delineation and 60 km. 10 15.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 LGUs, DENR, Perimeter Planting DOT Whole Fish seeding lake LGUs, BFAR Water quality monitoring 8 sites 2 4 2 Monitoring LGUs, DENR Strengthening of Lake FARMCs wide LGUs, BFAR Lake Resources Lake Assessment wide Monitoring PMO, BFAR Lake grass Protected areas 200 has. 50 50 50 50 LGU, BFAR

Freshwater culture 250 has. 50 50 50 50 50 LGU,BFAR TOTAL 200 ha s 150 has 125 has 125 has 50 has 10 km. 15.5 km 11.5km 11.5 km 11.5 km

Component : River Management Total Responsibility Sub-Component Targets Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Centers Riverbank buffer 100 km; Zone stabilization 11 rivers 20 km 25 km 25 km 20 km 10 km LGUs, DENR Evaluation of Mining & 9 rivers 6 3 Monitoring LGUs, DENR Quarry Sites Mangrove/Marsh LGUs, DENR, Rehabilitation 100 ha 10 20 20 25 25 BFAR Fish Sanctuaries/ Seeding 14 ha 3 3 3 3 2 LGUs, BFAR Rechanneling of LGUs, DENR, Aciga River 4 km. BFAR Rechanneling of LGUs, DENR, Bangonay River 2 km BFAR Deepening of 4 km @ PMO, DENR, Kalinawan River 4 sites 2 2 LGUs Const. of Riverbank 2000 protection / structure meters 300 m. 400 m. 500 m. 400 m. 400 m. LGU, DPWH Kalinawan River Tour River DOT, LGU TOTAL 13 has 28.3 has 23 has 28 has 27 has 28.3 km 27.4 km 25.5 km 20.4 km 10.40 km

Executive Summary 13 Component : Solid Waste Management Total Responsibility Sub-Component Targets Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Centers Monitoring & HH in Urban Inspection of Waste & lakeshore LGUs, DENR Disposal Systems barangays Dumpsite dev’t & maintenance 13 has. 13 Maintenance LGUs, DENR Establishment of Garbage collection LGUs System a. Garbage vehicle 9 vehicles 4 5 Maintenance for 8 muns. b. Garbage Lakewide Receptacles 8 brgys. 16 16 16 16 17

Study on Waste Study Recycling & Completed

Marketing

TOTAL 13 has 5 veh 16 16 17 17 brgys. 19brgys brgys. brgys. brgys. .

Component : Institutional Management Total Responsibility Sub-component Target Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Centers

Capability Building Lakewide LMDA / LGUs Establishment of Information System PMO LMDA

IEC Lakewide LMDA / LGUs Legislation & Enforcement Lakewide LGUs Networking & National / Linkaging International LMDA Total

Executive Summary 14

Investment Requirements and Fund Sources

It is estimated that the implementation of the plan over a five-year period would require at least P 171,950,450 million. The breakdown of the estimated cost by component and year is given below:

Annual Estimated Cost Total %0f Total Component Estimated Estimated Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Cost cost 1. Uplands Mgt. 14,753,000 16,442,000 15,988,000 12,940,000 9,710,000 69,833,000 41 % 2. River Mgt. 30,480,000 10,597,000 15,507,000 491,000 465,000 57,540,000 33.5 % 3. Lake Mgt. 7,145,000 4,772,900 3,857,900 3,757,900 3,007,900 65,041,450 13 % 4. Solid Waste Mgt. 4,265,000 7,141,000 2,790,000 1,600,000 2,240,000 18,036,000 10.5 % 5. Institutional Mgt. 1,100,000 600,000 1,100,000 600,000 600,000 4,000,000 2 % Grand Total 57,743,000 39,552,900 39,242,900 19,388,900 16,022,900 171,950,450 100% % of Total Estimated Cost 34 % 23 % 23 % 11 % 9 % 100 %

It should be noted that the upland management component has the highest share of the total estimated cost. Over the five-year period, it is on the first year when the funding requirement is highest: P 57,743,000 million or about 34 % of the total estimated cost.

Due to limited funding available at the LGUs and participating line agencies, the Alliance will have to seek for funding for most of the planned activities. The specific activities in the various components that may require external funding support are the identified in the main report. Also listed are the potential sources of funding that maybe explored.

Institutional Arrangements

The Lake Mainit Development Agenda will be implemented by respective LGU & concerned agencies under the coordination of the Alliance. The Alliance has a Board which consists of the Local chief Executives of the two provincial and eight municipal LGUs and the regional Directors of the NEDA, DENR, DA, DOT, PIA, BFAR & representative from the civil society. A Project Management Office (PMO), which is headed by a Director shall serves as the secretariat of the Board.

The Alliance was just formalized last March 1999 and it is at the interim stage. It has established its office at Kitcharao, Agusan del Norte. It is manned by two administrative staff and headed by the Director. The current arrangement is for the interim PMO to be complimented by technical person seconded from the different LGUs.

With respect to the implementation of this plan, the major tasks of the PMO will be as follows:

1. Coordinate with the concerned LGUs and the line agencies. Prepare the detailed annual Work & Financial Plan for the PMO with the approval of the Board;

2. Source out funding for the implementation of the various components;

Executive Summary 15

3. Establish linkages with relevant institutions which can support plan implementation; 4. Coordinate the inputs of different actors to particular components to ensure smooth implementation

5. Spearhead the implementation of activities that need to be carried out at the watershed level (e.g., IEC, training);

6. Conduct the necessary policy, feasibility, capability assessments, impacts and make the other studies for specific plans components;

7. Regularly review implementation progress and evaluate project impacts and make the necessary adjustments to the plan;

8. Regularly submit report to the Board on the progress of plan implementation;

9. Maintain record of policy decisions and recommendations of the Board and disseminate such to the concerned LGUs for appropriate action;

10. Establish and maintain an environmental database.

The plan assigns most of the implementation responsibilities to the LGUs and the participating line agencies. It will be task of the Provincial and Municipal Action Officers and point persons from the line agencies to ensure that the necessary budgets and staff are in place, and that activities are being undertaken as planned. They are to provide regular reports to the PMO and feedback on policy issues and questions that need to be addressed by the Board.

Organizational Structure (Interim Stage) BOARD

PMO Director

Administrative & Deputy Director Finance 1 – Agusan del Norte (Host LGU) 1 – Surigao del Norte

Planning, IEC & Institutional Monitoring and Evaluation and Strengthening Databank

Action Action Action Action Action Action Action Action Officer Officer Officer Officer Officer Officer Officer Officer Mainit Alegria Tubod Sison Kitcharao Jabonga Santiago Tubay

Executive Summary 16 Monitoring and Evaluation

Monitoring and evaluation will be undertaken at two levels: progress or output level and impact level. The first will deal with the physical outputs of the various activities of the plan and the corresponding inputs use to produce them. These will be the subjects of monthly/quarterly reporting. At start of implementation, the PMO M and E Unit and the implementing unit will agree on the indicators of outputs. The Action Officers/point persons will be responsible for on- site monitoring and reporting to PMO, using formats that will be prescribed by the PMO. The PMO will then consolidate the reports and submit regular reports to the Board.

The PMO will organize a semi-annual review of the progress vis-à-vis the plan.

The monitoring of impacts will be based on a design that will be developed by the PMO. It will look into the results of the projects on three aspects:

• resource productivity (e.g., increased fish yields, diversity of upland crops, increased crop production) • resource quality (e.g., improved water quality) • institutional capability (active FARMCs, increased allocations for environmental programs)

The PMO will require external technical assistance for the development of the M and E design including the selection of the appropriate indicators. Furthermore, it will need funding assistance for data collection and processing.

Next Steps

There are a number of activities that need to undertaken, with the PMO as lead, prior to full implementation of the plan.

1. Approval of the plan by the Board. The proposed activities will have to be reviewed by the Board, taking note of the indicated implementation roles of their respective offices.

2. Presentation of the plan to the municipal and provincial Sanggunian to orient them on the activities that are to be undertaken and their respective responsibilities, especially on legislation. These orientation sessions should firm up the support of the local legislative bodies to the Alliance.

3. Action planning by the PMO and the Action Officers/ point persons. This will be held to a) review the proposed projects, b) map out the doable activities c) firm up strategies and detailed work plan, and d) work out the budgetary requirements.

4. Inventory of potential funding sources. The requirements of each will be studied. The PMO should then prepare and submit the necessary proposals, materials, documents and letters.

5. Training plan., the training requirements of the PMO, LGU and line agency staff will be identified and prioritized.

Executive Summary 17 Lake Mainit Development Agenda List of High Impact Projects

A. Upland Development & Management

1. Forest Resource Assessment 2. Lumad Dumagat Capability Building 3. Forest Land use Planning & Watershed Mgt. 4. Nursery Establishment 5. Agro-forestry Development 6. Reforestation / Plantation Establishment 7. Tree park Establishment 8. Eco-tourism Development

B. River Management

1. Riverbank Buffer Zone Stabilization 2. Rechanneling of Bangonay River 3. Rechanneling of Aciga River 4. Deepening of Kalinawan River 5. Construction of Riverbank Protections / Structure 6. River Tour 7. Inventory & Evaluation 8. Marsh Rehabilitation

C. Lake Management

1. Lake Resource Assessment 2. Establishment of Fish Sanctuary 3. Buffer Zone Establishment 4. Establishment of Water Quality Monitoring 5. Freshwater Fish Culture 6. Fish Seeding 7. Strengthening of FARMC

D. Waste Management

1. Establishment of Sanitary Landfill 2. Establishment of Garbage Collection 3. Waste Re use, Recycling & Marketing 4. Establishment of Municipal Sewerage System 5. Establishment of Water Quality Monitoring System 6. Monitoring & Inspection of SWMS

E. Institutional Strengthening

1. Lake Mainit Information System 2. Lake Mainit Training Project 3. LMDA IEC Project

Executive Summary 18 Tourist Destination 4. Lake Mainit Stakeholder Congress

Executive Summary 19 Habitat of Rare Species

Executive Summary 20 Sourc e of Livelihood

Executive Summary 21 Lake Main it Fishery

Executive Summary 22 LLLLaaaakkkkeeee MMMMaaaaiiiinnnniiiitttt DDDDeeeevvvveeeellllooooppppmmmmeeeennnntttt AAAAlllllllliiiiaaaannnncccceeee SSSSoooocccciiiioooo----EEEEccccoooonnnnoooommmmiiiicccc PPPPrrrrooooffffiiiilllleeee

Lake Mainit Development Alliance LLLLaaaakkkkeeee MMMMaaaaiiiinnnniiiitttt AAAArrrreeeeaaaa

BACKGROUND

Historical The Lake Mainit Development Alliance was organized last March 1999, through a Memorandum of Agreement between the two provinces, eight Municipalities and Selected Line Agencies. The Alliance was recognized by the Regional Development Council (RDC) per RDC Resolution No. 11 series of 1999.

Political Subdivision The Lake belongs to the provinces of Surigao and Agusan del Norte, it falls within the jurisdiction of the municipalities of Mainit, Alegria, Kitcharao & Jabonga. For the headwater in the North.

Number of Barangays Out of 99 barangays, 81 barangays are found in the Lake Mainit watershed area.

PHYSICAL FEATURES

For the eight (8) municipalities/two (2) provinces

Watershed Area 87,072.00 has. Aggregate land area 72,372.00 has. Lake Surface area 149.865 km² Shoreline 62.10 kms. Maximum Depth 219.35 m Mean Depth 122.48 m Volume 18.3556 km³ Coastline Length 50 kms No. of Tributaries 28 Rivers Outlet of the Lake Kalinawan River Climate Type II (maximum rainfall November to January) Surface Temperature Range 27.00˚C - 30.66˚C Total Population 142, 344 (Census 2007, NSO)

Topography The lake Mainit area straddles the Southern part of Surigao del Norte and northern part of Agusan del Norte comprising the eight municipalities. The Lake Mainit & its watershed is situated in a small peninsula extending North from Eastern side of . The lake llies only 30 meters above sea level and is separated on the West side from Bohol Sea by ranges which is a narrow strip of land. The relief of the strip is uniformly sharp and includes numerous peaks forming a ridge between 500 to 600 meters above sea level. This continues to pass through the north end of the lake into the watershed of the Mayag River, which flanked on the west side by several peak

Executive Summary 23 exceeding 1,000 meters high. This valley is steep and much more irregular in the northwest portion of the watershed, but is gentle in the northeast portion. The east side flanked by Diwata mountain ranges with peaks as high as 1,000 meters. Land Area by Municipality from the two (2) Provinces:

Province/Municipality Area Percentage

Surigao del Norte 24,728 28 % Sison 1,310 1.5 % Tubod 4,420 5.1 % Mainit 9,772 11.2 % Others (Malimono,etc.)

Agusan del Norte 62,344 72 % Kitcharao 10,485 12 % Jabonga 19,060 21.9 % Tubay 7,450 8.6 % Others (Cabadbaran) 8,515 9.8 %

SOCIAL SECTOR

Demography Population and Household by municipality: 2007 census Ave. Annual Municipality Male Female Total Total Growth Rate Population Households (2000) Sison 5,120 4,926 11,276 1,958 2.56 % Tubod 5,270 5,048 11,664 2,022 1.56 % Mainit 12,210 11,207 23,952 4,621 1.45 % Alegria 6,937 5,986 13,369 2,349 5.0 % Kitcharao 8,151 7,799 21,426 2,851 1.67 % Jabonga 10,493 10,008 23,052 3,742 1.70 % Santiago 9,133 8,792 18,931 3,336 2.41 % Tubay 18,674 TOTAL 66,229 62,519 142,344 23,530 2.39 % Source : MPDC by municipality

Population Aged 15-64, by municipality Percentage of Municipality Male Female Total Population Sison 3,128 2,887 6,015 54.8 % Mainit 5,993 5,723 11,716 53.8 % Tubod 2,890 2,760 5,650 56.6 % Alegria 3,462 3,267 6,729 56.8 % Kitcharao 4,324 4,132 8,456 53.2 % Jabonga 5,750 5,372 11,122 55.4 % Santiago 5,125 4,787 9,912 57.1 % Tubay 5,115 4,723 9,838 56.4 %

Executive Summary 24 Total 35,787 33,651 69,438 55.5 % Barangays Located within the Lake Mainit Watershed, Number & 2007 Population Census Total No. of Barangays Located in L ake Mainit Municipality Barangays Number Population Households Sison 12 3 11,276 1,598 Mainit 21 21 11,664 4,621 Tubod 9 9 23,952 2,022 Alegria 12 12 13,369 2,073 Kitcharao 11 9 21,426 2,851 Jabonga 15 11 23,052 2,866 Santiago 8 8 18,931 2,651 Tubay 13 8 18,674 1,963 Total 99 81 142,344 19,245 Note: Not include above are 8 barangays of Cabadbaran

Types and number of Pepoles Organizations Existing in the Eight (8) Municipalities Other (civic, Farmers/ Women’s Youth religious, Municipality Fisherfolks Organizations Organizations charity, other Organizations citizens org. cooperative) Sison 5 12 5 1 Mainit 14 15 3 3 Tubod 6 4 3 5 Alegria 14 12 1 4 Kitcharao 9 1 1 - Jabonga 15 15 3 1 Santiago 4 16 1 8 Tubay 8 4 2 3 Total

RELIGION AND CULTURE Major Denominations: 1. Roman Catholic 2. Aglipay 3. UCCP 4. LDS 5. Iglesia

Other Denominations: Dialects: Surigaonon, Cebuano/Visaya, Leyteno, Boholano Ethno-linguistic groups: Mamanwa

HEALTH SUB-SECTOR Health Facilities 1. Health Centers 4. Dental Clinics 2. Hospitals 5. Day Care Centers

Executive Summary 25 3. Medical Clinics Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity (2000)

Rank Sison Mainit Tubod Alegria Kitcharao Santiago Jabonga Tubay 1 Acute Upper Schistoso- Bronchitis URTI Respiratory URTI Influenza Myocardial Respiratory miasis Tract Infections Tract Infection 2 Cardiovascu- Influenza Pneumonia Pneumonia Renal Paracitism Cardio- Diarrhea lar disease Failure Vascular Diseases 3 Ilogenital Diarrhea Wounds TB Hyporotemic Bronchitis Bronchitis Influenza Anomally Shock; gunshot wound 4 Tonsilitis Pneumonia hypertension Diarrhea PTB Diarrhea Diarrhea Hypertension 5 UTI Episgastric Schistosomiasis Schistosomiasis Cancer Wounds Filariasis TB/ pain Repiratory Diseases 6 TB Bronchitis Paracitism Chicken Pox Malaria UTI Pneumonia Chicken pox Respiratory Dengue 7 Bronchitis Hypertension Malaria Measles Cerevascular Hypertension Heart Filariasis Dengue accident Diseases 8 All types of Measles Paracitism Heart disease Diabetic Pneumonia Chicken Malaria wound pox 9 Pneumonia TB all forms Diarrhea UTI Accute Skin Dengue wounds Entiritis Diseases fever 10 Septicima wounds UTI Malaria Severe Influenza Measles H. Flu Dehydration

EDUCATION SUB-SECTOR

Literacy Rates per municipality, various years Municipality Literacy Rates (%) Sison 85.6 Mainit 95.28 Tubod 82.3 Alegria 85 Kitcharao 92.57 Jabonga 90.24 Santiago 92.24 Tubay 94.0 Average 89.7

ECONOMIC SECTOR

EMPLOYMENT

Major Fields of Employment 1. Rice farming 5. Private Sector 2. Fishing 6. Business Sector 3. Coco Farming

Executive Summary 26 4. Government IRRIGATION Existing Irrigations Systems within Lake Mainit Watershed Area Source of Irrigation Municipalities Irrigation Systems coverage Water Sison None None None Tubod Tubod CIS 64 Tubod Creek Marga CIS 100 Tubod Creek Tubod SWIP 45 Tubod Creek Timamana SWIP 106 Timamana Creek Mainit Bragy. Dayano 40 Brgy. Tagbuyawan 25 Tigbawan River Brgy. Magpayang 200 Magpayang River Mainit () 200 Tag-ayan Creek Brgy. Tag-ayan 500 Brgy. Siana 80 32 25 Alegria Brgy. San pedro 25 Lumundo Creek Brgy. Alipao 60 Candiis Creek Brgy. San Juan 30 Alimpatayan Kitcharao Poblacion 72 Lmabog Creek & Seringan 45 Waterfall Gamoton 85 Seringan Creek Lapocon 85 Anibongan 100 Anibongan Creek Brgay. Mahayahay 53 Mamcas & Kitcharao River Brgy. Canaway 50 Pangi Spring Brgy. Sangay 50 Sangay Creek Brgy. San roque 120 Brgy. Jaliobong 100 Jaliobong Creek Jabonga Poblacion 7 Jabonga Spring (SWIP,PISOS, SFR) Santiago Brgy. Aciga 50 Aciga River Tubay Brgy. Sta. Ana 40 Spring, Creek

AGRICULTURE Major Agricultural products in Lake Mainit watershed, by municipality Municipality Primary Agricultural Products Other product Sison Rice, Corn, Coconut, Banana & Veg. Producer of rattan furniture product Mainit Rice, Coconut, Banana, Fruits, Camote Fish & mineral product Tubod Rice, Corn Coconut & Vegetables Producer of Agro-forestry product Alegria Rice, Corn, Coconut & Banana Producer of Agro-forestry product Kitcharao Rice, corn, Coconut & Banana Producer of agro-forestry products Jabonga Corn, Coconut, Banana and Fruits Producer of Agro-forestry product Santiago Rice, Corn, Coconut & Banana Agro-forestry & mineral products

Executive Summary 27 Tubay Corn, Banana, Coconut, Fruits, Rice Fish & other marine products FISHING(FISHING GROUND: MAINIT LAKE) Fishing Dependent Barangays within the Watershed, by municipality No. of Barangays in Watershed Dependent on Fishing Municipality Lake River Marine Sison 3 Mainit 11 2 Tubod 1 Alegria 7 1 Kitcharao 5 Jabonga 8 2 4 Santiago 3 Tubay 3 5 Total 31 15 9

FORESTRY AND AGROFORESTRY Municipality Forest Area Planted Species Sison 1,790.28 has Fruit tress, Falcata, Gemilina Mainit 1,508.97 has. Fruit tress, Falcata, Gemilina Tubod Fruit tress, Falcata Alegria 2,329 has. Fruit tress, Falcata Kitcharao 14,760 has. Fruit tress, Falcata, Gemilina, Narra, Mahogany Jabonga Fruit tress, Falcata, Gemilina Santiago Fruit tress, Falcata, Gemilina Tubay 7,518 has. Fruit tress, Falcata

BUSINESS AND INDUSTRIES Types of Processing Industries in Lake Mainit Watershed Name of Establishment Type of Municipality Location (Brgy.) Industry/Product Mainit Quezon Food processing Mabini Tubod Poblacion Food Processing Sison Mayag Rice & Corn Mills Mayag & Gacepan Rattan Furniture Alegria Individual Households Tamboo broom making Kitcharao Anibonagn Kitcharao Marble Marble/Lime Processing San Roque Mindanao Stone Classic, Inc Marble processing Mindanao Craft Master Interprise Marble processing Santiago Jagupit Food processing (kaong) Curva Lime & charcoal E. Morgado Ginger powder Jabonga Rice milss Furniture Tubay Dona Rosario AMS Cannery Corporation Fish processing

Executive Summary 28 NON – GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION’S (NGO’s) NGO’s with interventions in the eight municipalities Municipality Name of NGO Sison SEDF Mainit World Vision, AID Found., Reach Found., Convergence Tubod World Vision Alegria World Vision, AID Found., Reach Found., Propegemus Found., Inc. Kitcharao Clean Phils., Reach Found., AID Found., Convergence, AADC Jabonga AID Found., Convergence, EDCADS, PASCRES Santiago EDCADS Tubay TITANS

TOURISM The eight (8) municipalities have formulated their own Eco-Tourism Plan Municipality Proposed Sites/Development KITCHARAO • Mangape & Anibongan Islets • Busay Park & Orchidarium • Fish Sanctuary • Bird Sanctuary • Sugod-Usa-Usa Tabonan Beachfront • Anibongan Spring • Panlangagan & Anibongan Caves • Malacanang park • Lake Mainit Viewing Deck • Sports Fishing & other Lake-Based Recreational Activities • Kitcharao Cultural Museum • Co-Park & view Deck • Fish Lodge and Restaurant

JABONGA • Top ridge View Deck • Tree Park • Orchidarium • Wild & Bird Sanctuary • Kalinawan River Tour • Sinaynganan Beach Resort • Taginis Falls • Magdagooc Falls • Mayugda Falls TUBOD • Songkoy Cold Spring • Mahukdan Lake • Mt. Maniahaw Eco-Tourism Park SISON • Mayag Mountain Resort • Biyabid Seven Waterfall • Blackstone Falls • Tinogpahan Waterfalls • Mabuhay Hot Springs • Danao Mini-Lagoon • Anislagan Falls • Mabuhay Waterfalls with Rock Formation SANTIAGO • Mapaso Hot & Cold Spring • Kalinawan River Tour

Executive Summary 29 MAINIT • Mapaso • Mainit Water Park • Togonan Waterfalls • Tangaw Beach Resort • Tagbuyawan View Deck • Dayano Cave Formation ALEGRIA • Mapaso • Pungtod Hot Spring • Budlingin Waterfalls • Pongtud Wildlife & Bird Sanctuary • Lake Mainit Shoreline

TUBAY • Tubay Mountain Resort & Trinos Beach Resort • Tagmamarkay Frog Falls • Tagbabayong Falls • Lawigan Falls

WATER SUPPLY Households with access to water supply, by type of system Total Households Directly Served % of Total Municipality Level I Level II Level III Total HH HH Sison 58 627 1,120 1,747 81.74 Mainit 745 1,642 1,249 2,385 75.16 Tubod 420 160 - 580 90.59 Alegria 210 421 1,473 2,104 87.70 Kitcharao 285 385 390 1,060 40.80 Jabonga 1,334 2,200 300 3,834 100 Santiago 331 571 243 571 90 Tubay 1,490 1,934 - 2,681 97.15

POWER SUPPLY Barangays within the watershed with Electricity, as of 2000 No. of Barangays in No. of Barangays in Municipality Watershed Watershed with Electricity Sison 3 3 Mainit 21 21 Tubod 9 9 Alegria 12 12 Kitcharao 9 8 Jabonga 11 11 Santiago 8 8 Tubay 8 6 Total 81 78

Executive Summary 30 COMMUNICATION AND FACILITIES Tawag VHF Municipality Telecom Station Radio Smart Globe Sison 1 1 Mainit 1 1 1 1 Tubod 1 1 1 Alegria 1 1 Kitcharao 1 1 2 1 1 Jabonga 1 1 1 1 Santiago 1 1 1 1 Tubay 1 1 1

WASTE DISPOSAL System of Waste disposal in each Municipality Garbage from Domestic Waste Markets/Commer Hospitals Slaughter- Municipality (HH) cial House Centers Sison Collected & Collected & n.a. Collected & brought to brought to brought to dumpsite dumpsite dumpsite (private abattoir) Mainit Collected & Dumping site Garbage pit Dumping site brought to dumping site / Individual garbage pits Tubod Individual garbage Garbage pits n.a. Septic tank pits, dumpsite Alegria Collection & Mun. garbage n.a. n.a. brought to dumpsite dumpsite, Individual garbage pits Kitcharao Individual Communal Compost pit Garbage pit Garbage pits, Compost pit Collected & borught to dumpsite Jabonga Individual garbage Burning n.a. pits, burning garbage pit Santiago Individual garbage Collected & to n.a. n.a. pits, collected & municipal brought to dumpsite dumpsite Tubay Individual garbage n.a. n.a. n.a. pits, burning

Executive Summary 31 LOCAL INSTITUTIONS Types and number of Peoples organizations existing in the eight municipalities Other (civic, religious, Municipality Farmers/Fisherfolks Womens Youth charity, other, organizations Organization Organizations citizens organizations cooperative) Sison 5 12 5 1 Mainit 14 15 3 3 Tubod 6 4 3 5 Alegria 14 12 1 4 Kitcharao 9 1 1 - Jabonga 15 15 3 1 Santiago 4 6 1 8 Tubay 8 4 2 3 Total 65 69 19 25

Executive Summary 32