DOCSLIB.ORG

The Survival of a Mathematician: from Tenure to Emeritus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The Survival of a Mathematician: From Tenure to Emeritus Steven G. Krantz December 5, 2007 ii To all the advice I never got and had to figure out for myself. Table of Contents Preface vii I Simple Steps for Little Feet 1 1 I Didn’t Sign on for This! 3 1.1 What am I Doing Here? . 4 1.2 Getting to Know You . 5 1.3 Getting to Know your Teaching . 7 1.4 Getting to Know the Other Aspects of Your Life . 8 1.5 Collegiality . 10 1.6 What Else is There to Life? . 11 2 Your Duties 13 2.1 How to Teach . 14 2.2 How Not to Teach . 16 2.3 How Teaching is Evaluated . 19 2.4 How to Establish a Teaching Reputation . 21 2.5 Teaching in Large Lectures . 23 2.6 Choosing a Textbook . 24 2.7 Teaching Cooperatively . 26 2.8 Media . 27 2.9 Research . 32 2.10 Committee Service . 33 2.11 A Panorama of Committees . 34 2.12 University-Wide Committees . 35 2.13 What Goes on at Faculty Meetings? . 37 iii iv 2.14 Serving as a Mentor . 39 2.15 Undergraduate Advising . 40 2.16 Graduate Advising . 41 2.17 Your Role in The Professional Societies . 42 2.18 Translators . 43 2.19 Is Mathematics Just a Service Department? . 45 3 Sticky Wickets 51 3.1 How to Deal With a Sequence of 1-Year Jobs . 52 3.2 If You Cannot Get Along . 53 3.3 What to Do if You Cannot Get Along with Your Students . 56 3.4 What to Do With a Problem Graduate Student . 57 3.5 Jobs in Industry . 59 3.6 What Do People in Industry Do? . 61 3.7 What about Tenure? . 63 3.8 Sex and the Single Mathematician . 64 3.9 First Kill All the Lawyers . 66 3.10 The Two-Body Problem . 68 II Living the Life 71 4 Research 73 4.1 What is Mathematical Research? . 74 4.2 How to Do Mathematical Research . 76 4.3 How to Establish a Research Reputation . 78 4.4 Seminars . 80 4.5 Writing Papers . 82 4.6 Writing Books . 85 4.7 Working on Your Own . 87 4.8 Working in Collaboration . 88 4.9 Publishing Papers . 90 4.10 Being a Referee . 92 4.11 How to Apply for a Grant . 94 4.12 How to Give a Talk . 97 4.13 Graduate Teaching . 103 4.14 Directing a Ph.D. Thesis . 105 4.15 Professional Travel . 106 v 4.16 Sabbatical Leaves . 108 4.17 What Clique Do I Fit Into? . 110 4.18 The Mathematics Research Institutes . 112 4.19 Outside Offers . 113 4.20 What Goes on at Conferences? . 115 4.21 The International Congress . 117 4.22 The January Joint Mathematics Meetings . 118 4.23 Prizes and Encomia . 121 5 Non-Research 125 5.1 Writing a Textbook . 126 5.2 The Mathematics Curriculum . 128 5.3 How to be a Departmental Citizen . 131 5.4 Letters of Recommendation . 132 5.5 Editing . 140 5.5.1 The Purpose of Editors . 141 5.5.2 Types of Editors . 142 5.5.3 Dealing with Editors . 154 5.6 What if You are a Foreigner? . 155 5.7 National Service . 157 5.8 A Mathematician’s Apology ....................159 6 Being Department Chair 161 6.1 What is a Chair? . 162 6.2 Characteristics of a Chair . 162 6.3 First, Do No Harm . 163 6.4 How to Become the Chair . 164 6.5 How to Stay Chair . 165 6.6 How to Cease Being Chair . 168 6.7 The Chair’s Duties . 169 6.7.1 The Budget . 169 6.7.2 Promotion and Tenure . 173 6.7.3 Hiring . 179 6.7.4 General Departmental Management . 183 6.7.5 The Reward System . 184 6.7.6 When One of Your People Wins a Prize . 186 6.7.7 Relations with Other Departments . 187 6.7.8 Vice-Chairs . 189 vi 6.7.9 Committees . 190 6.7.10 Graduate Students . 190 6.7.11 The Graduate Vice-Chair . 192 6.7.12 Undergraduate Math Majors . 192 6.7.13 The Undergraduate Vice-Chair . 193 6.7.14 The Curriculum . 194 6.7.15 Getting Along With the Staff . 196 6.7.16 Working Together as a Team . 198 6.7.17 Supporting Your Faculty’s Teaching Efforts . 200 6.7.18 Supporting Your Faculty’s Research Efforts . 201 6.7.19 Endowed Lecture Series . 202 6.7.20 Faculty Complaints . 203 6.7.21 Faculty Discipline . 204 6.7.22 Prima Donnas and the Like . 205 6.7.23 Outside Offers . 206 6.7.24 The Library . 207 6.7.25 Computer Support and Technology for the Department 208 6.7.26 Part-Time Faculty and Freeway Fliers . 210 6.7.27 Chair Professorships for the Department . 212 6.7.28 Retirement and Emeritus Professors . 214 6.7.29 Tenured Faculty Changing Departments . 217 6.7.30 Raising Money for Your Department . 218 6.7.31 The Interface Between the Dean and the Faculty . 219 6.7.32 Miscellany of Being Chair . 222 6.7.33 The Duration of Your Term as Chair . 224 6.7.34 Staying Alive While You Are Chair . 225 6.7.35 A Second Term as Chair . 226 6.7.36 Do You Want to Become a Dean? . 228 III Looking Ahead 231 7 Living Your Life 233 7.1 Time Management . 234 7.2 Publish or Perish . 236 7.3 Tenure and the Like . 238 7.4 How to Be a Tenured Faculty Member . 242 7.5 What Happens if You Don’t Get Tenure? . 244 vii 7.6 If Tenure Doesn’t Make You Happy . 245 7.7 How to Keep Your Teaching Alive and Vital . 246 7.8 Promotion through the Ranks . 249 7.9 Striking a Balance . 251 7.10 How to Know When You are Done for the Day . 252 7.11 Managing Your Life . 253 Glossary 255 Bibliography 273 Index 277 Preface The tradition in mathematics is that the profession is a sink-or-swim oper- ation. Nobody tells you, once you earn the venerable Ph.D., what you are supposed to do next. If you are lucky, your thesis advisor will get you a job. If you are especially lucky, this will be an academic job. But, in point of fact, there are many choices these days. Your first job could be at a lab that is part of the genome project. It could be at Microsoft. It could be with the Federal Government. But then just what are you supposed to do? How do you function? What are your goals? What is expected of you? To whom are you answerable? It is a hard fact that more than 90% of American Ph.D. mathematicians never write a paper. Of those who do, most write just one paper based on the Ph.D. thesis and that’s it. Nothing more. Why is this? Is the cutting of the (academic) umbilical cord so traumatic that most people just fall off the wagon? Or are the reasons more complicated? Do people just get wrapped up in other duties, or other career pursuits, and decide after a while that “Publish or perish.” is not part of their credo? Are they perhaps in a job where publishing and doing research is not really the thing that is rewarded? And what about teaching? If you are working for the National Security Agency (as, for instance, three of my Ph.D. students now are), then you certainly will not be teaching classes, or grading papers, or giving grades. But you will have to give seminars. You will have to mentor others. You will have to provide guidance to younger staff members. How does one learn these skills? And, no matter where you work or what you do, you will no doubt work as part of a team. You will have to function in meetings, and on conference calls, and in interactions with your supervisors and your subordinates. vii viii If you are in an academic job, then your role(s) in life are carefully de- lineated and described in your institution’s Tenure Document: teaching, re- search, and service are the three branches of an academic’s professional activ- ity. He/she is judged on each of these, and in different ways. For example, if you manage to prove the Riemann hypothesis, then it doesn’t matter whether you spend your time at staff meetings rolling your eyes and humming The Battle Hymn of the Republic. If you are a world-class teacher, then you will probably be granted some slack in your research program. If you are a terrific departmental citizen, seen as a person who holds the ship of state together, then you will perhaps not have to put in quite so much time on the other two portions of your profile. The bottom line is that there is an awful lot about this profession that you are going to have to figure out.
Recommended publications
  • 2015 Kaleidoscope

    2015 Kaleidoscope

    The faculty advisors wish to give special recognition and thanks to these individuals who also gave of their time and energy to make this edition of the Kaleidoscope possible: Lauren Courtney, Jakob Plotts, and Tracy Snowman. Thank you! 2 Kaleidoscope Journal of Art & Literature -Editor- James Grove -Assistant Editors- Brie Coder Alexa Dailey Georgia Meagher Trista Miller Cameron Phillips -Faculty Advisors- Michael Maher Becca Werland -Cover Art- Brandy Wise 3 Alexa Dailey-17, 25 Alyssa Brown-28 Amber Burnett-8 Annalea Forrest-9, 11, 16, 18, 24 Aubrey Foust-6, 14, 20, 31 Brandy Wise-Cover Brie Coder-29 Cecilia Carrillo-12, 18 Edward Johnson-5, 9, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30 Frances G. Tate-32 Georgia Meagher-13 Jacqueline Westin-6,10, 12, 20, 26 Jakob Plotts-3, 5, 8, 21 James Grove-21, 32 Jed Vaughn-11 Lafe Richardson-10, 19 An Artist’s Still Life Paula Cortes-4 Jakob Plotts Sheretta S Miller-7, 15, 22 4 Letter from the Editor Life is filled with a variety of people; some are good and others bad. We have athletes, scholars, theatre progressives, metal heads, and far too many more to write down in the little space I have. The point is that life is filled with different walks of life, and perhaps that’s what I en- joy most about the Kaleidoscope. Within these pages, you, dear reader, will find people who’ve gained and lost, found joy and pain. You’ll find works of the sur- real, and still ones of reality. I give thanks to those who helped piece together the many to present something whole, for that is the heart of the Kaleidoscope.
  • A MATHEMATICIAN's SURVIVAL GUIDE 1. an Algebra Teacher I

    A MATHEMATICIAN's SURVIVAL GUIDE 1. an Algebra Teacher I

    A MATHEMATICIAN’S SURVIVAL GUIDE PETER G. CASAZZA 1. An Algebra Teacher I could Understand Emmy award-winning journalist and bestselling author Cokie Roberts once said: As long as algebra is taught in school, there will be prayer in school. 1.1. An Object of Pride. Mathematician’s relationship with the general public most closely resembles “bipolar” disorder - at the same time they admire us and hate us. Almost everyone has had at least one bad experience with mathematics during some part of their education. Get into any taxi and tell the driver you are a mathematician and the response is predictable. First, there is silence while the driver relives his greatest nightmare - taking algebra. Next, you will hear the immortal words: “I was never any good at mathematics.” My response is: “I was never any good at being a taxi driver so I went into mathematics.” You can learn a lot from taxi drivers if you just don’t tell them you are a mathematician. Why get started on the wrong foot? The mathematician David Mumford put it: “I am accustomed, as a professional mathematician, to living in a sort of vacuum, surrounded by people who declare with an odd sort of pride that they are mathematically illiterate.” 1.2. A Balancing Act. The other most common response we get from the public is: “I can’t even balance my checkbook.” This reflects the fact that the public thinks that mathematics is basically just adding numbers. They have no idea what we really do. Because of the textbooks they studied, they think that all needed mathematics has already been discovered.
  • MY UNFORGETTABLE EARLY YEARS at the INSTITUTE Enstitüde Unutulmaz Erken Yıllarım

    MY UNFORGETTABLE EARLY YEARS at the INSTITUTE Enstitüde Unutulmaz Erken Yıllarım

    MY UNFORGETTABLE EARLY YEARS AT THE INSTITUTE Enstitüde Unutulmaz Erken Yıllarım Dinakar Ramakrishnan `And what was it like,’ I asked him, `meeting Eliot?’ `When he looked at you,’ he said, `it was like standing on a quay, watching the prow of the Queen Mary come towards you, very slowly.’ – from `Stern’ by Seamus Heaney in memory of Ted Hughes, about the time he met T.S.Eliot It was a fortunate stroke of serendipity for me to have been at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, twice during the nineteen eighties, first as a Post-doctoral member in 1982-83, and later as a Sloan Fellow in the Fall of 1986. I had the privilege of getting to know Robert Langlands at that time, and, needless to say, he has had a larger than life influence on me. It wasn’t like two ships passing in the night, but more like a rowboat feeling the waves of an oncoming ship. Langlands and I did not have many conversations, but each time we did, he would make a Zen like remark which took me a long time, at times months (or even years), to comprehend. Once or twice it even looked like he was commenting not on the question I posed, but on a tangential one; however, after much reflection, it became apparent that what he had said had an interesting bearing on what I had been wondering about, and it always provided a new take, at least to me, on the matter. Most importantly, to a beginner in the field like I was then, he was generous to a fault, always willing, whenever asked, to explain the subtle aspects of his own work.
  • Epiglass ® and Other International Paint Products

    Epiglass ® and Other International Paint Products

    Epiglass® Multipurpose Epoxy Resin ABOUT THE AUTHORS ROGER MARSHALL For eight years award winning author Roger Marshall has been the technical editor for Soundings magazine where his articles are read by about 250,000 people each month. Marshall’s experience as a writer spans for many years. His work has appeared worldwide as well as the New York Times, Daily Telegraph (UK), Sports illustrated, Sail, Cruising World, Motor Boating and sailing, Yachting and many other newspapers and magazines. Marshall is also the author of twelve marine related books, two of which were translated into Italian and Spanish. His last book All about Powerboats was published by International Marine in the spring of 2002. He has another book Rough Weather Seamanship due in the fall of 2003 and is currently working on a new book, Elements of Powerboat Design for International Marine. But writing is only a small part of Marshall’s talents. He is also a designer of boats, both power and sail. After completing a program in small craft design at Southampton College in England, Marshall, who still holds a British passport, moved to the United States in 1973 to take a position at Sparkman & Stephens, Inc. in New York. He worked there as a designer for nearly 5 years and then left to establish his own yacht design studio in Jamestown, Rhode Island. As an independent designer he has designed a wide range of boats and was project engineer for the Courageous Challenge for the 1987 America’s Cup campaign in Australia. In 1999 one of his cruising yacht designs was selected for inclusion in Ocean Cruising magazine’s American Yacht Review.
  • Sir Andrew J. Wiles

    Sir Andrew J. Wiles

    ISSN 0002-9920 (print) ISSN 1088-9477 (online) of the American Mathematical Society March 2017 Volume 64, Number 3 Women's History Month Ad Honorem Sir Andrew J. Wiles page 197 2018 Leroy P. Steele Prize: Call for Nominations page 195 Interview with New AMS President Kenneth A. Ribet page 229 New York Meeting page 291 Sir Andrew J. Wiles, 2016 Abel Laureate. “The definition of a good mathematical problem is the mathematics it generates rather Notices than the problem itself.” of the American Mathematical Society March 2017 FEATURES 197 239229 26239 Ad Honorem Sir Andrew J. Interview with New The Graduate Student Wiles AMS President Kenneth Section Interview with Abel Laureate Sir A. Ribet Interview with Ryan Haskett Andrew J. Wiles by Martin Raussen and by Alexander Diaz-Lopez Allyn Jackson Christian Skau WHAT IS...an Elliptic Curve? Andrew Wiles's Marvelous Proof by by Harris B. Daniels and Álvaro Henri Darmon Lozano-Robledo The Mathematical Works of Andrew Wiles by Christopher Skinner In this issue we honor Sir Andrew J. Wiles, prover of Fermat's Last Theorem, recipient of the 2016 Abel Prize, and star of the NOVA video The Proof. We've got the official interview, reprinted from the newsletter of our friends in the European Mathematical Society; "Andrew Wiles's Marvelous Proof" by Henri Darmon; and a collection of articles on "The Mathematical Works of Andrew Wiles" assembled by guest editor Christopher Skinner. We welcome the new AMS president, Ken Ribet (another star of The Proof). Marcelo Viana, Director of IMPA in Rio, describes "Math in Brazil" on the eve of the upcoming IMO and ICM.
  • Alfred Tarski and a Watershed Meeting in Logic: Cornell, 1957 Solomon Feferman1

    Alfred Tarski and a Watershed Meeting in Logic: Cornell, 1957 Solomon Feferman1

    Alfred Tarski and a watershed meeting in logic: Cornell, 1957 Solomon Feferman1 For Jan Wolenski, on the occasion of his 60th birthday2 In the summer of 1957 at Cornell University the first of a cavalcade of large-scale meetings partially or completely devoted to logic took place--the five-week long Summer Institute for Symbolic Logic. That meeting turned out to be a watershed event in the development of logic: it was unique in bringing together for such an extended period researchers at every level in all parts of the subject, and the synergetic connections established there would thenceforth change the face of mathematical logic both qualitatively and quantitatively. Prior to the Cornell meeting there had been nothing remotely like it for logicians. Previously, with the growing importance in the twentieth century of their subject both in mathematics and philosophy, it had been natural for many of the broadly representative meetings of mathematicians and of philosophers to include lectures by logicians or even have special sections devoted to logic. Only with the establishment of the Association for Symbolic Logic in 1936 did logicians begin to meet regularly by themselves, but until the 1950s these occasions were usually relatively short in duration, never more than a day or two. Alfred Tarski was one of the principal organizers of the Cornell institute and of some of the major meetings to follow on its heels. Before the outbreak of World War II, outside of Poland Tarski had primarily been involved in several Unity of Science Congresses, including the first, in Paris in 1935, and the fifth, at Harvard in September, 1939.
  • 21 Pintura.Pdf

    21 Pintura.Pdf

    Paint 1247 Marpro Super-B Gold™ with SCX™-Slime Control Xtra Marpro Superkote Gold™ with SCX™ - Slime Control Xtra Black Blue Red Green Black Blue Red • SUPER-B GOLD is the highest performance ablative copolymer on the market today. • The highest copper content (67%) in our line. • SUPERKOTE GOLD is the highest performance • Performance booster SCX (Slime Control Xtra) modified hard epoxy performance products on the provides outstanding protection against slime, market today. grass and weed. • The highest copper content (67%) in our line. Paint & Paint Acc. & Paint Paint • Continual release of biocide makes this self-polishing copolymer most • Performance booster SCX (Slime Control Xtra) provides outstanding effective for anti-fouling protection, with only minimal paint buildup. protection against slime, grass and weed. • Tough, multi-season paint for superior protection against hard and soft • Continual release of biocide makes this modified hard epoxy most effective growth in extreme fouling conditions. for antifouling protection. • Can re-launch after extended haul-out and retain original antifouling • Superior protection against hard and soft growth in extreme fouling Fun & properties. conditions. Flotation • Perfect for powerboats and sailboats. • Perfect for powerboats and sailboats. Anchor • Can be applied directly over properly prepared ablatives, epoxies and vinyl’s, • Can be applied directly over properly prepared epoxies and vinyls, and most & Dock and most any other hard or ablative bottom paints. any other hard bottom paints.
  • The King's Banner

    The King's Banner

    Home Page THE KING’S BANNER Christ the King Lutheran Church, Houston, Texas Volume 68, Number 1, January, 2013 Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Festival of the Epiphany January 6 Blessing of Homes on Twelfth Night Intergenerational Celebration The Twelfth Night of Christmas and Epiphany Day Join us on Sunday, January 6 to end the twelve days of Christmas and also offer an occasion to bless our own homes celebrate the festival of the Epiphany where God dwells with us in our daily living. A of Our Lord. Worship will begin in the printed rite of blessing and chalk will be supplied to narthex with the blessing of the nave all who wish to bless their home and inscribe their and inscription above the door. Between entrance door with 20+CBM+13. When the magi the early and late services all are invited saw the shining star stop overhead, they were filled to a time of fellowship with storytelling, with joy. “On entering the house, they saw the child candle making, star crafting, and the with Mary his mother.” (Matthew 2:10-11) finding of the baby in the King’s Cake. Annual Meeting Part II 8:30 a.m. Early service begins in the narthex Part II of the annual congregational meeting will be 9:30 a.m. Coffee and King’s Cake in the courtyard held on February 3, at 12:30 p.m. in the parish hall. 9:50 a.m. Epiphany story for adults and children in the parish hall On the agenda are the 10:15 a.m.
  • Books for Complex Analysis

    Books for Complex Analysis

    Books for complex analysis August 4, 2006 • Complex Analysis, Lars Ahlfors Product Details: ISBN: 0070006571 Format: Hardcover, 336pp Pub. Date: January 1979 Publisher: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math Edition Description: 3d ed $167.75 (all- time classic, cannot be a complex analyst without it, not easy for beginners) • Functions of One Complex Variable I (Graduate Texts in Mathematics Series #11) John B. Conway Product Details: ISBN: 0387903283 Format: Hardcover, 317pp Pub. Date: January 1978 Publisher: Springer-Verlag New York, LLC Edition Number: 2 $59.95 (another classic book for a complex analysis course) • Theory of Functions Edward Charles Titchmarsh ISBN: 0198533497 Format: Paperback, 464pp Pub. Date: May 1976 Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA Edition Description: REV Edition Number: 2 $98.00 (Chapters 1-8) • Complex Analysis (Princeton Lectures in Analysis Series Vol. II) Elias M. Stein, Rami Shakarchi Product Details: ISBN: 0691113858 Format: Hardcover, 400pp Pub. Date: May 2003 Pub- lisher: Princeton University Press $52.50 (part of a series of books in analysis, modern with nice applications) • Real and Complex Analysis Walter Rudin ISBN: 0070542341 Format: Hardcover, 480pp Pub. Date: May 1986 Publisher: McGraw- Hill Science/Engineering/Math Edition Description: 3rd ed Edition Number: 3 $167.75 (only Chapters 10-16, exercises are hard, written concisely) • Complex Variables and Applications James Ward Brown, Ruel V. Churchill, Product Details: ISBN: 0072872527 Format: Hardcover, 480pp Pub. Date: February 2003 Publisher: McGraw-Hill Companies, The Edition Number: 7 $149.75 (mostly undergraduate book, but Appendix 2 is a nice table of conformal mappings) • Elementary Theory of Analytic Functions of One or Several Complex Variables Henri Cartan Product Details: ISBN: 0486685438 Format: Paperback, 228pp Pub.
  • A Century of Mathematics in America, Peter Duren Et Ai., (Eds.), Vol

    A Century of Mathematics in America, Peter Duren Et Ai., (Eds.), Vol

    Garrett Birkhoff has had a lifelong connection with Harvard mathematics. He was an infant when his father, the famous mathematician G. D. Birkhoff, joined the Harvard faculty. He has had a long academic career at Harvard: A.B. in 1932, Society of Fellows in 1933-1936, and a faculty appointmentfrom 1936 until his retirement in 1981. His research has ranged widely through alge­ bra, lattice theory, hydrodynamics, differential equations, scientific computing, and history of mathematics. Among his many publications are books on lattice theory and hydrodynamics, and the pioneering textbook A Survey of Modern Algebra, written jointly with S. Mac Lane. He has served as president ofSIAM and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Mathematics at Harvard, 1836-1944 GARRETT BIRKHOFF O. OUTLINE As my contribution to the history of mathematics in America, I decided to write a connected account of mathematical activity at Harvard from 1836 (Harvard's bicentennial) to the present day. During that time, many mathe­ maticians at Harvard have tried to respond constructively to the challenges and opportunities confronting them in a rapidly changing world. This essay reviews what might be called the indigenous period, lasting through World War II, during which most members of the Harvard mathe­ matical faculty had also studied there. Indeed, as will be explained in §§ 1-3 below, mathematical activity at Harvard was dominated by Benjamin Peirce and his students in the first half of this period. Then, from 1890 until around 1920, while our country was becoming a great power economically, basic mathematical research of high quality, mostly in traditional areas of analysis and theoretical celestial mechanics, was carried on by several faculty members.
  • Elementary Number Theory

    Elementary Number Theory

    Elementary Number Theory Peter Hackman HHH Productions November 5, 2007 ii c P Hackman, 2007. Contents Preface ix A Divisibility, Unique Factorization 1 A.I The gcd and B´ezout . 1 A.II Two Divisibility Theorems . 6 A.III Unique Factorization . 8 A.IV Residue Classes, Congruences . 11 A.V Order, Little Fermat, Euler . 20 A.VI A Brief Account of RSA . 32 B Congruences. The CRT. 35 B.I The Chinese Remainder Theorem . 35 B.II Euler’s Phi Function Revisited . 42 * B.III General CRT . 46 B.IV Application to Algebraic Congruences . 51 B.V Linear Congruences . 52 B.VI Congruences Modulo a Prime . 54 B.VII Modulo a Prime Power . 58 C Primitive Roots 67 iii iv CONTENTS C.I False Cases Excluded . 67 C.II Primitive Roots Modulo a Prime . 70 C.III Binomial Congruences . 73 C.IV Prime Powers . 78 C.V The Carmichael Exponent . 85 * C.VI Pseudorandom Sequences . 89 C.VII Discrete Logarithms . 91 * C.VIII Computing Discrete Logarithms . 92 D Quadratic Reciprocity 103 D.I The Legendre Symbol . 103 D.II The Jacobi Symbol . 114 D.III A Cryptographic Application . 119 D.IV Gauß’ Lemma . 119 D.V The “Rectangle Proof” . 123 D.VI Gerstenhaber’s Proof . 125 * D.VII Zolotareff’s Proof . 127 E Some Diophantine Problems 139 E.I Primes as Sums of Squares . 139 E.II Composite Numbers . 146 E.III Another Diophantine Problem . 152 E.IV Modular Square Roots . 156 E.V Applications . 161 F Multiplicative Functions 163 F.I Definitions and Examples . 163 CONTENTS v F.II The Dirichlet Product .
  • Honorable Mayor and City Council From

    Honorable Mayor and City Council From

    STAFF REPORT TO: HONORABLE MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL FROM: MARTIN D. KOCZANOWICZ, CITY ATTORNEY SUBJECT: CONSIDERATION OF POLICY FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF "MAYOR EMERITUS" TITLE BACKGROUND At the July 6 and August 17. 2009 Council meetings, the possibility of establishing a Mayor Emeritus title was agendized for discussion. Shortly before the August meeting Council received a request from a proponent of the potential policy, withdrawing his request for consideration. Council tabled the item. Recently Council has again asked to have the matter agendized for further discussion. Attached to this staff report are the prior staff reports and research materials obtained by staff at that time. (Attachment 1) By agendizing the item for this meeting, the Council may discuss the proposed policy and, depending on the outcome of such discussion, provide additional direction to staff. DISCUSSION As a summary of prior research the title of "Emeritus" is generally associated with the field of academia. According to a dictionary definition, it is an adjective that is used in the title of a retired professor, bishop or other professional. The term is used when a person of importance in a given profession retires, so that his/her former rank can still be used in his/her title. This is particularly useful when establishing the authority of a person who might comment, lecture or write on a particular subject. The word originated in the mid-18th century from Latin as the past participle of emereri, meaning to "earn ones discharge by service". It is customarily bestowed by educational institutions on retiring/retired faculty members or administrators in recognition of their long-term service.