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The Church Bells of Norfolk

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The Church Bells of Norfolk The Church Bells of Norfolk BY John L’Estrange File 02 : Notes on bells and founders Pages 50 to 88 This document is provided for you by The Whiting Society of Ringers visit www.whitingsociety.org.uk for the full range of publications and articles about bells and change ringing Purchased from ebay store retromedia 50 NOTES ON BELLS AND BELL-FOUNDEKS. THE LONDON FOUNDEIES. Although for five hundred years or more, with scarcely any interruption, a bell-foundry existed in Norfolk, still very many bells are found in our churches which were cast elsewhere. It is now proposed to class under the names of the several foundries of London, Bury, &c., the bells which appear to have been cast at them. The London foundries naturally claim our notice first, although comparatively but few early bells can with certainty be attributed to them. The fifth bell at South Lopham has its legend 4* virginis <> EGREGiE o vocoR « CAMPANA o MARIE in fine large crowned capitals. (Xo. 3.) (Xo. 4.) — —— Purchased from ebay store retromedia THE LONDON FOUNDRIES. 51 The initial cross,^ No. 1 ; the crown, No. 2 ; and the stop, No. 4, dividing the words, are here engraved ; as is also a shield, No. 3, charged with a chevron between three ewers or lave pots, which is repeated four times on the haunch of the bell above the inscription, Deopham fifth bell and Surlingham third bell are respectively o o inscribed— 4* dvlsis sisto » melis ° campana vocor „ rafaelis, and *i» viRGiNis egregie, &c., in characters smaller than those of the bell last mentioned. The stop on the Surlingham bell. No. 5, is the central ornament only of the stop on the South Lopham bell, the border of crowns and cinquefoils being omitted. The stop on the Deopham bell. No. 6, is more simple. The initial cross. No. 7, here figured is the same on both bells, and (Xo. 5.) is also found on (No. 7.) Cringleford second bell, inscribed -h Sum . Eosa . |5ulsata , JHunDi . l^atcrina . F0cata Norwich, All Saints, second bell 4* Callus . Focor . lEgo , Solus . Super . ©mnia . Souo Surlingham fourth bell 4- lofjanncs . Cristt . Care . ©tsnarc . Pro , i^obis . ©rare These bells, like the South Lopham fifth, bear four shields charged with a chevron between three ewers, No. 3 ; and althougli inscribed in black-letter, there is between each word the stop 9 and tlic block engraved This cross occurs on a bell at Aldfristoii, Sussex ; wood was for Mr. Amherst Tyssen's Church Bells of Sussex. On the Lopham bell the outline of the cross is circular and not octagonal. H 2 — Purchased from ebay store retromedia 52 >'OTES ON BELLS AND BELL-FOUNTDERS. No. 8, the legend around which is 4- SEilliam , ffountior . mc . fecit. DiTCHiNGiiAM fourth and fifth bells, respectively inscribed (BtttXli^ ^tiniS i^csonct Campana 3cif}annts and Sum l\osa Pulsata iHuntii fHaria Uocata, are without any stop between the words, and have the shield with (No. 8.) the three ewers, No. 3, instead of an initial cross. The capital letters of the fifth bell are crowned, being those of the Lopham bell, whilst the black letter is the same as that on the bells at Cringleford, Norwich All Saints, and Surlingham. Whitweij> fourth, fifth, and sixth bells, inscribed 4- SEo.x ^uQustmt Sonet hi ^ure IBet 4- Sancta i^aterina ©ra Pro i^obis 4- Sit i^omen JBomiui Benetftctum have these shields and this initial cross Purchased from ebay store retromedia THE LONDON FOUNDRIES. 53 Bells similar to the preceding are found all over England ; and it is evident from the lettering of them, and the use of the same crosses and stops, that they all come from one foundry ; and as they are met with in London, Mr. Tysscn's conclusion is, that " London is the most likely j)lace for the foundry." ^ "We are, unfortunately, at present, ignorant as to the early history of the London bell-founders ; a few of their names is all that has been recovered concerning them. Richard de Wimbish, potter and citizen of London, is mentioned in 1312, as casting a bell for the conventual church of the Holy Trinity in Aldgate.^ His name occurs also on bells at Slapton, Northamptonshire;^ Berechurch, Essex; Burham, Kent;* and Great Bradle}^ Suffolk. There arc also two bells cast by Michael de Wimbis at Bradenham, Bucks, and one by Walter de "Wimbis at Kingston, Surrey. John Aleyn, who cast the first bell at Southease, Surrey, used the same cross as Walter de Wimbis. In 1308 the name of Balph de Wimbis, potter,^ is foimd; and in 1316, Henry in the Lane, John atte Marche, William de Alegate, and Robert de Baughtone, are mentioned as founders and workers of pots.^ Stephen Norton, of Kent, whose name is on bells at Snave in Bomney Marsh, and Holy Cross, Canterbury, was also, probably, a London founder. Robert Burford of London was paid £31. 14s. 7d. in 1410 for a new bell and all its furniture, supplied by him to Shropham Church.''' In Poole's History of Ecclesiastical Architecture in England, at pp. 386—390, are reprinted from Dugdale's JFarivickshire "Docu- ments relating to the Decorations of the Beauchamp Chapel in St. Mary's Church, Warwick." In these, Will. Austen, citizen ' T/ie Church Bells of Sussex, p. 15. - Riley's Memorials of London and London Life, p. 100. London, 18G8. His name occurs at p. 47, as early as 1303, with the names of Thomas de Bykenore, Eobcrt Lorchon, and Geoffrey le Porter, also potters and citizens of London. ^ Ail Account of Church Bells, by Rev. W. C. Lukis, p. 86. * The Church Bells of Sussex, p. 7. * Memorials of London and London Life, p. 64. •> Ibid. p. 118. These pottei'S were not necessarily bell-founders; but it seems desirable to keep their names in sight, as they may perhaps be found upon church bells. ' Blomcfield, vol. i. p. oOS, fo. ed. — ; Purchased from ebay store retromedia 54 ^"OTES ON liELLS AND I'.El-h-FOUNDERS. and founder of London, is mentioned (1449— 1451) tis making- images of latten ; and perhaj^s he was the William Founder whose name occurs on the stojjs of the Cringleford, Norwich All Saints, and Surlingham bells, which were apparently cast about the middle of the fifteenth century. Mr. Tyssen mentions as London bell-founders, Bullisden, 1510 ; William Smith, Algate, 1510 John Owen, 1552 ; and William Culverden, 1510—23, who refers in his will to Thomas Lawrence of London, bell-maker. Some idea may be formed of the extent of William Culverden's foundry, from the fact that he had sold his plant for £120, as appears from the following extract from his will. " And further- more as touching all and singular my belmolds and implements w' all other stuffe w*in the said house grounde and shedds neces- sary and belonging to the crafte or science of Belfounders or Brasiers which particularly ben expressed in an other pair of indentures made also bitwene me and the said Thomas Lawrens. I have in likewise solde to the said Thomas Lawrence for the sume of one hundred and twenty pounds sterling, &c." William E,evel and William Schep were, I think, London founders ; there is a bell cast by Revel at St. Laurence, Norwich, inscribed, in characters illustrated on the opposite page •f. VOCOR ': JOHANNES •!• WILELMUS ] revel ] ME FECIT. And a bell from Sutton at Hone, Kent, was inscribed tempora -J* [ ': fvlgvra dvm ] pvlso j gesso ] maria in the same letters, as is also the third bell at Heckfield, Hampshire, with the legend, *: {• now GOD \ HELP ] AND ] HAVE | AL . There are also bells bearing William Revel's name, in much smaller letters, at Rowdham, Norfolk, and Longfield, Kent ; and there is another of Revel's bells at Hassingham, Norfolk, the letters of which differ in size from his other type, but have the same double outline. William Schep's name is found on a bell at Garboldisham, which not only resembles very closely Revel's bell at St. Laurence, Norwich, but has its inscription, AD LAVDEM SANCTI : ANTONII vviLELMVs : SCHEP : me FEcrr in the same letters as the inscription on the Hassingham bell. Purchased from ebay store retromedia THIRD BELL ST. LAURENCES^-f-'c NORvVlCH — Purchased from ebay store retromedia THE LONDON FOUNDRIES. 55 I would attribute to a London foundry bells at Wi:mbotsham, New Houghton, Burnham Deepdale, and "West Lynn, cast by one Derby, and respectively inscribed f" SANCTA . MARIA • ORA . PRO . NOBIS SANCTE • PETRE • ORA • PRO • NOBIS . • J* DARBY FECIT . ISTA • • • • • f» AVE MARIA GRACIA PLENA DNSNIMVS TECV . MDERBY = J* PETRVS 1 AD : ETERNE I DVCAT 1 NOS PASCVA i VITE The stop between the words on the Wimbots- ham, Houghton, and Burnham bells is here figured ; that on the West Lynn bell is merely three dots, thus ; but all have the same initial ; cross, which is also found, apparently from the same mould, on a bell at Dyrham, Gloucestershire. Above the inscriptions on these bells are three crowned heads. At "West Lynn one ajDpears to be a king's head, the others two queens' heads ; on the "Wimbotsham bell the king's head only appears. Mr. Ellacombe has kindly placed at my disposal stereotypes of the heads on the Dyrham bell, which appear on comparison to be like those on the bell at West Lynn.^ There are also bells with tlie \^^^^ ; Purchased from ebay store retromedia 56 NOTES ON HELLS AND BELL-FOUNDERS. shire, and Ampton, Suffolk,^ on which the name of tlio founder, Derby, also occurs ; and with otlicr crowned heads, supposed to be those of Edward III.
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