Environmental Assessment Report

Initial E nvironmental E xamination for SH-51: P achor–Chapikheda–Zirapur– P roject Road Project Number: 43063 November 2010

IND: State Roads Project III

Prepared by Government of Madhya Pradesh for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

Table of Contents Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………………vii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Project Background/Rationale ...... 1 1.2. Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) and Environmental Assessment ...... 2 1.3. Purpose of the Study ...... 2 1.4. Extent of IEE ...... 3 1.5. IEE Content ...... 3 1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements ...... 3 1.7. Methodology ...... 3 1.7.1. Information/ data Sources ...... 4 1.7.2. Public Consultation ...... 5 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 6 2.1. Country’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project ...... 6 2.2. Environmental Clearance Process ...... 7 2.3. Administrative Structure and the Interactive framework ...... 8 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 10 3.1. Project Location ...... 10 3.2. Characteristics of the Existing road ...... 11 3.3. Category of the Project ...... 14 3.4. Need for the Sub-Project ...... 14 3.5. Existing and Projected Traffic ...... 15 3.6. Key Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activities ...... 16 3.7. Material required and Sourcing ...... 22 3.8. Project Implementation Schedule and Cost ...... 24 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 25 4.2. Physical Environment ...... 26 4.2.1. Meteorology and Climate ...... 26 4.2.2. Air and Noise Quality ...... 28 4.2.3. Topography and Geomorphology ...... 29 4.2.4. Geology/Soil ...... 30 4.2.5. Seismicity ...... 31 4.2.6. Land use ...... 32 4.2.7. Hydrology and Drainage ...... 33 4.2.8. Groundwater ...... 34 4.2.9. Surface water ...... 34 4.3. Ecological Resources ...... 36 4.3.1. Terrestrial Ecology ...... 36 4.3.2. Fauna ...... 40 4.3.3. Aquatic Ecology ...... 45 4.4. Socio-Economic Environment ...... 45 4.5. Social and Cultural Resources ...... 47 4.5.1. Population and Communities ...... 47 4.5.2. Literacy ...... 49 4.5.3. Occupational Status ...... 49 4.5.4. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance ...... 50 ii

5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES 51 5.1.1. Climate ...... 51 5.1.2. Natural Hazard ...... 52 5.1.3. Air Quality ...... 52 5.1.4. Noise ...... 53 5.1.5. Impact on Land and Soil ...... 54 5.1.6. Groundwater ...... 58 5.1.7. Siltation and Surface Water Quality of Rivers and Other Water Bodies ...... 58 5.1.8. Hydrology and Drainage ...... 60 5.2. Impact on Biological Environment ...... 60 5.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology ...... 60 5.2.2. Aquatic Ecology ...... 66 5.2.3. Fauna ...... 67 5.3. Management of Construction Debris/Waste ...... 67 5.4. Socio-Economic Impact ...... 68 5.4.1. Positive Impacts ...... 68 5.4.2. Anticipated Negative Impacts ...... 68 5.4.3. Obstruction and Disruption of Traffic ...... 71 5.4.4. Transportation and Storage of Materials ...... 72 5.5. Cumulative and Induced Impact ...... 74 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 75 6.1. Consultation Method and Information Disclosed ...... 75 6.2. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements ...... 75 6.3. Beneficiaries’ Comments ...... 78 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND GRIEVANCE REDDRESS MECHANISM 80 7.1. Environmental Management Plan ...... 80 7.1.1. Social Development and Indigenous People Development Program (IPDP)80 7.1.2. Emergency Response Plan ...... 80 7.2. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) ...... 80 7.2.1. Monitoring schedule and performance indicator ...... 81 7.2.2. Authorities and their Responsibilities for Implementation of EMoP ...... 82 7.3. Institutional Setting and Proposed Implementation Arrangement ...... 82 7.3.2. Institutional / Capacity Building ...... 86 7.4. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 88 8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 89 8.1. Conclusions ...... 89 8.2. Key Recommendations: ...... 90

List of Tables Table 1.1 : Road Sections under MP State Highways III Project ...... 1 Table 1.2 : Primary and Secondary Information Sources ...... 4 Table 2.1 : Permissions/Clearances Required for the Sub-Project ...... 6 Table 3.1 : Carriageway Details ...... 11 Table 3.2 : List of Major and Minor Intersections ...... 13 Table 3.3 : ADT of Project Road ...... 15 Table 3.4 : Summary of Projected Traffic for the Project Road ...... 16 Table 3.5 : Cement Concrete Lined Drain ...... 18 Table 3.6 : Crash Barrier Location ...... 19 Table 3.7 : Lighting ...... 20 iii

Table 3.8 : Bus Stop Locations ...... 20 Table 3.9 : Stone Pitching ...... 21 Table 3.10 : List of Borrow Area ...... 22 Table 4.1 : Summary of Important Features of the Project Districts ...... 25 Table 4.2 : Monthly Rainfall data (mm) in the project districts for the last six years ...... 28 Table 4.3 :Ambient Air Quality Along the project section (24 Hourly) ...... 29 Table 4.4 : Noise Level in dB (A) Along the Project Corridor ...... 29 Table 4.5 : Physiochemical Characteristics of soil in the project road ...... 31 Table 4.6 : Land Use Pattern in the State ...... 32 Table 4.7 : Chainage wise land use along the project road...... 33 Table 4.8 : Groundwater Quality Along the Project Corridor ...... 34 Table 4.9 : List of Surface Water Sources Along/Across Project Corridor ...... 35 Table 4.10 : Surface Water Quality in Project Area ...... 36 Table 4.11 : List of Plant Species found in the Study Area ...... 38 Table 4.12 : List of Fauna in the Study Area ...... 41 Table 4.13 : List of Reptiles in the Study Area ...... 41 Table 4.14 : List of Butterflies found in the study area ...... 41 Table 4.15 : List of Avifauna found in the Study Area ...... 42 Table 4.16 : Trees Along Project Road (within 20m width) ...... 43 Table 4.17 : Demographic Profile of the State and the country ...... 48 Table 4.18 : List of villages in the project road ...... 48 Table 5.1 : List of Noise- Sensitive Locations along the Alignment ...... 53 Table 5.2 List of Trees to be Cut ...... 61 Table 5.3 : List of Common Property Resources Along the Alignment ...... 73 Table 6.1 : Summary of Consultation held with various Government Departments ...... 76 Table 6.2 : Summary of Consultation with NGOs ...... 77 Table 6.3 : Consultation with local community ...... 79 Table 7.1 : Roles and Duties of Implementing Agency/Organisations ...... 83 Table 7.2 : Combined Training Budget for MPSRP II ...... 86

List of Figures Figure 2.1 : Environmental Clearance Procedure in ...... 8 Figure 2.2 : Legislative Interface among various regulatory bodies ...... 9 Figure 3.1 : Location Map of SH-51 ...... 10 Figure 3.2 : Connectivity to the project Road ...... 11 Figure 3.3 : Typical Cross section of the project Road ...... 17 Figure 4.1 : Isohyetal map of Madhya Pradesh ...... 27 Figure 4.2 : Hazard and Seismic Zoning Map ...... 32 Figure 4.3 : Drainage map of the project road SH-51 ...... 35 Figure 4.4 : Forest Cover Map of Madhya Pradesh ...... 37 Figure 4.5 : National Parks and Sanctuaries in Madhya pradesh ...... 40 Figure 4.6 : Demographic Status of the Project Section ...... 49 Figure 4.7 Literacy Rate Along the Project Section ...... 49 Figure 4.8 : Occupational status Along the Alignment ...... 50 Figure 7.1 : Proposed Structure for EMP/EMOP Implementation ...... 85

List of Appendix Appendix3.1 : Inventory and Survey Condition of Bridges ...... 92 Appendix3.2 : Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist ...... 93 Appendix3.3 : Details of Chainage-wise Existing and Proposed Design Speed and Curve Radius ...... 97

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Appendix 4.1 : National Ambient Air Quality Standards ...... 98 Appendix 4.2 : Ambient Noise Level Limits (In Leq dB(A)), India ...... 99 Appendix 4.3 : Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS: IS: 10500, 1991) ...... 100 Appendix 4.4 : Water Quality Criteria And Standards for Freshwater Classification (CPCB, 1979) ...... 103 APPENDIX 5.1: Guidelines for Borrow Areas Management ...... 104 Appendix 7.1: Environmental Management Plan (SH-51: Pachor-Chapikheda-Zirapur- Machalpur-Soyat 86.707 km) ...... 108 Appendix 7.2: Monitoring Plan for the Performance Indicators ...... 130

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Map 1: Location Map of MP State Highways Project

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Map 2: Location Map of SH-51: Pachor-Chapikheda-Zirapur-Machalpur Project vii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction 1. Madhya Pradesh, with abundant mineral resources, and growing agricultural and industrial pr oduction, n eed a w ell dev eloped r oad ne twork to cater to the increasing intra-state and regional traffic. Also, since it is centrally located within the country, most of the long haul north-south and east-west bound road traffic passes through the state. Therefore, the existing inadequate and damaged road infrastructure needs to be improved on priority to sustain the economic and social progress of the state. The improved road network with good interlinking between national, s tate hi ghways and major di strict roads w ill not onl y c ontribute i n significantly developing rural economy and r educing poverty but also increase the road capacity to cater the high projected traffic, reduce travel time and al so contribute for lesser vehicular pollution emission. 2. Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), the executing agency (EA), is responsible to provide an integrated transport system in the state that i s safe, e fficient, affordable, ac cessible t o al l and environmentally sustainable. As per its mandate, MPRDC plans to improve various major district roads t o at l east two l anes c arriage way l evel with funding s upport from A sian Development Bank (ADB). 3. To addr ess t his p roblem, Government o f M adhya P radesh ( GOMP) has approached ADB for financial assistance for improving a total of 15 state roads covering a length of about 1081 kms under Madhya Pradesh State Highways III P roject (MPSRSP III) programmed to be p rocessed for i mplementation i n 2010.The project also includes the institutional strengthening of the road sector under s eparate TA 7198(IND) which will enhan ce E A’s c apacity f or r oad as set development and management.

Description of Project 4. The proposed up grading/rehabilitation of t he S tate Highway-51: Pachor- Chapikheda-Zirapur-Machalpur-Soyat Sub-project, one of the 15 state highway subprojects, i s di vided i nto t wo sections, t he Pachor-Machalpur section i n c overing 65.7 kms, pasing t hrough R ajasthan border ( 12.2 km) and ending at Goghatpur-Soyat section covering 8.7 kms. The subproject will upgrade the existing bad to very bad r oad condition into a pav ed 2-lane divided carriageway c onfiguration w ith i mproved r oad geometry, pr oper and ad equate embankment, r ehabilitation o f ex isting br idges, ade quate c ross d rainage structures and side drains, improvement of junctions/intersections, underpasses, and way side amenities. This road design will be adequate to cater to the volume of traffic until 2030 which is predicted to increase from the current range of 1470- 4689 to 3888-30097 vehicles (average annual daily traffic). The sub-project will be implemented in 18-24 months with an estimated cost of INR 1260 Million. 5. The sub-project was classified as Category-B as provided in the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) based on screening of likely impacts and sub-project location which does not pass through or located near any national park, wildlife sanctuary, o r any ot her ec ologically s ensitive or pr otected areas. N o

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archaeological/protected m onument i s l ocated i n t he pr oject v icinity. U nder t he EIA Notification, 2006 promulgated under Environment (Protection) Act 1986, the subproject is categorised as Category ‘B” and does not require prior environmental clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA)1. 6. IEE w as c onducted bas ed on Detailed Project R eport and s ub-project det ails provided by the design team during the preparation of this report. The IEE covers all ac tivities pr oposed unde r t he pr oject i ncluding v arious b ridges and c ross- drainage structures constructions. The core zone of impact is taken as 100 meters ei ther s ide o f t he al ignment. H owever, t he s tudy ar ea i mpact z one i s considered up to 7 km on bot h sides o f r oad alignment t o al low f or a l arger analysis of landuse and other environmental features.

Description of Environment 7. The S ub-Project pa sses t hrough t he di stricts – and R ajgarh. The climate of both the districts is characterized by hot summer and general dryness except dur ing t he s outh w est m onsoon s eason. T he maximum t emperature

during the month of May is 39.9 °C and 42.4°C with minimum during the month of January 9.6 °C and 11.3 °C in S hajapur and Rajgarh respectively. During the south- west monsoon season the relative humidity generally exceeds 88% (July / August month). The maximum and minimum wind velocity is observed to be 27.0 km / hr. and 7.1 km/hr during the month of November. 8. The ambient air quality levels conform to t he pr escribed N ational A mbient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) with concentrations of SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx ranging from 73.5 to 195.8 µg/m3, 26.7 to 87.5 µg/m3, 5.4 to 13.6 µg/m3 and 4.2 to 12.7 µg/m3 respectively in the project area. The noise levels are also within the prescribed limits. 9. The topography of the project road section is mixed type. The project road alignment traverses through plain terrain throughout except at two locations near Kushikhedi and Zi rapur, where rolling terrain is found. The soil samples reveals that the dominant soil type is sandy clay loam with good organic content. 10. The p redominant land us e o f t he o f the project di stricts i s a gricultural. Landuse/land c over o f t he p roposed sub-project c orridor i s p redominantly agricultural ( nearly 48% ) followed b y For ests ( 28%). B uilt-up A rea c onstitutes about less than 10% and rest is occupied for plantation, water bodies, community property resources, and miscellaneous use. 11. The project area is draining by few rivers like Kali sindh, Newaj and Kadal River and other small streams cross the project road. The and Kadal river i s f ound to be pe rennial on obs ervation. The s urface w ater s ample taken from K alisindh and K adal R iver has been found s uitable for Irrigation- Class D and propagation of wild life and fisheries -Class-E. The ground water availability along t he p roject road ar ea i s poor . However, t he quality c onforms t o t he prescribed standards for drinking water.

1 The EA has yet to formally approach MoEF for formal categorisation and grant of environmental clearance.

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12. There are no wildlife-sanctuaries and nat ional park near the project area. Since most pa rt o f the project c orridor pas ses through open ag ricultural l and, l arge number of roadside trees is not affected considering to the length of the project road. Trees al ong r oadside ar e m ainly non -fruit bear ing i n nat ure whereas privately owned orchards are mostly comprised of fruit bearing trees. The major species obs erved ar e Mango, t eak, neem , jamun, pal as, s aja, s easam, mahua etc. During t he survey l angur and macaque were s ighted i n different l ocations. The existence of fauna like jackals, foxes, hare, and macaque was also reported. 13. Despite abundant water bodies in the project area, large scale/organized fishing was not observed along the project road due their seasonal behaviour. There is no breeding or spawning ground of these species in any of the water bodies in the project area since the water av ailability and flow velocity is quite low and unfavourable for breeding. No migratory fishes are found in these rivers. 14. The ec onomy o f M adhya P radesh is bas ed on agr iculture, forest p roducts, industries, mineral resources, and cottage industry sectors. The agriculture along the project section is dominated by Oilseed (Soyabeen in particular). The state is one of the largest producers of cement in the country. The major industries in the state are- cement, Pig Iron, Steel Ingots, News Prints and S ugar mills. The total number o f hous eholds i n t he v illages o f the p roject r oad i s 8860 and the to tal population is 51616. Out of these, about 81% is general while SC/ST population accounts for about 19% of the total population. The project road passing through three districts of Madhya Pradesh covering 15 villages have total literacy rate of 55%. The population of literate male (63.2%) is comparatively higher than female (36.7%). Tribal popul ation i n t he pr oject ar ea i s very lo w ( <2% i n t he pr oject area).

Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 15. All p re-construction, c onstruction, and ope ration ac tivities t hat w ere l ikely t o cause env ironmental impacts were i dentified, and ev aluated t o as sess t heir magnitude, dur ation, and po tential r eceptors i n c onsultation w ith t he stakeholders. C onsultations w ere m ade w ith t he g overnment representatives (District Forest Office, State Pollution Control Board, Water Resources Department, D irectorate of E conomics and S tatistics, and t he D istrict R ural Development Authority), local communities ( and Goghatpur), and NGOs ( Yuwa Paryavaran Shikshan and Samajik Sansthan, Ecosake Society for Environment C onservation and S ocial A wareness, G reen H eart N ature C lub, Forum f or Environmental Protection, Energy Environment and Development Group, C entre for E nvirocare and E nergy T echnology) bet ween April to J une 2010.

Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 16. The s ignificant i mpacts dur ing des ign and c onstruction s tage i nclude t he constricted sections of the roads which will be by-passed or require road alignment i mprovement to avoid and m inimize r esettlement and ot her sensitive structures and l ocations par ticularly i n Khujner ( 14.550), C hapikheda ( 36.650), Zirapur (54.800), Goghatpur (9.500). Since the sub-project area is having mixed terrain, flood s ituation m ay g et ex acerbated d ue t o i nadequate c ross drainage

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structures and r aising o f em bankments w ithout pr oper bal ancing c ulverts. A n estimated 331 trees will be removed along the ROW to allow for road expansion but will be compensated at a rate of 1:10 plantations. Short-term deterioration of air q uality m ay t ake place due t o increase in fugitive dust emissions and noise level from earthmoving, ground shaping, unpaved transport, and emissions from heavy equipment and other mobile sources. Water sprinkling to control dust, use of c lean f uels, c hanging t he l ocation and t iming of c onstruction ac tivities and maintenance of equipments will minimize these impacts. Land use conversion particularly of residential areas and relocation of structures within the ROW will only be i mplemented f ollowing a m eaningful c onsultation and ac ceptable compensation and r elocation agr eements. A ll bor row ar eas w ill c omply with national laws and regulations. Impacts from the establishment and operation of the construction camps like generation and disposal of solid wastes, sewage, potable water requirements, health/hygiene, and safety is part of the contractor’s responsibility hi ghlighting the need for c ompliance w ith appl icable l aws. Waste and material use minimization will be promoted to decrease the volume of wastes that w ill be g enerated. Traffic safety to workers and pedestrian, par ticularly to children is considered through the strict implementation of a Traffic Control Plan to be pr epared by t he c ontractor p rior t o construction ac tivities and i n consultation with the affected communities. 17. During operation stage, the main impacts are on the surface water hydrology since the construction of a road crosses several river/rivulets in the flood-affected sections which can ac t as i mpediment t o na tural flow of w ater. O ther i ssues relate to i ncrease i n m obile em issions, r oad s afety t o motorist, pedes trian and animals. To minimize the impact on the local hydrology, adequate cross drains and their proper maintenance will be implemented. Information and education campaign t hrough the u se o f s igns and pos ters di stributed al ong the roadside encouraging m otorist t o pr operly m aintain their v ehicles, and pr oper driving habits to reduce emissions, reduce fuel consumption, and promote safety will be made. Fi nally, t raffic c ontrol m easures will be implemented t o ens ure safety t o pedestrian.

Conclusion 18. In general, t he s ub-project r eceived i mmense support from l ocal peo ple with some concerns and apprehensions related to compensation for land and safety on r oads. The l ocal pe ople appr eciated that b esides pr oviding an al l w eather efficient connectivity to large population and i mproving the traffic scenario in the region, it will bear out several other positive economic and s ocial benefits which outweigh the negative environmental impacts. 19. This i nitial env ironmental ex amination ( IEE) as certains that the s ub-project i s unlikely t o c ause any significant env ironmental i mpacts. Few impacts w ere identified attributable to the proposed sub-project, all of which are localized and temporary in nature and can be easily mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage.

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Project Background/Rationale 20. Madhya P radesh, w ith abundant m ineral r esources, and gr owing agricultural and industrial production, need a well developed road network to cater to the increasing intra-state and regional traffic. Also, since it is centrally located within the country, most of the long haul north-south and east-west bound r oad traffic passes through t he s tate. Therefore, t he existing i nadequate an d dam aged r oad i nfrastructure needs to be improved on pr iority t o sustain t he economic and social pr ogress of t he state. The improved road network with good interlinking between national, state highways and m ajor district roads will not only contribute in significantly developing r ural ec onomy and reducing poverty but also increase the road capacity to cater the high projected traffic, reduce travel time and also contribute for lesser vehicular pollution emission. 21. Madhya P radesh R oad D evelopment C orporation ( MPRDC), th e executing agency (EA), is responsible to provide an integrated transport system in the state that is safe, efficient, affordable, accessible to all and environmentally sustainable. As per its mandate, MPRDC plans to improve various m ajor district r oads t o at l east t wo l anes carriage w ay level with funding support from Asian Development Bank (ADB). 22. Government o f M adhya P radesh ( GOMP) has appr oached A DB f or financial as sistance for improving a t otal o f 15 state r oads c overing a length o f about 1081 k ms under Madhya P radesh State H ighways I II Project (MPSRSP III) programmed to be processed for implementation in 2010. The road sections details under MPSRSP III are given in Table 1.1

Table 1.1 : Road Sections under MP State Highways III Project

S. Road SH Length Districts Name of Roads No. No. No. (KM) I. BHOPAL PACKAGE 1 1 Bhind-Ater-Porsa SH-2 60.85 Bhind –Morena Mihona-Lahar-Daboh-Bhander- 2 2 SH-45 85.70 Bhind-Datia Chirgaon Shivpuri - Pichhore-Chanderi-Mungawali-Onder- 3 3 SH-19 146.50 Ashoknagar- 4 7 Manawar-Mangod SH-38 49.63 Dhar 5 9 Sardarpur-Rajgarh-Bagh SH-35 50.43 Dhar Shajapur- 6 10 Agar-Barod--Jawara SH-41 108.70 -- Pachor-Chapikheda--Machalpur- Rajgarh- 7 11 SH-51 86.70 Soyat Shajapur 8 13 Badi-Baktar-Dobi-Shahganj- SH-15 58.78 - 2

S. Road SH Length Districts Name of Roads No. No. No. (KM) 9 14 Silwani- Road SH-44 28.58 Raisen Total (Bhopal Pkg) 675.87 II. PACKAGE 10 16 Rahatgarh-Khurai-Khimlasa SH-42 47.48 Sagar Damoh-Hata-Gasiabad i/c Hata Town 11 18 SH-47 62.66 Damoh Portion Hata-Patera-Kumhari & Raipura- Damoh-Panna- 12 19 SH-48 91.28 Salaiya-Bahuribandh-Sihora Katni-Jabalpur 13 20A Amarpatan-Gorsari-Badera SH-13 46.50 Satna-Katni Sundara-Singhpur-Kothi-Jaitwara- Panna-Satna- 14 21 SH-52 85.29 -Semaria Rewa 15 22 Sidhi-Beohari SH-55 71.29 Sidhi-Shahdol Total (Jabalpur Pkg) 404.49 Grand Total (Bhopal Pkg + Jabalpur 1,080.36 Pkg) Source: MPRDC

1.2. Project P reparatory Technical Assistance ( PPTA) and Environmental Assessment 23. ADB has fielded TA: 7198 IND to assist MPRDC Road Construction Department ( RCD) in pr oject preparation f or possible f inancing o f MPSRSP III. As a part of this TA and safeguard requirement of ADB, environmental assessment has been carried out in accordance with relevant country’s applicable laws, regulations and in consistent to ADB’s Environmental A ssessment Guidelines, 2003 and S afeguard P olicy Statement (SPS), 2009. Each sub-project was scrutinized as to its type, location, s cale, and s ensitivity and the m agnitude of i ts pot ential environmental impacts. 24. The present report pertains to Pachor-Chapikheda-Zirapur-Machalpur- Soyat (SH-19) sub-project. This sub project is categorized as Category ‘B’ and henc e an initial env ironmental exam ination ( IEE) has been undretaken. 1.3. Purpose of the Study 25. This IEE report documents the environmental assessment of the Pachor- Chapikheda-Zirapur-Machalpur-Soyat Road Subproject and identifies the environmental i ssues t o be c onsidered at pr oject pl anning and design stage. The IEE addresses the environmental management requirements of ( i) t he G overnment of I ndia ( GOI); ( ii) t he donor, A sian D evelopment Bank (ADB), and (iii) the Project. In general, an IEE addresses the following:

o Provides i nformation about t he bas eline env ironmental s etting of t he subproject; 3

o Provides information on potential environmental impacts of the proposed subproject activities with its magnitude, distribution and duration o Provides i nformation o n required mitigation m easures with c ost to minimize the impacts o Analyses the al ternatives opt ions considering al ternative l ocations, designs, management approaches, for selection of most feasible and environmental acceptable options. o Provides details of stack holders consultation o Suggest environmental m anagement an d monitoring pl an with institutional measures for effective implementation of mitigative measures proposed. 1.4. Extent of IEE 26. IEE was conducted based on Detailed Project Report (DPR) provided by the design team during the preparation of this report. Certain changes may oc cur in the sub-project structural components but t hese c hanges are unl ikely t o cause significant environmental impacts. The IEE c overs all ac tivities pr oposed u nder t he pr oject i ncluding v arious br idges and cross-drainage structures constructions. The core zone of impact is taken as 100 meters ei ther s ide o f the al ignment. H owever, t he study ar ea i s considered up to 7 km on either side of road alignment for larger analysis of landuse and ot her environmental f eatures. Assessment is carried out for al l c omponents o f env ironment c overing t errestrial and aq uatic ecology, soil, water, noise and socio economic aspects. 1.5. IEE Content 27. The IEE has been largely structured as per SPS , 2009 and A DB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines ( 2003). This i ncludes f ollowing eight chapters including this introduction Chapter. • Chapter 1- Introduction • Chapter 2- Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework • Chapter 3- Description of Project • Chapter 4- Description of Environment • Chapter 5- Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures • Chapter 6- Information Disclosure, Consultation, and Participation • Chapter 7 - Environment Management Plan and Grievance Redress Mechanism • Chapter 8- Conclusion and Recommendation 1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements 28. The environmental assessment has been carried out by the team of the environmental Experts of EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. The environmental team acknowledges the support extended by the executing agency, design consultant, and state departments/agency of forest, water resources, and pollution control Board etc. 1.7. Methodology 29. Suitable methodology was adopted to accomplish the study. As the first step, project-scoping exercise was undertaken identifying the parameters

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needed t o be c onsidered for t he s tudy and t o outline t he ac tivities f or collecting dat a on ea ch par ameter. D ata pe rtaining t o al l facets o f environment viz. physical, ecological and socio-economic environment both through pr imary and s econdary s ources w ere c ollected. The stepwise activities includes: • Review of legal requirements • Review of feasibility study • Reconnaissance s urvey f or i dentification o f k ey i ssues da ta requirement and preliminary consultation. • Primary and Secondary data Collection • Consultation with stakeholders • Identification of Impacts and Mitigation measures • Institutional Review and finalization of EMP in consultation with EA. 1.7.1. Information/ data Sources Key relevant information sources has been summarised in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2 : Primary and Secondary Information Sources

Environmental Parameters Information Sources Project o bjectives, Technical Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation information on existing r oad (MPRDC) and Design Consultant features and pr oposed rehabilitation work Inventory of r oad features l ike Ground P hysical s urveys and S trip P lans b y water B odies, C ommunity Design Consultant structures, env ironmentally sensitive locations ar eas, congested locations etc. Climatic Condition India meteorological Department, DPR, primary data collection Geology, Seismicity, S oil and Central Ground Water Authority, State of Topography Environment r eport p ublished by SPCB, Government websites and primary data collection Land Use/ Land Cover Survey of I ndia ( SoI) T oposheet, O bservation during survey and Satellite Imagery Drainage Pattern Survey of India Toposheet, water resources, field observation and local people, GIS Based land use analysis Status of forest areas. Compensatory afforestation Divisional Forest Office, Rajgarh and Shajapur norms etc. Status of Fishing Activity District Fisheries offices and Local Fishermen Air quality Noise, Soil and Water Onsite monitoring and analysis of field samples Borrow Areas, Quarries and other Design c onsultant an d pu blic c onsultation d uring construction material source field visit River geo-morphology, hydrology, Water r esources depar tment, DPR and drainage, flood patterns, information from local people, field observations Socio-economic Environment Different Govt. agencies/civic bodies, Official websites maintained by state Govt., census of India 2001 and Public Consultation during the 5

Environmental Parameters Information Sources Field s urvey, through f igures c ollected f rom Directorate of Statistics. 1.7.2. Public Consultation 30. Extensive c onsultations w ere hel d with al l s takeholders’ v iz. l ocal and beneficiary population, govt. departments/agencies, fishermen, road users and N GOs w ith i ntent t o collect bas eline i nformation, for better understanding o f the pot ential i mpacts and appr eciate the perspectives/concerns of the stakeholders. Information thus gathered was used to integrate it in project design and formulating mitigation measures and environmental management plan.

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2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

2.1. Country’s Le gal Fr amework and R egulatory Requirements f or t he Project 31. The legal framework of the country consists of several acts, notifications, rules and regulations to protect environment and wildlife. Review of Indian legal system has been critically reviewed to identify its applicability to t he pr oject. A l ist of al l r equired c learances/ per missions r elated t o environment has been summarised in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 : Permissions/Clearances Required for the Sub- Project2

Concerned S.No. Clearances Acts/Rules/Notifications/Guidelines Responsibility Agency A. Pre-construction Stage Environmental EIA N otification, 20 06 amended t ill State Not applicable Clearance3 date, promulgated under Environment Environmental for this (Protection) Act 1986 Impact particular road (not required Assessment stretch as it is 1 for this Sub- Authority an expansion Project) (SEIAA)4. of existing road and no new by- passes are to be constructed Permission for Forest Conservation Act (1980) District Level felling of trees Procedural G uidelines de veloped b y Committee the Department of Environment GoMP, constituted b y 2 MPRDC under t he or ders of t he H on’ble H igh the State Court; T ree r emoval will b e gui ded as Govt. per state government rules.

2 Since this pr oject i s not pas sing t hrough any pr otected ar eas or ground water aut hority not ified areas, therefore t he following list of laws will not be applicable to this project. a. Central Ground Water Authority b. Wildlife (Protection) Act 2002 and rules thereof c. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remain Act 1958/Rules 1959

3 This P articular clearance i s appl icable to al l new road projects as mentioned underneath. However f or t his road stretch as i t i s expansion of existing r oad and n o bypasses are being c onstructed so t his cl earance is n ot applicable. The N otification and its l atest amendment entails r equirement of pr ior env ironmental clearance t o t he f ollowing r oad projects. Category A -i) New National High ways; and ii) Expansion of National High ways greater than 30 km, involving additional right of way greater than 20m involving land acquisition and passing through more than one State. Category B-ii) All State High ways; and ii) Expansion projects in hilly terrain (above 100 m mean seal level (msl) and or ecologically sensitive areas)

Note: A general condition applies to both of the above category: “Any project or activity specified in Category ‘B’ will be treated as Category A, if located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of: (i) Protected Areas notified under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, (ii) Critically Polluted areas as notified by the Central Pollution Control Board from time to time, (iii) Notified Eco-sensitive areas, (iv) inter-State boundaries and international boundaries”. 4 The SEIAA has varying opinion about its applicability. EA propose to take official confirmation about applicability of this notification. EA will obtain the environmental clearance in case SEIAA directs about the same. 7

Concerned S.No. Clearances Acts/Rules/Notifications/Guidelines Responsibility Agency B. Implementation Stage River Board Authorities/ Permission f or Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Department of 3 Sand Mining Development) A ct, 195 7 a s a mended Contractor Mining Govt. from river bed in 1972 of Madhya Pradesh Consent to Madhya operate Hot mix Air ( Prevention a nd Control of Pradesh 4 Contractor plant, Crushers, Pollution) Act 1981 Pollution Batching Plant Control Board Authorization Madhya for Disposal of Hazardous Waste (Management and Pradesh 5 Contractor Hazardous Handling) Rules 1989 Pollution Waste Control Board Consent f or Madhya Disposal of Water ( Prevention a nd C ontrol of Pradesh 6 Contractor Sewage from Pollution) Act 1974 Pollution Labour camps Control Board Use of F ly as h within 1 00 k ms Fly Ash Notification, 1999 as amended 7 MoEF Contractor around Thermal up to 17th August 2003: Power plants. Department of Pollution U nder Transport, 8 Control Central Motor and Vehicle Act 1988 Govt. of Contractor Certificate Madhya Pradesh The B uilding a nd O ther C onstruction Employing District Labour 9 Workers ( Regulation of E mployment Contractor Labour/workers Commissioner and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996,

2.2. Environmental Clearance Process 32. The environmental c learance i s not appl icable for t his s ub-project s ince expansion is confined along the existing road corridor with no new bypass. However, the procedure for obtaining environmental clearance has been depicted as Figure 2.1 for reference purposes only.

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Figure 2.1 : Environmental Clearance Procedure in India 2.3. Administrative Structure and the Interactive framework 9

33. The Government through specific legislations regulates the environmental management system in India. The MoEF and the pollution control boards (CPCB i.e. Central Pollution Control Board and SPCBs i.e. State Pollution Control Boards) t ogether f orm t he regulatory an d adm inistrative c ore o f the par t. Other Ministries/Statutory B odies/departments responsible for ensuring environmental compliance and g ranting v arious c learances includes S tate m inistry / Dept. o f env ironment, r egional o ffices o f M oEF and state forests/wildlife departments. Their key roles and responsibilities and interface among them have been concisely depicted through the flow diagram in Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.2 : Legislative Interface among various regulatory bodies

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3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3.1. Project Location 34. The sub project road section (Pachor – Chapikheda – Zirapur - Machalpur road) is a part of SH -51 measuring 86.7km in length and located in Rajgarh and Shajapur districts of Madhya Pradesh State. The Location map of project road is given as Figure 3.1 . The project road holds strategic importance as both districts shares interstate boundary with State. The project road also provides a vital connect ivity with National Highways and State Highways like NH -3 and SH -27. (Refer Figure 3.2 for schematic view))

Figure 3.1 : Location Map of SH-51 11

Figure 3.2 : Connectivity to the project Road 3.2. Characteristics of the Existing road

35. Right o f W ay and car riage way width: The e xisting c arriageway i s a single or i ntermediate-lane r oad hav ing flexible pav ement, w ith w idths varying between 3.00 m to 3.75 m along the entire length of project road except at one or two locations like Zirapur and Machalpur where width is provided 7.0 to 10.0 m. The existing road has earthen shoulder of about 1.0 m on either s ides o f t he pr oject r oad. R OW av ailable f or t he ent ire project road is around 10m on either sides from road centre line except in built up areas and forest sections where it is noted as low as 10m. Chainage-wise carriageway widths are provided in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 : Carriageway Details Chainage Carriageway Remarks Shoulder Shoulder Start End Width Type Width Pachor - Machalpur Road

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Chainage Carriageway Remarks Shoulder Shoulder Start End Width Type Width 3/350 27/300 3.00 BT (Black Top) HS (Hard 1.10 Shoulder) 27/300 27/600 7.00 BT HS 1.10 27/600 41/300 3.00 BT HS 1.10 41/300 41/500 7.00 BT HS 1.10 41/500 51/000 3.00 BT HS 1.00 51/000 55/700 3.75 BT HS 1.10 55/700 56/500 10.00 BT HS 1.00 56/500 56/800 3.00 BT HS 1.00 56/800 59/600 3.60 BT HS 1.00 59/600 60/900 3.00 BT HS 1.00 60/900 62/000 3.50 BT HS 1.00 62/000 63/500 3.75 BT HS 1.00 63/500 63/600 10.00 BT HS 1.00 63/600 64/100 7.00 WBM (Water HS 1.00 Bound Mecadam) 64/100 65/000 3.50 BT HS 1.00 65/000 67/600 7.00 WBM - - 67/600 68/700 10.00 WBM - - 68/700 69/800 3.00 BT HS 1.00 69/800 70/400 3.75 BT HS 1.00 Machalpur – Goghatpur (up to Rajasthan border) 1/000 12/100 3.75 BT HS 1.00 Goghatpur - Soyat Road 0/000 4/500 3.00 BT HS 1.00 4/500 5/000 7.00 BT HS 1.00 5/000 5/500 5.00 BT HS 1.00 5/500 6/200 7.00 BT - - 6/200 8/000 3.00 BT HS 1.00 8/000 8/757 5.00 WBM - - Source: DPR 36. Pavement and carriage way conditions: The pavement condition along the entire length of the road can generally be rated as poor. Riding quality is not good. Mostly cracking exists throughout the road except in jirapur town. Raveling and potholes are also exists almost for the entire length. At some places, subgrade failure has been noted and thus warranting immediate r econstruction. To c ater t he p rojected t raffic, r aising and reconstruction from G ranular S ub-Base l ayer i s pr oposed for the ent ire length of the project road except in Zirapur where overlay is proposed. 37. Alignment and G eometrics: There a re m any hor izontal c urves comprising very sharp turns which need to be improved to State highway standards. An average travel speed of 40km/hr could be m aintained due to sub standards geometry. There is no coherence between horizontal alignment and vertical profile. Set back distances are almost non- existent at curve locations; especially at sharp curves the provision is worse. 13

38. Cross Drainage (CD) Structures Drainage condition for the entire road is found to be poor to very poor. The existing road does not have proper provision of bot h s ide l ongitudinal dr ains. There ar e t wo m ajor b ridges, seventeen minor bridges, three causeways and seventy six culverts along the project r oad. List o f major and m inor br idges al ong w ith s urvey chainages and c onditions o f ex isting s tructures ar e appende d as” Inventory and Condition Survey for Bridges” in Appendix 3.1. 39. Terrain and Landuse: The pr oject r oad al ignment traverses t hrough plain t errain t hroughout t he pr oject r oad ex cept few locations w here rolling terrain is encountered. The abutting land along the project road is observed to be utilized mainly for agricultural purposes. At some locations habitation / built up area were encountered whereas in few section land is left bar ren. The r oad pas ses t hrough t hree i mportant t owns P achor, Khujner, Chapikheda, Zirapur and Machalpur and few villages. 40. Road I ntersections: There ar e 2 m ajor i ntersection and 48 m inor intersections sighted on the road. Almost all of these intersections are poor in geometrics and junction developments. The chainage-wise details of these intersections are given in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 : List of Major and Minor Intersections Existing S. Width Surface Type Chainage Major/Minor Link No. (m) Type L/R/Cross (Km\m) Pachor - Machalpur 1 3/350 Major Sarangpur-pachor 7.00-7.00 BT-BT Cross 2 5/980 Minor Guhakhedi 3.75 BT Right 3 6/800 Minor Susthaniya 2.6 ER Right 4 7/400 Minor Samli dhakad 3.75 BT Left 5 7/650 Minor Bhandavad-kadiayanala 3.75-2.60 BT-BT Cross 6 10/000 Minor Rayapuri - Dovali 2.60-3.75 ER-BT Cross 7 12/800 Minor Bablda 3.75 BT Left 8 14/850 Minor Khujner bypass start 3.00 BT Left 9 15/650 Minor To Panda 5.00 BT Left 10 16/106 Minor Khujner bypass end 3.75 BT Left 11 16/300 Minor Rajgarh bypass 3.75 BT Right 12 16/750 Minor Khujner 3.0 BT Right 13 18/700 Minor Patakya 3.75 BT Left 14 19/900 Minor Bakhed 3.0 BT Right 15 25/900 Minor Sonpurakheda 3.75 BT Left 16 27/050 Minor Sarangpur-Sandavat 3.00-3.00 BT-BT Cross 17 27/600 Minor Mundrakala-Dovali 3.75-2.60 BT-ER Cross 18 30/220 Minor Kakariya 3.0 ER Right 19 36/640 Minor Nanar 4.25 BT Right 20 31/230 Minor Daliyapur 2.6 WBM Right 21 34/800 Minor Gugakheda 3.75 BT Right 22 36/500 Minor 3.75 BT Right 23 36/510 Minor Natara 3.75 BT Right

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Existing S. Width Surface Type Chainage Major/Minor Link No. (m) Type L/R/Cross (Km\m) 24 36/800 Minor Nanar 3.75 BT Right 25 36/920 Minor Kankaria 3.75 BT Left 26 36/970 Minor Chhapiheda 4.0 BR Right 27 37/030 Minor Chhapiheda 4.0 BT Right 28 37/200 Minor khujuri 3.5 BT Left 29 37/800 Minor Kaneli 3.3 BT Left 30 41/850 Minor Ramnagar 3.75 BT Left 31 45/600 Minor zadmau 3.75 BT Left 32 47/500 Minor Khejadia-upaheada 3.75-3.75 BT - BT Cross 33 49/200 Minor Jamoliya 3.75 BT Right 34 52/100 Minor Kasikhedi 3.75 BT Right 35 52/200 Minor Kasikhedi 3.75 BT Right 36 54/200 Minor Batavda 3.75 BT Left 37 55/676 Minor Khilchipur 5.42 BT Right 38 55/900 Minor Banpur 7.0 BT Right 39 56/500 Minor 5.0 BT Left 40 56/800 Minor Kharapa 3.0 BT Left 41 60/400 Minor Matkhedi - Chilavat 3.50-2.60 ER-ER Cross 42 64/380 Minor Amalabey 3.0 BT Left 43 65/000 Minor Lakhoni 3.0 BT Right 44 68/700 Minor Lasudiya 3.75 BT Left 45 68/800 Minor Ramgarh 3.0 BT Right 46 69/480 Minor Lamvoda 3.75 BT Left 47 69/600 Minor Pipliya kalni 3.75 CC Right Machalpur - Rajasthan border 48 4/400 Minor Bhagara 3.75 BT Left Goghatpur - Soyat 49 10/120 Minor Soyat- 3.0 BT Left 50 0/000 Major -kota 7.00-7.00 BT-BT Cross Note: BT – Black Top, CC-Cement Concrete, WBM – Water Bound Macadam ER – Earthen Road 3.3. Category of the Project

41. The sub-project has been evaluated using the Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist issued by ADB (Apendix-3.2) for Roads and Highways of the ADB‘s Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003. The sub-project road neither passes through nor is located near any Wildlife Sanctuary, N ational P ark, or any ot her env ironmentally s ensitive or ecologically or ar cheologically pr otected a reas. The env ironmental impacts env isaged ar e minimal and m ajority ar e c o-terminus w ith t he construction phas e. H ence, t he pr oject has been c lassified as C ategory “B” in accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009. 3.4. Need for the Sub-Project

42. The main aim of developing this State highway is to provide connectivity to the selected townships with other major social and commercial centres 15

within the districts as well in the other parts of the state. The sub project road Pachor – Chapikheda – Zirapur - Machalpur road section serves as a l ink c onnecting R ajgarh and S hajapur Districts. T he improvement o f roads infrastructure in the region will enhance the tourism potential as well as w ill l ead t o i ncreased s ocio-economic ac tivities i n bot h t he districts. The s ub pr oject r oad w ill benef it more than 1. 25 m illion populations ( mainly r ural) by providing i mproved t ransport an d communication facilities which will contribute in accelerating the local economy. 43. The s ub pr oject r oad s erves as i mportant l ink for pr oviding c onnectivity between National H ighways and S tate H ighways l ike N H-3 and S H-27. The t raffic i ntensity at t his s ub pr oject r oad i s i ncreasing, nec essitating augmentation o f c apacity f or s afe and e fficient m ovement. The r oad condition is poor which reduces the average traffic speed and also results in hi gher fuel c onsumption and v ehicular pol lution. T herefore, improvement o f this s ubproject road i s pr oposed t o p rovide s afe movement of increasing traffic at higher travel speeds with reduced travel time, accidents, overloading, and vehicle emissions. 3.5. Existing and Projected Traffic 44. Existing Traffic Volume: 45. Average Daily Traffic (ADT) of project road is studies at various locations and i s pr esented i n t he Table 3. 3. The ADT for t he p roject road v aries from 1470 in terms of number of vehicles to 4689 number of vehicles and in terms of PCU it varies from 2332 to 5304. Highest traffic volume has been recorded near the CVC Location at Km 58/400 near Zirapur Village. Lowest traffic volume has recorded near the CVC Location at km 0/500 near Goghatpur Village.

Table 3.3 : ADT of Project Road S.No. Location Total Vehicles Total (PCUs) 1 Khujner Village (Km 14/000) 3161 4524 2 Jirapur (Km 58/400) 4689 5304 3 Gogatpur Village (Km 0/500) 1470 2332 Source: DPR 46. Projected Traffic: The maximum traffic is expected to vary from 14487 ADT ( 18799 P CU) at K hujner Village t o 30097 A DT a t Jirapur V illage (25910 PCU) by the year 2030. The above projection is based on the growth rates of 9.4% for Cars, 6.6 % for Buses, 5.8% for Goods Vehicles, 10.6% f or 2-wheeler a nd 7. 5% for Tractors which was der ived t hrough “IRC-108, Econometric Model” ) The summary of projected traffic for the year 2009 to 2030 is given at Table 3.4.

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Table 3.4 : Summary of Projected Traffic for the Project Road Project Road Year Year Year Year Year From To 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Near Khujner Village(14/000) Pachor Jirapur 3888 5378 7491 10439 14487 (5808) (7814) (10532) (14133) (18799) Near Zirapur Village (58/500) Jirapur Soyat 6054 9144 13741 20463 30097 (7024) (9819) (13668) (18899) (25910) Source: DPR; Note: Values in bracket indicate PCUs/day 47. The capacity of different carriageways is 6000, 15000 and 18000 PCUs per day for intermediate lane, 2 lane with earthen shoulders and 2 lane with Paved s houlders r espectively. A nalysing t he c apacity of D esign Service Volume of Carriage ways and the projected traffic, the sub project road requires two lanes with earthen shoulder by 2009-2011 and s ection II requires two lane with paved shoulder by 2022. 3.6. Key Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activities 48. The s ub project road rehabilitation i nvolves ac tivities l ike w idening, realignment, intersections improvement, correction in road geometry and raising the embankment height in at certain stretches of the road to meet the design norms defined for state highways under IRC codes. The brief of all key project activities are described below: 3.6.1. Realignment and Curvature Improvement: To avoid resettlement / rehabilitation and l and acquisition i ssues ex isting a lignment is followed with substandard geometry. There are many sharp curves in the existing road w hich need t o be i mproved t o dev elop a high-speed hi ghway. I n plain or rolling terrain, a minimum curve radius of 230 m is considered to achieve des ign s peed. Absolute m inimum radius o f 150 m i s us ed at location w ith s pace c onstraints ( e.g. u rban a reas, s tructure app roach & Forest Areas). These locations are tabulated in Appendix 3.3 3.6.2. Proposed Cross Section Details 49. Lane Width and Earthen Shoulder: I n order to m eet f uture traffic requirement the existing carriageway is proposed to be upg raded to Two Lane with Earthen Shoulder to achieve high speed of travel with comfort and safety. 7m wide carriageway is proposed with basic traffic lane width of 3.50 m. Earthen shoulders of 2.50 m wide is proposed on either side of the proposed main carriageway for rural plain and rolling terrains. 50. Footpath: The minimum width of footpath in urban stretches is proposed to be 1. 00 m. The s ide dr ain i n s uch s tretches may be ac commodated under the footpath. 51. Utility Corridor: Minimum width of utility corridor for rural sections will be 2.0 m and for urban/ built-up sections will be 1.00 m. 52. Side S lopes: The s ide s lopes ar e p roposed based on em bankment height and is as follows Embankment height up to 3.0 m - 2H: 1V 17

Embankment height from 3.0 m to 6.0 m - 1.5H: 1V Embankment height exceeding 6.0 m - To be des igned based on soil parameters. Cut slopes will be Soil - 1H: 1V 53. Cross f all : Carriageway will hav e c rossfall of 3 .0%. For ea rthen shoulders crossfall value will be 4.0%. Figure 3.3 shows the typical cross section to be followed on the project stretch.

Figure 3.3 : Typical Cross section of the project Road 3.6.3. Pavement Design and Widening : 54. Existing road will be widened to improve the capacity as well as horizontal geometrics. A c ombination o f ov erlay and new c onstruction w ill be followed for proposed improvements. At a number of places, the vertical profile will be changed to improve the vertical geometrics. This will require reconstruction after partial or full removal of the existing pavement, depending upon s ub-grade c ondition. I n ur ban ar eas c ement c oncrete pavement along with side drain is proposed. 55. Concentric w idening s cheme i s followed t o minimise l and ac quisition issues and to ensure maximum utilisation of existing carriageway. The improvement is proposed to the existing pavement to meet the design requirement o f 2 .5 m. I n specific s tretches where t he pav ement i s damaged / det eriorated s pecial t reatments, ar e pr oposed. The improvement pr oposal i ncludes ov erlay of B C=40mm, DBM=70mm, or raising and r econstruction with WMM, or r aising and r econstruction with GSB. A s the w hole r oad l ength i s bei ng r econstructed,the p roposed carriage way width is 7.000+ES over entire length. And wherever existing carriage way width is more than 7.000 m, paved shoulder is proposed.

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3.6.4. Improvement Proposal for Intersection 56. Improvement scheme in respect of each junction is prepared to smooth movement of traffic. The improvement proposal suggested include either left in left out approach or channelized intersection design. 3.6.5. Design of Road Side Drains 57. For a sound drainage system open lined drain and chute drains in RCC on hi ll s ide in m ountainous t errain and slopes of hi gh em bankment respectively and as r apids on hi gh cut s ections i s followed. T he construction of an underground dr ain 1 m x 1 m l ined with R CC-20 c m thick and covered with RCC slab10 cm in thickness is proposed at urban and semi-urban stretches. Details about the drainage are given in Table 3.5.

Table 3.5 : Cement Concrete Lined Drain S. No. Existing Chainage (km) Proposed Chainage (km) Length From To From To (m) 1 23/700 24/050 20/340 20/680 340 + 340 2 33/300 35/000 29/970 31/660 1690 + 1690 3 52/500 52/950 49/060 49/500 440 + 440 Source: DPR 3.6.6. Traffic Control and Safety Measures 58. In addition to adequate provisions for roadway width, geometric elements and j unction i mprovement, the following pr ovisions ar e pr oposed t o enhance the safety of road users. Due consideration has been made for the pr ovisions c ontained i n I RC: S P 44 -1994, “ Highway S afety C ode”. Also, various measures have been proposed to increase traffic control for the High-speed highway. 3.6.6.1 Crash Barrier : 59. Safety barrier of rigid, flexible or semi-rigid type are proposed at following locations. In general W-beam crash barrier is proposed.

♦ Non-traversable road side embankments ♦ Where embankment height is 3m or more ♦ Where embankment is retained by a retaining structure ♦ On valley sides of highway in hill sections ♦ Miscellaneous hazardous locations (like proximity to water structures, non-collapsible sign supports, buildings etc.) ♦ Between main carriageway and footpath in bridges The crash barrier locations are given in Table 3.7:

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Table 3.6 : Crash Barrier Location Proposed Chainage (m) Length(m) Proposed Chainage (m) Length(m) Left Side Right Side 31/080 31/110 30 7/595 7/625 30 67/660 67/700 40 49/720 49/745 25 68/370 68/460 90 51/065 51/080 15 68/530 68/580 50 52/065 52/105 40 73/070 73/085 15 72/560 72/585 25 73/560 73/655 95 73/065 73/085 20 74/655 74/775 120 73/590 73/685 95 75/720 75/750 30 74/480 74/500 20 4/728 4/758 30 74/655 74/785 130 4/940 4/970 30 4/728 4/758 30 5/680 5/720 40 4/940 4/970 30 5/867 5/897 30 5/867 5/897 30 5/997 6/027 30 5/997 6/027 30 Source: DPR 3.6.6.2 Road Signs 60. Adequate road signs are proposed for the project road in order to provide advance information t o r egulate/control t raffic f low and ens ure s afety o f operations. All road signs are provided in accordance with IRC 67. 61. Appropriate road markings are provided with stop signs, give-way signs, traffic merging and diverging signs, lane closure signs, compulsory keep left/right s igns or any other s igns as per I RC-67. A dvance c autionary signs are proposed for sharp curves along with chevron signs at the outer edge o f the c urves. In hilly ar eas, c urve-ahead s igns ar e ac companied with appropriate delineators. 62. The signs will be of retro reflective sheetings of high intensity grade with encapsulated lens and fixing details as per of MoRT&H Specifications for Road and Bridge Works, 2001(4th Revision, latest reprint) are proposed. 3.6.6.3 Pavement Markings 63. In pr oject road, pavement markings are proposed as per I RC: 35 -1997, “Code of Practice for Road Marking” with centre-line, edge line, continuity line, s top l ine, give w ay l ines, di agonal/chevron m arkings and z ebra crossings. The pav ement marking s hall be o f hot appl ied t hermoplastic paint w ith g lass beads as per the M ORT&H s pecification for R oad an d Bridge Works, 2001(4th Revision, latest reprint). 3.6.6.4 Lighting 64. The project road is proposed with lighting systems in urban stretches/built up areas as shown in Table 3.7.

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Table 3.7 : Lighting Sr. Existing Chainage (km) Proposed Chainage (km) Length No. From To From To (mt.) 1 23/700 24/050 20/340 20/680 340 2 33/300 35/000 29/970 31/660 1690 3 52/500 52/950 49/060 49/500 440 Source: DPR 3.6.7. User Facilities 3.6.7.1 Bus Stop 65. Bus s tops are p roposed at following l ocations as given bel ow i n Table 3.8. E xisting bus stops ar e p roposed t o be r etained. A ppropriate maintenance measures shall be made to keep it in working conditions.

Table 3.8 : Bus Stop Locations Sr. Proposed Chainage Side Village no. (Km) 1 2/661 LHS Kachanar 2 4/200 LHS BhandaVad 3 6/750 RHS Dovali 4 12/920 LHS Khujner 5 18/440 RHS Kalyakhedi 6 26/813 LHS Kakariya 7 33/700 LHS ChhaPiheda Village 8 42/300 LHS Jhadmau 9 44/000 LHS Khejadia 10 48/600 LHS Kashi Khedi 11 61/900 LHS Lakhoni Source: DPR

3.6.8. Slope Stabilisation and Protection Works 66. Erosion is proposed to be minimized largely by the use of flat side slopes, rounded and bl ended w ith nat ural t errain; s errated c ut s lopes; dr ainage channels des igned w ith due r egard to w idth, dept h, s lopes, al ignment, and pr otective t reatment; i nlets l ocated and spaced for e rosion c ontrol prevention of er osion at c ulvert out lets; pr oper facilities f or groundwater interception; dikes, berms, and o ther protective devices to trap sediment at strategic locations; and protective ground covers and planting. 67. High embankment will be site specifically designed considering the quality of the available material, prevalent moisture condition and associated pore water pressure, bearing capacity of the founding strata and the requirement of any preloading etc. Stone pitching is proposed at the locations mentioned in the Table 3.9. 68. Other s tabilisation m easures as C oncrete bl ock pitching and Launc hing apron i n C C bl ocks ar e pr oposed t o be adopt ed on c ase t o c ase bas is after thorough study of the problematic sites.

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Table 3.9 : Stone Pitching S. Proposed Chainage Length Side No. From To (mt.) Pachor – Machalpur – up to Rajasthan Border 1 7.600 7.620 20 Both Side 2 9.380 9.390 10 Both Side 3 22.180 22.190 10 Both Side 4 23.270 23.280 10 Both Side 5 26.230 26.240 10 Both Side 6 49.720 49.740 20 Both Side 7 51.070 51.080 10 Both Side 8 52.070 52.100 30 Both Side 9 67.660 67.700 40 Both Side 10 68.370 68.460 90 Both Side 11 68.530 68.580 50 Both Side 12 72.560 72.580 20 Both Side 13 72.710 72.720 10 Both Side 14 73.070 73.080 10 Both Side 15 73.560 73.680 120 Both Side 16 74.480 74.500 20 Both Side 17 74.660 74.780 120 Both Side 18 75.710 75.720 10 Both Side Goghatpur – Soyat 19 4.470 4.480 10 Both Side 20 4.770 4.970 200 Both Side 21 5.680 5.720 40 Both Side 22 5.840 5.850 10 Both Side 23 5.880 6.040 160 Both Side 24 6.070 6.080 10 Both Side 25 6.620 6.630 10 Both Side 26 8.010 8.050 40 Both Side Source: DPR 3.6.9. Improvement Proposal for Bridges and Drainage Structure 69. There are two major bridges, seventeen minor bridges, three causeways and seventy six culverts along the project road. The project road crosses railway line at one l ocation at same grade level. The rehabilitation of the bridge i ncludes t he ac tivities l ike c hange of damaged handr ails, replacement o f de fective ex pansion j oints, r epairing o f m inor c racks, repairing of solid slab having signs of damage, cleaning by sand blasting of corroded steel reinforcement and addi tional reinforcement where necessary, strengthening and repairing with PMC of RCC solid slabs which s how hone ycombing, r emoval of ex isting w earing c oat and replacement with new wearing coat of 50 mm thick bituminous concrete after laying 12mm thick mastic asphalt, strengthening of approaches. 70. Water way/ ventway will be cleaned if vegetation growth is impeding the main water channel. The channel will be dredged if excessive siltation

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has blocked the w aterway. S pur, dy kes w ill be provided t o c hange t he water c ourse i f i t i s found t hat due t o t he flow di rection, ex cessive scouring is occurring near one of pier or abutment and it is in danger. 3.6.10. Improvement Proposal for Causeways 71. There is one causeway which is solid slab type. Almost all causeways get overtopped dur ing monsoon. H ence D ischarge p assing through v ent as well as ov ertopping par t i s c onsidered for r evised s tructure. Wherever possible additional pipes will be introduced by raising road level to economise cost. In typical cases wherever required box type structure is also proposed. 3.6.11. Improvement Proposal for Culverts 72. There are 63 culverts consisting of 48 pipe culverts and 15 slab culverts. The culverts are proposed to be w idened for carriage way width of 12m. The i mprovement proposal i ncludes dismantling and r ecasting o f head walls, ded r eplacement with pr oper des igns. M any of t he c ulverts hav e vegetation i n t he c hannels apar t from s ome s and m ounds c ausing vent way obstructions, which need clearing. Pipe diameter less than 0.9 m is to be replaced by 1.2m diameter pipe. The culverts which are completely damaged or distressed are proposed for reconstruction. The culvert retained and repaired as m entioned abov e w ill be w iden t o m atch w ith formation width of Road section. 3.6.12. Utilities and Services 73. Utilities and Services are seen only in the vicinity of towns, villages and roadside. All major utilities run adjacent to the road alignment. Electric and telephone lines almost follow the existing road alignment. T hese have to be relocated. 3.7. Material required and Sourcing 74. The various construction m aterials which will be required for t he pr oject road construction and other activities are listed below. • Borrow Soil • Aggregate • Granular material • Sand • Cement • Bitumen • Steel • Water 3.7.1. Borrow soil 75. Borrow Soil identified during survey for DPR study revealed that it can be used for road embankment as well as for Sub grade layer. The details of available source, location, average lead distance to the project road and approximate available quantity are given in Table 3.10.

Table 3.10 : List of Borrow Area 23

S. Chainage Section Side Type of Approximate Approximate No. Material distance from Quantity project road in (area) (M) 1 39/000 Pachor-Machalpur Right soil 50 100x120 m 2 47/500 Pachor-Machalpur Right soil 50 150x150 m 3 49/600 Pachor-Machalpur Right soil 40 50x50 m 4 50/500 Pachor-Machalpur Right soil 50 80x80 m 5 55/200 Pachor-Machalpur Left soil 40 100x80 m 6 4/500* Machalpur-Rajasthan Both soil 50 50x50 m Border 100x100 m 7 7/000* Machalpur-Rajasthan Both soil 50 100x100 m Border 75x75 m 8 8/000 Machalpur-Rajasthan Both soil 50 100x70 m Border 50x50 m Source: DPR 3.7.2. Aggregate 76. Aggregate stone is basic ingredient in road construction. Investigation of quarry ar ea w as c arried out f or D PR s tudy t o as certain t he pot ential source of aggregate for the construction of different pavement layers like Bituminous C oncrete (BC), D ense B ituminous M acadam ( DBM), Bituminous Macadam (BM), Wet Mix Macadam (WMM), Granular Sub- base, s and for c ement c oncrete w orks and G SB. There ar e two quarries/crushers are located the project road, one is S Stone Crusher at km 3/600 near Pachor and second one is at 53/600 near Machalpur. 3.7.3. Sand 77. Sand t o be us ed i n t he c oncrete w ork dur ing c onstruction i s av ailable near t he pr oject r oad a t t he R iver N ewaj which i s about 2 k m far from Pachor. 3.7.4. Cement 78. There ar e s o many factories of c ement manufacturing i n M adhya Pradesh. The cement can be procured from the open market. 3.7.5. Bitumen 79. Nearest source of bitumen is Mathura refinery, Uttar Pradesh and Koyali Refinery, Gujarat. B itumen o f V G-10 equivalent o f 80 -100 or V G-30 equivalent of 60-70 penetration grade from above mentioned Refinery, is proposed to be used for bituminous work.

3.7.6. Steel 80. There is numbers of steel rolling factories is situated in Madhya Pradesh, with v arious g rade o f s teel. T he s teel i s t o be pur chase from the open market.

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3.7.7. Water 81. Ground w ater and s urface w ater i n t he v icinity of t he pr oject r oad i s proposed t o use as a source o f w ater for c onstruction ac tivities. The approximate quantity of water required for construction activities in the project is 400 kL/day. 3.8. Project Implementation Schedule and Cost 82. The project is in the detailed design stage. The construction of widening of t he r oad to 2- lane r oad, will be i mplemented i n 18 -24 m onths. T he estimated cost of the project excluding R and R and EMP is estimated to be INR 1,26,08,44,166/-.

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4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 83. Baseline environmental c onditions about al l facets of env ironment v iz. physical, biological and socio-economic have been established using both primary and s econdary s ources. E fforts hav e been m ade t o c ollect t he latest information both at regional as well as local level especially along the pr oject corridor. T his w ill hel p to predict l ikely c hanges i n t he environment due to the project and will serve as performance indicators for various components. 84. The project road is a section of SH-51 (Pachor–Chapikheda–Zirapur- Machalpur road) measuring 86.707 Km in length and located in Rajgarh and S hajapur di stricts of M adhya Pradesh. A s ummary T able o f t he project district is given in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 : Summary of Important Features of the Project Districts S. Parameters Rajgarh Shajapur No. . Rajgarh is one of the smallest districts of M adhya P radesh, both i n terms of ar ea and population. Rajgarh district i s lying in the western part of Madhya P radesh and . Shajapur District is part of the occupies as area of 6,154 Plateau. Shajpur d istrict i s ly ing in sq km the north-western part of M adhya Pradesh and occupies as area of . The di strict is bo unded by 6,196 sq km. Rajasthan to the north and by the districts of Guna to the . The district is bounded by Ujjain northeast, Bhopal to the east, District to t he w est, and Sehore to the south, Rajgarh to the 1 General Sehore to the southeast, and Shajapur t o t he south and east, and D istrict of west. Rajasthan to the north.

. . Rajgarh D istrict ex tends The di strict ex tends between t he ° ° between t he par allels of latitude of 23 06’ and 77 19’ north, Latitude 2 3° 27' 12 " N orth longitude of 75° 41’ and 77° 02” east. and 24°17' 20" North and between t he m eridians of . It is located at an elevation of 453 m Longitude 76° 11' 15 " and above MSL 77° 14' East.

. Rajgarh district is 390 meters above the mean sea level. . Temperature g oes up t o . Temperature goes up to 39.9° C 42.4°C (max.) and min. 11.3° (max.) and min. 9.6° C 2 Climate C. . It receives a normal rainfall of . It receives a normal rainfall of 1047.9 mm of annually. 813.6 mm of annually. Ecologically Sensitive Area Wild Life Narsinghgarh Wild Life Sanctuary

Sanctuaries 3 National Parks None None Tiger Reserves None None Elephant Reserves None None

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Reserve/

Protected Forests Geomorphology Basically a part of the huge Physio-cultural diversities in the district Malwa plateau. have led to sub-divide it into the following sub-micro regions:- • Denudatiional Landforms 1. Major • Fluvial Landforms • Agar plateau Physiographic Units 4 • Malwa Plateau • Shajapur Forested Upland • Kali Sindh Basin • Kali Sindh Basin • Shajapur Upland The N ewaj R iver and P arbati Kali Sindh, Lakhundar Nevaj, Parbati 2. Major Drainage River flow through this district. River Chambal and Ganga basin.

Medium t o deep B lack soil and Black C otton s oil, l ateritic soil, al luvium 5 Major Soil Type mixed red and black soil. mixed silt + clay Soyabean is the major economic crop of 6 Principal Crops the district. Wheat and J awar is also major crop of this district. Deccan Trap Basalts (Upper Predominant Cretaceous t o L ower E ocene i n Recent al luvium, l aterite a nd D eccan 7 Geological age), overlain by variable traps Formations thickness of Alluvium of Recent origin. Alluvium weathered vesicular and Alluvium, l aterite, w eathered v esicular 8 Hydrogeology fractured basalts. and fractured basalts.

Source: District/Govt. Websites 4.2. Physical Environment 4.2.1. Meteorology and Climate 85. Madhya Pradesh has a subtropical climate characterized by hot summer season and dr yness ex cept s outhwest m onsoon s eason. Li ke most o f north India it has a hot dry summer (April-June) followed by monsoon rains ( July-September) and a c ool and r elatively dr y w inter ( December- February). The m aximum t emperature during summer s eason r anges from 33 to 44 ºC and 10 to 27 ºC during winter s eason. The average rainfall is about 1,370 mm which decreases from east to west. The south- eastern di stricts hav e t he heav iest r ainfall, s ome pl aces r eceiving a s much as 2,150 mm, while the western and north-western districts receive 1,000 mm or less. 27

Figure 4.1 : Isohyetal map of Madhya Pradesh 86. Climate: The Sub-Project passes through the districts – Shajapur and Rajgarh. The climate of both the districts is characterized by hot summer and general dryness except during the south west monsoon season. The year m ay be di vided i nto four s easons. The c old s eason, D ecember t o February is followed by the hot season from March to about the middle of June. The period from the middle of June to September is the south west monsoon season. October and November form the post monsoon or

transition period. The normal maximum temperature during the month of May is 39.9 °C and 42.4°C with minimum during the month of January 9.6 °C and 11.3 °C in Shajapur and Rajgarh respectively. During the south- west monsoon season the relative humidity generally exceeds 88% (July / August month). The rest of the year is drier. April is the driest month of the year. The wind velocity i s hi gher during t he pr e monsoon period a s compared to pos t monsoon per iod. T he m aximum w ind velocity i s 27. 0 km / hr . obs erved dur ing the m onth o f J une and m inimum 7 .1 km/hr during the month of November. 87. During the last five years, highest amount of rainfall was received in both districts in year 2006. About 92.3% of annua l r ainfall was r eceived during m onsoon s eason. O nly 7. 7% of annu al r ainfall t akes p lace between October to May period. A monthly rainfall detail for last five years in the both project districts has been summarized in Table 4.2.

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Table 4.2 : Monthly Rainfall data (mm) in the project districts for the last six years Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total Shajapur 2004 19.8 0 0 0 0 43.7 218.6 477 56.5 12.4 0 0 828 2005 0 0 0 9.2 12.9 72.5 273.8 150.1 124 0 0 0 642.5 2006 0 0 37.5 4 44 103.6 324.1 783.4 308.7 23 0 0 1628.3 2007 0 0.7 0 5.5 25.7 85.7 555.7 240.9 145.8 0 0.9 0 1060.9 2008 0 0 4.5 2 0.1 156.2 198.3 155.3 160.7 4.3 11.3 0 692.7 Rajgarh 2004 8.9 0 0 0 1.1 138.6 270.3 516.3 19.9 55.3 4.5 0 1014.9 2005 0 0 15.2 5 0 103.4 370 85.1 138.6 0 0 0 717.3 2006 0 0 N.A. 0 38.5 52.9 277.6 496 337.6 4.6 0 0 N.A. 2007 0.3 12.7 0.8 0 14.4 108.8 433 142.9 129.4 0 0 0 842.3 2008 0 0 7.4 0.8 0.7 230.2 187 189 116.6 5 7 0 743.7 Source: India Meteorological Department, Delhi 4.2.2. Air and Noise Quality 88. In absence of any existing data on ambient air quality and noise levels of the pr oject ar ea, ons ite m onitoring w as c onducted at few selected locations. Most of the project area lies in vast open agr icultural land and is largely free from air pollution and noi se generating sources other than traffic and few brick-kilns existing in the area. However, these are located in open area and operate only for few months. 4.2.2.1 Air Quality 89. The 24 hour ly av erage am bient ai r q uality l evels with r espect t o suspended par ticulate m atter (SPM), r espirable particulate matter (RSPM), Sulphur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen are shown in Table 4.3. The T able r eveals that S PM, RSPM, SO2 and N Ox range f rom 73.5 to 195.8 µg/m3, 26.7 to 87.5 µg/m3, 5.4 to 13.6 µg/m3 and 4.2 to 12.7 µg/m3 respectively in the project area. These ambient air quality levels conform to t he pr escribed N ational A mbient A ir Q uality S tandards ( NAAQS) (Appendix 4.1).

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Table 4.3 :Ambient Air Quality Along the project section (24 Hourly) Location RSPM SPM SO2 Nox Max 87.5 195.8 13.6 12.7 Chapikheda Min 54.3 146.5 8.4 6.8 Avg 68.2 170.3 10.5 9.1 Max 58.7 127.3 9.6 10.2 Zirapur Min 26.7 73.5 4.5 4.2 Avg 33.6 96.1 6.2 6 Max 78.2 142.6 11.2 12.5 Gautampura Kheda Min 44.5 107.2 7.5 6.4 Avg 66.7 122 9.4 10.3 Max 84.6 152.4 10.3 11.8 Dhanoda Min 33.6 88.6 5.4 5.4 Avg 65.2 132.3 7.8 8.7 Source: Field Monitoring 4.2.2.2 Noise 90. The ambient noise levels (Table 4.4) at most of the locations is well within the permissible limits as prescribed by CPCB for day time and night time. Overall the noise level in the project region is not disturbing.

Table 4.4 : Noise Level in dB (A) Along the Project Corridor Noise level in dB (A) Station Location Day Night Code Leq Leq N-1 Khujner 52.3 40.1 N-2 Chapikheda 45.7 38.3 N-3 Dhatuniya 46.4 39.6 N-4 Kundikheda 48.5 40.2 Source: Field Monitoring 4.2.3. Topography and Geomorphology 91. The project road lies between 76º 10’ E to 76º 41’ E and 23º 42’ N to 24º 11’ N and l ies i n S hajapur and R ajgarh di stricts. The topography of t he project road section is mixed type. The project road alignment traverses through plain terrain t hroughout except at two l ocations near kushikhedi and Zirapur, where rolling terrain is found. 92. The Rajgarh district lies on the northern edge of the Malwa plateau, and the Parbati River forms the eastern boundary of the district, while the Kali Sindh R iver forms t he western boundary. The physiology of t he road i n this region is basically. • Denudatiional Landforms • Fluvial Landforms • Malwa Plateau • Kali Sindh Basin 93. The rest of the road section passes through the Shajapur District. Physio- cultural diversities in the district have led to sub-divide it into the following sub-micro regions:

B

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• Agar plateau • Shajapur Forested Upland • Kali Sindh Basin • Shajapur Upland 94. The road section passing through the Shajapur District falls under the Kali Sindh Basin and the Shajapur Upland. Kali Sindh Basin: The region is elongated be tween t he s outhern and nor thern l imits of the di strict. Southern part of the region is hilly whereas northern part has plain land characteristics. The hills gradually decrease in height form south to north. There are a few scattered hillocks in the central and northern parts also. Geologically t he ent ire region i s a pa rt o f D eccan Tr ap o f C retaceous Eocene per iod. Shajapur U pland: Being a p art o f M alwa plateau, i t presents t he di ssected t opography. A hi ll r ange ent ers t his r egion from the north and extends towards the south. The southern part of the region is an upland area and northern part is relatively low lying. In the south, the hills are scattered and are eroded by various streams. 4.2.4. Geology/Soil 95. Geologically the project area constitutes the extensive Deccan Trap Basalts (Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene in age), overlain by variable thickness o f A lluvium o f R ecent o rigin. Basalts ar e massive, fractured/jointed and vesicular in nat ure. Most of the vesicles are filled with secondary m inerals like q uartz, c alcite and z eolite. The uppe rmost unit of basaltic flow is highly weathered. Alluvium is confined mainly along the rivers and streams, consisting of sand silt and clay, brought by rivers, mixed with line kankar and material derived from nearby hilly terrain. 96. Soil: The Soil type of Rajgarh district is mainly the medium to deep Black soil and m ixed red and bl ack s oil. I n s ome por tion of t he di strict R iver alluvial soil is also found. The alluvium consists of clay, silt, sand, gravels and pebbles. The soil in Shajapur district is of mixed type and there is no distinct boundar y i n bet ween an y t wo t ype of s oils. T here a re t hree categories of soils, identified in the district area:- • Black cotton Soil • Lateritic soil • Alluvium soil 97. The project road section is basically Black soil. These soils are dark grey to black in color, composed of clay and are plastic and sticky in nature. These s oils ar e fertile i n nat ure and derived f rom decomposition of trappean rocks having thickness of 15 cm to 2m. In some portion Lateritic soil is also found. The soil sample has been collected at four locations in the pr oject s ection as s hown i n Table 4. 5. The results reveal t hat t he dominant soil type is sandy clay loam with good organic content.

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Table 4.5 : Physiochemical Characteristics of soil in the project road S. Parameters Location No. Chapikheda Jirapur Devnagar Kundikheda 1 Colour Light Brown Brown Yellow Light Yellow 2 pH(20% slurry) 8.6 9.3 7.8 8.2 3 Conductivity ( μmhos / cm, 20% slurry) 276 265 304 285 4 Moisture (%) 1.53 1.63 1.48 1.75 5 Chlorides (%) 0.0654 0.0732 0.0541 0.0588 6 Bulk density (g/cc) 1.35 1.44 1.25 1.3 7 Porosity (%v/v) 0.77 0.74 0.82 0.79 8 Water H olding Capacity (%) 28 30 25 28 9 CEC meq/100g 28.3 27.5 26.8 29.5 10 Carbonate (%) NT NT NT NT 11 Bicarbonate (%) 0.0695 0.0742 0.0664 0.0722 12 Organic Matter (%) 0.052 0.064 0.071 0.048 13 Texture Sandy Sandy Clay Clay Sandy Clay Clay Loam Loam Loam Loam 14 Nitrogen % 1.42 1.44 1.38 1.26 15 Potassium ,kg/h 1.65 1.54 1.63 1.42 16 Phosphorous, kg/h 27.8 29.8 30.5 31.2 Source: Field Monitoring and Analysis 4.2.5. Seismicity 98. The project region falls in Zones I & II of seismicity & low hazard zone in the hazard and s eismic zoning map respectively as shown in the Figure 4.2 below.

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Source: Amateur Seismic Centre, Pune Source: IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002

Figure 4.2 : Hazard and Seismic Zoning Map

4.2.6. Land use 99. The area under various land uses in the state is presented in Table 4.6. The Table s hows t hat t he m ajor por tion o f t he l and use is under agriculture (48.69%) followed by forest cover (28%).

Table 4.6 : Land Use Pattern in the State Land Use Area in '000 ha Percentage Total geographical area 30824 Reporting Area for land utilization 30756 100 Net area Sown 14975 48.7 Forest* 8688 28.2 Area not available for cultivation 3364 10.9 Permanent Pasture & Grazing land 1341 4.3 Land under misc. tree crops & groves 20 0.06 Cultivable waste land 1175 3.8 Fallow land other than current fallows 596 1.9 Current fallows 596 1.9 Source: DPR • The data is given for 2004-05 (as per availability) including Reserved & Protected Forest 100. Land U se P attern a long the pr oject r oad S ection: Land us e p attern along t he pr oject r oad i s al so m ixed t ype dominated by ag riculture an d residential areas. Chainage-wise land use along the project road is given in Table 4. 7. About 10.1 km o f r oad l ength pas ses through forest areas.There are also few public and private settlements along the project road. 33

Table 4.7 : Chainage wise land use along the project road Chainage (km) Existing land use Village From To Pachor - Machalpur 3 10 Agricultural land with roadside settlements Pachor 10 20 Built-up area Khujner Kalyakhedi, 20 27 Agricultural land with roadside settlements Sandavata 27 39 Commercial / residential settlements Chapikhedia 39 50 Agricultural land with settlements Mohan 50 58 Mixture of barren land and settlement Kashikhedi, Zirapur 58 69 Agricultural land with settlements Dhatuniya, Machalpur Gogatpur - Soyat 0 4 Commercial / residential settlements Dhanoda 4 8.7 Agricultural land Machalpur - Rajasthan Border 0 2 Mixture of barren and agriculture land Devnagar, 2 8 Agricultural land with settlements Kundilkheda 8 12.2 Commercial / residential settlements Gogatpur Source: DPR 4.2.7. Hydrology and Drainage 101. Madhya P radesh represents great river bas ins and the watershed of a number o f rivers. C atchments o f m any r ivers of India lie i n Madhya Pradesh. The N armada ( originating from A markantak) and Tapti (originating from Multai of ) rivers and their basins divide the state in two, with the northern part draining largely into the Ganga basin and t he southern part into t he G odavari and Mahanadi systems. All t he rivers, w hich dr ain i nto t he G anga, flow f rom s outh t o nor th. The Chambal, Sipra, Kali Sind, Parbati, Kuno, Sind, Betwa, Dhasan and K en rivers are the main tributaries of the Yamuna. 102. Hydrology of Rajgarh District: The pr oject road in t he Rajgarh district falls i n t he Ganga B asin and C hambal s ub ba sin. The w hole R ajgarh districts fall i n t he G anga B asin. The w atershed ar eas o f t he R ajgarh district ar e U pper-Kalisind, Low er K alisind, N ewaz, C hapi-Ghani, U pper Parbati , AjnarGhoraphachar and Low er Parbati . T he district is dr ained by f ew r ivers K alisindh, N ewaj, P arwati, A jnaar and G adganga. S ome important w ater bodies o f R ajgarh di strict ar e P arasram talab (Narsinghgarh), C hidikho ( Narsinghgarh), N apanera ( ) and Chhapidam (Zirapur). Hydrology of Shajapur District: The entire District lies in the drainage area of the Chambal which is a major tributary of the Yamuna. The Chambal itself flows towards the north beyond the western boundary of the di strict. Its tributaries flowing i n t he di strict, ar e the Parbati, the Nawaj, the Kali Sindh, the Lakhundar, the Ahu and the Au and the Chhoti Kali Sindh. The watershed areas of the Shajapur district are Upper-Kalisind, Sind , Lak hundar, A hu, Lower Kalisind, Rewan, Newaz , Ajnar, Chapi-Ghani , Upper Parbati and Lower Parbati.

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103. The project area is draining by few rivers like Kali sindh, Newaj and Kadal River and other small streams cross the project road. The Kali Sindh river and Kadal river is found to be per ennial on observation. Other tributaries are non perennial in nature. 4.2.8. Groundwater 104. The ground w ater av ailability a long t he p roject r oad ar ea i s poo r. The depth of water table varies from 48.0 mbgl -290.41 mbgl Most of the wells become dr y except in m onsoon season. The groundwater quality of the samples collected during field s urvey in t he study area has been summarised in Table 4.8. The results reveal that the ground water quality conforms to the drinking water standards (Appendix 4.3).

Table 4.8 : Groundwater Quality Along the Project Corridor S. Locations Parameters No 1 Colour Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless 2 pH 7.8 7.5 8 7.4 3 Conductivity (μmhos / cm) 475 488 435 406 4 Turbidity, NTU 2 2 3 2 5 TDS (mg/l) 295 307 275 264 6 TSS (mg/l) 6 6 6 5

7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) 74 85 72 70 8 Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) 45 38 45.3 38.3

9 Sulphates as SO4 (mg/l) 21.1 22.4 20.7 21.5

10 Nitrates as NO3 (mg/l) ND ND ND ND

11 Phosphates as PO4 (mg/l) 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.07 12 Fluorides as F (mg/l) 0.65 0.72 0.61 0.58 13 Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.18 0.22 0.16 0.25 14 Lead as Pb (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 15 Copper as Cu (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 16 Nickel as Ni (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 17 Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 18 Chromium Total as Cr (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 19 Manganese as Mn (mg/l) 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.06 20 Oil & grease (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 21 Calcium as Ca (mg/l) 30.8 32.4 28.7 26.6 22 Magnesium as Mg (mg/l) 17.5 18.6 15.4 16.3 Source: Analysis of Field Samples 4.2.9. Surface water 4.2.9.1 River System and Water bodies of the Project Area 105. The project road in the Rajgarh district falls in the Ganga Basin. Project area i s dr ained by f ew r ivers l ike K ali s indh and Kadal and ot her s mall streams c ross the pr oject road. The Kali sindh river and Kadal river is found t o be per ennial i n g round obs ervation. Other t ributaries ar e no n perennial in nature. 35

106. The pr oject r oad i n t he S hajapur di strict falls i n t he G anga B asin and Chambal sub basin. The project area is draining by Kali Sindh river. Kali Sindh also crosses the road which is perennial in nature. The water bodies along the corridor are given at Table 4.9. Table 4.9 : List of Surface Water Sources Along/Across Project Corridor S. Name Whether Crossing or in Buffer Area No. 1. Kali sindh River Crossing the project alignment 2. Kadal Nadi Crossing the project alignment 3. Newaj River Buffer Zone 4. Lakhundar River Buffer Zone Source: Survey of India Toposheet/ Google Earth/Wikimapia site

Figure 4.3 : Drainage map of the project road SH-51

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107. Water s ample taken from Kali s indh r iver and Kadal N adi has been compared w ith t he s tandards pr escribed by C entral P ollution C ontrol Board (CPCB) f or Irrigation- Class D and pr opagation o f w ild l ife and fisheries -Class-E (Appendix 4.4). The results of the samples conforms their suitability for both these purposes. Results of the surface water quality in the project area have been summarized in Table 4.10.

Table 4.10 : Surface Water Quality in Project Area Location S.No. Parameters Kali Sindh Kadal 1 Colour Colourless Colourless 2 pH 7.3 7.8 3 Conductivity (μmhos / cm) 608 530 4 Turbidity, NTU 6 6 5 TDS (mg/l) 395 340 6 TSS (mg/l) 16 18

7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) 130 146 8 Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) 45 42.5

9 Sulphates as SO4 (mg/l) 20.5 17.5

10 Nitrates as NO3 (mg/l) 0.54 0.46

11 Phosphates as PO4 (mg/l) 0.07 0.07 12 Fluorides as F (mg/l) 0.4 0.36 13 Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.16 0.22 14 Lead as Pb (mg/l) ND ND 15 Copper as Cu (mg/l) ND ND 16 Nickel as Ni (mg/l) ND ND 17 Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.8 0.7 18 Chromium Total as Cr (mg/l) ND ND 19 Manganese as Mn (mg/l) 0.08 0.08 20 Oil & grease (mg/l) ND ND 21 Calcium as Ca (mg/l) 46.2 40.3 22 Magnesium as Mg (mg/l) 24.5 21.7 23 Total Coliform 33 27 24 DO 5.5 5.3 25 BOD 4.5 6.3 26 COD 18.3 17.6 Source: Analysis of field Samples 4.3. Ecological Resources 4.3.1. Terrestrial Ecology 4.3.1.1 Forests 108. Madhya Pradesh is endowed with rich and diverse forest resources. Lying between lat. 21° 04' N and long. 74° 02' and 82° 49' E, it is a reservoir of biodiversity. T he geographical ar ea o f the s tate i s 308 ,144 km2 (118,975 sq mi) which constitutes 9.38% of the land area of the country. 37

The forest area of the state is 95,221 km2 (36,765 sq mi) constituting 31% of the geographical area of the state and 12.44% of the forest area of the country. Le gally t his ar ea has been c lassified i nto " Reserved For est, Protected Forest and Unclassified Forest", which constitute 61.7%, 37.4% and 0. 9% of t he forest area r espectively. C entral, eas tern and s outhern parts o f the state a re rich, w hereas no rthern and w estern par ts a re deficient i n f orest. The f orest c over o f M adhya P radesh i s s hown i n Figure 4.4.

Figure 4.4 : Forest Cover Map of Madhya Pradesh 4.3.1.2 Floristic structure of the study area

109. The study area is dominated by agricultural fields. The vegetation in the study ar ea i s f ound on t he edg es o f fields and al ong t he roadside. However, there are few orchards enroute the corridor which are fruit bearing i n nat ure l ike Mangifera i ndica Syzygium c umini Tamarindus indica etc. Dominant species found along the road side ar e Shisham or Indian Rosewood- Dalbergia sissoo, Aam or Mango-Mangifera indica, Eucalyptus spp., Jamun or Java Plum- Syzygium cumini, Teak- Tectona grandis, Khair- Acacia c atechu, Neem- Azadirachta i ndica, Kikar or Babul- Acacia nilotica, Siris - Albizia lebek, Ber or Indian Jujube- Zizyphus mauritiana, Kair or T eat -Capparis dec iduas, Barh or B anyan- Ficus benghalensis, Pipal or Bo Tree - Ficus religiosa, Bogori - Zizyphus jujuba, Imli o r T amarind- Tamarindus i ndica, Ghoranim – Melia a zedarach, Mahua - Madhuca indica and B amboo P lantations. The l ist o f c ommon trees observed during the present survey along the road is given in Table 4.11. 110. The study area shows presence of medicinal plants. The area abounds in production of many kinds of fruits, flowers, seeds and leaves which have medicinal pr operties. S tudy ar ea has g ot a v ariety of t rees and pl ants owing t o the climatic and g eological factors. There ar e many plants like

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Brahmi, Satavari, Safed Musli, Bahera, Amla, Dhavas, Arjuna which have medicinal value found in the study area. 111. No loss of any threatened, rare or endangered plant species is envisaged in the project area. Table 4.11 : List of Plant Species found in the Study Area

S. No. Local Name Botanical Name Family Large Trees 1. Achar Buchanania lanzan (spreg) Anacardiaceae 2. Arjun Terminalia arjuna (Bedd) Combretaceae 3. Aam Mangifera indica (Linn) Anacardiaceae 4. Awla Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae 5. Imli Tamarindus indica (Linn) Caesalpiniaceae 6. Kardhai Anogeissus pendula Combrataceae 7. Kala siras Albizia lebbek Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 8. Kevlor Bauhinia purpurea Caesalpinaceae 9. Kumbhi Careya arborea Myrtaceae 10. Kullu Sterculia urens Stcrculiaceae 11. Kem Mitragyna parvifolia Rubiaceae 12. Khair Acacia catechu Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 13. Gular Ficus glomerata Moraceae 14. Gunja Gardenia pinnata Burseraceae 15. Chchwa Albizzia odoratissima Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 16. Chirol Holoptelea integrifolia Legumenosae (Mimoseae) 17. Jamun Syzygium cuimini Myrataceae 18. Kankar Lannea coromandalica Anacardiaceae 19. Tendu Diospyros melanoxeon Ebenaceae 20. Dhavda Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae 21. Dhobin Dalbergia paniculata Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 22. Nilgiri Eucalyptus spp Myrtaceae 23. Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 24. Palas Butea monosperma Leguminosea (papilionaceae) 25. Pakar Ficus infectoria Moraceae 26. Padar Stereospermum suaveolens Bignoniaceae 27. Pangra Erythrina Suberosa Leguminosae (Pipilionaceae) 28. Pipal Ficus religiosa Moraceae 29. Bad Ficus bengalensis Moraceae 30. Bahera Terminalia belerica Combretaceae 31. Babul Acacia nilotica Legumenosae 39

S. No. Local Name Botanical Name Family (Mimoseae) 32. Bel Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 33. Bhirra Chloroxylon Swietenia, D.C. Meliaceae 34. Maharukh Ailanthus excelsa Simarubiaceae 35. Mahua Madhuca indica Sapotaceae 36. Shisham Delbergia latifolia, Roxb Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 37. Safed Siras Albizzia procera, Benth Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 38. Sagwan Tectona grandis Verbenaceae 39. Saj Terminalia tomentosa Combretaceae 40. Salai Boswellia serrata Burseraceae 41. Seja Lagerstroemia parviflora Lythraceae 42. Semal Salmalia malabarica, Bombaxcieba Malvaceae 43. Haldu Adina Cardifolia Rubiaceae Small Trees 44. Amaltash Cassia fistula Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 45. Astara Bauhinia malabarica Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 46. Asta Bauhinia racermosa Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 47. Ghont Zizyphus xylopyra Rhamnaceae 48. Ber Zizyphus jujube Rhamnaceae 49. Lokhandi Ixora arborea Rubiaceae 50. Sehra Bauhinia retusa Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) Shrubs and Under Shrubs 51. Adusa Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae 52. Apamarg Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae 53. Arandi Ricinus Communis Euphorbiaceae 54. Aak Calotropis gigantean Asclepiadaceae 55. Gokhru Tribulus terrestris Zygophllaceae 56. Zhadneri Zizyphus nummularia Rhamnaceae 57. Tulsi Ocimum Sanctum Labiatae 58. Thuar Euphorbia nerifolia Euphorbiaceae 59. Dhavai Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae 60. Nirgudi Vitex negundo Verbenaceae 61. Neel Indigofera pulchella Leguminosae 62. Pawar Cassia tora Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 63. Beshram Ipomoea pescaparae Convolvulaceae 64. Bhatkatiya Solanum nigrum Solanaceae 65. s Vidyasini Lantana camara Verbenaceae

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S. No. Local Name Botanical Name Family 66. Shatavari Asparagus recemosus Liliaceae 67. Sitafal Anona Squamosa Anonaceae 68. Harsingar Nyctanthes arbortristis Oleacaae 69. Ratanjot Jatropha curacas Evphorbiaceae 70. Gunja Abrus precatorious Leguminosea 71. Gauj Millietia auriculata Leguminosea (Pipilionaceae) 72. Palasbel Butea superba Leguminosea (Pipilionaceae) 73. Amrbel Cuscuta reflexa Convolvulaceae 74. Bans Dendrocalamus Strictus Gramineae Source: Field Survey and Secondary Sources

4.3.2. Fauna

4.3.2.1 Wild Life and Protected Areas

112. There ar e 9 National Parks and 25 Sanctuaries spread over an ar ea of 10,862 km2 constituting 11.40% of the total forest area and 3.52% of the geographical ar ea of t he state. The det ails o f N ational P ark an d Sanctuaries is shown in Figure 4.5

Figure 4.5 : National Parks and Sanctuaries in Madhya pradesh 113. The vegetation density and di versity is an important factor determining the habi tat and t hus for par ticular w ild ani mals. D ifferent ani mals pr efer different types o f habi tat for food and s helter. D uring the s urvey l angur and macaque were sighted in different locations. Grazing activity mostly performed by dom estic animals l ike cow, buffaloes, g oat etc. however, the public consultation revealed t he e xistence of J ackals, Fox es, H are, 41

macaque in the study area are also found co existing in the similar habitat conditions. List of fauna present in study area is given in Table 4.12. Table 4.12 : List of Fauna in the Study Area S. No. Local Name Zoological Name Family 1. Common Langur Presbytia entellus Colobidae 2. Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta Circopthecidae 3. Common jungle cat Felis chaus Felidae 4. Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi Herpestidae 5. Jackal Canis aureus Canidae 6. Indian Fox Vulpes benglensis Canidae 7. Common five Stripped Funambulus pennanti Sciuridae squirrel 8. Field rat Bandicota bengalensis Muridae 9. Common house rat Rattus rattus-refescena Muridae 10. Common India Porcupine Hystrix indica Hystricidae 11. Common Indian hare Lepus nigricollis Leporidae Source: Secondary sources and Public consultation 114. The r eptile i ncludes the s nakes and l izards o f v arious t ypes. N on poisonous snakes include rat snake, Dhaman etc. the poisonous snakes include t he c obra, common K rait, R ussell’s v iper et c. l izards i ncluding monitor l izard ar e al so observed. T he agriculture f ield in t he s tudy ar ea provides an i deal habi tat for many s nakes an d ot her r eptiles. R eptiles such as Russell viper, cobra, and python were found occasionally in the dense v egetation ar eas as per -narrated by l ocal peopl e. T he l ist of common reptiles found in the study area is shown in Table 4.13 Table 4.13 : List of Reptiles in the Study Area S. No. Scientific Name English Name Family 1. Python molurus Indian python Pythonidae 2. Mabuya carinata Common skink Scincidae 3. Ptyas mucosus Rat snake Colubridae 4. Hemidactyhus flaviviridis House Lizard Gekkonidae 5. Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard Agamidae 6. Bungarus caeruleus Common India Krait Elapidae 7. Viper russelli Russel’s Viper Viperidae 8. Naja naja Indian cobra Elapidae 9. Varanus bengalensis Moniter Lizard varanidae 10. Dendrelaphis tristis Tree snake Colubridae Source: Secondary Sources and Public Consultation 115. The common Butterflies found in the study area are Danaus chrysippus, Tirumala limniace, E uploea core e tc th e l ist o f B utterflies f ound in t he study area is given in Table 4.14. Table 4.14 : List of Butterflies found in the study area S. No. Scientific name Common name 1 Danaus chrysippus Plain tiger 2 Euthalia nais Baronet

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3 Euploea core Common crow 4 Catopsilia Pomona Common emigrant 5 Danaus genutia Stripped tiger 6 Tirumala limniace Blue tiger Source: Secondary Sources and Public Consultation 4.3.2.2 Avifauna

116. A t otal num ber o f 22 species o f bi rds w ere encountered dur ing the present survey. Dominant bird s pecies observed during the survey are blue rock pigeon, rose ringed parakeet, small blue kingfisher, green bee eater, house crow, common myna, House sparrow etc. List of bird species found in study area is given in Table 4.15 Table 4.15 : List of Avifauna found in the Study Area S. No. Standard English Name Zoological Name Family 1. Gray Heron Ardea Cinerea Ardeidae 2. Paddy Bird Ardeola grayii Ardeidae 3. Cattle egret Bulbulcus ibis Ardeidae 4. White egret Egretta alba Ardeidae 5. Little Egret Egretta garzetta Ardeidae 6. Black parteidge Francolinus from Colinus Phasianidae 7. Gray partridge Francolinus pond-icerianus Phasianidae 8. Common or gray quail Cotuenix coturnix Phasianidae 9. Red wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus Charadridae 10. Yellow wattled lapwing Vanellus malabaricus Charadridae 11. Common green pigeon Treron Phoenicoptera Collumbidae 12. Blue rock pigeon Columba livia Collumbidae 13. Indian ring dove Streptopelia decaocto Collumbidae 14. Spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis Collumbidae 15. Large Indian Parakeet Psittacula eupatria Psittacidae 16. Rose ringed Parakeet Psittacula Krameri Psittacidae 17. Blossom headed parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala Psittacidae 18. Koel Eudynamys scolopaceae Cuculidae 19. Coucal Centropus sinensis Cuculidae 20. Pied king fisher Ceryle rudis Alcedinidae 21. Small Blue king fisher or Alcedo atthis Alcedinidae Common king fisher 22. White breasted king fisher Halcyon smyrnensis Alcedinidae 23. Green bee eater Merops orientalis Meropidae 24. Indian roller blue jay Coracias benghalensis Coracidae 25. Indian pitta Pitta brachyuran Pittiade 26. Golden oriole Oriolus oriolus Orioladae 27. King crow; Black Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis Dicruidae 28. Large Racket tailed drango Dicrurus paradiseus Dicruidae 29. Pied myna Sturnus contra Sturnidae 30. Common myna Aeridotheres tristis Sturnidae 31. Jungle myna Aeridotheres Sturnidae 32. House crow Corvus splendens Corvidae 33. Jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos Corvidae 34. Red whisked bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Pycnontidae 35. Redvented bulbul Pyenonotus cafer Pycnontidae 36. Jungle babbler Turdoidesstriatus Muscicapidae Timalinae 43

S. No. Standard English Name Zoological Name Family 37. Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata Muscicapidae 38. Magpie Robin Copsychus-saularis Muscicapidae Turdinae 39. Indian Robin Saxicola fulicatus Muscicapidae Turdinae 40. Grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea Motacillidae 41. Yellow Wagtail Motacilla glava Motacillidae 42. Purple sun Bird Nectarinia asiatica Nectarinidae 43. House sparrow Passer-domesticus passerinae 44. Weaver bird Ploceus philippinus passerinae 45. Red Munia Estrilda amandava Estrildinae Source: DPR 4.3.2.3 Roadside Plantation 117. The major species observed are Mango, teak, neem, jamun, palas, saja, seasam, mahua etc. About 5497 numbers of trees were observed along 20 m width of the project road. The Chainage-wise list of trees along the project road is given in Table 4.16. Table 4.16 : Trees Along Project Road (within 20m width) Chainage (km) Left Right Total From To 3.000 4.000 25 15 40 4.000 5.000 131 40 171 5.000 6.000 98 60 158 6.000 7.000 34 20 54 7.000 8.000 29 25 54 8.000 9.000 46 10 56 9.000 10.000 32 25 57 10.000 11.000 71 40 111 11.000 12.000 96 8 104 12.000 13.000 45 15 60 13.000 14.000 51 30 81 14.000 15.000 28 20 48 15.000 16.000 14 15 29 16.000 17.000 51 20 71 17.000 18.000 16 10 26 18.000 19.000 59 12 71 19.000 20.000 50 50 100 20.000 21.000 64 30 94 21.000 22.000 79 35 114 22.000 23.000 90 15 105 23.000 24.000 16 14 30 24.000 25.000 19 24 43 25.000 26.000 26 11 37 26.000 27.000 38 9 47 27.000 28.000 84 40 124 28.000 29.000 27 50 77 29.000 30.000 69 15 84

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Chainage (km) Left Right Total From To 30.000 31.000 51 30 81 31.000 32.000 136 20 156 32.000 33.000 80 40 120 33.000 34.000 70 20 90 34.000 35.000 18 25 43 35.000 36.000 57 60 117 36.000 37.000 39 20 59 37.000 38.000 1 15 16 38.000 39.000 18 30 48 39.000 40.000 60 40 100 40.000 41.000 25 50 75 41.000 42.000 52 20 72 42.000 43.000 41 30 71 43.000 44.000 48 20 68 44.000 45.000 41 15 56 45.000 46.000 45 20 65 46.000 47.000 41 15 56 47.000 48.000 47 10 57 48.000 49.000 45 8 53 49.000 50.000 67 7 74 50.000 51.000 19 11 30 51.000 52.000 24 8 32 52.000 53.000 17 9 26 53.000 54.000 24 4 28 54.000 55.000 10 5 15 55.000 56.000 14 9 23 56.000 57.000 12 10 22 57.000 58.000 15 2 17 58.000 59.000 19 12 31 59.000 60.000 40 25 65 60.000 61.000 57 20 77 61.000 62.000 46 18 64 62.000 63.000 69 60 129 63.000 64.000 21 12 33 64.000 65.000 30 17 47 65.000 66.000 16 14 30 66.000 67.000 12 20 32 67.000 68.000 20 0 20 68.000 69.000 19 15 34 69.000 70.000 10 5 15 0.000 1.000 0 8 8 1.000 2.000 4 11 15 2.000 3.000 11 6 17 3.000 4.000 5 8 13 4.000 5.000 15 12 27 5.000 6.000 15 5 20 45

Chainage (km) Left Right Total From To 6.000 7.000 0 0 0 7.000 8.000 11 2 13 8.000 9.000 11 5 16 9.000 10.000 9 6 15 0.000 1.000 63 12 75 1.000 2.000 27 10 37 2.000 3.000 30 20 50 3.000 4.000 12 15 27 4.000 5.000 69 9 78 5.000 6.000 37 11 48 6.000 7.000 16 6 22 7.000 8.000 19 8 27 8.000 9.000 9 5 14 0.000 1.000 63 65 128 1.000 2.000 80 40 120 2.000 3.000 14 14 28 3.000 4.000 21 24 45 4.000 5.000 61 12 73 5.000 6.000 26 9 35 6.000 7.000 56 18 74 7.000 8.000 25 16 41 8.000 9.000 19 10 29 9.000 10.000 15 17 32 10.000 11.000 44 15 59 11.000 12.000 9 9 18 Total 3660 1837 5497 Source: DPR

4.3.3. Aquatic Ecology 118. No c ommercial f ishing was obs erved i n t he p roject s ite. S mall scale fishing was observed for local purpose. Only two major fish species were observed v iz. R ohu ( Labeo r ohita) and C atla (Catla c atla) onl y dur ing Monsoon per iod. T here i s no br eeding or s pawning gr ound o f t hese species in any of t he water bodies in the project area since the w ater availability and f low velocity i s q uite l ow and unf avourable f or breeding. No migratory fishes are found in these rivers. 4.4. Socio-Economic Environment 4.4.1. Economic Progress 119. The ec onomy o f M adhya P radesh is bas ed on a griculture, forest products, industries, mineral resources, and cottage industry sectors. The gross domestic product of t he state am ounted to R s. 304, 720 m illion i n 1990, i n 1995 t his figure am ounted to R s. 478,410 m illion, and i n 2000 this figure was Rs. 737,150 million. 4.4.1.1 Agriculture

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120. In 2004-05, the state has produced about 14.1million tones of food grains (comprising C ereals 10. 7million t onnes and 3. 4million t onnes o f pul ses) and about 4.8 million tones of total Oilseed (Soyabean production is 3.75 million tones). The state has contributed 7.43% food grains, 8.7% cereals and 21.4% pulses to the national food storage. The contribution of national oi l s eed pr oduction w as 22. 1% i n the 2003-04. T hus t he state became highest producer of pul ses and s econd oi lseed pr oducer i n the country in 2003-04. 121. Agriculture of the P roject District: The ec onomy of R ajgarh di strict i s agriculture bas ed and w heat, pea and s oybean ar e t he m ain c rops cultivated. The district has fairly good cultivated lands, with about 412,714 hectares of total ar ea t hat are sown. Of t his, t he total g ross area being irrigated amounts to about 160,096 hectares. The occupation of Shajapur is also mainly agriculture. Total land for Agriculture in the district is about 446,000 hectares. Soyabean is the major crop in this district. Main plants production i s t aken i n 396, 000 hec tares. The other main crops are wheat, . Maize, Gram, Rice, Bajra, Sugarcane, Groundnut are the less important crops. 4.4.1.2 Mineral Resources 122. Madhya Pradesh is rich in minerals. There are large reserves of coal and important depos its o f i ron or e, manganese o re, baux ite, l imestone, dolomite, copper, fire clay & china clay. Diamond reserves at Panna are of particular interest. There are 24 cement factories in the state. The state is one of the largest producers of cement in the country. The reserves of dolomite ( 66 m illion t onnes), fuller’s earth ( 1.2 lakh m illion t onnes), c lay (12030 million t onnes), l ime s tone, quartz et c. reported i n p roject ar ea. The project districts are not very rich in mineral deposits. Few secondary minerals like Quartz, calcite and zeolite are found in the project districts. 4.4.1.3 Industries 123. The m ajor i ndustries o f t he s tate are electronics, t elecommunications, petrochemicals, food pr ocessing and au tomobiles. The s tate ha s al so taken a lead in the production of cement. The state is also famous for its traditional handi crafts a nd handl ooms manufactured a t C handeri an d Maheshwar. The major industrial unit in the state are- cement, Pig Iron, Steel Ingots, News Prints and Sugar mills. 4.4.2. Infrastructure Facilities 4.4.2.1 Water Supply 124. Madhya Pradesh ranks among top states in accessibility and availability of s afe dr inking water supply. N early 90% of the t otal popul ation g ets safe dr inking w ater. P rojects di stricts a re al so r ichly endo wed b y groundwater and surface water resources. Groundwater is primarily used for drinking and domestic purposes in the project influence area. 4.4.2.2 Transportation 125. Madhya P radesh i s po orly s erved with t ransport and c ommunication facilities. State has about 21km of roads per 100 sq. km, as amongst an all India average of 62 km per sq. km. The road network is deficient both 47

in t he q uantum ne twork c onnectivity as well as i n r iding q uality o f t he roads, mainly the state highways, district roads and village roads. 126. The main railroads that pass through the state were originally laid down to connect the ports of Chennai, Mumbai and Kolkota with their surrounding areas. Important r ailway j unctions i nclude B hopal, R atlam, K handwa, Itarsi and Katni. Major airports connecting the states with other part of the country ar e a t B hopal, , I ndore, J abalpur, R ewa and K hajuraho, as well as several national highways. 127. Transportation o f t he P roject D istrict: Shajapur di strict i s w ell connected by r ail and road. R ailway l ine i s well c onnected to v arious cities. Here the Ujjain-Bhopal, Ujjain-Guna, Makshi-Indoreon, Ujjain- Bhopal, Makshi, Bercha, Akodiya, , Kalapipal are major railway stations. NH-3 is passing through the district. On the railway track Ujjain- Guna, Shajapur is the main railway station. Districts main bus routes are Agra-Mumbai nat ional high w ay A gar-Kota, Shajapur-Shujalpu and Shajapur-Agar. Rajgarh district is well connected by rail and road. NH-12 is passing through the middle of the district. 128. The proposed road Pachor – Chapikheda – Zirapur - Machalpur section serves as a link connecting these important cities of Rajgarh districts. The improvement of roads infrastructure in the region will enhance the tourism potential as well as will lead to increased socio-economic activities in both the di stricts. Therefore, t he ex isting r oad i nfrastructure ur gently needs improvement by widening and reconstruction. 4.4.2.3 Power Sources and Availability 129. The s tate i s w ell end owed with pot ential h ydroelectric pow er. M ain hydroelectric projects ( jointly dev eloped with ot her s tates) a re the Babanthadi with Maharashtra, the Ban Sagar with B ihar and uttar Pradesh, Chambal V alley with R ajasthan, N armada S agar w ith G ujarat and Rajasthan, and R ajghat and U rmil with Uttar Pradesh. The Hasdeo Bango, Bargi, and Birsinghapur thermal power projects are also within the state. 130. Installed power capacity of Madhya Pradesh is 6305 MW, of which 2990 MW is pr oduced from state’s own pr ojects, 1599 MW from joint-venture projects and 1716MW from the central sector allocation. Per capita electricity consumption in the state is 270 Kwh. About 97.43% villages in the state have been electrified. 4.5. Social and Cultural Resources 4.5.1. Population and Communities 131. Madhya Pradesh is a l andlocked state in t he central part of t he country with a popul ation of 60. 3million with m ore t han 74% of the popul ation living i n t he rural a reas. The popul ation de nsity of t he . state i s 196persons/km2 in compare to 325 persons/km2 of India. Sex ratio of the state is 920 against the 933 in the country. According to the census 2001, the state of Madhya Pradesh and India has following facts on Population (Table 4.17).

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Table 4.17 : Demographic Profile of the State and the country S. Feature Madhya Pradesh India No. 1 Geographical Area (sq. km) 308824 3287240 2 Total Population 60385118 1028737436 3 Male population 31456873 532223090 4 Female population 28928245 496514346 5 Rural Population 44282528 742490639 6 Urban Population 16102590 286119689 7 Density 196 325 8 Sex ratio (female/1000 male) 920 933 9 Literacy (%) 64.08 64.8 Source: Census Data, Census of India, 2001 132. The project road SH-51 is passing through the 15 villages of the Rajgarh and Shajapur districts. The villages are listed in Table 4.18.

Table 4.18 : List of villages in the project road

Location Start Chainage (km) End Chainage (km) Pachor- Machalpur Khujner 14/550 16/000 KalyaKhedi 21/500 22/000 Sandavata 27/000 27/400 Chapikheda 36/650 38/500 Mohan 41/100 41/700 Kashikhedi 51/900 52/200 Jirapur 54/800 56/800 Mona Khedi 60/000 60/200 Dhatunya 60/700 60/900 Machalpur 68/200 69/700 Machalpur – Goghatpur (up to Rajasthan border) Devnagar 2/600 2/700 Gautampura Kheda 4/400 4/700 KundiKheda 5/000 5/100 Goghatpur 9/500 10/100 Goghatpur – Soyat Dhanoda 2/300 2/800 Source: DPR 133. The total number of households in the villages of the project road is 8860 and the total population is 51616. Out of these, about 81% is general. The SC/ST popul ation ac counts for abou t 19% o f t he t otal popul ation as shown in Figure 4.6. The figure also reveals that the gender ratio among SC/ST population is almost the same.

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1.99% 16.93% 5000 4500 M F 4000 3500 3000 GEN 2500 SC 2000 ST 1500 Population (Nos) Population 1000 500 0 81.07% SC ST

Source: Census of India, 2001 Figure 4.6 : Demographic Status of the Project Section 4.5.2. Literacy 134. The overall literacy rate of Madhya Pradesh is 64.08 %, which is almost equivalent to the countries literacy rate (64.8%) (Figure 4.7). The project road pas sing t hrough t he Rajgarh and S hajapur districts o f Madhya Pradesh c overing v illages hav e t otal l iteracy r ate of 54. 56%.The population of l iterate male ( 63.24%) i s c omparatively hi gh t han female literate (36.76%).

20000 18000 16000 14000 LIT ILL 12000 10000 8000 6000 Population (Nos) Population 4000 2000 0 Male Female

Figure 4.7 Literacy Rate Along the Project Section 4.5.3. Occupational Status 135. In the villages of the project road 39.87% of the total population comprise the w orkforce o f t he pr oject a rea. 66. 45% c omprise t he male w orking class popul ation. M arginal popul ation o f v illages o f the p roject road i s 8.73% with 69.1% represented by female population is comparatively high. Maximum percentage of the workers is in the agriculture sector as cultivators or agricultural labourers or employee in agro based industries. Tribal population in the project area is low (1.99 %) and t hey also live in the mainstream of the society as shown in Figure 4.8.

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29%

31% MA IN CL MA IN W ORKER MAIN AL MA RG W ORKER MA IN HH MA IN O T NON W ORKER 56%

60% 12% 9% 3%

8000 1600 7000 M F 1400 M F 6000 1200 5000 1000 4000 800 3000 600

Population (Nos) Population 400

Population (Nos) Population 2000 1000 200 0 0 MA RG CL MARG AL MA RG HH MARG OT MA IN CL MAIN AL MA IN HH MA IN O T

Figure 4.8 : Occupational status Along the Alignment 4.5.4. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance 136. There is no such site of significance either impacted or in the close vicinity of the project area. 4.5.4.1 Areas of Eco-Sensitivity/Protected Area/Restricted Area legislative and others 137. The project road does not pass through any National Park / Wildlife Sanctuary, reserve or protected forest. 51

5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES 138. Environmental impacts have been assessed considering present environmental setting of the project ar ea, nat ure, and ex tent of t he proposed ac tivities. S uitable appr oach and qualitative and q uantitative techniques were used to ascertain likely direct and indirect impacts during design, construction and operation stages of the project. Impacts are classified as being insignificant, minor, moderate and major. The mitigation measures have been presented along with the impacts. 139. During the field study, a num ber of informal consultations were held with people in the locality including those presently living along the various stretches o f t he s ub p roject c orridor. S ome N GOs w orking i n the ar eas were also contacted. Discussions were held with various concerned Government authorities like with Forests Departments, pollution control boards, S tate env ironmental i mpact as sessment aut hority. Outcome of these consultations is referred for environmental impact assessment and designing of mitigative measures. 5.1. Impact on Physical Environment 5.1.1. Climate Design and Construction Phase 140. Project will ha ve no i mpact on c limate of the ar ea. T he subproject may have minor impact on weather conditions of the area due to cutting of the 311 trees. Mitigation Measures 141. All efforts are made to minimise the cutting of trees. Supervision consultants will further ens ure m inimal cutting o f the t rees during t he construction stage. The compensatory afforestation shall be made on the basis 1: 5. T he pl antations s hall beg in with s tart o f c onstruction. The survival of plantation will be ensured, even if t hey are planted through concerned forest department. Tree of native variety only will be planted. In addition to above plantation, additional trees shall be planted through village Panchayats to improve microclimatic conditions of the area. Operation Stage 142. The s ub-project r oad i s located i n vast open agr icultural l and which w ill provide adeq uate dispersion of gaseous em ission f rom vehicle. Fur ther, extensive plantation will ameliorate/enhance the micro-climate. It also has associated bene fits with respect to Green House Gas (GHG) emission reduction. The GHG emission reduction is anticipated due to improved road conditions and better connectivity. The GHG reduction is anticipated due to reduced idling of vehicle. Mitigation Measures

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143. It i s proposed that MPRDC may i nitiate s tudy t o as sess the GHG emission r eduction an d r eap the ec onomic bene fits from r oad improvement projects including higher tree plantation.

5.1.2. Natural Hazard 144. Earthquake: The s ub project roads l ies i n s eismic z one I I/III as per classification by B ureau o f I ndian S tandards. T his means lower t o medium seismic intensity. Mitigation Measures 145. All subproject s tructures shall be designed w ith c onsideration of above

seismicity. 5.1.3. Air Quality Design and Construction Phase 146. The potential sources of air emission during the construction phase of the project are: (i) dus t from ear th w orks ( during s ite p reparation), (ii) emissions f rom the ope ration o f c onstruction equipment and m achines, (iii) f ugitive e missions f rom vehicles p lying on t he road, (iv) f ugitive emissions during the transport of construction materials, (v) air emissions other than dust arise from combustion of hydrocarbons particularly from the hot mix pl ants, and (vi) l ocalised i ncreased t raffic c ongestion i n construction ar eas. Most o f the e missions w ill be i n t he form o f c oarse particulate m atter which will s ettle dow n i n c lose v icinity of c onstruction site. Hot m ix pl ant will g enerate carbon m onoxide ( CO), un -burnt hydrocarbon (HC), s ulphur di oxide (SO2), par ticulate matters ( PM), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. This may affect the air quality of nearby areas, especially, due to emission discharge from low height of the stack. However, this will be a temporary phase and hence, no significant impact is envisaged. 147. The s tone a ggregate w ill be s ourced from l icensed q uarries. N o new quarries shall be open for the pr oject. The pollution related aspects t o these quarries are independently complied by the quarry owner. Mitigation Measures 148. Road pav ement des ign should be s uch t hat t yre f riction due t o v ehicle movement will b e reduced. Vehicles delivering loose and f ine m aterials like sand and aggregates shall be covered. Dust suppression measures like w ater s prinkling, w ater fogging s hall be a pplied i n al l dus t pr one locations s uch as unpa ved haul age r oads5, ear thworks, s tockpiles and asphalt m ixing pl ant ar eas. P PE s hall be pr ovided t o t he c onstruction workers to minimise inhalation of respirable suspended particulate matter. 149. Mixing plants and asphalt (hot mix) plants shall be located at least 1 km away and i n downwind direction of the hu man s ettlements. Material storage ar eas s hall al so be l ocated do wnwind of the habi tation ar ea. Contractor shall obtain consent to establish and oper ate from concerned

5 Water suppression of fugitive dust can reduce emissions from 12% to 98% 53

State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) before its use for the project road. Hot m ix plant shall be f itted with stack of adequate height ( 30 m) or as may be prescribed by SPCB to ensure enough dispersion of exit gases. Diesel G enerating (DG) s ets s hall al so be f itted w ith s tack o f a dequate height. Low s ulphur d iesel s hall be us ed i n D G s ets and ot her construction machineries. Construction vehicles and machineries shall be periodically maintained. LPG should be used as f uel s ource i n construction camps instead of wood, wherever possible. 150. Air quality m onitoring shall be carried out dur ing c onstruction phas e. Suitable pol lution c ontrol m easures s hall be adopt ed i f monitored parameters are found above the prescribed limit. 151. The aggregate will be transported in the covered quarries through existing national and state highways. Operation Phase 152. The bad road conditions, the idling of vehicles are the main causes of the air and noise pollution at present. The improved road conditions will result in the improved ambient air quality. Since traffic is projected to increase with improved roads and better connectivity, the impact will remain more or less same. Since subproject is largely traverse through vast open agriculture areas, which provides adequate dispersion to gaseous pollutants generated from vehicles. Mitigation Measures 153. It i s proposed to m aintain t he r oad c onditions including s houlders and embankment turfing. Thick trees shall be planted close to sensitive locations such as hospital, school boundaries and near religious places. 154. Caution sign f or s peed regulation and l ane dr iving s hall be fixed near habitat areas. Educative awareness boards for safe and fuel efficient driving shall be fixed at selective locations. 5.1.4. Noise Design and Construction Phase 155. Ambient noi se l evel m ay increase temporarily i n t he c lose v icinity o f various construction activities, maintenance workshops and v ehicles and earthmoving e quipment. These c onstruction a ctivities a re expected to produce noise levels in the range of 80 – 95 dB(A) (at a distance of about 5 m from the source). Although this level of noise is higher the permissible limit for ambient noise level for residential/commercial levels but w ill oc cur onl y i ntermittently and t emporary. This noi se l evel will attenuate fast with increase in distance from noise source. Impact due to noise dur ing c onstruction ac tivities w ill be m inimal t o i nhabitants s ince most of the built-up areas are located at safer distance from the r oad. However, there are few noise sensitive locations especially schools close to the alignment (Table 5.1)

Table 5.1 : List of Noise- Sensitive Locations along the Alignment

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Offset from Chainage S. No. Village District Feature Side the edge of (km) the road(m) Pachor to Machalpur 1 13.800 Khujner Rajgarh Temple Right 2.30 2 14.200 Khujner Rajgarh Temple Right 5.87 3 15.800 Khujner Rajgarh Temple Right 9.97 4 27.100 Sandavata Rajgarh Temple Left 8.40 5 41.550 Mohan Rajgarh School Left 6.03 6 49.200 Kashikhedi Rajgarh Temple Right 3.50 7 51.400 Kashikhedi Rajgarh Temple Right 8.62 8 54.900 Zirapur Rajgarh Temple Left 9.90 9 60.000 Monakhedi Rajgarh School Right 6.90 10 60.800 Dhatuniya Rajgarh Temple Left 7.60 Machalpur to Rajasthan border 11 2.750 Devnagar Rajgarh Temple Left 8.30 12 8.200 Goghatpur Rajgarh Temple Right 2.17 13 9.800 Goghatpur Rajgarh Temple Left 4.61 Source: DPR Mitigation Measures 156. Vehicles and eq uipments should be fitted with silencers and maintained well. The workers shall be provided with personal protection devices such as earplugs and earmuffs. Tree plantation shall be started along with the construction activities. Noise and vibration monitoring shall be carried out as per the suggested monitoring pl an. The construction equipments/machinery ( stationary) s hall be pl aced aw ay f rom habi tat areas Operation Phase 157. During the operational phase, movement of traffic will be the prime source of noise. Traffic congestion and pedestrian interferences increase the use of horns. T his m ay result in i ncrease noi se l evels at c ommercial ar eas, nearby schools and religious places. Mitigation Measures 158. Effective traffic m anagement and g ood r iding c onditions shall be maintained t o reduce the noise level throughout the stretch and speed limitation and hon king r estrictions m ay be enforced near sensitive locations especially at Khujner ( 14.550), C hapikheda (36.650), Zi rapur (54.800), Goghatpur (9.500). Multilayer trees shall be planted close to the sensitive locations. 5.1.5. Impact on Land and Soil 5.1.5.1 Loss of Productive Soil and Change in Land use Design and Construction Phase 55

159. No l and us e will c hange due t o the pr oject since r equired R OW is available t hroughout the al ignment. Land-use though will c hange temporarily of construction camp areas and for the period of construction. This will also result in loss of soil productivity. 160. Land use may also change due to borrowing the earth. Land will also loose its productivity if top soil is not preserved. Mitigation Measures 161. It s hall be ens ured t hat t he l and t aken on l ease for ac cess r oad and construction camp is restored back to its original land use before handing it over back to land owner. 162. The top soil from the productive land (borrow areas, road widening areas etc.) shall be preserved and r eused for plantation purposes. It shall also be us ed as t op c over of em bankment s lope for gr owing v egetation t o protect soil erosion. Operation Phase 163. The be tter ac cess c an lead to c onversion of a griculture l and for residential and c ommercial pur poses c lose t o roads and es pecially i n rural and ur ban ar ea. This m ay r esult i n l oss of p roductive l and and agricultural produce. Mitigation Measures 164. The EA may explore the feasibility of restricting about 50 m area on either side of the road as no development zone on the line restriction is imposed for National Highways in India. 5.1.5.2 Soil Erosion Design and Construction Phase 165. Soil erosion may take place along steep and un compacted embankment slope, and wherever vegetation is cleared. Soil erosion may have cumulative ef fect v iz. s iltation, e mbankment da mage, dr ainage problem etc. Los s o f s oil due t o r un of f from ear th s tock-piles m ay al so lead t o siltation. The intensity of soil erosion at different locations will be influenced b y the lithology, topography, soil type and climatic condition (mainly rainfall) and drainage pattern. Mitigation Measures 166. Bank p rotection measures s hall be t aken at e rosion pr one ar eas. The protection measures may include use of geo-textiles matting. Provision of side dr ain s hall be m ade t o g uide t he w ater t o nat ural out falls. Stone pitching shall be carried out wherever necessary. When soil is spread on slopes for permanent disposal, it shall be buttressed at the toe by retaining walls. Side slopes of the embankment shall not be steeper than 2H:1V. Turfing/bio-turfing of embankment and slopes shall be done along the s tretch. IRC: 5 6 -1974 r ecommended p ractice for t reatment o f embankment slopes for erosion control shall be t aken into consideration. Soil e rosion s hall be visually c hecked on s lopes and hi gh embankment areas. In case soil erosion is found, suitable measures shall be taken to control the soil erosion.

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167. Though terrain is flat all through the stretch, except at few locations where it is r olling. Therefore, a ll s teep c uts shall be flattened and ben ched. Retaining wall on both sides shall be provided. Shrubs shall be planted in loose soil area.

Plate 1: Ch. 15.5 (Near Khujner) Plate 2: Ch. 2.3 (Near Soyat) Operation Phase 168. Soil of steep slopes of embankment and near bridge approaches may erode the embankment formation due to unexpected rainfall. Soil erosion condition m ay ar ise i f bor row ar eas ar e not s tabilized/restored pr operly. Regular m onitoring f or e ffectiveness of soil erosion measures ( turfing, stone pitching, etc.) shall form part of the environmental monitoring during project operation). Suitable strengthening measures shall be taken to prevent r eoccurrence o f s oil er osion at ex isting er osion pr one l ocations and prevent them at newer locations. 5.1.5.3 Borrow Areas and Quarries Design and Construction Phase 169. The project area is generally having a flat terrain with some portion under rolling t errain, par ticularly bet ween Machalpur-Soyat s ection. Far mers were r eady t o pr ovide ear th from their field up t o c ertain depth on adequate c ompensation based on a greements bet ween t hem and the respective contractor. 170. Borrow areas if left un-rehabilitated may pose risk to people, particularly children and animals of ac cidentally f alling i nto i t as well as bec ome potential breeding ground for mosquitoes and vector born disease. 171. Illegal q uarrying m ay lead t o uns table s oil condition; des troy t he landscape of the terrain, air and noise pollution. Opening of new quarries is not envisaged due t o t he p roposed p roject. Quarry m aterial w ill be sourced from existing nearby quarries. Mitigation Measures 172. It i s recommended t hat bor rowing from a gricultural l and s hall be minimised to the extent possible. Further, no earth shall be borrowed from already low lying areas. 57

173. Borrow pits shall be selected from barren land/wasteland to the extent possible. Borrow areas should not be located on cultivable lands except in the situations where land owners desires to level the land. The top soil shall be pr eserved and dept h s hall be restricted t o t he des ired l evel. Borrow ar eas s hould be ex cavated as per t he intended end us e by t he owner. T he I ndian R oad C ongress (IRC):10-1961 g uideline s hould be used for selection of borrow pits and amount that can be borrowed 174. The depths in borrow pits should be so regulated that the sides are not be steeper t han 25% . To the extent possible, borrow ar eas shall be sited away f rom habi ted ar eas. B orrow ar eas s hall b e l evelled w ith s alvaged material or other filling materials which do not pose contamination of soil. Else, i t s hall be c onverted i nto i ntended us e as per the requirement of land owner/community. The borrow area shall be located/ rehabilitated as per the guidelines given at Appendix 5.1 5.1.5.4 Compaction and Contamination of Soil Design and Construction Stage 175. Soil i n t he adj oining pr oductive lands beyond t he ROW, haulage r oads, and c onstruction c amp area may be c ompacted due t o movement of construction v ehicles, machineries, e quipments and due t o s iting o f construction camps and workshops. 176. Soil may get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of liquid waste, (lubricating oil and fuel spills, waste oil and lubricant and vehicle/equipment washing effluent) and solid waste (fuel filters, oily rags) likely to be generated from repair and maintenance of transport vehicles, construction equipment and machinery. Soil may get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal o f domestic solid w aste and s ewage from construction camps. Mitigation Measures 177. To prevent soil compaction in the adjoining productive lands beyond the ROW, the movement of construction vehicles, machinery and eq uipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage r oute. The productive land shall be reclaimed after construction activity. Septic tank or mobile toilets fitted with anaerobic treatment facility s hall be provided at construction camp. D omestic s olid w aste at c onstruction c amp s hall be s egregated into bio-degradable and non-biodegradable waste. The non- biodegradable and r ecyclable waste s hall be s old of f. E fforts s hall be made t hat bio-degradable waste shall be c omposted in t he m echanised and movable composter by t he c ontractor. N on bi odegradable and non saleable waste shall be disposed off to authorised land fill site. If land fill site not available then burial of the waste in a secured manner shall be ensured. 178. Fuel and lubricants shall be stored at the predefined storage location. The storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils. All efforts shall be made to minimise the waste generation. Unavoidable waste shall be stored at the designated pl ace pr ior to di sposal. To av oid s oil c ontamination at t he wash-down and re-fuelling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil

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and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled c ontainers ( Labelled: WASTE OIL; a nd haz ardous s ign b e displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized re-refiners. Operation Stage 179. No i mpact on s oil i s an ticipated dur ing ope ration phas e of the pr oject except al ong s lope lying areas and near bridge approaches w here unexpected r ainfall m ay er ode t he e mbankment formation and deterioration of borrow areas if not rehabilitated properly.

Mitigation measures 180. Erosion prone areas shall be visually checked periodically for any erosion and appr opriate c orrective ac tion s hall be t aken i f any er osion i s identified. Regular monitoring of side drains and cross drainage structures to check blockade situation. 5.1.6. Groundwater Design and Construction Stage 181. Water will be m ainly r equired for compaction of formation and dom estic purposes i n the workers c amp. T hese r equirements w ill be m ainly sourced from groundwater (approximately 400 KL per day). However, any uncontrolled abs traction c an further det eriorate the s ituation. Contamination of groundwater is not envisaged since all construction camps will have septic tanks or mobile toilets depending on the number of workers in each camp. Mitigation Measures 182. Requisite per mission s hall be obt ained f or abs traction o f groundwater from State Ground Water Board/Central Ground Water Authority. 183. The c ontractor shall make a rrangements for w ater r equired during construction in such a way that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remains unaffected depending on site specific conditions. 184. Water intensive activities shall not be undertaken during summer period to the extent feasible. 185. Provision s hall be m ade t o l ink s ide dr ains with t he near by ponds f or facilitating w ater har vesting. Where ponds ar e not available, t he w ater harvesting pi ts s hall be c onstructed as pe r t he r equirement and rainfall intensity. Operation Stage 186. No im pact is anticipated on g roundwater due t o t he pr oject dur ing operation phase, hence, no specific mitigation is proposed. 5.1.7. Siltation and Surface Water Quality of Rivers and Other Water Bodies Design and Construction Stage 187. The p roject section i s b eing c rossed by N ewaj, K ali S indh and Kanthal Rivers which ar e per ennial r ivers. H owever, s ince no new br idge 59

construction is proposed, hence, no impact is envisaged on surface water bodies i n t he pr oject s ection. Minimal impacts ar e ant icipated on new water harvesting ponds that maybe formed from borrow areas 188. Since most of the major water bodies are seasonal in nature, siltation impact due to bridge rehabilitation works will be negligible, if construction debris/other w aste ar e c leared i mmediately after c onstruction. The temporary pollution of water bodies from spillage of chemicals and oil at construction s ites an d waste f rom c onstruction c amps m ay oc cur. S oil erosion has di rect bea ring on s iltation. The s iltation l ikely t o be c aused due t o bank e rosion has al ready been addr essed abov e in s oil er osion section. 189. Accidental oil and chemicals spills can contaminate the water.

Mitigation Measure 190. Siltation Issues: Required mitigation as suggested in soil erosion section shall be t aken i nto c onsideration. Bridge r ehabilitation ac tivity i s recommended during non-monsoon (mid-September to mid-June) period. Silt fencing and/or brush barrier shall be installed for collecting sediments before letting them into the water body. Silt/sediment should be collected and stockpiled for possible reuse as surfacing of slopes where they have to be re-vegetated. Chute drains shall be provided to drain surface runoff and prevent erosion from slopes. 191. Fuel and Lubr icant S pillage I ssue: A ll eq uipment ope rators, d rivers, and warehouse personnel will be trained in immediate response for spill containment and eventual cleanup. No vehicles or equipment should be parked or refuelled near water-bodies, so as to avoid contamination from fuel and lubricants. All chemicals and oil shall be stored away from water and c oncreted pl atform w ith c atchment pi t for s pills c ollection. The emergency response procedures including reporting, preferably written in the local l anguage and simple t o under stand shall be pr ovided b y t he contractors. The slopes of embankments leading to water bodies should be m odified and r e-channelised t o pr event entry of contaminants. Large construction c amps s hall be a voided al ong t he a lignment and l ocated away from habitation and water bodies. 192. Waste Disposal Issues: All wastes arising from the construction should be di sposed i n an env ironmentally ac cepted m anner s o as not t o bl ock the flow of water in the channels. The wastes should be collected, stored and transported t o t he appr oved disposal sites. Construction l abourers shall be preferable from local population. Sewage from labour camps will be treated t hrough septic t anks. N o untreated sanitary wastewater s hall be discharged into surface water bodies. Operation Stage 193. No major or long-term impact is anticipated during the operation phase on the surface water bodies due to the project implementation activities. Oil-contaminated runoff from the road during monsoon will have minimal impacts c onsidering their low c oncentration. However, r egular v isual

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checks shall be made t o observe any incidence of blockage o f drains. Regular c hecks s hall be m ade for s oil er osion and t urfing c onditions of river training structures to ensure for its effective maintenance. 5.1.8. Hydrology and Drainage Design and Construction Stage 194. The activities involved with proposed road development will be carried out along w ith e xisting al ignment. N o new br idge i s pr oposed t o be constructed. Existing bridges/cross drainage structures are only to be improved. Diversion of w ater c hannels dur ing rehabilitation o f c ross drainage structures is not envisaged.

Mitigation Measures 195. Elaborate dr ainage s ystem s hall be pr ovided t o dr ain t he s torm w ater from the roadway and embankment and to ensure minimum disturbance to nat ural dr ainage o f surface and s ubsurface water o f the ar ea. The design o f dr ainage s ystem s uch as s urface an d s ub-surface dr ainage shall be carried out as per IRC: SP: 42 and IRC: SP: 50. Surface runoff from the main highway, embankment slopes and the service roads shall be di scharged t hrough l ongitudinal dr ains, des igned for ade quate c ross section, bed slopes, invert levels and t he outfalls. If necessary, the walls of t he dr ains s hall be d esigned t o r etain t he adj oining earth. IRC: 3 4- 1970: R ecommendations f or r oad c onstruction i n waterlogged ar ea and IRC: 75 and M OSRTH guidelines for Design of High Embankments shall be referred. 196. Provision of additional cross drainage structure shall be made in the areas w here near by l and i s s loping t owards r oad al ignment i n bot h t he both sides. Operation Stage 197. Water accumulation incidence may occur due to inadequate availability of cross drainage structure or clogging of cross drainage structures. Mitigation Measures 198. Regular r emoval/cleaning of depo sited s ilt shall be done from d rainage channels and outlet points before the monsoon season. Rejuvenation of the dr ainage system by r emoving enc roachments/ c ongestions will b e regularly conducted. 5.2. Impact on Biological Environment 5.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology 199. It is es timated that out o f 5497 about 311 trees will be cut due to the proposed road improvement work. The impact and mitigation due t o tree cutting has been discussed in following paragraphs. Design and Construction Stage 200. One m onth before t he construction s tarts, c learing and grubbing will be performed by the contractor. All trees within the ROW with 300 mm 61

diameter a t 1 m above the gr ound w ill be c ut, i ncluding t he r emoval o f stumps. All stumps and roots of trees of girth more than 33 mm at above 1 m from the ground level will be culled. 201. There ar e al together 3 11 trees l ikely t o be af fected due t o t he pr oject. Most of the roadside trees are non-fruit bearing in nature. The list of trees that will be c ut is given in Table 5.2. The cutting of trees will have minor to negligible impact on local environment. Moreover, this will be temporary since large number of trees have been planned to be planted on both sides of the road. This will improve the local climatic conditions in long term.

Table 5.2 List of Trees to be Cut Proposed Offset from Proposed Offset from Sr. Sr. Chainage Side Centreline Chainage Side Centreline No. No. (km) (m) (km) (m) to machalpur (km 0.000 to km 24 7.420 Left 4.3 78.317) 25 7.620 Left 4.8 1 0.000 Left 5.9 26 7.690 Right 7.8 2 0.000 Left 7.0 27 9.050 Left 3.7 3 0.100 Right 5.8 28 9.110 Left 7.6 4 1.100 Left 4.9 29 10.420 Left 5.3 5 1.100 Left 6.0 30 11.300 Left 7.6 6 2.170 Left 7.1 31 11.680 Right 3.0 7 2.660 Right 5.1 32 12.870 Right 3.2 8 3.730 Left 4.3 33 12.900 Right 5.2 9 4.240 Left 5.5 34 12.920 Right 6.7 10 4.410 Left 5.3 35 12.920 Left 3.5 11 5.120 Left 4.8 36 13.090 Right 5.7 12 5.340 Left 6.5 37 13.360 Right 4.9 13 5.370 Left 5.5 38 13.370 Right 5.7 14 6.230 Left 4.0 39 13.380 Left 6.1 15 6.630 Right 6.8 40 13.500 Left 5.8 16 6.660 Left 4.7 41 13.500 Right 5.5 17 6.670 Right 6.9 42 14.350 Right 7.7 18 6.700 Left 6.3 43 16.220 Left 5.8 19 6.940 Left 3.6 44 16.330 Right 6.2 20 6.990 Left 6.4 45 16.390 Right 5.9 21 7.000 Left 6.7 46 16.550 Left 4.0 22 7.010 Left 7.6 47 16.710 Left 3.6 23 7.360 Left 4.2 48 17.470 Right 3.9

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Proposed Offset from Proposed Offset from Sr. Sr. Chainage Side Centreline Chainage Side Centreline No. No. (km) (m) (km) (m) 49 17.520 Right 4.8 88 29.040 Right 5.4 50 17.580 Right 5.6 89 29.050 Left 3.9 51 17.800 Left 2.7 90 29.240 Left 4.7 52 17.800 Right 3.6 91 29.300 Right 8.0 53 17.820 Left 7.1 92 29.310 Left 4.7 54 17.820 Right 3.2 93 29.480 Left 5.5 55 18.090 Right 5.5 94 29.640 Left 6.7 56 18.100 Left 4.8 95 29.660 Right 4.4 57 18.340 Right 6.5 96 32.160 Right 7.1 58 18.410 Right 4.5 97 32.580 Right 8.0 59 19.200 Left 4.3 98 33.290 Right 8.0 60 19.450 Left 5.5 99 33.490 Left 5.1 61 19.750 Right 7.3 100 33.630 Right 5.8 62 21.060 Right 3.5 101 33.720 Left 6.0 63 22.260 Right 7.2 102 33.930 Right 5.0 64 23.110 Right 4.3 103 33.960 Left 5.8 65 23.330 Left 4.8 104 34.020 Right 3.8 66 23.400 Left 3.7 105 34.400 Right 6.1 67 23.630 Right 5.7 106 34.630 Left 7.7 68 23.730 Right 5.2 107 34.960 Right 6.3 69 23.790 Right 5.5 108 34.960 Right 5.8 70 23.840 Left 5.3 109 35.190 Right 6.9 71 23.950 Left 5.6 110 35.200 Right 6.9 72 23.950 Right 4.2 111 35.300 Right 5.0 73 23.960 Left 5.8 112 35.500 Right 7.2 74 24.450 Right 5.3 113 35.520 Right 6.6 75 25.970 Left 5.6 114 35.650 Right 4.6 76 26.100 Left 4.8 115 35.700 Right 4.6 77 26.410 Left 3.6 116 35.850 Right 3.8 78 26.410 Right 6.9 117 35.920 Right 4.6 79 26.740 Left 5.5 118 36.020 Right 5.1 80 26.750 Right 7.4 119 36.310 Left 7.0 81 26.990 Right 4.3 120 36.330 Left 3.6 82 27.470 Left 5.1 121 36.350 Left 5.7 83 28.230 Left 3.5 122 36.360 Left 6.5 84 28.410 Left 6.8 123 36.410 Left 5.1 85 28.630 Right 6.8 124 35.510 Right 4.7 86 29.010 Left 5.0 125 36.560 Right 4.8 87 29.010 Right 5.1 126 36.590 Left 7.0 63

Proposed Offset from Proposed Offset from Sr. Sr. Chainage Side Centreline Chainage Side Centreline No. No. (km) (m) (km) (m) 127 36.700 Left 6.5 166 41.590 Left 6.7 128 36.700 Right 7.2 167 41.590 Right 6.0 129 37.250 Left 7.6 168 41.690 Left 5.1 130 37.420 Left 6.1 169 41.690 Left 7.7 131 37.950 Right 7.6 170 42.130 Right 4.5 132 37.980 Right 7.1 171 42.340 Left 5.3 133 38.180 Right 4.8 172 42.400 Right 7.6 134 38.190 Left 6.2 173 42.590 Left 7.3 135 38.210 Right 5.7 174 42.900 Right 7.1 136 38.250 Left 5.0 175 43.330 Left 6.2 137 38.250 Right 4.6 176 43.820 Left 5.6 138 38.260 Right 4.8 177 44.060 Right 4.0 139 38.270 Right 5.2 178 46.300 Left 5.7 140 38.290 Left 3.4 179 47.800 Left 5.7 141 38.450 Left 4.5 180 47.950 Right 7.9 142 38.480 Left 8.0 181 48.600 Right 7.6 143 38.500 Right 7.4 182 49.630 Right 5.1 144 39.260 Left 7.4 183 51.990 Right 3.9 145 39.910 Left 4.0 184 52.100 Right 3.9 146 40.050 Left 6.1 185 53.800 Right 5.5 147 40.440 Right 5.1 186 54.050 Left 5.4 148 40.690 Left 5.7 187 54.120 Left 4.7 149 40.790 Left 4.3 188 54.200 Left 5.5 150 40.800 Left 7.2 189 54.200 Right 7.6 151 40.890 Left 4.3 190 54.210 Left 5.6 152 40.950 Left 4.8 191 54.270 Left 5.9 153 40.980 Left 7.0 192 54.310 Right 7.3 154 40.990 Left 6.9 193 54.330 Right 7.3 155 41.040 Right 5.2 194 54.370 Right 6.8 156 41.050 Right 5.9 195 54.380 Left 5.2 157 41.120 Left 5.9 196 54.410 Right 6.5 158 41.120 Left 5.9 197 54.480 Left 4.7 159 41.180 Left 5.8 198 54.700 Right 3.7 160 41.280 Left 6.6 199 56.200 Left 7.1 161 41.300 Right 5.2 200 56.510 Right 6.6 162 41.340 Left 5.7 201 56.880 Right 7.5 163 41.410 Right 4.8 202 56.940 Right 6.5 164 41.430 Left 5.1 203 56.950 Left 7.9 165 41.440 Left 5.2 204 56.980 Left 5.8

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Proposed Offset from Proposed Offset from Sr. Sr. Chainage Side Centreline Chainage Side Centreline No. No. (km) (m) (km) (m) 205 56.990 Left 6.5 244 70.790 Left 4.5 206 57.200 Right 5.6 245 72.420 Left 6.1 207 57.570 Right 6.3 246 72.440 Right 6.9 208 57.930 Right 6.3 247 72.460 Left 3.2 209 58.030 Right 6.0 248 72.530 Left 5.1 210 58.320 Right 7.5 249 74.440 Left 4.0 211 59.900 Left 7.6 250 74.500 Left 2.9 212 61.110 Right 7.1 251 74.600 Right 6.7 213 61.120 Right 7.9 252 74.600 Right 5.8 214 61.130 Right 6.4 253 74.750 Left 3.9 215 61.190 Right 7.6 254 74.760 Right 4.3 216 61.200 Right 7.5 255 75.320 Right 4.0 217 61.210 Right 7.7 256 75.390 Right 5.5 218 61.220 Right 6.4 257 75.470 Left 6.3 219 61.230 Left 6.4 258 75.500 Right 7.6 220 61.240 Left 6.4 259 75.790 Right 3.9 221 61.320 Right 6.8 260 75.800 Right 3.0 222 61.330 Right 5.1 261 75.800 Left 7.1 223 61.450 Right 6.6 262 75.810 Right 3.2 224 61.860 Right 8.0 263 75.840 Right 3.3 225 68.050 Left 4.7 264 75.900 Left 5.8 226 68.350 Left 3.8 265 75.950 Left 4.1 227 68.900 Left 2.7 266 76.080 Left 4.7 228 68.940 Left 6.8 267 76.090 Left 6.4 229 69.150 Right 4.1 268 76.100 Left 6.2 230 69.160 Right 3.4 269 76.270 Right 3.8 231 69.310 Right 5.2 270 76.290 Right 3.6 232 69.320 Left 6.3 271 76.390 Left 7.4 233 69.370 Left 5.0 272 76.450 Right 4.1 234 69.490 Right 4.9 273 73.480 Right 3.2 235 69.510 Left 4.6 274 76.800 Right 4.7 236 69.550 Right 4.9 275 76.820 Left 4.0 237 69.600 Left 7.3 276 77.050 Left 5.5 238 69.680 Right 7.0 277 77.140 Right 3.6 239 70.050 Right 4.2 278 77.160 Right 3.6 240 70.080 Left 5.6 279 77.250 Left 4.5 241 70.350 Right 6.8 280 77.350 Right 8.0 242 70.380 Right 7.2 281 77.440 Right 5.0 243 70.650 Left 4.4 282 77.450 Right 4.9 65

Proposed Offset from Sr. Chainage Side Centreline No. (km) (m) 283 77.500 Left 4.9 284 77.750 Left 4.4 285 77.760 Right 5.7 286 77.900 Right 6.9 Goghatpur to Soyat (km 0.000 to km 8.757) 287 0.000 Left 4.7 288 0.020 Right 4.5 289 0.030 Right 5.0 290 0.050 Left 4.5 291 0.110 Right 4.2 292 0.180 Right 4.5 293 0.740 Right 5.1 294 0.780 Left 8.0 295 0.820 Right 5.2 296 0.880 Left 6.9 297 0.890 Right 3.9 298 0.950 Left 7.6 299 1.010 Left 5.3 300 1.270 Right 2.5 301 1.570 Left 4.7 302 1.850 Right 5.6 303 1.870 Right 7.2 304 3.050 Left 4.0 305 3.110 Left 4.3 306 3.720 Left 3.5 307 3.800 Right 4.4 308 3.810 Left 4.7 309 3.970 Right 3.7 310 7.120 Left 7.2 311 7.450 Left 7.5

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Mitigation Measures 202. Requisite permission from forest department shall be obtained for cutting of roadside trees. 203. The project envisages plantation of approximately 2177 trees along both sides o f r oad as pe r IRC S P: 21 s pecifications as part o f pr oviding compensatory plantation as per prevailing guidelines of State’s forest department on 1:5 basis replacement rate. Besides, additional plantation on 1:2 basis shall be done on to enhance the aesthetics and check soil erosion. All tree plantations will be carried out in close consultation with forest department. 204. A range of 10-15 m centre-to-centre is recommended for spacing of trees (parallel to the road). Setback distance of trees in different situations shall be based on IRC: SP: 21 and IRC: 66. The distance between the kerb, if any, and t he near est e dge o f t ree t runk s hall be at l east 2 m. The plantation in median shall comprise shrubs whose height would normally not exceed 1-1.5 m and shall be as per IRC SP: 21. 205. For s afe t raffic oper ation, v ertical c learance be tween t he c rown o f the carriageway and l owest part of overhang of the tree available across the roadway shall conform to the standards laid down in IRC: SP: 21. The pit size, fencing, watering, and manuring requirements shall also conform to the above standard. Excess use of pesticides shall be restricted. Planting shall be such that it does not obstruct the visibility of traffic from any side and shall be pleasing in appearance. Operation Stage 206. Positive i mpacts on terrestrial ec ology ar e ex pected du ring t he pr oject operation due to the increase in vegetation and landscaping along the state highway. T he Project will coordinate with t he local communities to maintain and enhance the trees planted along the state road. ”No adverse impact is ant icipated dur ing oper ation stage except accidental dam ages or absence of proper tree management“. 207. No direct impact is ant icipated dur ing oper ation stage except accidental damages or absence of proper tree management. Mitigation Measures 208. Arrangement shall be made to ensure survivability of the tree plantation. The S ocial For est D epartment or D ivisional F orest O ffices s hall be consulted or involved in this programme. The tree survivability audit shall also be conducted at least once in a year to assess the effectiveness of the programme. 5.2.2. Aquatic Ecology Design and Construction Stage 209. Large scale/organised fishing was not observed in the rivers/water bodies of the project area. All water bodies are seasonal in nature 67

210. Improvement o f ex isting em bankments par ticularly al ong t he w aterways will increase s ilt while a ccidental s pill o f m aterials, c hemicals, a nd fuels will deteriorate receiving water quality. Mitigation Measures 211. Siltation shall be avoided by measures suggested in Para 170. Operation Stage 212. No impact is envisaged during operation phase of the project and henc e no mitigation proposed. However, periodic surveillance shall be conducted to check erosion and siltation in major water bodies. 5.2.3. Fauna Design and Construction Stage 213. Movement of herbivores like Cattle, Goats, Cows, Bulls etc., have been observed in the project section. Mitigation measures 214. Disturbance to these animals will be avoided to the extent possible by restricting t he c onstruction t ime from 6 am – 6 pm . N o food and w aste littering will be ensured to disturb their natural habitat. 215. All precautions will be taken to minimise noise in these areas. Operation Stage 216. Movement of herbivores like Cattle, Goats, Cows, Bulls. Mitigation measures 217. Disturbance t o t hese animals will be a voided t o t he extent possible. No food and waste littering will be ensured to disturb their natural habitat. 218. All precautions will be taken to minimise noise in these areas. 5.3. Management of Construction Debris/Waste 219. Quarry dust and unused iron bars or damaged support structures constitute significant wastes. Mitigation for solid waste from construction camp has been given in construction camp section. Mitigation measures 220. The ex isting bi tumen s urface c an be ut ilized f or pav ing of c rossroads, access roads, and paving works in construction sites and camps, temporary traffic diversions, haulage routes etc. 221. All excavated materials from r oadway, s houlders, verges, drains, cross drainage w ill be us ed for ba ckfilling e mbankments, f illing pits, a nd landscaping. 222. Unusable debr is m aterial s hould be s uitably di sposed o ff at pr e- designated di sposal l ocations, with appr oval of the c oncerned authority. The bi tuminous wastes shall be d isposed i n s ecure l andfill s ites onl y in environmentally accepted manner. For removal of debris, wastes and its disposal MOSRTH guidelines should be followed.

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223. Unusable and s urplus materials, as determined by the Project Engineer, will be removed and disposed off-site. 224. The l ocations o f dum ping s ites s hould be selected w ith f ollowing considerations. 225. Unproductive/wastelands shall be selected for dumping sites. 226. Away from residential areas and l ocated at least 1000 m downwind side of these locations, 227. Dumping sites do not contaminate any water sources, rivers etc, and 228. Dumping sites hav e ad equate c apacity e qual t o t he a mount o f deb ris generated. 229. Public per ception and c onsent from the v illage P anchayats about t he location of debris disposal site has to be obtained before finalizing the location. 230. Form works will be re-used to the extent possible, more than 20 times as dictated by good practice. All stripped formworks will be examined for any damage and rectified in the workshop for re-use. Rectification includes plugging holes, and straightening bent steel props. 5.4. Socio-Economic Impact 231. Assessment of project impact on socio-economic conditions point to the conclusions that positive benefits are many fold compared to its adverse impact. 5.4.1. Positive Impacts 232. Road-side ec onomic ac tivities w ill increase due t o i ncreased nu mber of vehicle us ing t he r oad. E conomic ac tivities s upporting transport l ike gasoline stations, aut omotive r epair shops, lodging, and r estaurants are expected to increase. Increase agro-industrial activities are also expected to take advantage of improved access to urban centres where there are higher demands and better prices for agricultural products. Other generic benefits of such projects are (i) Reduction in travel time (ii) better mode and f requency of transport ( iii) access t o q uality heath care f acilities, educational and other infrastructural facilities (iv) enhanc ed tourism activities i n t he area and s tate which i n m any t erms will boos t the l ocal economy (v) bet ter investment c limate for industries creating more employment opportunities to local people. 5.4.2. Anticipated Negative Impacts 233. Minor losses like problems in accessibility and community linkage, health and s afety dur ing and a fter construction, an d t emporary c hange i n demographic configuration are mitigable with minor to negligible residual impacts. 5.4.2.1 Impacts due to Construction Camp and Immigration of Workers 234. Poor siting and i mproper management of construction camp may lead to several adverse impacts on en vironment viz. (i) loss of vegetation due to use of wood as fuel source for cooking (ii) deterioration in nearby surface water bodi es’ q uality ( iii) c ompaction and c ontamination o f s oil due t o 69

uncontrolled disposal of s olid waste ( iv) Poor s anitation m ay r esult t o transmission of communicable diseases among the workers and the host communities. T his i nclude t he pos sible s pread o f s exually t ransmitted disease, diseases from improper handling and supply of foodstuffs, poor water supply, insect-borne diseases, and alcoholic and drug. Mitigation measures 235. Construction camp shall be sited at such locations so as to utilise the existing infrastructure. No productive land should be utilised for construction c amp. A ll s ites m ust be gr aded, di tched and r endered free from depressions to avoid water stagnation and necessary provisions for adequate drainage must be made. Accommodation and ancillary facilities including recreational facility for workers shall be erected and maintained to standards and scales approved by the resident eng ineer. All c amps should m aintain minimum di stance o f 500 m f rom habitation and water bodies. 236. All construction camps shall be provided with sanitary latrines and urinals with provision of septic tanks attached with soak pits. Storm water drains shall be provided for the flow of used water outside the camp. Drains and ditches s hall be treated w ith bl eaching pow der on a r egular bas is. Garbage bi ns must be provided i n t he c amp and r egularly em ptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner. The possibility of using LPG cylinders as fuel source for cooking to avoid any tree cutting should be explored. 237. At every workplace, the Contactor will ensure, in collaboration with local health aut horities t hat a r eadily a vailable f irst-aid uni t i ncluding an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances shall be provided. W orkplaces remote and far aw ay f rom r egular hos pitals shall have indoor health units with one bed for every 250 workers. 238. The Contractor will ensure the good health and hygiene of all workers to prevent sickness and epidemics. These include the HIV/AIDS prevention program to reduce the risk and transfer of HIV virus between and among the workers and community, promote early diagnosis and as sist affected individuals. A ctivities u nder t he p rogram i nclude m onthly i nformation, education, and c onsultation c ommunication c ampaigns t o w orkers, drivers, delivery crew, and communities on the risk, dangers, and impacts of STD and HIV/AIDS. 239. The C ontractor w ill ens ure t hat sufficient supply of s uitable and hygienically prepared food at reasonable price is available to the workers. 240. The Contractor will provide adequate and safe water supply for the use of the workers. 241. The Contractor will ensure that all precautions to protect the workers from insect and pest to r educe t he risk t o heal th. This i ncludes t he us e of insecticides which should comply with local regulations. 242. No alcoholic liquor or prohibited drugs will be i mported to, sell, give, and barter to the workers of host community. 243. Migrant workers may be the potential carriers of various diseases. Local community may get exposed to the diseases carried by migrant workers.

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Regular health check-up and immunization camps shall also be organized for the workers and nearby population. 5.4.2.2 Safety of Construction Workers and Accident Risk to Local Community Design and Construction Stage 244. The following s afety as pects v iz. ( i) s afety o f construction w orkers, (ii) safety of road users including pedestrians and cyclists (iii) safety to cattle; (iv) safety of local community (iv) unsafe/ hazardous traffic conditions due to c onstruction v ehicle movement n eed to be c onsidered dur ing de sign and construction stage and (v) conduct of safety audit. Mitigation measures 245. During the construction phase, contractors shall be required to adopt and maintain safe working practices. Internationally accepted and widely used safety procedures should be followed during (i) road works (ii) handling of large construction equipment and machineries, (iii) handling of chemicals and haz ardous m aterials and i nflammable s ubstances (iii) w elding ( iv) electrical works etc. A set of mitigation measures for construction workers have been provided in EMP matrix table. 246. Contractor s hall arrange all PPEs f or workers, first-aid and f ire f ighting equipments at c onstruction s ites. A n em ergency pl an s hall be pr epared duly approved by engineer in charge to respond to any instance of safety hazard. The contractor will be required to appoint an Accident Prevention Officer (APO) who will conduct regular safety inspections at construction sites. The APO will have the authority to issue instructions and take protective measures to prevent accidents. 247. The pa rtial c ontrol on access for the p roject road s hall be ac hieved through measures like service road with physical separation for local traffic, i ntersections, a cceleration/deceleration l anes, v ehicular and pedestrian underpasses, median openings with shelter lane. 248. Grade s eparated i ntersections/junctions s hall be pr ovided at al l m ajor intersections in consistent to IRC: 92 249. Pedestrian/cyclist and c attle passageways s hall be pr ovided near identified l ocations. These facilities s hall be pl anned i n ac cordance with the relevant provisions contained i n IRC-11, IRC-17 and IRC-103. T he crossing facilities c an be des igned ei ther i n c onjunction w ith g rade intersections or through underpasses. 250. To av oid di sruption of the ex isting t raffic due to c onstruction a ctivities, comprehensive t raffic m anagement pl an s hall be dr awn up by t he concessionaire. Traffic in construction zones shall be managed as per the provisions of IRC SP 55. 251. After construction is completed in a particular zone, it shall be opened f or normal oper ation. A ll di versions/access r oads should be c losed bef ore start of normal operation. 252. Use of retro-reflectorized traffic signs, and cantilever/gantry types overhead signs, thermoplastic road marking paints, delineators, traffic cones, e mpty bi tumen drums, ba rricades, and flagmen w ill be us ed t o 71

ensure traffic management and safety. Conduct of regular safety audit on safety m easures adopt ed dur ing c onstruction. T he audi t w ill c over manpower and t heir safety, machinery, temporary works, equipment and vehicles, m aterials s torage and handl ing, c onstruction pr ocedures, environment, site safety guidelines, and miscellaneous services. Operation phase 253. Important issues related w ith s afety dur ing operational phas e are monitoring of emergencies and establishing procedures to carry out rescues du ring s udden disasters s uch a s floods, fires e specially near habited areas. Mitigation Measures 254. It is proposed to explore the feasibility of providing the following facilities:

o Highway patrol uni t(s) for round the clock patrolling to pr ovide assistance to t he us ers i n c ase o f any need, m onitor the travel conditions t o pr ovide i nformation to the control s ection and to undertake immediate measures for managing the traffic flow in case of any incident.

o Phone boot hs for ac cidental r eporting and a mbulance s ervices with minimum response time for rescue of any accident victims.

o Tow-away facility for the break down vehicles. 255. MPRDC may also explore the possibility of coordination with operating agency of intersecting National Highways to have common facilities and share the costs as appropriate. 5.4.3. Obstruction and Disruption of Traffic Construction Phase 256. Disruption o f ac cess to i nfrastructure o r s ocial r esource due t o construction activity will cause nuisance and to a certain extent additional cost t o the publ ic i n t erms o f l onger travel per iod due t o di version or heavier traffic. It will also pose risk of accident to motorist at night if these blockages and disruption are not clearly demarcated. Mitigation Measures 257. The contractor will submit a Traffic Plan to the Project Engineer at least two w eeks before the c onstruction s tarts that w ill r esult t o obs truction. The pl an w ill include a drawing o f t emporary di versions and det ails o f arrangement. It will al so i nclude pl an f or t ransportation of r aw m aterials like quarry, sand etc. A section of the Traffic Plan will be a Control Plan that details how the safety of the pedestrians and workers and delineation of t he r oadway at ni ght. T his plan w ill r ecommend f or appr oval of s afe and convenient temporary diversion of traffic during construction, design of barricades, delineators, signs, markings, lights, and flagmen, among others. 258. Paved shoulder will be provided on one side of the existing road by the contractor with the following minimum requirements: • At least one 3.5 m lane to remain to traffic at all times

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• The s urface us ed by t he t hrough traffic w ill be firm bi tuminous compacted surface free of defect • The m aximum c ontinuous l ength ov er w hich c onstruction under traffic may take place is limited to 750 meters. • Construction ac tivity will be r estricted t o onl y one s ide o f t he existing road. 259. On stretches where it is not possible to pass the traffic on t he part width of existing carriageway, temporary paved diversions will be constructed. These pav ed di versions w ill c omply with s tandards on junctions and temporary cross drainage. 260. Transportation of quarry material to the construction sites through heavy vehicles s hall be done t hrough ex isting major r oads to t he ex tent possible. This will restrict wear and tear to the village/minor roads. Small vehicles/un-motorised v ehicle c an al so be us ed for i ts further transportation to the construction sites from temporary storage areas. 5.4.4. Transportation and Storage of Materials 261. The c onstruction m aterial pr imarily will c onsist o ff a ggregate, s and, cement, bi tumen, l ubricating oi l and fuel for v ehicle and c onstruction equipments. These will be stored temporarily at construction camps. Oils, fuels and c hemicals w ill be s tored on concreted pl atform w ith s pill collection pits w hile c ement w ill be s tored under c over. A ll t hese temporary s torage ar eas will be located at least 150 m aw ay from the habitat areas. T he l ikely i mpacts due t o t ransportation and s torage including fugitive emission hav e al ready been covered under di fferent section above. 5.4.4.1 Impact on Land and Private Properties 262. The assessment made by t he resettlement expert shall be r eferred for exact loss of private properties and measures to compensate such losses. Environmental screening of resettlement sites, if required for the project, shall be carried out. Besides monetary compensation for any loss of private trees, compensatory afforestation and extensive plantation has been incorporated in the EMP to have long-term environmental benefits. 263. Income restoration measures/livelihood options for vulnerable group/resource poor sections and ot her affected pe rsons as recommended by social de velopment/resettlement expert shall be implemented. 5.4.4.2 Impact on Common Property Resources 264. There ar e v arious t ypes o f c ommunity s tructures/ facilities/utilities al ong the pr oposed al ignment. Geometric adj ustments hav e been made t o minimize the loss to any such facilities. Any such structures even falling within ROW but out of required formation width shall be s aved. Alternate access has to be p rovided to these structures during construction stage. No community s tructures ar e l ikely t o be di smantled/relocated. The impact on other community properties has been provided at Table 5.2. 73

Table 5.3 : List of Common Property Resources Along the Alignment

Side Offset from edge of S. No. Chainage (km) Feature road (m) Pachor to Machalpur 1 3.400 Temple Left 22 2 3.400 School Right 18 3 6.000 Bus shelter Left 4 4 7.600 Bus shelter Left 8 5 10.000 Bus shelter Right 9 6 13.800 Temple Right 3 7 14.200 Temple Right 6 8 14.600 Petrol Pump Right 12 9 14.700 Temple Left 11 10 15.800 Temple Right 10 11 16.300 Bus shelter Right 10 12 18.300 Petrol Pump Left 24 13 21.800 Bus shelter Right 3 14 27.100 Temple Left 8 15 30.200 Bus shelter Left 10 16 32.300 Temple Left 13 17 36.200 Petrol Pump Right 6 18 37.200 Bus shelter Left 4 19 38.200 School Left 19 20 38.300 Bus shelter Left 7 21 38.600 Petrol Pump Right 20 22 41.550 School Left 6 23 41.700 Temple Left 21 24 45.600 Petrol Pump Right 16 25 45.700 Bus shelter Left 9 26 45.700 Temple Left 12 27 47.400 Bus shelter Left 4 28 48.600 Petrol Pump Right 6 29 49.200 Temple Left 36 30 49.200 Temple Right 4 31 51.400 Temple Right 9 32 52.000 Health Clinic Left 36 33 52.000 Bus shelter Left 6 34 52.100 Petrol Pump Left 11 35 53.350 School Left 15 36 54.900 Temple Left 10 37 55.200 School Left 24 38 55.300 Temple Right 13 39 55.600 Mosque Left 10 40 56.000 Petrol Pump Left 10 41 56.000 Bank Right 3 42 56.400 Temple Left 16 43 56.800 School Right 12

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Side Offset from edge of S. No. Chainage (km) Feature road (m) 44 57.000 Petrol Pump Left 11 45 59.350 Temple Right 15 46 60.000 School Right 7 47 60.800 Temple Left 8 48 65.000 Bus shelter Left 17 49 66.000 Check Post Right 15 50 67.800 Petrol Pump Right 22 51 68.800 School Left 14 52 69.500 School Right 11 Machalpur to Rajasthan border 1 2.600 School Left 13 2 2.750 Temple Left 8 3 4.700 Temple Right 10 4 5.200 Temple Right 2 5 8.200 Temple Right 5 6 9.800 Temple Left Goghatpur to Soyat 1 8.950 Hospital Right 14 Source: DPR 5.5. Cumulative and Induced Impact 265. Cumulative I mpact: The ar ea al ong the p resent r oad s ections S H-51 i s developing. The road already exists and proposed project will facilitate the pac e o f dev elopment. S ome o f t he c umulative impacts w ill be deterioration i n t he ai r and noi se q uality es pecially at t he c ongested locations like Khujner, Chapikheda, Dhanoda, Zirapur, Goghatpur etc. due t o i ncreased t raffic. T he anc illary d evelopment a ctivity due t o t he improved road c onditions will f urther put p ressure on ag ricultural lands and vegetated areas such as Pachor, Kalvakhedi, Sandavta, Dhatuniya. However, these activities will be slow and impacts are expected to be minimal. 266. The project is expected to improve long time water flooding, soil erosion conditions especially near Kalisindh, Newaj and Kanthal Rivers and other rolling t errain a reas du e t o a dditional c ulverts and ov er-toppings. Th e higher am ount o f c ompensatory a fforestation ( 1:7) w ill i ncrease t he aesthetics along the ROW and help in bringing the positive impact on the sourroundings. The i mproved ac cessibility will also r esult i n i ncreased industrial and c ommercial de velopments es pecially near D hanoda, Zirapur, Khujner, G oghatpur e tc. The ne t i mpacts a re ex pected to b e more positive. 267. Induced Impact - The induced impact from the project will be m ainly due to t he related dev elopmental ac tivities and i mproved i nfrastructural development l ike bui lding c onstruction and c ommercial es tablishment. This i s l ikely t o r esult i n net pos itive i mpact due t o ov erall s ocial development

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6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 6.1. Consultation Method and Information Disclosed 268. Consultations w ere hel d dur ing di fferent s tages o f t he preparation o f IEE. To address the key environmental issues, consultations at various levels with local people and government departments were conducted to arrive at s ocially and t echnically ac cepted s olutions. A comprehensive consultation with all stakeholders was conducted at the project section. 269. Stakeholder’s consultations were held with the intent to understand their concerns, apprehensions, overall opinion and s olicit recommendations to improve project design. Informal meetings, interviews were organized covering t he ent ire pr oject s tretch. The i nformal c onsultation generally started w ith ex plaining t he s ub pr ojects, followed by an e xplanation t o potential impacts. Participant’s views were gathered with regard to loss of agricultural l and, effect on air and noise quality of the area due to traffic, water availability, accident and risk. 270. The di scussions w ere d esigned t o receive m aximum i nputs from t he participants regarding their ac ceptability and env ironmental c oncerns arising out o f t he s ub-project. T hey were given t he br ief out line o f t he project to which their opinion was sought. Suggestions were also sought for mitigating any potential adverse impact. 6.2. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements 271. In India, public consultation is mandatory in case of Category A and B1 category projects6 in select conditions. Being a category B project as per ADB SPS 2009, consultation was carried out dur ing the ear ly stage of IEE report preparation. The requirement of public consultation during the implementation of the project has been proposed as part of the mitigation plan. 272. Public c onsultation w as under taken c onsistent w ith t he A DB requirements. All the five principles of information dissemination, information solicitation, integration, co-ordination and engagement i nto dialogue were incorporated in the consultation process. A framework of different environmental impacts likely from the project was strengthened and modified based on opinions of all those consulted, especially in the micro l evel b y s etting up dialogues w ith t he v illage peopl e f rom whom information on site facts and prevailing conditions were collected.

6 As per schedule I of EIA notification number S.O. 1533, dated 14th September 2006. This notification also defines when a public consultation is mandatory.

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6.2.1. Consultation with Executing Agency 273. Officials of executing agency provided technical information’s about the project. All issues related to effective implementation of EMP, grievance redress m echanism, various c learances/consent and pe rmission required pr ior t o and dur ing implementation were discussed. Mr. Vivek Agarwal and Mr. P.K. Chaturvedi, Managing Director and Deputy General M anager o f M adhya P radesh R oad D evelopment C orporation (MPRDC), expressed their organization’s commitment to implement the project i n env ironmentally s ustainable way and as per the applicable laws/regulations/guidelines and safeguard requirements of ADB and the country. They also shared about lessons learnt from ongoing project. 6.2.2. Consultation with other Government Departments 274. All r elevant g overnment depar tments/agencies i ncluding forest and wildlife, fisheries, pollution control board, water resources, and DRDA were c onsulted f or c ollection of av ailable i nformation t heir v iews/ comments and suggestions about the project. 275. The list of government officials contacted, along with purpose/objective has been summarised in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 : Summary of Consultation held with various Government Departments S. Name of Official Department Issue discussed No. Consulted PCCF (Working Plan), Status of forest in state, Impacts on 1. Mr. Dubey Forest D epartment, forest, mitigation options, Satpura Bhavan, Bhopal Environmental friendly forest activities Sr. Scientist, Environmental Issues in the state, legal Madhya P radesh framework of MoE F and r evised E IA 2. Dr. Rita Kauri Pollution Control Board notification 2006, a pplicable p ermits & Paryavaran B havan, clearances, Impacts of proposed project Bhopal on environment, Scientist, Environmental Issues in the state, legal Madhya P radesh framework of MoE F and r evised E IA 3. Dr. Abhay Saxena Pollution Control Board notification 2006, a pplicable p ermits & Paryavaran B havan, clearances, Impacts of proposed project Bhopal on environment, Environmental qua lity i n the state and Superintending Engineer major urban centres. Capacity of Mr. Rajesh Madhya P radesh pollution control board in environmental 4. Srivastava Pollution Control Board management and m onitoring Paryavaran B havan, requirements of S PCB in t he pr oposed Bhopal project.

Dy. Conservator of Status of forest in state, Impacts on 5. Mr. S. P. Sharma Forest, F orest forest, mitigation options, Department, Bhopal Environmental friendly forest activities 77

S. Name of Official Department Issue discussed No. Consulted Conditions of r oad net work i n s tate, scope of road improvement, Managing Director, 6. Mr. Vivek Aggarwal environmental issues r elated with r oad MPRDC, Bhopal improvement, capacity enhancement of MPRDC, future plans Conditions of r oad net work i n s tate, DGM (Enviornment), scope of road improvement, 7. Mr. Alok Chaturvedi MPRDC, Bhopal environmental issues r elated with r oad improvement Conditions of r oad net work i n s tate, scope of road improvement, Mr. Piyush K. environmental issues r elated with r oad 8 DGM, MPRDC, Bhopal Chaturvedi improvement, i mplementation s chedule of various activities, organizational setting of MPRDC, Sitaram Chaubey, Status of forests along the project road, Forest Guards, Range Shantanu Ghosh, presence of f lora and f auna s pecies i n 9. officers, l ocal c ommunity Premsingh – the f orests, f orest boun daries and road leaders community leaders encroachments

6.2.3. Consultation with NGOs 276. All t he N GOs welcome t he pr oject. T hey ex press c oncern ov er afforestation programme. NGOs also demand to pay attention for survival rate o f the t rees. A wareness c amp am ong t he peopl e r egarding road safety is also suggested. The outcome of consultation with NGOs is summarised below in Table 6.2.

Table 6.2 : Summary of Consultation with NGOs Name of NGOs Contact Remarks Person BYPASS - Bhopal Y uwa Mr. Akhilesh • Welcomed the project Paryavaran Shikshan Singh Yadav • Raised concerns about the impact on and Samajik Sansthan reserve forests through the project stretch Chunabhatti, • Expressed his concern about use of fodder Bhopal,M.P.-16 from t he f orest bei ng us ed dur ing construction phase • Suggested m inimal t ree c utting an d proportional afforestation Ecosake Society for Mr. Kinshuk • Welcomed the project Environment Tiwary • Expressed hi s d esire that a dequate Conservation and Social compensation s hould b e provided, as per Awareness the l atest R &R policy, to t he pe ople Bhopal-16 affected from this project • Desired m inimal i mpacts on f orest an d other m ineral resources in the region f rom the project • Desired i nvolvement of Loc al s killed a nd unskilled labour dur ing c onstruction activities Green Hurt Nature Club Jai Sharma • Welcomed the project M.P. Nagar, Bhopal-11 • Emphasized the need of plantation of local

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tree species for the roadside plantations. • Raised his c oncerns on t he l and filing/borrow ac tivity s uggested abo ut prevention of top soil • Desired the need of awareness/ training program for t he c ontractors and l abourers to educate them for environmental issues. Forum for Environmental Dr. R. Mathur • Welcomed the project Protection • Expressed h is c oncern r egarding water Gwalior - 474011 logging problem during construction phase at many places. • Raised h is c oncerns a bout h ealth and safety s chemes to be pr ovided t o construction labours es pecially d uring monsoon period. • Emphasized on the need of identification of sites f or di sposal of c onstruction d ebris before the start of civil works. • Wanted ba nning of o ld vehicles on t hese roads b y G overnment t o reduce t he pollution. Energy Environment and Ajit Kumar • Welcomed the project Development Group Saxena • Raised h is c oncerns a bout t he pr oblem of R-12, II Floor electricity and its r ole i n num ber of Above Central Color Lab accidents that occurred on this road due to Bhopal - 462003 it. • Enquired a bout t he compensation to be provided to the displaced/affected people. Centre for Envirocare Mahendra • Welcomed the project and Energy Technology Kumar Shukla • Expressed h is c oncerns about t he c utting E-7/466 Arera Colony of trees and stressed the need for their Bhopal - 462016 rehabilitation and afforestation. Madhya Pradesh • Suggested the need of increasing the awareness am ong c ontractors, l abourers and villagers.

6.3. Beneficiaries’ Comments 277. The p roject has i mmense ac ceptability am ong the l ocal peopl e. They perceived that in addition to providing all weather connectivity, the sub- project road will bring positive socio-economic changes in the area. Local peopl e m ainly di scussed on i ssues related t o rehabilitation and resettlement and proper vigilance of construction work. They suggested minimising ac quisition of a gricultural l and as m uch as pos sible s ince livelihood of the people is principally dependent on agriculture. 278. Other common demands included issues related with increase in traffic due to improved road conditions The list of participants, their views, and outcome of the consultations have been summarised in Table 6.3.

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Table 6.3 : Consultation with local community S. No. Village Name of Participant Issues and Outcomes 1. Khujner Radheyshyam Nagar . Welcomed the project (teacher) . Complained about the bad road conditions especially Boondi lal (farmer) due to which many accidents take place (about 10-11 Bal Krishna (labour) in a month). Kanhaiya lal (tea shop) . Expressed t heir c oncern on t he s afety aspect i n t he Radhey shyam tyagi post-project scenario. (student) . Concerned ab out land ac quisition and c ompensation Vijay singh baghel to the affected people. (constable) . Electricity problem is also acute Mahesh (villager) . No fishery activity reported by the villagers . Informed about use of f ertilizers a nd p esticides f or agricultural activities . Informed about the problem of drinking water which is obtained from tanker. . Informed about the frequent movement of animals like deer and peacock on the road during night time. . Informed that drainage of the road is poor. Rainwater is drained in sewer. 2. Goghatp Hari singh (farmer) . Welcomed the project ur Nathuram (labour) . Complained about the bad road conditions especially Chanchal chaudhary due to which many accidents take place (about 6-7 in (villager) a month). Swagat gupta (vendor) . Interested t o k now s pecific c ompensation f or t he Naunihal singh (farmer) affected persons. Rajesh kumar (student) . Least concerned about tree cuttings Pinku chaubey . Problem of dust was also mentioned by some (villager) villagers. Ashish Yadav (farmer) . Problem of electricity in the village. . Informed abo ut t he groundwater availability which i s obtained at about m ore t han 150 f eet below t he ground.

Plate 1: Discussion with local people at Khujner

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7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND GRIEVANCE REDDRESS MECHANISM 7.1. Environmental Management Plan 1. The E nvironmental M anagement P lan ( EMP) i s pr epared t o facilitate effective i mplementation o f r ecommended mitigations measures w ith defined r oles and r esponsibility, r egulatory c ompliance r equirements, stages o f i mplementation w ith l ocation, t ime f rame and c osts. The mitigation measures are proposed to eliminate or minimise the identified impact associated with design, construction and oper ation stages of t he project, to acceptable level by adopting the most feasible options. 2. The EMP consists of action plans for (i) implementation of recommended mitigation measures, (ii) environment quality monitoring during construction and operation stage to assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures pr oposed, an d ( iii) i nstitutional c apacity bui lding and t raining. The EMP is detailed at Appendix 7.1.

7.1.1. Social D evelopment and I ndigenous P eople D evelopment P rogram (IPDP) 3. A s eparate S ocial I mpact A ssessment s tudy i s under taken and s ocial development programme is addressed as per this study. The involuntary resettlement issue is also addressed under separate study. However, the correlated i ssues l ike safety o f habi tats and w orkers, pr otection of common phy sical c ultural r esources, s afe pa ssage o f habi tats ar e addressed under environmental assessment and mitigation plan. 4. Since there is no indigenous population likely to be affected in the project area, IPDP i s no t env isaged. This has t o be c onfirmed bas ed on t he social assessment.

7.1.2. Emergency Response Plan 5. Assessment of nature, type and ex tent o f project activities establishes that accidents on paved roads and c onsequent spillage can be t he more frequent em ergency. O ther s ituation i ncludes r oad ov ertopping due t o heavy f lood. I t i s s uggested to dev elop a c ommunication and r esponse system t o minimize t he response time. The project authorities shall be prepared to counteract against such emergency either by developing in- house capabilities or by associating with any competent agency. 7.2. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) 6. The env ironmental m onitoring p rogramme i s pr epared w ith the aim t o monitor the env ironmental per formance o f env ironmental m anagement plan. The EMOP is planned with the focus on following objectives: • To the assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed • To as sess t he c hange in env ironmental quality dur ing c onstruction and operation stage with respect to before the project scenario. • To assess compliance to regulatory requirements 81

• To monitor the status of c orrective ac tion taken in c ase of deviation from the planned measures or regulatory requirements. This will be used as performance indicators for the project. A monitoring plan defining the parameters to be monitored, with sampling locations, frequency o f measurements, c ost and responsibility f or v arious component of env ironment i s prepared for al l s tages o f pr oject and provided as Appendix 7.2.

7.2.1. Monitoring schedule and performance indicator 7. The monitoring schedule has been developed based on the possible occurrence of adverse impacts and required mitigation actions. However, this schedule is subject to change depending on the analysis results obtained. The performance indicators and protocol for changing the monitoring schedule is given below. 7.2.1.1.1 Tree Plantation 8. The 75% s urvival r ate o f r e-plantation s hall be m onitored on t he first year of t he ope ration p hase. I f the s urvival r ate i s f ound bel ow 75%, necessary m easures w ill be t aken t o i ncrease the survival r ate and monitoring shall be ag ain taken up on the third year of operation. This cycle should continue until the 75% survival rate is achieved. 7.2.1.1.2 Soil Erosion and Drainage Congestion 9. No s ignificant s oil er osion pr oblem i s ant icipated due t o t he p roject either in the construction phase or in the operation phase. However, in the c onstruction phas e, s ome l ocalised s oil er osion m ay be not iced owing t o c onstruction ac tivities. H owever, i f soil er osion i s not iced during construction and operation phase, the corrective action shall be initiated and frequency of check be increased to assess the tendency of occurrence. 10. The cross dr ainage structure shall be free from s iltation. V isual c heck shall be m ade periodically to identify any drainage congestion or water logging along the road. Appropriate corrective action shall be taken to clear the congestion and prevent reoccurrence. 7.2.1.1.3 Air and Noise Quality 11. Due t o t he variability of t he c onstruction activities, nam ely c hanges i n batch composition, type of construction activity and other anthropogenic influences, the ambient air quality of the project area may change. If the air quality with respect to any parameter exceeds by more than 25% of its last monitored value, the monitoring frequency shall be doubled and cause of the increase investigated. If the construction activities are found to be the reason for this increase, suitable measures should be adopted. 12. Similarly, due to the variability in traffic movement, namely changes in traffic volume, traffic compositions and ot her anthropogenic influences, the noi se q uality i n t he pr oject ar ea i s l ikely t o c hange. I f t he noi se quality ex ceeds by 20 % o f the appl icable am bient noi se quality standard or 10% of i ts last m onitored value, t he m onitoring f requency

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shall be increased and the cause of the increase investigated. If the construction activities are found to be the reason for this increase, suitable measures should be adopted. 7.2.1.1.4 Water Quality 13. No significant change in water q uality is per ceived due t o t he pr oject in the operation phase. However, in the construction phase, the monitored values f or pH , B OD, C OD, TDS, D O and O il & G rease might change owing to construction activities. Hence, it is suggested that if the monitored v alue f or any w ater quality par ameter ex ceeds by m ore than 20% o f i ts l ast m onitored s tatus t he monitoring frequency s hall be increased.

7.2.2. Authorities and their Responsibilities for Implementation of EMoP 14. The most essential component of the Environment Monitoring Plan is the execution of the Plan in accordance with the monitoring schedule provided therein. The field officer concerned at PIU will be responsible for timely monitoring of various parameters and compliance with the mitigative m easure pr oposed. H e c an ex ecute t his t ask t hrough supervision c onsultant. A r esultant dat abase i s pr oposed t o b e maintained. A Management Information System (MIS) is also put in place for effective flow of information between various levels and functions within the MPRDC. 15. The monitoring reports shall be sent to Sr. Manager (Environment & Social) at head office with copy to Divisional Officer. 7.3. Institutional Setting and Proposed Implementation Arrangement 16. M. P. State Road Development Corporation (MPRDC) is responsible for the dev elopment o f s tate roads. M PRDC has s et up di visional of fices which act as Project Implementation Unit (PIU). Each PIU is headed by Divisional of ficer w ho i s s upported by various e ngineers (field o fficers). These field officers also have the responsibility to comply with various regulatory per mitting and c ompliance m onitoring r equirement. A Sr Manager ( Environment & Social) i s posted at H ead Q uarter who is responsible for ov erall env ironment and s ocial m anagement o f sub projects. H e r eports t o Dy G eneral M anager w ho i s r esponsible f or t he implementation o f M PSRP_II and c o-ordinate with A DB t o monitor al l environmental requirements of this subproject. 17. For s ubproject pl anning and i mplementation, P roject I mplementation Unit/s (PIUs) are established. This is headed by Divisional Officer and supported by Fi eld o fficers. It i s pr oposed t o d esignate one o f t he field officers w ith addi tional r esponsibility of env ironment and s ocial management. This officer shall be given adequate training for effective environmental m anagement and m onitoring. The designated field officer will be r esponsible f or i mplementation and monitoring o f E MP. Fi eld Officer will monitor the compliance directly or with the help of supervision consultant. SQC will also supervise the contractor for complying the EMP requirements, monitoring requirements and obtaining the required permits. Divisional officer will be overall responsible for ensuring effective 83

implementation of EMP at PIU level who will ensure it through field officer and S QC. F ield o fficer will b e f ully r esponsible f or oper ation s tage monitoring. 18. The EMP will be i ncluded in the construction contract and t he contractor will be r esponsible f or i ts i mplementation. MPRDC will m onitor t he implementation of these m itigation measures by t he contractors t hrough Sr M anager E nvironment, Fi eld O fficers at P IU and S QC. T he f ield officers at P IU l evel w ill be r esponsible for compliance m onitoring an d periodic reporting to divisional officer and Sr. Manager Environment at Head office. 19. The roles and duties of various agencies responsible for monitoring have been out lined i n Table 7. 1. The flow di agram d epicting the i nstitutional arrangement for i mplementation E MP and E MoP has been g iven as Figure 7.1. Table 7.1 : Roles and Duties of Implementing Agency/Organisations HQ MPRDC Contractor PIU Supervision Consultant • Obtain s tatutory • Obtain per mits as • Joint verification to • Assist and ad vise t he clearances r equired required during be c arried o ut by PIU in matters relating during pre-construction construction stage HQ, P IU, S C to en vironment and stage Contractor Env. social matters. • Joint V erification Manager. • overall project Exercise i ncluding, • Compliance r eporting coordination a nd PMU C MU, SC f or • Overall Supervision to EMP and clearance management t hrough review of EMP of i mplementation of conditions PIU supported by SC EMP • Interaction with S r • Provide c orrective • Interaction a nd Manager ( Env. & • Environmental action i f any de viation Reporting to ADB. Social) , PIU and SC monitoring t hrough to EMP is identified Submission of approved laboratory progress r eports to • Contractor’s E nv. or through SC • Part of Joint ADB a tleast onc e i n a Officer will be primarily Verification E xercise • Verification of year. responsible f or to be c arried out by implementation EMP consent t aken b y HQ, P IU a nd • Effective contractor for Contractor f or r eview • implementation of Filling of R eporting opening of bor row of E MP f or EMP and Monitoring of Format and submitting areas, and setting up modification in EMP to SC labour c amps. enhancement Ensuring r estoration • Compilation of data • Monitoring t hrough measures (if required) as per initial relating t o approved agency. agreement w ith l and • Ensure that the implementation of • Preparation of v arious owner contractor d efine t he EMP. plans f or ef fective cost of env ironmental • Keeping records of • Advising and implementation of measures l ike bor row all consents obtained suggesting corrective EMP as detailed out in area r ehabilitation et c by contractor. measures to adhere to EMP and s ubmitting it which are s hown as time schedule for for approval to SC • Compilation of dat a part of c onstruction implementation of relating to cost under EMP • EMP. Identification of s ites implementation of matrix ( Appendix 7. 1) for l abour c amps, hot before t he s tart of • EMP. Carry o ut mix pl ant, batch m ix construction. T his • verification/supervision plant, debris disposal Filling of Summary amount s hall be exercises f or etc Sheets and reporting released aga inst implementation of to HQ. completion of EMP w ith respect t o • Approval of pl ans respective E MP

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modification (if prepared b y measures. required) for contractor • enhancement Supervise • Addressing measures. implementation of grievances of l ocal EMP/EMoP by community and contractor information dissemination • Develop good through practices construction NGOs/CBOs. guidelines t o as sist contractor i n implementation of EMP • Conduct Consultations programs w ith t he stakeholders on regular bas is t o g et first hand information on the i nconvenience caused to contractor’s activities su ch a s noise, debris di sposal etc. • Ensure s ubmission of compliance r eport to EMP/EMoP on ce in six month to PIU

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HQ MPRDC Asian DY General Manager Developmen (MPSRSP II) t Bank

Social and Env. Group (Proposed) Sr. Manager (Env and Social) Supported by Manager Env. and Social (proposed)

PIU Supervision Consultant Contractor Divisional Officer supported by field Officers

Field Officer – (Proposed to be designated with additional responsibility of Env. And Social)

Need Based Support from Approved Monitoring Agency and Independent Subject Experts and Institutions

Figure 7.1 : Proposed Structure for EMP/EMOP Implementation

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7.3.2. Institutional / Capacity Building 20. Capacity Building: As per the existing structure, one officer at Sr Manager l evel i s r esponsible f or E nvironmental and s ocial as pect at MPRDC. Considering t he i ncreasing magnitude of ac tivities, i t i s proposed t hat another manager l evel of ficer be appoi nted to s upport Sr manager’s ac tivities. T he g roup s hall be nam ed as E nvironmental and Social G roup. T o facilitate and streamline this group’s a ctivities it is proposed to develop the Environmental and social impact guidelines. This will standardise the impact assessment, regulatory compliance and environmental quality monitoring mechanism. 21. Training and Awareness: To enh ance t he capacity of o fficials for effective implementation of proposed mitigation measures and monitoring the resultant effects, as well as create awareness amongst workers and public, the training and awareness programme is planned and is given as Table 7.2. The institutions/agencies like regional office of MoEF, SPCB/CPCB, and I ndian I nstitute o f Technologies c an be c onsulted for such trainings. Independent subject’s experts/consultants (e.g., fo r the environmental awareness program, impact assessment specialist will be the resource person) can also be the resource persons t o impart trainings. These experts / agencies shall be appointed based on specific need for the training. Table 7.2 : Combined Training Budget for MPSRP II

Combined Training Budget for MPSRP II S. Target Subject(s) Method Time Basis for Costs Estimation No. group Frame and Training Training Delivery Estimate Material d Cost Preparation 1 All staffs Environmental Lectures Before @ Rs 2.0 Lacs Reproduction of Training of MPRDC Overview: cum beginning Material Rs 24,000 (@ Rs. including Environmental interactio of the 200 per set for 120 sets ) PIU Regulations, s ub- n implemen project project related tation of Training Delivery: staff provisions of the sub- Honorarium and travel cost involved in various A cts/ project. of the faculty Rs 2.0 lac (@ implement Guidelines, E IA 50,000 per programme for 4 ation of notification, process INR 6.24 programmes) the project and m ethodology Lakhs and Select for IEE, EMPs Venue and other facility NGOs. costs Rs 2.0 lacs ( @ Rs 50000 per programme with 25 participants in each) 2 Field Implementation o f Worksho Before @ Rs 2.0 Lacs -do- Officer EMPs: ps and the (Env) at Basic features of an Seminars constructi PIU, EMP, P lanning, on begins Supervisio designing a nd n execution of INR 6.24 Consultant environmental Lakhs 87

’s mitigation a nd Environme enhancement ntal measures, Specialists monitoring a nd and Select evaluation of NGOs environmental conditions – during construction and operation 3 Sr. Environmentally Worksho Before @ Rs 3.0 Lacs -do- Manager, Sound ps and the Manager Construction Site visits constructi at Head Practices: on Quarter Clean construction and Field technology, INR 6.24 officer at alternatives Lakhs PIU, , materials and design techniques for team, construction, Waste Supervisio Management and n minimization in Consultant construction, Constructi pollution control on devices and Contractor methods for s’ staff construction sites and equipment, Environmental clauses in contract documents and their implications, protection of flora and fauna Environmental monitoring during construction 4 PIU and Monitoring Lectures, During @ Rs 1.5 Lacs Reproduction of Training Supervisio Environmental Worksho initial Material Rs 24,000 (@ Rs. n Performance p and site phases of 200 per set for 120 persons Consultant during visits constructi ) , NGOs Construction: on and Air, Water, Soil and Training Delivery: communit Noise, t ree s urvival INR 5.0 Honorarium and travel cost y Monitoring Lakhs of the faculty Rs 1.6 lac (@ representa requirement and 40,000 per programme for 4 tives techniques, programmes) Evaluation and Review of r esults, Venue and other facility Performance costs Rs 1.6 lacs ( @ Rs indicators an d t heir 40,000 per programme with applicability, 25 participants in each) possible corrective actions, r eporting requirements and mechanisms

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Total Rs 23.72 Training lacs or Costs Say Rs. 24 lacs

22. Management System: It is proposed to develop standard environmental guidelines for impact assessment, management plan, and monitoring. It is recommended to develop an Environmental Management and Reporting Systems following international standards like ISO 14001. 7.4. Grievance Redress Mechanism 23. Any en vironmental g rievance r eceived f rom publ ic or s takeholders concerning the project will be directed to the concerned PIU. Firstly, field officer w ill as sess i f t he g rievances ar e genuine or s uggestion i s acceptable. Accordingly, response will be given within 15-30 days through suitable m ode by t he field of ficer with t he appr oval of Divisional O fficer. In case PIU is unable to resolve the issue, the matter will be forwarded to Sr. Manager ( Environment & Social) at head quarter who will take it up further and resolve. The corrective and preventing action will be taken in a time bound manner as per response given to the stakeholders. The outcome shall also form part of quarterly report to ADB. 24. The local community will be informed by the respective supervision consultants about t he o ption t o ex press t heir grievances i f any t hrough the mechanism described above before the start of construction activities. The grievance redress mechanism with the name of concerned official shall also be displayed at MPRDC website, and on notice boards of the PIU office and construction sites. 89

8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 8.1. Conclusions 25. The findings of Environment Assessment indicate that project is unlikely to c ause any s ignificant environmental i mpacts. While s ome o f the impacts are negative, there are many bearing benefits to the area. Most of t he i mpacts ar e l ikely t o oc cur dur ing c onstruction s tage and ar e temporary in nature and can be mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts. Some impacts require design consideration and are suitably addressed. The pr oject r eceived i mmense s upport from l ocal peopl e as they perceive that this project will improve the overall connectivity and bring various economic opportunities to the people of the area. 26. The alignment does not pass through or located nearby any ecologically sensitive or pr otected a reas. N o ar chaeological/protected monument i s located in the project vicinity. The land use pattern around the alignment is predominantly agricultural. The significant impact during construction is mainly as sociated w ith m inor i ncrease i n du st bor ne ai r pol lution, increased noise level, nuisance due to movement and operation of vehicles, es tablishment o f t emporary f acilities, h indrance i n ac cessibility to common property resources etc. During operation stage, the main impact m ay be related t o ai r q uality and noi se. O ther i ssues r elates t o road safety including pedestrian and cattles. 27. Environmental s creening and a ssessment o f l ikely i mpacts, the pr oject has been categorised as Category ‘B’. The effective implementation o f environmental management plan will facilitate in minimising the environmental impact to acceptable level. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage. 28. Key findings of the IEE are summarised in following paragraphs: • There ar e s everal c anals and dr ains c utting ac ross t he p roject alignment. The m ajor r ivers c rossing t he p roject ar ea ar e Kali Sindh, Newaj and Kadal River. Therefore adequate cross drainage structures are r equired to avoid f looding dur ing monsoon season. All nec essary measures as suggested in IEE including IRC specifications for embankment formation in waterlogged areas shall be taken into account. • The groundwater condition i n t he pr oject s ection i s poor . H ence, provisions of water harvesting should be adopted. • Since no l and ac quisition i s i nvolved, t he pr oject w ill not a ffect any family. Also, there will be no Impact on community infrastructure as the upgradation is limited to the available ROW. • Ambient noi se l evel i s w ithin pr escribed l imit ex cept nea r bus y intersections such as Khujner, C hapikheda, Zi rapur, G oghatpur, Monakhedi etc. Some of t he k ey suggested m easures du ring construction ar e pr ovision of t emporary noi se barriers and r egulating construction timings n ear s ensitive l ocations. Operation s tage mitigation includes multilayered plantation and r estricting honking near

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sensitive areas, maintaining good road conditions and c ongestion free traffic movement. • Large q uantity of earth is required for the p roject. The availability of government waste land/barren land/uplands etc. is limited in the area. It is recommended to follow the guidelines for borrow area management as suggested in IEE. • The c ompensatory afforestation s hould be unde rtaken at 1: 5 basis in close consultation with f orest department. Roadside plantation should be done as per IRC specifications. Additional plantation should be done in consultation at river banks especially at major bridge locations. • Soil er osion al ong em bankment s lope, river bank s, b ridge sites an d river training structures shall be checked through measures suggested in IEE. These measures coupled with silt fencing/brush barrier etc will also help to minimise siltation of water bodies though required at only few locations since most of the water bodies are seasonal in nature. • Predominant land use along the project alignment is agricultural/open area which helps in adequate dispersion of air emission. The increased pollution level during construction stage will be largely localised and temporary in nature. Corridor specific measures to curb emission include m aintaining good r oad c onditions, improved t raffic regulations and roadside plantation with pollutant absorbent species. • Siting and management of temporary construction facilities i.e. construction c amp, w orkers c amp, hot mix plant, bat ching pl ant, dumping s ites, s tone crusher et c. s hall be do ne i n env ironmentally accepted manner as mentioned in IEE. • Dismantled m aterial s hall be r eused t o t he ex tent pos sible. Le ftover debris shall be di sposed off in environmentally acceptable method and at designated sites. • Risk involved with accidents, community and occupational health safety should be mitigated as per measures provided in IEE. A proper traffic management plan shall be in place well before start of the construction. 29. Post Environmental Assessment Surveillance and Monitoring is essential to s ustain the e ffectiveness o f the m itigative measures s uggested. A detailed monitoring plan has been prepared as part of the Environmental Management Plan. The focus areas of monitoring covers air, surface water q uality, noi se, s oil er osion, dr ainage c ongestion and t ree s urvival rate. The reporting requirements along with the follow up actions in case of deviation from the norms have been detailed out as a part of EMP. The frequency has been set in consideration of the likely impacts. 8.2. Key Recommendations: 30. Any major changes or any major additional work other than the proposed project ac tivities w ill r equire pr eparation o f anot her env ironmental assessment. This additional assessment will have to be submitted to concerned Government authorities and ADB for concurrence before civil works commence. 91

31. The implementation of prescribed mitigation measures will minimize/avoid the adverse impacts. Moreover, the impacts shall be monitored continually b y i mplementing and upda ting the E nvironmental Management pl an and E nvironmental M onitoring P lan. E nvironmental Management and M onitoring Plan may be updat ed if deemed necessary as per site conditions. MPRDC shall submit six monthly compliance/update reports to ADB. 32. All nec essary c learances/permissions/No-objections/Consents should be obtained as required at di fferent s tages and as out lined i n l egal framework c hapter o f I EE. MPRDC shall ens ure t hat env ironmental clearance as may be required is obtained before start of construction. 33. Executing agency shall ensure that EMP and EMoP is included in Bill of Quantity (BOQ) and forms part of bid document and c ivil works contract. The same shall be revised if necessary during project implementation or if there is any change in the project design and with approval of ADB.

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APPENDIX3.1 : INVENTORY AND SURVEY CONDITION OF BRIDGES

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APPENDIX3.2 : RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST

Roads and Highways

PACHOR-CHAPIKHEDA-ZIRAPUR-MACHALPUR-SOYAT (SH-51) SECTION

Instructions:

(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached t o the e nvironmental c ategorization form and s ubmitted to the Environment and Safeguards D ivision ( RSES), for endor sement b y D irector, RSES and f or appr oval b y t he C hief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately c onsidered, r efer al so t o A DB's ( a) c hecklists on i nvoluntary r esettlement and Indigenous P eoples; ( b) pov erty r eduction h andbook; ( c) s taff gui de t o c onsultation an d participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

IND/Sub-regional T ransport E nhancement P roject – Road i mprovement w/ Country/Project Title: bituminous overlay: Pachor-Chapikheda-Machalpur-Soyat (86.70 km)

Sector Division: IND TA: 7198

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. PROJECT SITING

IS THE PROJECT AREA ADJACENT TO OR WITHIN ANY OF THE FOLLOWING ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS? . Cultural Heritage Site None

. Protected Area None

None . Wetland

. Mangrove None

. Estuarine None

. Buffer Zone of Protected Area None

. Special Area for Protecting Biodiversity None

B. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

WILL THE PROJECT CAUSE…

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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS No encroachment on historical or Encroachment on h istorical/cultural ar eas; cultural areas is envisaged. disfiguration of l andscape by r oad em bankments, cuts, fills, and quarries? The to pography o f p roject r oad i s mainly fl at. B ut, m inor i mpacts o n landscape by road embankments to improve profile, cuts and fills cannot be ruled out.

None. The project road does not Encroachment on pr ecious ec ology ( e.g. s ensitive pass th rough sensitive ecological or protected areas)? areas. Minimal, since no new construction Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways of bridges is proposed. Most rivers crossed b y r oads, r esulting i n i ncreased s ediment in project a rea ar e sea sonal. in s treams af fected b y increased s oil er osion at Necessary measures shall be taken construction site? to p revent i mpacts o n watercourses. Suitable prevention measures such Deterioration of s urface w ater qu ality d ue t o s ilt as si lt f encing w ill r educe si lt r un runoff and s anitary wastes f rom w orker-based off. camps and chemicals used in construction? Adequate measures for sanitary waste and silt runoff shall be taken to prevent any such condition. Local air pollution level i s likely to Increased local a ir po llution du e t o r ock c rushing, be increased for short duration cutting and filling works, and chemicals from during construction period asphalt processing? particularly d ue to e arth w ork. Appropriate d istance fr om settlement area and wind direction may b e ta ken i nto account to locate a ir p olluting f acility li ke stone c rushing u nit e tc., i f required. Risk i s t emporary an d asso ciated Risks and vulnerabilities r elated to oc cupational with construction phase. health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, an d r adiological ha zards dur ing pr oject Construction workers will be construction and o peration dur ing pr oject provided with proper occupational, construction and operation? health an d saf ety g ear. S afety officer w ill b e a ppointed b y contractor to l ead i mplementation of o ccupational a nd c ommunity health a nd s afety p lan d uring construction phase Minimal i ncrease i n a mbient n oise Noise and v ibration d ue t o bl asting a nd other c ivil level i s e xpected due t o v arious works? construction a ctivities. N ecessary mitigation measures will b e t aken in noise sensitive locations such as schools, temples and forest areas. 95

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS None. Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people

No displacement. Dislocation and compulsory resettlement of people Project improvement work is to be living in right-of-way? carried out within existing available ROW, no resettlement i s envisaged. None. Disproportionate impacts o n the p oor, women and children, I ndigenous P eoples or ot her v ulnerable groups?

All p ossible m itigation measures Other social concerns relating to inconveniences in will b e ta ken to a void a ny living c onditions i n t he p roject ar eas t hat m ay inconvenience d ue to th e p roject. trigger cases of upper respiratory problems and Efforts w ill al so b e m ade t o keep stress? air p ollution w ithin p ermissible levels t o p revent r espiratory problems an d st ress among th e nearby inhabitants. Traffic m anagement p lan to b e Hazardous driving conditions where construction followed d uring c onstruction w ill interferes with pre-existing roads? be prepared.

Appropriate w aste m anagement Poor s anitation an d s olid waste di sposal in shall b e adopted to p revent a ny construction c amps and w ork s ites, and pos sible such conditions. Awareness p lan transmission of communicable d iseases f rom for workers w ill b e p repared to workers to local populations? educate them about communicable diseases. No such condition is anticipated Creation of t emporary breeding ha bitats f or mosquito vectors of disease?

Temporarily d uring c onstruction Accident r isks as sociated w ith i ncreased v ehicular stage. Adequate m easures w ill b e traffic, leading to accidental spills of toxic materials provided to p revent th em such as and loss of life? speed reduction, p rovision o f crash barrier & proper traffic signage system at sensitive places will e nsure s mooth tr affic fl ow which will reduce accidental risk Increased noise and air pollution resulting from Temporarily d uring c onstruction traffic volume? phase. Increased r isk o f w ater pol lution f rom oi l, gr ease Temporarily d uring c onstruction and f uel s pills, and ot her materials f rom v ehicles phase. using the road? Adequate preventive measures will take to prevent such risks. Most o f t he workers w ill b e h ired Social conflicts if workers from other regions or locally. countries are hired?

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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Most o f t he workers w ill b e h ired Large po pulation i nflux dur ing pr oject c onstruction locally. All g roundwater extraction and operation that causes increased burden on will b e co vered b y necessary social infrastructure a nd s ervices ( such as water permits and a ll c onstruction s ites supply and sanitation systems)? will have sanitary toilets with septic tank. No b lasting w ill b e m ade, b itumen Risks t o c ommunity he alth and s afety d ue t o t he handling will be consistent with the transport, s torage, and u se and/ or d isposal of Material S afety D ata S heet, materials such as explosives, fuel and other occupational and community chemicals during construction and operation? health and safety provisions included in the EMP Community and o ccupational Community safety risks due to both accidental and health a nd s afety p lan w ill fo rm natural c auses, es pecially where t he s tructural part of EMP. elements or c omponents of t he project ar e accessible t o m embers of the af fected c ommunity or where t heir f ailure c ould r esult i n i njury t o t he community t hroughout pr oject c onstruction, operation and decommissioning.

The Project is categorized as B. As per MO EF latest E IA notification, E nvironmental C learance f or t he pr oject i s not r equired. However, other consent conditions will be required.

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APPENDIX3.3 : Details of Chainage-wise Existing and Proposed Design Speed and Curve Radius

Sr. Existing Proposed Remarks No. Chainage Radii Speed Chainage Radii Speed Start End (mt) (kmph) Start End (mt) (kmph) Khujner Bypass 1 0.087 0.224 110 20 11.593 11.730 130 20 Commercial + Junction 2 0.490 0.549 170 20 11.996 12.054 200 20 Fencing 3 0.632 0.636 70 20 12.138 12.142 100 20 Fencing 4 0.719 0.720 80 20 12.225 12.226 100 20 5 0.828 0.865 80 20 12.329 12.366 100 20 Fencing + Kachha Build. 6 0.969 0.993 25 15 12.468 12.492 30 20 Fencing + Building 7 1.156 1.167 90 20 12.655 12.665 100 20 8 1.252 1.266 90 20 12.750 12.764 100 20 9 1.358 1.421 140 20 12.856 12.918 170 20 Urban Area Pachor - Machalpur 10 36.491 36.556 30 20 33.217 33.282 40 20 Junction 11 39.626 39.636 170 30 33.659 33.669 200 40 Urban Area 12 39.722 39.752 45 20 33.720 33.749 60 20 Urban Area 13 37.242 37.256 80 40 33.973 33.988 100 40 Urban Area 14 38.142 38.169 140 40 34.862 34.889 150 40 Urban Area Machalpur – Rajasthan Border 15 12.076 12.092 200 30 2.210 2.226 250 40 Approach Slab Culvert 16 12.175 12.240 75 20 2.309 2.373 150 40 Slab Culvert 17 12.355 12.366 50 20 2.489 2.499 80 40 Junction 18 4.672 4.733 70 20 4.123 4.162 100 20 Bridge Approach 19 4.581 4.620 70 20 4.213 4.274 100 20 Bridge Approach

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APPENDIX 4.1 : NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

The finding as N otified on 16 th November 2009 by t he C entral P ollution C ontrol Board (CPCB) in exercise of its powers conferred under Section 6 and Section 25 of the Environment Protect Act, 1986.

Time-Weighted Concentration in Ambient Air

Ecologically Industrial, Pollutant Sensitive Area Residential Average (Notified by and other Central rural area Government) Annual* 50 20 3 SO2 ug/m 24 hours** 80 80 Annual* 40 30 3 NOx ug/m 24 hours** 80 80 Annual* 60 60 3 PM10 ug/m 24 hours** 100 100 Annual* 40 40 3 PM2.5 ug/m 24 hours** 60 60

Annual* 0.50 0.50 3 Lead ug/m

24 hours** 1.0 1.0

8 Hours** 2000 2000 3 CO ug/m 1 Hour** 4000 4000 8 Hours** 100 100 3 O3 ug/m 1 Hour** 180 180 Annual* 100 100 3 NH3 ug/m 24 hours** 400 400 Source: Gazette of India, Part II-Section-3-Subsection (i)

* Annual Arithmetic Mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24-hourly at uniform interval. ** 24-horly / 8-hourly values or 0.1 hourly monitored values shall be complied with 98% of t he t ime i n t he year. H owever, 2% of t he t ime, i t may ex ceed but not on t wo consecutive days.

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APPENDIX 4.2 : Ambient Noise Level Limits (In Leq dB(A)), India

Day Time Night Time Area/Class (6:00 AM to 9:00 PM) (9:00 PM to 6:00 am)

Standard Standard

Industrial 75 70

Commercial 65 55

Residential 55 45

Silence 50 40 Source: Environment Protection Rules, 1986, Schedule III

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APPENDIX 4.3 : Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS: IS: 10500, 1991)

S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible 1 COLOUR (HAZEN UNIT) 5 25 Aesthetically undesirable. 2 ODOUR Essentially free Aesthetically undesirable. 3 TASTE Agreeable Aesthetically undesirable. 4 TURBIDITY (NTU) 5 10 Indicates pollution/ contamination. Affects t aste, c orrodes supply 5 pH 6.5 8.5 system. Causes s caling, ex cessive s oap HARDNESS, as CaCO3, 6 300 600 consumption, c alcification of mg/l arteries. Causes s taining of l aundry a nd 7 IRON, as Fe , mg/l 0.30 1.00 porcelain. I n t races i t i s e ssential for nutrition. May be injurious to heart or kidney patients. T aste, i ndigestion, 8 CHLORIDE, as Cl , mg/l 250 1000 corrosion and palatability are affected. RESIDUAL CHLORINE, only Excessive c hlorination causes 9 when 0.20 - asthma, colitis and eczema Water is chlorinated May c ause gastro-intestinal TOTAL DISSOLVED 10 500 2000 irritation, c orrosion a nd l axative SOLIDS, mg/l effect to new users. Excessive C ause incrustation, deficiency c auses rickets, 11 CALCIUM, as Ca, mg/l 75 200 essential f or ner vous, m uscular, cardiac f unctions a nd i n coagulation of blood. Its s alts are c athartics and diuretic. E xcessive m ay c ause laxative ef fect; def iciency causes 12 MAGNESIUM, as Mg, mg/l 30 100 structural an d f unctional c hanges. It i s ac tivator of many enzyme systems. Beneficial in human metabolism, deficiency r esults in n utritional anaemia in infants. Large amounts may r esult i n liver dam age, 13 COPPER, as Cu, mg/l 0.05 1.50 causes central nervous system irritation and depression. Enhances corrosion of Al in water supply systems. Causes g astro-intestinal i rritation. Along w ith Mg or Na can hav e a 14 SULPHATE, as SO4, mg/l 200 400 cathartic effect. Concentration more t han 750 m g/l m ay have laxative effect. Causes infant methaemoglobinaemia, at very 15 NITRATE, as N, mg/l 45 100 high c oncentration c auses gas tric cancer and effects central nervous 101

S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible and cardiovascular system.

Reduces dental c arries, very h igh 16 FLUORIDE, as F, mg/l 1.00 1.50 concentration may cause crippling skeletal fluorosis. Acute toxicity m ay b e as sociated with r enal, ar terial h ypertension, 17 CADMIUM, as Cd, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation itai-itai ( bone di sease). C d s alts cause cramps, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Burning i n m outh, s evere inflammation of gas tro-intestinal tract w ith v omiting and d iarrhoea. 18 LEAD, as Pb, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Chronic toxicity pr oduces naus ea, severe a bdominal pa in, paralysis, mental c onfusion, visual disturbances, and anaemia etc. Essential and beneficial in hum an 19 ZINC, as Zn , mg/l 5 15 metabolism. Imparts astringent taste to water. Cr6+ produces lung tumours, 20 CHROMIUM, as Cr, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation coetaneous and nasal m ucous membrane ulcers and dermatitis. Causes skin damage, circulatory 21 ARSENIC, as As, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation problems, and i ncreased r isk o f skin cancer. Raises blood cholesterol, lowers 22 ANTIMONY, as Sb, mg/l 0.006 No relaxation blood sugar. 23 ALUMINIUM, as Al, mg/l 0.030 0.200 Leads to neurological disorders. 24 BARIUM, as Ba, mg/l 2 No relaxation Increases blood pressure. 25 BERYLLIUM, as Be, mg/l nil 0.0002 Is carcinogenic Causes nerve damage, thyroid 26 CYANIDE, as CN, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation problem. Neurological a nd r enal disturbances. Excess ca uses 27 MERCURY, as Hg, mg/l 0.001 No relaxation gonadotoxic and mutagenic effects and di sturbs t he cholesterol metabolism. Essential as a cofactor in enzyme systems a nd m etabolism processes. E xcessive ca uses change i n ap petite and r eduction 28 MANGANESE, as Mn, mg/l 0.10 0.30 in metabolism of iron to form haemoglobin. Imparts undesirable taste a nd s tains plumbing fixtures and laundry. Leads t o h air, f inger l oss, and 29 SELENIUM, as Se, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation numbness i n f ingers or t oes, circulatory problems. Affects c entral ner vous system, 30 BORON, as B, mg/l 1.00 5.00 salts m ay c ause n ausea, cramps, convulsions, coma, etc. 31 ALKALINITY, as CaCO3, 200 600 Imparts unpleasant taste,

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S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible mg/l deleterious to humans in presence of high pH, hardness and TDS. Imparts t oxicity, accumulates i n different or gans of bod y, a nd 32 PESTICIDES, ug/l nil 0.001 affects i mmune and nervous systems. Carcinogenic. High concentration causes vomiting and diarrhoea s timulates 33 PHOSPHATE, as PO4, mg/l No guideline secondary hyperthyroidism and bone loss. Harmful t o p ersons s uffering f rom 34 SODIUM, as Na, mg/l No guideline cardiac, r enal and circulatory diseases. Essential nutrition e lement but 35 POTASSIUM, as K, mg/l No guideline excessive amounts are cathartic. Non-toxic e lement but m ay be carcinogenic in animals, can react 36 NICKEL, as Ni , mg/l No guideline with DN A r esulting in DNA damage in animals. PATHOGENS Causes water borne diseases like a)TOTAL COLIFORM coliform j aundice; Typhoid, 37 No/dl 1 10 Cholera et c. produces i nfections

b)FAECAL COLIFORM involving skin m ucous m embrane No/dl of eyes, ears and throat. RADIOACTIVITY: -BETA PARTICLES 0-4 milligram/year 38 Increases risk of cancer. -ALPHA PARTICLES 0-15 picocuries/year -RADIUM 0-05 picocuries/year

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APPENDIX 4.4 : Water Quality Criteria And Standards for Freshwater Classification (CPCB, 1979)

Characteristics A B C D E

Dissolved Oxygen (DO), 6 5 4 4 - mg/L, Min Biological Oxygen Demand, BOD, mg/L, 2 3 3 - - max Total Coliform organism 50 500 5000 - - **, MPN/100ml, Max pH value 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6 – 9 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 Free Ammonia (as N), - - - 1.2 - mg/L, Max Electrical Conductivity, - - - - 2250 µmhos/cm, max Sodium absorption Ratio - - - - 26 Boron, mg/L, Max - - - - 2

A) Drinking water sources without conventional treatment but after disinfecting B) Outdoor Bathing (organized) C) Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfecting D) Propagation of wildlife, fisheries E) Irrigation, industrial cooling, controlled waste disposal

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APPENDIX 5.1: Guidelines for Borrow Areas Management

1. SELECTION OF BORROW AREAS Location of b orrow ar eas shall be f inalized as per IRC: 10 -1961guidlines. The finalization of l ocations in c ase of bor rows ar eas i dentified i n pr ivate l and s hall depend upon t he formal ag reement bet ween l andowners and c ontractor. If, agreement i s not reached bet ween t he c ontractor and l andowners for the identified bo rrow ar eas sites, arrangement for l ocating t he s ource o f s upply of material for embankment and s ub-grade as well as c ompliance t o environment requirements in respect of excavation and borrow areas as stipulated from time to t ime by t he M inistry of E nvironment and For ests, G overnment o f India, and local bodies, as applicable shall be the sole responsibility of the contractor. The contractor in addition to the established practices, rules and regulation will also consider following criteria before finalizing the locations. (1) The borrow area should not be located i n agriculture field unless unavoidable i.e. barren land is not available. (2) The borrow pits preferably should not be located along the roads. (3) The loss of productive and agriculture soil should be minimum. (4) The loss of vegetation is almost nil or minimum. (5) The Contractor will ensure that suitable earth is available. 2. CONTRACTOR’S RESPONSIBILTY The C ontractor s hall obt ain r epresentative s amples f rom ea ch o f t he i dentified borrow ar eas and ha ve t hese t ested at t he s ite l aboratory f ollowing a t esting programme app roved by t he E ngineer. I t s hall be ens ured that the s ub-grade material when compacted to the density requirements shall yield the design CBR value of the sub-grade. Contractor shall begin operations keeping in mind following; (1) Haulage of material to embankments or other areas of fill shall proceed only when sufficient spreading and c ompaction plants is operating at the place of deposition. (2) No excavated acceptable material other than surplus to requirements of the C ontract s hall be removed from the site. C ontractor should be permitted t o r emove acceptable m aterial f rom the site to s uit his operational procedure, then shall make consequent deficit of material arising there from. (3) Where the excavation reveals a combination of acceptable and un- acceptable m aterials, t he C ontractor shall, unl ess ot herwise ag reed by the E ngineer, c arry out t he ex cavation i n s uch a m anner t hat t he acceptable materials are excavated separately for use in the permanent works w ithout c ontamination by t he un -acceptable m aterials. T he acceptable material shall be stockpiled separately. (4) The Contractor shall ensure that he does not adversely affect the stability of excavation or fills by the methods of stockpiling materials, use of plants are siting of temporary buildings or structures.

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3. BORROWING FROM DIFFERENT LAND-FORMS

A. Borrow Areas located in Agricultural Lands

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 c m t opsoil w ill be stripped o ff from the bo rrow pi t and t his will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrowing of ear th w ill be c arried out up t o a depth o f 1. 5m from t he existing ground level. (iv) Borrowing of earth will not be done continuously through out the stretch. (v) Ridges of not less t han 8m widths will be l eft at intervals not exceeding 300m. (vi) Small drains will be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate drainage. (vii) The slope of the edges will be m aintained not steeper than 1:4 (vertical: Horizontal). (viii) The depth of borrow pits will not be more than 30 cm after stripping the 15 cm topsoil aside.

B. Borrow Areas located in Elevated Lands

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 c m t opsoil w ill be stripped o ff from the bo rrow pi t and this w ill be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) At l ocation w here pr ivate ow ners des ire t heir fields t o be l evelled, t he borrowing s hall be done t o a dept h of not m ore t han 1.5m or up to the level of surrounding fields

C. Borrow Areas near River side

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 c m t opsoil w ill be stripped o ff from t he bo rrow pi t and this w ill be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrow area near to any surface water body will be at least at a distance of 15m from the toe of the bank or high flood level, whichever is maximum.

D. Borrow Areas near Settlements

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile.

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(ii) A 15 c m t opsoil w ill be stripped o ff from t he bo rrow pi t and this w ill be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrow pi t l ocation w ill be l ocated a t l east 0. 75 km from v illages and settlements. I f un-avoidable, the pit will not be dug for more than 30 c m and drains will be cut to facilitate drainage. (iv) Borrow pi ts l ocated i n such l ocation w ill be r e-developed i mmediately after borrowing is completed. If spoils are dumped, that will be covered with a l ayers of s tockpiled t opsoil i n ac cordance w ith c ompliance requirements with respect MOEF/PPCB guidelines.

E. Borrow Pits along the Road

Borrow pits along the road shall be discouraged and if deemed necessary and permitted by the Engineer; following precautions are recommended (i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 1 5 c m t opsoil w ill b e stripped o ff from t he bo rrow pi t and this w ill be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Ridges o f no t l ess than 8m w idths s hould be l eft a t i ntervals not exceeding 300m. (iv) Small drains shall be cut through the ridges of facilitate drainage. (v) The depth of the pits shall be so regulated that there bottom does not cut an imaginary l ine having a slope o f 1 vertical to 4 horizontal projected from the ed ge of the final section of bank, the maximum depth of any case being limited to 1.5m. (vi) Also, no pit shall be dug within the offset width from the toe of the embankment required as per the consideration of stability with a minimum width of 10m. 4. REHABILITATION OF BORROW AREAS The objective of the rehabilitation programme is to return the borrow pit sites to a safe and secure area, which the general public should be able to safely enter and enjoy. S ecuring borrow pits in a s table condition is fundamental requirement of the rehabilitation process. This could be achieved by filling the borrow pit floor to approximately the access road level.

Re-development plan shall be prepared by the Contractor before the start of work inline with the owners will require and to the satisfaction of owner. The Borrow Areas shall be rehabilitated as per following; • Borrow pits shall be backfilled with rejected construction wastes and will be given a vegetative cover. If this is not possible, then excavation sloped will be s moothed and depression will be f illed in such a w ay that it looks more or less like the original round surface. • Borrow ar eas m ight be us ed for a quaculture i n c ase l andowner w ants such development. I n that case, such borrow area will be photographed 107

after t heir pos t us e r estoration and E nvironment E xpert o f S upervision Consultant will certify the post use redevelopment. The Contractor will k eep r ecord of phot ographs of v arious st ages i .e., before using materials from t he l ocation ( pre-project), f or t he period borrowing activities (construction Phase) and after rehabilitation (post development), to ascertain the pre and post borrowing status of the area.

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APPENDIX 7.1: Environmental Management Plan (SH-51: Pachor-Chapikheda-Zirapur-Machalpur-Soyat 86.707 km) All activity for supervision is on part of SQC unless involvement of different department Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision A. Design and Construction Stage 1. Alignment  Pavement • Selection of suitable pavement Design requirement • All habitat areas throughout During the Included i n Design SQC/MPRD damage and design i n habitat ar eas the alignment design construction Consultant C inadequate considering a lignment l evel and stage cost drainage drainage provisions in • Raise r oad l evel abov e t he habitat areas nearby areas w ith pr ovision of adequate side drains to evacuate the rain water and domestic discharges ( drained by habi tats occasionally) to prevent damage to r oad and r ain w ater e ntry t o habitats’ houses. • Provision of ade quate no of cross drainage structures based on dr ainage pat tern ar ound t he alignment  Safety along the • Make provisions of crash barriers Design requirement • Crash barriers are proposed During the Included i n Design SQC/MPRD proposed at accident prone areas at the following chainages design construction Consultant C alignment • Provision of rumble strips in along the project corridor stage cost habitat areas to regulate speed. • Provision o f re tro-reflective Chainage (m) Chainage (m) warning s ign bo ards ne ars Left Right school, hospital, religious places 31/08 31/11 7/59 7/62 and forests areas 67/66 67/70 49/72 49/74 • Provision of f ootpaths al ong t he 68/37 68/46 51/06 51/08 road near habitat areas, school, 68/53 68/58 52/06 52/10 hospital, r eligious p laces and 73/07 73/08 72/56 72/58 forests 73/56 73/65 73/06 73/08 • Compliance with norms specified 74/65 74/77 73/59 73/68 in I RC c odes f or s tate highway 75/72 75/75 74/48 74/50 for curvature and grading 4/72 4/75 74/65 74/78 • Provision of safety kerb with 4/94 4/97 4/72 4/75 109

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision footpath at all bridges 5/68 5/72 4/94 4/97 • The des ign should at tempt t o 5/86 5/89 5/86 5/89 equalize c ut an d f ill. T he 5/99 6/02 5/99 6/02 centerline s hould be aligned s o that on al l s lopes b elow 60 degrees, half cut and half fill can be achieved. • Minimize the cutting in hill areas. Incorporate slope s tabilization measures t o pr event any l and slide situation. • 2. Natural Hazards  Protection from • Design considering the IRC:34 Throughout the stretch Design Project Design SQC/MPRD damage from earthquake pot ential t hough t he Recommendations Stage preparation Consultant C Earthquake area f alls un der l ow ear thquake for road construction Cost intensity of 2/3 in waterlogged area and IRC: 75 and MOSRTH guidelines  Protection of road • Raise embankment height above for Design of High All the existing culverts/bridges Design Included i n Design SQC/MPRD embankment in the HFL levels in the flood prone Embankments are improved to increase their and construction Consultant C Flood prone areas. carrying capacity. Constructi cost Areas • Provision of adequate bal ancing on Stage culverts. 3. Weather Conditions and Air Quality  Local Weather • Geometric adjustment to reduce Kyoto Protocol, Throughout project corridor, Design Road Side Design SQC conditions tree cutting. Environmental mainly at level c rossings, and Plantations Consultant /MPRDC • Compensatory t ree P lantation Protection Act, haulage r oads, ea rthwork, Constructi +Additional and Contractor (1:5) 1986; The Air construction s ites, loading on stage Plantation • Additional P lantation o n r iver (Prevention and areas, s torage ar eas, t ransport During the cost7=2.6 banks, bor row areas a nd Control of Pollution) route Constructi Million sensitive locations to increase Act, 1981 on stage (@1200/tree)

7 The total no. trees likely to be cut are estimated to be 311. Compensatory afforestation norm is 1:5. Additional Plantation of 1:2 is suggested. Hence, 2177 trees have to be planted in lieu of compensatory plantation. Project has the provision of planting trees on both sides of the road. The lump sum cost of cutting a tree, its afforestation and maintenance is taken as Rs. 1200.

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision the green cover and improve the + aesthetics IRC and  Dust Generation • Transport, loading and unloading MORTH Included in Design SQC/MPRD due to of loose and fine materials Specifications for project cost Consultant C construction through covered vehicles. Road and Bridge and Contractor SQC/MPRD activities and • Paved approach roads. works C Air (P and CP) transport, storage • Storage areas to be located Act 1974 and and handling of downwind of the habitation area. • Water spraying o n ea rthworks, Central Motor and construction unpaved haulage roads and Vehicle materials other dust prone areas. Act 1988 • Provision of PPEs to workers.  Emission of air • Regular maintenance of Asphalt mixing plants, crushers, During the Included i n Contractor SQC/MPRD pollutants (HC, machinery and equipment. DG sets locations Constructi project cost C SO2, NOX, CO • Batching, a sphalt mixing pl ants on stage etc) from vehicles and crushers at downwind (1km) due to traffic direction from the nearest congestion and settlement. use of equipment • Only crushers licensed by the and machinery PCB shall be used Included in • DG sets with stacks of adequate monitoring cost height and use of l ow s ulphur diesel as fuel. • Ambient air quality monitoring • Follow t raffic m anagement p lan as given in Section 8. 4. Noise  Noise from • All eq uipment t o be t imely Legal requirement Throughout project section During the Cost for Contractor SQC/MPRD construction serviced and pr operly Noise P ollution especially at c onstruction s ites, Constructi Plantation C vehicle, maintained. (Regulation and residential areas s uch as on stage already equipment and • Bottlenecks to be removed. Control) R ules, Khujner, C hapikheda, Z irapur, indicated machinery. • Construction eq uipment a nd 2000 and Goghatpur, Monakhedi etc. above. machinery t o b e f itted with amendments and identified sensitive locations silencers an d m aintained thereof as given in Table 5.1 properly. + • Only I S appr oved equi pments Clause No 501.8.6. shall b e u sed f or c onstruction MoSRTH 111

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision activities. Specifications for • Timing o f no isy c onstruction Road and Bridge activities shall be done during works Monitoring night t ime a nd w eekends near Cost as sensitive receptors su ch as indicated I n schools and temples, concurrent EMoP. noisy operations may be separated t o r educe t he t otal noise g enerated, and i f possible re-route traffic during construction t o av oid t he accumulation o f noi se beyond standards. Else p rovision of temporary no ise b arrier at sensitive locations or near sources. • Time r egulation ne ar r esidential and forest areas construction shall be r estricted t o day light hours. • Initiation o f m ulti l ayered plantation, to serve as mitigation option for operation phase • Honking r estrictions n ear sensitive areas • PPEs to workers • Noise monitoring as per EMoP. 5. Land and Soil  Land use • For construction non -agricultural Project requirement Throughout t he pr oject section During Included i n Contractor SQC/MPRD Change and Loss areas t o b e us ed as bor row and borrow areas design construction C of productive/top areas. and cost soil • If using agricultural land, top soil constructi to be preserved an d l aid o ver on Stage either on the embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion.  Slope protection • Bio-turfing of e mbankments t o IRC: 56 -1974 Throughout the stretch Design Construction Design SQC/MPRD and Soil erosion protect slopes. recommended especially along hilly areas and cost consultant and C

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision due to • Slope protection by providing practice for constructi Contractor, construction frames, dry s tone pi tching, treatment of on stage activities, masonry retaining walls, planting embankment slopes earthwork, and of grass and trees. for erosion control cut and fill etc. • The side slopes of all cut and fill Clause No. 306 and areas will be graded and covered 305.2.2 with s tone pi tching, gr ass a nd MoSRTH shrub as per design Specifications for specifications. Care should be Road and Bridge taken that the s lope gr adient works shall not be greater than 2:1. Guidelines IX for  Soil erosion at • The earth stockpiles to be Soil erosion At earth stockpiles Design Construction Contractor SQC/MPRD earth stockpiles provided w ith gent le s lopes t o and cost C prevent soil erosion. constructi on stage  Borrow areas • Non-productive, bar ren l ands, IRC G uidelines on Borrow sites location. During Construction Contractor SQC/MPRD upland s hall be u sed for borrow areas and Design cost C borrowing ear th w ith t he for quar ries and necessary permissions/consents. (Environmental constructi • Depths of b orrow pi ts t o be Protection A ct and on Stage regulated and sides not steeper Rules, 1986; W ater than 25%. Act, Air Act) • Topsoil t o b e stockpiled and + C lause N o. protected f or use at t he 305.2.2 MoSRTH rehabilitation stage. Specifications for • Transportation of earth materials Road and Bridge through covered vehicles. works • IRC recommended practice for Guidelines V f or borrow pits (IRC 10: 1961). Borrow Are as • Borrow areas not to be dug Management continuously. • To the extent borrow areas shall be sited away from habitated areas. B orrow ar eas s hall be leveled with salvaged material or other filling materials which do not po se c ontamination of s oil. Else, i t shall be c onverted i nto 113

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision fishpond in consultation with fishery depar tment a nd l and owner/community. Rehabilitation of the borrow areas as per Guidelines f or r edevelopment of Borrow Areas.  Quarry • Aggregates will be sourced from Clause N o. 11 1.3 Operations existing licensed quarries. MoSRTH • Copies of consent/ approval / Specifications for rehabilitation pl an f or a n ew Road and Bridge quarry or u se o f ex isting source works G uidelines V I will be submitted to EO, MPRDC. for Q uarry Are as • The c ontractor w ill dev elop a Management Quarry Redevelopment plan, as per the Mining Rules of the state and submit a copy of the approval to EA.  Compaction of • Construction vehicles, Design Parking ar eas, H aulage r oads Just Included in Contractor SQC/MPRD soil and impact on machinery, and equipment to be requirement and construction yards. before construction C quarry haul roads stationed in the designated ROW commenc cost due to movement to avoid compaction. ement of of vehicles and • Approach roads/haulage roads constructi equipments shall be de signed along t he on barren and har d s oil area to reduce the compaction. • Transportation of quarry material to the dumping site through heavy vehicles s hall be done through existing m ajor r oads t o the ex tent po ssible t o restrict wear and t ear t o t he village/minor roads. • Land taken for construction camp a nd other t emporary facility shall b e r estored to i ts original conditions.  Contamination • Construction vehicles a nd Design Fuelling station, c onstruction Just Monitoring Contractor SQC/MPRD of soil due to equipment will be maintained requirement sites, an d c onstruction c amps before Cost Included C leakage/spillage and disposal location. commenc in EMoP

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision of oil, bituminous and r efueled i n such a f ashion ement of and non that oil/diesel spillage doe s not constructi bituminous debris contaminate the soil. on generated from • Fuel s torage and refueling s ites demolition and to be k ept aw ay f rom dr ainage road construction channels. • Unusable d ebris s hall be dumped in ditches and low lying areas. • To av oid s oil c ontamination Oil- Interceptors shall be provided at wash down and refueling areas. • Waste oil and o il soaked cotton/ cloth shall be s tored in containers l abeled ‘ Waste Oil’ and ‘Hazardous’ sold off to MoEF/SPCB authorized vendors • Non-bituminous wastes to be dumped in b orrow pi ts w ith t he concurrence of l andowner a nd covered w ith a layer o f t opsoil conserved from opening the pit. • Bituminous w astes w ill be disposed off in an identified dumping site approved by the State Pollution Control Board • Soil quality monitoring 6. Water Resources Sourcing of water • Requisite per mission s hall be - Throughout the Project section During Included i n Contractor SQC/MPRD during Construction obtained f or abstraction of Constructi construction C groundwater f rom C entral on stage cost Groundwater Authority • Arrangements shall b e m ade by contractor t hat t he w ater availability and supply to nearby communities remain unaffected.  Disposal of water • Provisions s hall be m ade t o Clause No. 1010 EP Throughout the Project section During Included i n Contractor SQC/MPRD during connect road side drains with Act 1986 MoSRTH Constructi construction C 115

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision Construction exiting near by po nds otherwise Specifications for on stage cost make pr ovision of w ater Road and Bridge harvesting pits intermittently. works  Alteration in • Existing drainage s ystem to be Design requirement, Near all drainage channels, river During Included i n Contractor SQC surface water maintained and further Clause No 501.8.6. crossings etc. Constructi construction hydrology due to enhanced. MoSRTH on stage cost embankment • Provision shall be m ade for Specifications for adequate size and number of Road and Bridge cross drainage structures esp. in the ar eas w here l and i s s loping towards road alignment. • Road level shall be raised above HFL level wherever road level is lesser than HFL.  Siltation in water • Embankment slopes to be Design requirement Near all river water bodies, such During Included i n Contractor SQC bodies due to modified suitably t o r estrict t he , as Newaj, Kali Sindh, Kanthal Constructi construction construction soil debris entering water bodies. Clause No 501.8.6. river embankment slopes. on stage cost activities/ • Provision of Silt fencing shall be MoSRTH earthwork made at water bodies. Specifications for • Silt/sediment should be collected Road and Bridge and stockpiled for possible reuse works as s urfacing of slopes w here (CP and CP) they have to be re-vegetated. and worldwide best • Earthworks and s tone w orks t o practices be pr evented f rom i mpeding natural f low of r ivers, s treams and w ater c anals or ex isting drainage system.  Deterioration in • No vehicles or equipment should The Water Water bodies, refueling stations, During Construction Contractor SQC Surface water be par ked or r efuelled n ear (Prevention and construction camps. Constructi cost quality due to water-bodies, so as to avoid Control of Pollution) on Stage leakage from contamination f rom f uel a nd Act, 197 4 and Monitoring cost vehicles and lubricants. amendments as i ndicated in equipments and • Oil and grease traps and fuelling thereof. EMoP waste from platforms t o be provided at re- construction fuelling locations. camps. • All ch emicals a nd oi l s hall be stored aw ay f rom w ater and

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision concreted platform w ith catchment pit for spills collection. • All equipment operators, drivers, and warehouse personnel will be trained in immediate response for s pill c ontainment and eventual cleanup. Readily available, simple t o und erstand and preferably written in the local language e mergency r esponse procedure, i ncluding r eporting, will be provided by the contractors • Construction camp to be sited away from water bodies. • Wastes must be collected, stored and t aken to ap prove di sposal site only. • Water quality shall be monitored periodically. 7. Flora and Fauna  Vegetation loss • Minimize tree cutting to the Forest Conservation Throughout project corridor During the Indicated MPRDC SQC due to site extent possible. Act 1980 design above through preparation and • Roadside trees to be removed + and competent construction with prior approval of competent IRC SP: 21 and IRC Constructi authority activities and authority. SP:66 on stage Plantation Strategy • Compensatory pl antation at 1:5 basis and a dditional pl antation as per the IRC guidelines in consultation w ith F orest Department. • Regular maintenance of all trees planted. • Provision of LPG in construction camp as fuel source to avoid tree cutting, wherever possible. • Plantation of trees on both sides of t he r oad. Integrate v egetation 117

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision management ( IVM) with t he carriage way completely clear of vegetation. From the edge of the road t o t he bo undary of R OW, vegetation s tructured wi th smaller plants near the line and larger trees further away to avoid costly and pr ovide habitats for a wide v ariety of pl ants and animals. Additional pl antation near river banks to check erosion as part of compensatory plantation. • In t he event o f d esign c hanges during t he c onstruction stages additional assessments including the possibility to save trees shall be made by the EA. • Road side Plantation Strategy as per I RC s pecifications including manuring. • Control use of pesticides/fertilizers 8. Construction Camps  Impact associated • All c amps should m aintain Design Requirement All construction camps During Included i n Contractor and SQC with location minimum distance from Constructi construction EO following: on stage cost # 500 m from habitation # 1000 m f rom f orest ar eas where possible # 500 m from water bodies where possible # 500 m from through traffic route where possible • The av erage d istance be tween two camps should be 50 km

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  worker’s Health in • The location, layout and basic The Building and All construction camps During Part of the Contractor SQC construction facility provision of eac h labor Other C onstruction constructi Contract camp camp will be submitted to SQC workers (R egulation on stage prior to t heir c onstruction. T he of Employment and construction shall commence Conditions of only after approval of SQC. Service) A ct 1 996 • The contractor will maintain and necessary l iving a ccommodation The Water and ancillary facilities in (Prevention and functional and hygienic manner Control of Pollution) as approved by the EA. Act, 197 4 and • Adequate w ater and s anitary amendments latrines w ith septic t anks thereof attached to soak pits shall be provided. • Preventive m edical c are to be provided t o w orkers including a First-Aid k it t hat m ust be available in the camp. • Waste d isposal facilities s uch a s dust bins must be provided in the camps an d regular disposal of waste must be carried out . • The C ontractor w ill take a ll precautions t o protect t he workers from insect and pest to reduce t he r isk t o hea lth. T his includes t he us e of i nsecticides which s hould c omply w ith l ocal regulations. • No al coholic l iquor or pr ohibited drugs w ill b e i mported t o, s ell, give, barter to the workers of host community. • Awareness r aising t o immigrant workers/local community on communicable and s exually transmitted diseases. 119

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision 8. Management of Construction Waste/Dismantled Debris  Selection of • Unproductive/wastelands s hall Design Requirement At all Dumping Sites Constructi Part of the Contractor. SQC Dumping Sites be selected for dumping sites. and M oSRTH on contract • Away from residential areas and guidelines water bodies • Dumping s ites hav e a dequate capacity equal to the amount of debris generated. • Public perception and consent from t he v illage P anchayats has to be ob tained be fore f inalizing the location.

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  Reuse and • The existing bitumen surface disposal of shall be utilized f or pav ing of construction and cross roads, access roads, and dismantled waste paving works in construction sites a nd camps, t emporary traffic diversions, and haulage routes. • All excavated materials from roadway, s houlders, v erges, drains, cross drainage will be used f or ba ckfilling embankments, f illing pi ts, a nd landscaping. • Unusable debr is m aterial should be s uitably di sposed off a t p re- designated d isposal l ocations, with appr oval of t he c oncerned authority. The bituminous wastes shall be di sposed i n s ecure landfill sites only in environmentally accepted manner. F or r emoval o f deb ris, wastes and its disposal MOSRTH guidelines should be followed. • Unusable and surplus m aterials, as d etermined by t he P roject Engineer, w ill be r emoved a nd disposed off-site. 8. Accessibility, Traffic Management, Accident and Safety Risks  Design • Temporary t raffic di version s hall Throughout the pr oject c orridor During Project Contractor SQC requirement and be planned by the contractor and Design requirement especially at intersections. constructi preparation Traffic Planning approved by the ‘Engineer’. and on stage and During • The t raffic c ontrol pl ans s hall IRC SP:55 construction Construction contain details of diversions; cost Stage traffic safety arrangements during c onstruction; safety measures for nighttime traffic 121

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision and precautions f or transportation of hazardous materials. T raffic c ontrol pl ans shall be prepared in line with requirements of IRC’s SP 55 document’. • The C ontractor w ill en sure t hat the d iversion/detour is al ways maintained i n running c ondition, particularly dur ing t he m onsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow. • On s tretches w here i t i s not possible to pass the traffic on the part w idth of ex isting carriageway, temporary paved diversions will be constructed. • Restriction of c onstruction activity t o on ly one s ide of t he existing road. • The c ontractor shall inform l ocal community of c hanges t o t raffic routes, an d p edestrian ac cess arrangements w ith as sistance from “Engineer”. • Use of adequate s ignages to ensure t raffic m anagement and safety. Conduct of regular safety audit on safety measures.  Pedestrians, • All m easures for t he s afety of Design requirement Near habitation on both sides of Included i n Contractor in SQC animal and traffic during c onstruction v iz. and schools, t emples, ho spitals, construction consultation Vehicular signs, markings, flags, lights and • IRC: S P: 2 7 - graveyards, c onstruction s ites, cost. with Forest movement, flagmen a s pr oposed i n t he 1984 R eport haulage r oads, di version s ites department Traffic C ontrol P lan/Drawings Containing (refer Table 5. 3. Some of the and MPRDC shall be taken. Recommendation specific locations are: Khujner, s of IRC Regional • Temporary access and diversion, Workshops on Chapikheda, Z irapur, with proper drainage facilities. Highway Safety Goghatpur, Monakhedi etc. • Access t o t he schools, t emples • IRC:SP: 32 -1988 and other public places must be Road S afety f or maintained w hen c onstruction Children ( 5-12

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision takes place near them. Years Old) • Fencing w herever c attle • IRC:SP: 44 -1994 movement is expected. To avoid Highway S afety Code the need for cattle underpasses, • IRC: S P: 5 5 - some of the proposed culverts 2001 G uidelines `near hab itations may be for S afety i n widened to facilitate cattle Construction movement. Zones  Safety of Workers • Contractors to adopt and • The Building and Construction sites Constructi Included i n Obligation of SQC and accident risk maintain safe working practices. other on period construction Contractor from construction • Usage of fluorescent and Construction cost activities workers Act 1996 retroflectory signage, i n local and Cess Act of language at the construction 1996 sites • Factories Act • Training to w orkers on s afety 1948 procedures and precautions. • Mandatory appointment of safety officer. • All r egulations r egarding safe scaffolding, l adders, w orking platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and s afe means of entry and egress shall be complied with. • Provision of PPEs to workers. • Provision of a r eadily av ailable first ai d uni t i ncluding an adequate supply of dr essing materials. • The c ontractor w ill not em ploy any person below the age of 14 years for any work • Use of h azardous material should b e m inimized an d/or restricted. • Emergency plan (to be approved by engineer) shall be prepared to respond to any accidents or 123

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision emergencies. • Accident Prevention Officer must be appointed by the contractor.  Accident risk to • Restrict a ccess t o co nstruction Construction sites local community sites to authorized personnels • Physical separation must be provided for movement of vehicular and human traffic. • Adequate signages must be provided f or s afe t raffic movement 9. Common Property Resources and other Utilities  Utilities • All telephone and electrical Project requirement Throughout the corridor Before Included i n Contractor/SQ SQC poles/wires an d und erground Constructi construction / C cables should be shifted before on R and R cost. start of construction 10. Enhancement Measures  Environmental • Maintenance of tree Environmental Throughout the corridor Design Construction Contractor SQC enhancement plantations. Enhancement as and cost along the corridor • Enhancement/rehabilitation of part of pr oject Constructi borrow areas and c amp s ites requirement on Stage etc. 11. Contractor Demobilization

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  Clean-up • Contractor w ill pr epare s ite Project requirement Throughout the Corridor and Immediate ---- Contractor SQC Operations, restoration pl ans, which will b e borrow areas ly a fter Restoration and approved by the ‘Engineer’. Constructi Rehabilitation The clean-up and restoration on operations ar e t o b e implemented by t he c ontractor prior to demobilization. • All construction zones including river-beds, culverts, road-side areas, c amps, ho t m ix pl ant sites, c rushers, batching p lant sites and any other area used/affected by the project will be l eft c lean and tidy, at t he contractor's ex pense, t o t he satisfaction o f the Environmental officer. All t he opened borrow areas will be rehabilitated .and ‘Engineer’ will certify in this regard. B. Operation Stage 1. Climate and Air quality  Air pollution due • Roadside t ree p lantations s hall Environmental Throughout the Corridor Througho Indicated In SQC/contractor to due to be maintained. Protection Act, ut EMoP vehicular • Regular maintenance of the road 1986; The Air operation movement will be d one to e nsure g ood (Prevention and period surface condition Control of Pollution) • Vehicular ai r pollution will be Act, 1981 managed a nd m onitored a t t he toll plazas. • Ambient air quality monitoring. If monitored parameters are above the pr escribed l imit, s uitable control measures must be taken. • Technological and behavioral changes • Road s igns shall b e pr ovided reminding the motorist to 125

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision properly m aintain t heir v ehicles to ec onomize on f uel consumption and pr otect t he environment. 2. Noise Environment  Noise due to • Effective traffic management Noise P ollution Noise s ensitive locations as Througho Included in SQC movement of and good riding conditions shall (Regulation and given in Table 5.1 (chapter 5) ut additional traffic be m aintained t o r educe t he Control) R ules, operation plantation cost. noise level throughout the 2000 and period stretch and speed limitation and amendments honking restrictions may be thereof enforced near sensitive locations. • The effectiveness of the multilayered plantation should be m onitored and if nee d b e, solid noi se bar rier s hall b e placed. • Create awareness amongst the residents a bout l ikely noi se levels from road operation at different d istances, t he s afe ambient no ise l imits a nd ea sy to implement noise reduction measures w hile c onstructing a building close to the road.

3. Land and Soil  Soil erosion at • Periodic checking to be carried Project requirement At bridge locations specifically at Througho Included in SQC embankment to as sess t he ef fectiveness of Newaj, Kali Sindh, Kanthal river ut Operation/ during heavy the s tabilization m easures v iz. and embankment slopes and operation Maintenance rain fall. turfing, s tone p itching, r iver other probable soil erosion period cost training structures etc. areas. • Necessary m easures t o b e followed w herever t here ar e failures 4. Water Resources

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  Contamination of • Monitoring of surface water Near surface Water bodies surface water bodies specifically at Newaj, Kali Sindh, Indicated in quality due to Kanthal river EMoP leakage of oil  Siltation • Regular visual checks shall be made to observe any incidence of bl ockage o f dr ains/culverts. Regular checks shall be made for s oil er osion and t urfing conditions of r iver t raining structures fo r its e ffective maintenance.  Water logging • Regular checks s hall be d one Throughout the corridor due to blockage along t he al ignment t o en sure of streams that flow of water is maintained through c ross dr ains and o ther channels/streams. • Monitoring of w ater bor ne diseases due to stagnant water bodies  Protection of • Immediate removal of deposited Project requirement Identified Flood prone areas During Operation and SQC Embankment in silt f rom dr ainage channels a nd whole Maintenance Flood prone out-let poi nts. R ejuvenation of operation Cost Areas the drainage system by removing stage encroachments/ congestions. This s hall be don e i n c lose coordination w ith c oncerned department. • Long term strategy to be w orked out with water resources, agriculture, soil and other department. 5. Flora and Fauna 127

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  Vegetation • Planted trees, shrubs, and Forest Conservation Throughout project section During Indicated in SQC grasses to be properly Act 1980 whole Monitoring cost maintained. operation in EMoP • The t ree s urvivalist a udit t o b e period conducted at least once in a year to assess the effectiveness • Maintenance of b ox c ulverts, wherever provided. 6. Flooding/ inundation  Road inundation • MPRDC will ens ure t hat al l Project operation Throughout t he s tretch During Overall SQC due to choking of drains (side drains and all cross requirement particularly in rolling topography whole Operation cost drainage drainages) are per iodically section operation channels cleared e specially be fore period monsoon season to facilitate the qu ick pa ssage of r ainwater and avoid flooding. 7. Right-of-Way Maintenance  Accident Risk due • Efforts s hall be made t o m ake Project requirement Throughout the Project route During Included in SQC to uncontrolled shoulder completely clear of whole operation/ growth of vegetation. operation Maintenance vegetation • Regular maintenance of period. cost plantation along the roadside • Invasive plant not to be planted near the road. 8. Accidents and Safety  Accident risks • Traffic c ontrol m easures, IRC:SP:55 Throughout the Project route During Included in SQC associated with including s peed limits, will be whole operation/ traffic movement. enforced strictly. operation Maintenance • Further e ncroachment a nd period. cost squatting within the ROW will be prevented. • No s chool or ho spital w ill be allowed to be es tablished within 100 m of t he h ighway w ithout permission f rom t he pl anning authorities.

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision • Monitor/ensure t hat a ll safety provisions included in design and construction p hase ar e properly maintained • Highway pat rol un it(s) f or r ound the c lock pa trolling. P hone booths f or ac cidental r eporting and ambulance s ervices w ith minimum response time for rescue of any accident victims if possible. • Tow-away f acility f or t he br eak down vehicles if possible. • Coordination with operating agency of i ntersecting N ational Highways t o h ave c ommon facilities and share the costs as appropriate if possible.  Transport of • Preparation of spill prevention Throughout the project stretch Included in SQC Dangerous and c ontrol and em ergency operation/ Goods preparedness and responsive Maintenance plans based on an ana lysis of cost. hazards, i mplementation of presentation and c ontrol measures. • Emergency plan for vehicles carrying hazardous material 9. Monitoring Operation Performance  Monitoring • The M PRDC will monitor the Throughout the corridor Included in SQC Operation operational performance of the EMoP Performance various mitigation/ enhancement measures carried out as a part of the project • The i ndicators s elected for monitoring i nclude t he s urvival rate o f tr ees; u tility o f enhancement provision, status of rehabilitation of borrow areas, Air 129

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision quality, w ater qu ality, no ise levels, soil qu ality, dr ainage pattern, etc. EA: Executing Agency, MPRDC: Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation, SQC: Supervision Quality Controller, EO: Environmental Officer, IRC: Indian Road Congress

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APPENDIX 7.2: Monitoring Plan for the Performance Indicators Env. Project Frequency Approximate Indicator Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Standards Implementation Supervision Stage and Duration cost (Rs) s High v olume s ampler Hot mix plants, stone crushers to be l ocated 50 m 24 hr Contractor and construction/ earthwork Construction from t he pl ant i n t he continuous, 6x5000x3x3 through approved sites and as suggested by NAAQS SQC stage downwind direction. 3/year for 3 =Rs. 2,70,000 monitoring SQC Use method specified years agency SPM, (Total 6 Locations) by CPCB for analysis Air RSPM, SO2, High v olume s ampler Quality NOX, CO, to be l ocated 50 m Major R oad I ntersections and 24 hr SQC through HC from the selected 6X5000x3X1 Operation Residential area continuous, approved locations i n t he NAAQS =Rs 90,000 SQC stage (6 Locations) 3/year for 1 monitoring downwind direction. year agency Use method specified by CPCB for analysis Groundwater at C onstruction Camps/site and Surface water Ground at and downstream of Newaj, Contractor Construction water: (IS: 3/year for 3 6x 4000x3X3 through approved Kali S indh, K anthal river a nd CPCB SQC stage 10500:1991) years =Rs 216, 000 monitoring and Grab s ample c ollected any l arge po nd located c lose agency Surface from s ource and to the alignment being used by water for analyze as per local community. Water Class D and Quality Class E as Standard Methods for Groundwater at 2 locations and Prescribed Examination of Water Surface w ater s ample o f by CPCB and Wastewater Newaj, K ali S indh, K anthal EO through Operation 3/year for 1 6X3x4000 approved and for river ( downstream of br idge CPCB SQC stage vector borne year =Rs 72, 000 monitoring Location) and s tagnant water agency diseases bodies dev eloped du e t o borrow areas 131

Env. Project Frequency Approximate Indicator Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Standards Implementation Supervision Stage and Duration cost (Rs) s Once during Guidelines rainy seasons Routine work from water Construction of the of Engineering Contractor SQC resources Siltation Visual Checks f or pr esence of All ri vers/streams/drainage construction Team department in Water construction de bris/waste and channels and major w ater period. Bodies bodies along the stretch Guidelines EO, with support blockade of drainage channels Once during Routine work from water of Water Operation operation of of Engineering SQC st resources Resource 1 year Team department Department Construction sites, major road Free field at 1 m from intersections and 1 each at 24 hr 10x1500x3x3 Construction the eq uipment w hose residential, c ommercial an d continuous, =Rs. 1,35,000 SQC SQC stage noise levels are being sensitive l ocations al ong t he 3*/year for 3 Equivalent determined. alignment. years Noise levels Noise (10 Locations) on dB (A) MoEF levels Equivalent Noise scale for day levels u sing an Near residential, commercial and night Operation integrated noi se level and silence zone. 3 / year for 1 6x3000x3X1 SQC SQC stage meter kept a t a (6 Locations) year =Rs 54, 000 distance of 15 m from edge of Pavement NPK (ICAR standard ) Once during CPCB and Construction and heavy agricultural l and an d H MP whole NPK as per 12,000 SQC SQC Stage metals for sites construction ICAR Soil dredging stage standard Quality sites At oil s pillage lo cations a nd Once for the Operation Oil and As specified by the other pr obable s oil first year of CPCB 12,000 SQC SQC stage grease site eng ineer contamination location operation MPRDC/SQC Part of routine Construction Visual action of After first rain Contractor MPRDC Stage Visual check Throughout the project Checks engineering Soil for Soil corridor es pecially at R iver team Erosion erosion and banks, br idge l ocations Part of routine Once during Operation siltation structures Visual action of operation of Engineering Team of MPRDC Stage st Checks engineering 1 year team

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Env. Project Frequency Approximate Indicator Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Standards Implementation Supervision Stage and Duration cost (Rs) s Part of routine Once in a Construction None action of Contractor’s year before SQC stage Throughout the P roject Specific engineering Engineering Team Drainage rainy season Corridor especially at probable team Congesti Visual Checks drainage congestion areas as Once in a Part of routine on Operation described in IEE year before None action of MPRDC Engineering Team Stage rainy season Specific engineering for 3 yrs team IRC guidelines Identification of and Best Contractor with Construction Visual Once in a borrow areas as per Borrow areas to be operated Practices approval from SQC Stage Checks month IEE for Borrow MPRDC Borrow Part of the area Areas Contract operation Borrow Operation Visual Rehabilitation as Quarterly for 1 Area Closed Borrow Areas MPRDC Stage Checks recommended in IEE year rehabilitatio n Plan Storage Area, Construct Construction IRC Quarterly ion Sites for guidelines Part of the Contractor with Construction Rapid a udit as p er during Sites and Hygiene, Construction Sites and Camp and to the regular approval from SQC stage reporting format construction Labour drainage satisfaction monitoring E.O., MPRDC period Camp Medical of SQC Facilities Etc. During site Surveillance m onitoring of t rees Construction Throughout t he P roject clearance in felling SQC/Local Forest Departments Stage Section construction As phase Included in Tree suggested overall The Engineer will be responsible Plantatio by Forest plantation Cost for monitoring upto the Defect n Operation Audit for survival rate of trees Throughout t he P roject Once in a Dept. Liability Period in any particular stage plantation Section year for years stretch. After this period the SQC will be responsible for monitoring 133

Env. Project Frequency Approximate Indicator Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Standards Implementation Supervision Stage and Duration cost (Rs) s Monitoring Costs: INR 0.86 Million MPRDC – Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation Limited, EO: Environmental Officer, SQC-Supervision Quality Controller; IS - India standard; NOx - Nitrogen Oxide; Pb - Plumbum, (lead); RPM - Respirable Particulate Matter; SO2 - Sulfur Dioxide; SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter, HC- Hydrocarbon, CO- Carbon monoxide