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Brasiliorchis: a New Genus for the Maxillaria Picta Alliance (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae) Author(S): Rodrigo B

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Brasiliorchis: a New Genus for the Maxillaria Picta Alliance (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae) Author(S): Rodrigo B Brasiliorchis: A New Genus for the Maxillaria picta Alliance (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae) Author(s): Rodrigo B. Singer, Samantha Koehler, Germán Carnevali Source: Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature, 17(1):91-99. 2007. Published By: Missouri Botanical Garden DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/1055-3177(2007)17[91:BANGFT]2.0.CO;2 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/ full/10.3417/1055-3177%282007%2917%5B91%3ABANGFT%5D2.0.CO %3B2 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/ page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non- commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Brasiliorchis: A New Genus for the Maxillaria picta Alliance (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae) Rodrigo B. Singer Departamento de Botaˆnica, Instituto de Biocieˆncias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonc¸alves 9500, Bloco IV, Predio 43432, Sala 207, Bairro Agronomia, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. [email protected] Samantha Koehler Departamento de Botaˆnica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil. [email protected] Germa´n Carnevali Herbarium CICY, Centro de Investigacio´n Cientı´fica de Yucata´n A. C., Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburna´ de Hidalgo, 97200 Me´rida, Yucata´n, Me´xico. [email protected] ABSTRACT . Brasiliorchis R. Singer, S. Koehler & RESUMO .Ogeˆnero Brasiliorchis R. Singer, S. Carnevali is here proposed to include the orchid Koehler & Carnevali, e´ proposto para conter aquelas species formerly recognized in the Maxillaria picta espe´cies de orquı´deas antes incluidas na Alianc¸a alliance, an orchid group mostly endemic to the Maxillaria picta; um agrupamento primariamente Atlantic Rain Forest Biome, in south and southeastern endeˆmico do bioma Mata Atlaˆntica, no Sul e Sudeste Brazil. The new genus is supported by both morpho- do Brasil. Este novo geˆnero e´ sustentado tanto por logical features and ongoing molecular studies. The caracteres morfolo´gicos quanto por estudos de new genus is easily diagnosed by its sulcate to ridged, biologia molecular em andamento. O novo geˆnero e´ bifoliate pseudobulbs and its long-lasting, campanu- facilmente diagnosticado pelos seus pseudobulbos late, rewardless flowers. The pollinaria of these flowers bifoliados, sulcados a canaliculados e pelas suas are normally devoid of stipes. Formal diagnosis of the flores campanuladas, duradouras e sem recompensas genus and 13 taxonomic combinations are presented: florais. Os polina´rios destas espe´cies normalmente Brasiliorchis barbozae (Loefgren) R. Singer, S. Koehler carecem de estipes. Apresenta-se a diagnose formal & Carnevali, B. chrysantha (Barbosa Rodrigues) R. do novo geˆnero, bem como treze novas combinac¸oes Singer, S. Koehler & Carnevali, B. consanguinea taxonoˆmicas: Brasiliorchis barbozae (Loefgren) R. (Klotzsch) R. Singer, S. Koehler & Carnevali, B. Singer, S. Koehler & Carnevali, B. chrysantha gracilis (Loddiges) R. Singer, S. Koehler & Carnevali, (Barbosa Rodrigues) R. Singer, S. Koehler & B. heismanniana (Barbosa Rodrigues) R. Singer, S. Carnevali, B. consanguinea (Klotzsch) R. Singer, S. Koehler & Carnevali, B. kautskyi (Pabst) R. Singer, S. Koehler & Carnevali, B. gracilis (Loddiges) R. Singer, Koehler & Carnevali, B. marginata (Lindley) R. Singer, S. Koehler & Carnevali, B. heismanniana (Barbosa S. Koehler & Carnevali, B. phoenicanthera (Barbosa Rodrigues) R. Singer, S. Koehler & Carnevali, B. Rodrigues) R. Singer, S. Koehler & Carnevali, B. picta kautskyi (Pabst) R. Singer, S. Koehler & Carnevali, B. (Hooker) R. Singer, S. Koehler & Carnevali, B. marginata (Lindley) R. Singer, S. Koehler & Carne- polyantha (Barbosa Rodrigues) R. Singer, S. Koehler vali, B. phoenicanthera (Barbosa Rodrigues) R. & Carnevali, B. porphyrostele (Reichenbach f.) R. Singer, S. Koehler & Carnevali, B. picta (Hooker) R. Singer, S. Koehler & Carnevali, B. schunkeana Singer, S. Koehler & Carnevali, B. polyantha (Barbosa (Campacci & Kautsky) R. Singer, S. Koehler & Rodrigues) R. Singer, S. Koehler & Carnevali, B. Carnevali, and B. ubatubana (Hoehne) R. Singer, S. porphyrostele (Reichenbach f.) R. Singer, S. Koehler & Koehler & Carnevali. Lectotypes are designated for B. Carnevali, B. schunkeana (Campacci & Kautsky) R. barbozae, B. chrysantha, B. heismanniana, B. phoeni- Singer, S. Koehler & Carnevali e B. ubatubana canthera, B. picta, and B. polyantha. A neotype is (Hoehne) R. Singer, S. Koehler & Carnevali. Sa˜o proposed for B. consanguinea. In addition, a key to propostos lecto´tipos para B. barbozae, B. chrysantha, distinguish Brasiliorchis from other sympatric bifoliate B. heismanniana, B. phoenicanthera, B. picta e B. orchids within Brazilian Maxillariinae is presented. polyantha. Propo˜e-se um neo´tipo para B. consangui- NOVON 17: 91–99. PUBLISHED ON 23 APRIL 2007. 92 Novon nea. Ale´m disto apresenta-se uma chave dicotoˆmica An additional finding from these molecular studies para separar Brasiliorchis das outras orquı´deas of the Maxillariinae is that, in its former circumscrip- Maxillariinae bifoliadas brasileiras. tion (Atwood & Mora de Retana, 1999), the genus Maxillaria is not monophyletic. Even after the Key words: Brasiliorchis, Maxillaria, Maxillarii- removal of the peripheral species groupings above, it nae, Maxillaria picta alliance, morphology, taxonomy. becomes evident from the topology of the most parsimonious cladograms that the genus Maxillaria The subtribe Maxillariinae (Orchidaceae) com- in its former circumscription is grossly polyphyletic or prises a well-supported monophyletic assemblage of paraphyletic. Several of the traditionally recognized neotropical species (Whitten et al, 2000). However, genera in the conduplicate-leaved Maxillariinae (e.g., generic delimitations within the subtribe are un- Trigonidium Lindley, Mormolyca Fenzl) are nested convincing and need significant improvement (Dress- within the genus Maxillaria (Whitten et al., un- ler, 1993). For that reason, a multidisciplinary task published data; Fig. 1). Thus, a major generic group (http://128.227.186.212/herbarium/max/people/ realignment of the Maxillariinae is required. people.htm) involving researchers from different Preliminary results based on combined, phyloge- countries and institutions was assembled to attempt netic analyses of multiple sequence data for the a solution for this problem. The main goal of this subtribe Maxillariinae (regions ITS 1–2, matK, and project is to reconstruct a molecular phylogeny for the atpB-rbcL spacer, 320 taxa, see Fig. 1) clearly entire subtribe based on multiple DNA sequence data indicate that species belonging to the Maxillaria picta (M. Whitten, pers. comm.) in order to provide a solid Hooker alliance (sensu Singer & Koehler, 2004) form framework to a more robust, phylogenetically accept- a well-supported (bootstrap 5 100%, Fig. 1), mono- able, generic delimitation. Such a reliable phylogeny phyletic assemblage (Singer & Koehler, 2004; M. will allow the re-evaluation of the non-molecular Whitten, pers. comm.). In addition, this group can be characters that are currently used to distinguish the easily recognized by a distinctive set of morphological genera within Maxillariinae. A preliminary molecular features, as shown below. cladogram based on the regions ITS 1–2, matK, Traditionally, the Maxillaria picta assemblage has and atpB-rbcL spacer, and 320 taxa is already been considered a subgroup or section within the available online (http://128.227.186.212/herbarium/ genus Maxillaria (Christenson, 2002; Hoehne, 1953; max/phylogenetics/phylogenetics.htm). A simplified Pabst & Dungs, 1977; Pfizer, 1889; Senghas, 1996). version of this cladogram is shown in Figure 1, with The M. picta alliance falls outside (Fig. 1) the updated bootstrap values (M. Whitten, pers. comm.). Maxillaria core, that subgroup within the Maxillar- Some relevant recent findings deserve to be iinae containing the type species of Maxillaria (M. highlighted. The circumscription of the subtribe platypetala Ruiz & Pavo´n). Instead, the M. picta Maxillariinae was broadened to encompass the former alliance appears more closely related to a mainly subtribes Lycastiinae and Bifrenariinae (Whitten et Andean clade containing the M. chartacifolia Ames & al., 2000). Some Maxillariinae subgroups (or alli- C. Schweinfurth clade, plus the Cryptocentrum ances, see Pabst & Dungs, 1977) formerly recognized Bentham/Anthosiphon Schlechter clade. The Crypto- under the large genus Maxillaria Ruiz & Pavo´n have centrum/Anthosiphon clade holds species with several been transferred to other genera on the basis of floral and vegetative autapomorphies and has no diagnostic morphological characters (Barros, 2002; obvious morphological similarity (either in floral or Ojeda
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