U.S. Tundra Biome Data Report 74-1

BARROW THAW DATA 1970-1974.

J. Brown, P,J. Webber,. S.F. MacLean: Jr., P.L. Gersper and P.S. Flint

December 197 4

..

U.S. TUNDRA BlOME

Ecosystem Analysia Studies U.S. International Biological Program U.S. Arctic Research Program lARRY S. UNDERWOOD U.S. Tundra Biome Data Report 74-18

BARROW THAW DATA 1970-1974

J. Brown Research Division u.s. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory P.J. Webber INSTAAR University of Colorado

S.F. MacLean, Jr. College of Biological Sciences University of Alaska

P.L. Gersper ·and P.S. Flint Department of Soils and Plant Nutrition University of Californi~ (Berkeley)

December 1974

U.S. TUNDftA BIOME Ecosystem Analysis Studies U.S. International Biological Progr8Jl\ u.s. Arctic Research Program PREFACE

This document contains project data summaries and appropriate text. The report, in its current form, is intended for internal Biome circula­ tion so that J:>elevant data are easily available to other Biome investiga­ tors. It is not intended to be a citable reference as editing, style control and other formatting has not been rigorously performed. If an individual chooses to reference or quote data or interpretations contained in this report, the form in the back of this report should be completed and appropriate approval obtained. Additional forms are available from J. Brown, USACRREL, P.o. Box 282, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755.

Many individuals from the Barrow-based projects cooperated in cv.L­ lecting the thaw data throughout the period of record. Rather than at­ tempt to list every one individually and at the risk of missing a few, we would like to collectively acknowledge every one who braved the rigors of the arctic to stab the tundra for the glory of it all!

Funds for the collection of these data came from the National Science Foundation's support of the Tundra. Biome to seYeral universities and from USACRREL in-house research program. Field suppo1:t at Barrow was through the Naval Arctic Research Laboratory .of the Office of Naval Research.

ii INTRODUCTION

Depths of soil thaw were measured at varying levels of intensity throughout the Biome years at Barrow. Method of measuremeh't ~ by probing with a narrow-diameter metAl rod to the point of contact with the hard frozen soil or underlying permafrost.

The site one and two plots were measured every 10 days during 1970 and 1971 and selected plots were checked for maximum seasonal values in

1972, 1973 and 1974. Table I contains the seasonal progression of thaw for sites 1 and 2. Addi tionai thaw data were obtained on site 4 plots

starting 'in 1971. The late swmner thaw depths for sites 1 1 2 and 4 for the period of record are contained in Table II.

In addition to these plots, thaw data were obtained from the ordina­ tion plots (see Data Report 73-22) during the years 1972-1974. These data are presented in Table III.

Finally, in 1973 a soil-vegetation grid was established on site 4 and thaw data was obtained at intersections of grid points. These data are contained in Table IV.

Figure 1 contains a location map of al ~ plots from which systematic thaw data were collected during 1970-1974. Table I. Seo.sonal Progression of Thaw ( 1970 + 1971) ,

1970 !2I!

Site ? (n • 22) Site 1 (n • 30 )

Treatment Plot 23 J une 25 J une 4July 14 July 24 July 3 Aug . 13 Aug. 23 Aug . 2 Sept. 26/27 June 29 J une 4July 15 July 25 July 4 Aug. 14 Aug. Control lo6 -- 8.9 12.9 17.0 19. 2 21.7 22 . 2 22 . 4 23 . 2 -- 9.1 -- 18. 3 21.4 25 .8 25.0 Control 107 -- 7.6 10. 4 15.6 16 . 2 17 . 3 l7o6 l 7o6 l 9 o0 -- 9. 2 -- 16.7 19 . 2 22.9 25 . 2 Above- Heat 111 -- 10 .8 15o0 20 .0 2;i . 3 28 . 2 29 o'' 30ol 31.9 -- 8.6 -- 21.2 27.7 32. 3 31.3 Below... Heat 112 -- 6.8 18. 2 21.8 28 .7 33 . 2 35 . 3 37 .0 38 .0 -- 17.4/67.8 - - 27 .3/6607 36 . 2/68. 4 41. 5/6? .7 46.4/66.0 Oil 113 -- 12.9 ------21.0 21.4 21.8 -- 10.1 -- 18 . 4 24 .9 24 .6 24 .8 Oil 114 -- 11. 3 ------21.3 22 .6 21.9 -- 10 . 2 -- l 8 o3 24 .9 25 .7 27 .3 High Dist. 115 -- -- 17.7 21.2 24 o3 25 .6 27.0 27 .0 27 o7 -- 15 .1 -- -- 27 .7 27.5 28 . 4 Low Dist. 116 -- -- 15 .6 19. 2 21.0 23 .0 23 o4 23 .9 24 o4 -- 10. 3 -- -- 27. 7 25 .9 25 .8

Si t e 1 (n • 22) Site 2 w Control 201 12.6 16 . 2 18.8 21.7 211. 5 27 .9 27 . 5 28 . 4 27 .6 13.6 -- -- 21.2 26 .7 -- 29 ·" Control 202 7.7 lO o8 14.9 18 .6 20.8 22 .7 27 °8 23 . 5 211.5 9. 4 -- -- 20 .3 24.8 -- 29 . 2 Control 203 11.9 -- 18.9 23 . 2 25o9 27 .9 27 o7 28 o4 29 o5 10.3 -- -- 20 . 5 25.9 -- 28 . 3 Control 204 -- -- 15 o5 19. 3 2:0 05 24 . 2 24 09 211. 6 25 o3 13.8 -- -- l 9 o8 22.0 -- 24 .7 Control 205 8. 5 -- 15. 2 19o0 20 o4 22 .9 24 .0 23 .6 24 07 10. 3 -- -- 18.7 22. ): -- 22. 2 Control 2o6 13.9 -- 18. 3 21.8 23 . 5 25 .6 25 . 3 25. 5 26 .1 11.9 -- 15.5 21.7 27 . 1 -- 27 .6 Control 207 9 . 5 12o7 15.1 19.9 21.9 25 .h 25 . 2 25.3 26 .0 11.1 -- 17.8 20 . 2 24 .0 -- 26 .0 Control 208 11.3 -- 17.6 21.7 23 .6 24 . 5 26 . 2 26 . 4 26 04 11.8 -- 17. 5 20.2 24.6 -- 27 .1 Control 209 11.7 -- 17.7 22 .0 23 .7 ?~.5 26 . 5 26 .9 27 . 3 11.1 -- 17.8 20 . 3 26 o6 -- 27.4 Control 210 9.9 -- l7o9 21.9 24 o4 25 . 5 0>6 .9 26 08 27 o5 12.0 -- 16 .8 .. 26 .8 -- 26 .9 Clip-Clear 226 14.7 17 .7 19 o5 24 . 5 26 . 4 28 . 2 <8 . 4 28 oO 29 . <1 13.1/14 .0 -- l9o5 24 .8 29 . 4 -- 32.3 Clip-Clear 227 17.6 21.0 23 .7 28.6 32 05 34 .4 :;; 5. ;? 35 . 3 36 04 12. 5/16.1 -- 24 .0 25 .0 28 .6 -- 31.0 Clip-Uncl. 228 15.4 -- 18. 7 22 . 2 24 05 26 .7 27 .'· 27 o3 28. 5 8.6/10 . 3 -- 17. 2 21.1 28 . 5 -- 30.3 Clip- Unc l. 229 13 .9 -- l 9 o2 22 o7 25 .0 26.8 27 . ~ 27 . 3 28 . 2 11.9/10.8 -- l6o7 21.7 26 . 5 -- 30 .1 Lt . Mulch 230 10.9 -- 16 .9 19.8 22 . 2 23 o3 24 .6 24 . 1 25 . 5 8.9/ 8.o -- 14 .1 20 . 5 25 .8 -- 28 .3 Hyo ~lulch 231 9. 5 12 . 5 15 . 5 19.0 19.6 20 o8 21.0 21.2 22 . 3 11.1/ 10.0 -- 14 . 8 18.8 22 o5 -- 25 .1 20-10-10 232 16.!> -- l9o7 23 . 4 26 . 3 28.0 <9 . 1 28 o4 29 ·'' 11.0 -- -- 23.9 27 .8 -- 31 . 4 8- 32-16 233 10.4 -- l6 o2 19 .8 21.6 23.1 o4 .o 23 . 2 24 . 4 11.0 -- -- 18.6 23 . 5 -- 27.0 Wind 234 8. ' -- 16.0 19 .6 22 . 1 23 .9 . 4.6 25.0 25 o3 9. 3 -- -- 19 .1 23 .6 -- 27 . 2 Grazed 235 17. 3 -- 20 o0 24 .0 26 . 2 28 . 2 28 .7 28 oO 29 .8 9.6 -- -- 19. 3 24 .6 -- 28.1 Grazed 236 11 .8 -- 18. 8 21.6 23 .6 2~ . 6 26 o3 26 . 3 27 . 5 16. 2 -- -- 21.1 26 02 -- 27-3 n = 38/70 20 38 38 38 .. / 1309 I I ' \ I I I I ' I I ' I I ' ~ I ' - N- I I 1307 11306 I I '' \ I I '' I I ''I ' "1308 I Jr::::;::-~eg~ I // ...... I I / ~~' ...... I . ~ I , __ ,.,.. .-;,.., ""\\' 114A Ji30t I I .... I I 113";\.11 48 .... I r - -" I.!'J ,,- I -- II 5o 107~01~2 01138 ,, I \I I "sooDtll I I I 106 I \ t 1312 I 1\ \1 ~23 1313.. I I I I I II I 1\ I 1\,, \1311 "f / _ .11.J.o.t.•:,.. __ , _____ ; \I I r- ;--"' \I 1316 / ~/ - , I ·----' II 1304 229 II 0 1315"-" .... 1314 250o'Wz 2<,l6 28J 201 II 13030 0~'<>202 D g-202 ,I II 1\) 26cPq 8,.. ;~ 255~03 232/ 2 3 ~ ... II o Site 2 11 226fA' 2100 209 -- 11 1'-' ' 2210 Ozo5 II 22810 ', 2~ ¢1z04 II II 23b-<> ' ~~ II ~ 207':R.fi._C'P 2o8 II 231 II En loroement II 11 II \I ---- -, r------, ,, I I I, 1\ I I ,, I I \I I I ,, LtQend I 1 I' I I I I' •Buil csinos I I I II ------J L------.J a Plots I' I Ordination Plots 1\ \I 410 II ~~~~TnnT~TnnT~~~ A II I',, I' ~ran sect I' I' I ' I'I\ II 11325 \\ II 0 100 200 meters II ..-1324 \\ 4090 0403 II

Figure 1. wcation of plots from which thaw data were collected •. Table I. Sensonal Progressi on or Th av ( 1970 • 1971 ).

1970 1<;71

Site 2 (n • 22) Site 1 (n • 30 ) Treatme nt Plot 23 June 25 June 4 July 14 July 24 July 3 Aug. 13 Aug . 23 Aug . 2 Sept. 26/27 June 29 June 4July 15 July 25 July 4 Aug . 14 Aug. Control lo6 -- 8.9 12.9 17 .0 19. 2 21.7 22 . 2 22 . 4 23. 2 -- 9 .1 -- 18.3 21.4 25 .8 25 .0 Cont rol 107 -- 7.6 10 . 4 15 .6 ~ 6 . 2 17 . 3 17 .6 17.6 19.0 -- 9. 2 -- 16.7 19. 2 22.9 25 . 2 Above- Heat 111 -- 10.8 15 .0 20 .0 25.3 28.2 29 .1• 30 .1 31.9 -- 8.6 -- 21.2 27 .7 32 . 3 31.3 Below- Heat 112 -- 6.8 18. 2 21.8 28 .7 33 . 2 35 . 3 37 .0 38.0 -- 17. 1•/67 .8 -- 27.3/66.7 36 . 2/68. 4 4l.5/6;q 46 . 4/66.0 Oil 113 -- 12.9 ------21.0 21.4 21. 8 -- 10. 1 -- 18. 4 24 .9 24 .6 24 . 8 Oil 114 -- 11.3 ------21. 3 22.6 21.9 -- 10. 2 -- 18. 3 24 .9 25 .7 27 .3 High Dist. 115 -- -- 17 .7 21.2 24 .3 25.6 27 .0 27 .0 27 .7 -- 15 . 1 -- -- 27 .7 27 . 5 28 . 4 Low Dist. 116 -- -- 15.6 19. 2 21.0 23 .0 23.4 23.9 24 .1, -- 10. 3 -- -- 27 .7 25 .9 25 .8

Site l (n • 22) Site 2 w Control 201 12.6 16.2 18.8 21.7 2h . 5 27 .9 27 .5 28 . 4 27 .6 13.6 -- -- 21.2 26. 7 -- 29.4 Control 202 7.7 10.8 14 .9 18.6 20 .8 22 .7 27 .8 23. 5 21L 5 9 . 4 -- -- 20 .3 24.8 -- 29 .2 Control 203 11.9 -- 18.9 23 . 2 25 .9 27.9 27 .7 28 . 4 29 . 5 10. 3 -- -- 20 . 5 25 .9 -- 28 . 3 Control 204 -- -- 15. 5 19. 3 22. 5 24 . 2 24 .9 24.6 25 . 3 13.8 -- -- 19. 8 22 .0 -- 24 .7 Control 205 8. 5 -- 15. 2 19.0 20 . 4 22 .9 24 .0 23.6 24 .7 10.3 -- -- 18.7 22 . 3: -- 22.2 Control 2o6 13.9 -- 18. 3 21.8 23. 5 25 .6 25 . 3 25. 5 26 . 1 11.9 -- 15 . 5 21.7 27 . 1 -- 27 .6 Control 207 9. 5 12 .7 15. 1 19.9 21.9 25 . 4 25.2 25 .3 26 .0 l l.l -- 17 .8 20 .2 24 .0 -- 26 .0 Control 208 11. 3 -- 17.6 21.7 23.6 21L 5 26 . 2 26 . 4 26 . 4 11.8 -- 17. 5 20 . 2 21L 6 -- 27 .1 Control 209 ll. 7 -- 17 .7 22 .0 23.7 25 . 5 26 . 5 26 .9 27 . 3 11.1 -- 17.8 20 .3 26 .6 -- 27 . 4 Control 210 9.9 -- 17 .9 21.9 24.4 25 . 5 26 .9 26 .8 27. 5 12.0 -- 16 .8 -- 26 .8 -- 26 .9 Clip-Clear 226 14 .7 17.7 19. 5 24 . 5 26 . 4 28 . 2 28 .4 28.0 29 .'l 13. 1/14.0 -- 19 . 5 24 .8 29 . 4 -- 32. 3 Clip-Clear 227 17.6 21.0 23 .7 28 .6 32.6 34 . 1• 35 . 2 35. 3 )6. 4 12. 5/16. 1 -- 24.0 25 .0 28 .6 -- 31.0 Clip-Uncl. 228 15 . 4 -- 18.7 22 .2 24.5 26 .7 27 .9 27 . 3 28. 5 8.6/10. 3 -- 17. 2 21.1 28 . 5 -- 30. 3 Clip-uncl. 229 13.9 -- 19.2 22.7 25.0 26 .8 27 .9 27 . 3 28 .2 11.9/10.8 -- 16 .7 21.7 26.5 -- 30.1 Lt. ~lulch 230 10.9 -- 16.9 19 .8 22. 2 23. 8 24 .6 24 .1 25 . 5 8.9/ 8 .0 -- 14 .1 20 . 5 25 .8 -- 28 . 3 Hy. Mulch 231 9. 5 12 . 5 15. 5 19.0 19 .6 20. 8 21.0 21. 2 22 . 3 11 .1/10.0 -- 14 .8 18 .8 22.~ -- 25 .1 20-10-10 232 16.4 -- 19.7 23. 4 26 . 3 28.0 29 .1 28 .4 29 . 11 11.0 -- -- 23.9 27 .8 -- 31.4 8- 32-16 233 10. 4 -- 16. 2 19.8 21.,; 23.1 24 .0 23. 2 24 . 4 11.0 -- -- 18.6 23 . 5 -- 27 .0 Wind 234 8. ' -- 16 .0 19.6 22. 1 23 .9 211.6 25.0 25. 3 9 .3 -- -- 19. 1 23. 6 -- 27 . 2 Grazed 235 17. 3 -- 20 .0 24 .0 26 . 2 28 . 2 28 .7 28.0 29 .8 g .6 -- -- 19.3 24 .6 -- 28 . 1 Grazed 236 11.8 -- 18.8 21.6 23 . 6 25 .6 26.3 26 . 3 27 . 5 16.2 -- -- 21.1 26 . 2 -- 27 . 3 n ~ 38/70 20 38 38 38 Table II. Comparison or Thav Depths (1970- 1974).

Treatment P~ot 13 Aug 1970 14 Aug 1971 14 Aug 1972 111 Aug 1973 13 Aug 1974*

SITE 1

Conti J. lo6 22 . 2 25.0 25 . 3 20 . 9 Control 107 17.6 25 . 2 34. 5 24.0 Heated air 111 29 . 4 31.3 33. 5 He ated soil 112 35 .3 46/ 66 36/ 36 Oil 113 21.0 24 .8 26 .7 Oil 114 ~1.3 27. 3 I ntense phys . dist. 115 27 .0 28 . 7 31.6 31.5 Light phys . dist. 116 23 . 4 25 . 8 29. 3 28.2

Oil ( ?) 114A 29 . 8 28. 0

SITE 2

Control (lion-destructive ) 201 27 . 5 29 . 4 28. 0 27 . 3 25 .7 Control ( Non - destructive ) 202 27 . 8 29 . 2 21.9 20 .0 23 . 2 Control ( llon-destructive) 203 27 . 7 28. 3 28 .6 28.0 27.6 Control (lion- destructive ) 204 24 . 9 24 . 7 25 .7 24 .1 23.2 Control (Non- destructive ) 205 24 .0 22 . 2 25 . 3 22 .1 25 . 0 Control Destructive 206 25 . 3 27 . 6 26 . 8 25 .7 24.8 Control Destructive 207 25 . 2 26.0 27 . 4 24 .9 24 . 4 Control Destructive 208 26 . 2 27 . 1 27 . 7 24 .8 25. 2 Control Destructive 209 26 . 5 27.1> 26 . 9/28. 3 24 .4 24 . 8 Contr ol Destructive 2 0 26 . 9 26 . 9 29 .1 25 .7 23 .0 Aver aee 25 . 2 26 .9 26 . 7 24 . 7 24 . 7

Clip/Clear 226 28 . 4 32. 3 29 . 6 26. 9 C l~p/Clear "227 35 . 2 31.0 36 .6 35.7 Clip/Uncleared 228 27 . 8 30 . 3 27 . 9 24 .4 Clip/Unclear ed 229· 27 . 9 30 . 1 26 .6 25 . 0 r~ulch ( Lish t ) 230 25 .6 28 . 3 23 .5 20.1 Mulch (Intense) 231 21 .0 25 .1 21 .6 20 . 3 Fertilized ( 20- 10- 10) 232 29 .1 31.4 27 . 3 25 . 1 Fertilized (8- 32-16 ) 233 24 .0 27 . 0 22 .0 21. 5 Wind 234 24 .6 24 .9 21.5 Grazed 235 28 . 7 28 . 3 26 . 8 Grazed 236 26. 3 25 . 8 26 .1 Control (Destructive) 253 31.7 26 . 8 Control (Destructive) 254 27 .4 26 . 4 Control (Destructive ) 255 28. 3 26 .t Lysimeter (Flint) 261 30 .0 Ordination 1303 28. 3 28 .7 Ordination 1304 25 . 9 27.4

I'reatment Plot 6 Aug 1971 14 Aug 1972 14 Aug :!.973 SITE 4

Control fwet Meadow) 1101 25 . 9 24 . 8 26 . 5 Control Trough) 402 26 . 7 29 . 3 31.9 Control (Low Polygon) 403 24 . 2 31.4 33 . 5 Control (Edge of Slough) 404 24.2 26 . 2 25 . 0 Contr ol (Polygon Top) 1105 24 .0 25 .6 25 . 1 Control (Polygon Top ) 4o6 20 . 6 25 . 3 23 . 7 Control (Edge of Slough ) 1107 25 .0 24 . 3 25 . 4 Control (Center of Slough) 4o8 25.0 23 .3 25 . 3 Control (Polygon Center) 1109 22 . 1~ 22 . 8 26 .0 Control (Trough) 410 25 . 0 25 . 2 30. 1 Control (Polygon Basin) 1>11 24 . 9 25 . 1 26. 1 Contr ol (Polygon BaG in) 412 26 . 1 29 .0 28. 6 Control 413 25 . 2 26.5 414 19. 1 22 .1 416 26 . 6 25 . 7 417 21.7 25 . 6 419 28. 3 23 . 3 424 31 . 6 426 27.6 428 25 . 4 Control 429 23.3 21.8 Webber's Arctophila o43J. 30 . 0 29 . 2

• 1974 r eadinp: based on 10 probings. Table III. 1972- 1974 Se asonal Thav Depth (em ) - Barrov Ordi nati on Pl ot s.

1272 1973* 1974* Plot ~ 24 July ~ ~ 20 Jm>e 25 June 29 June l1 July 9 July 14 July 19 July 24 July 30 July ~ ~ l.l.3 ~ 13 Aug

1301 IV 20 .0* 25 . 5** 7.0 10 .0 10.0 12 .7 17.6 l8.9 23 . 5 25 . 5 26 . 3 30.7 31.3 31.4 33.1 34 .8 33.8 1302 II 30. 4 35 . 2 11.3 20 .1 20.8 ?3.1 27.8 28 .5 33 .7 35 .8 40 .5 40 .6 41. 1 42 .1 42. 3 44 .9 39 .6 1303 IV 26 . 5 29 .4 0 10.; 11.0 14.6 20. 2 21. 1 24 .7 28 .1 29 .4 30 .9 32 .7 34 . 5 33 .9 34 .1 28 .3 1304 IV 22 .7 26 .4 0 f .ll ~). s 1 5 . ~ ·"> 2 . 0 2l! .• O 27 . 3 32.8 33.4 36 .2 ;36.11 36 .7 37. 2 38 .6 27 .5 1305 III 20. 5 26.7 8. 2 9.7 11 .0 12 . 5 14 .7 15 .4 20 .8 22.8 25 .4 26 .2 27 . 5 28.1 29 .2 29 .4 24.6 13o6 II 31.1 34 .6 0 11 .4 12.0 15.1 24 .8 25 .1 30 .6 34 .0 35 .1 35 . 5 40.1 41. 8 li0.6 111. 5 36 .4 1307 II 53.0 60 .9 8.4 15 .3 16 .6 20 . 3 32 .3 38 . 5 44 .6 51.3 53 .1 56 .7 70 . 3 70. 8 711 , 2 74. 3 73 .7 13o8 II 43 .9 53. 2 11 .6 16 .6 19.6 20 . 5 26 .2 32 .1 38.8 11 2.11 42 . 5 51.6 55 .6 64 .5 63 .0 62 .8 55 .3 1309 v 16.6 21. 5 0 7.0 7.8 9.7 14 . 2 14. 5 1!:. ::; 22. 0 22. 3 24 . 2 26 .2 28 .4 30.6 32. 3 36 .1 1310 VI 26 .9 25 .4 0 0 6.9 11.0 15 .6 18.1 20 .1 21.1 25 . 5 28 .1 28 .6 28 .8 30.8 31.0 28 .2(7 .4) 1311 VI 21.7 2).6 0 9.0 10.9 12 .9 17 .3 19. 2 23 .0 25 .4 26 .0 29 .1 31.3 31. 3 31.1 30 .1 27 .6 1312 III 4).0 52. 2 0 0 0. 7 6.9 15 . 2 20 .0 30 .6 39 .6 110 .6 47. 0 53 .0 57.1 55 .6 57 . 3 56.5 1313 VI 25 . 5 27 . 5 0 8.4 9.8 15 .6 22.0 211 .0 27.8 32 .8 33 .4 )6.2 )6.4 36 .7 37.2 38 .6 36 .9 1314 VI 32.4 )0. 5 0 3. 3 6.7 8.8 13 . 3 111 .7 17 .1 19. 5 24 .3 27 .0 29.11 29 .5 31. 3 32 .1 27.7(6.7) 1315 IV 27. 2 29 .0 0 8.9 12.0 12 .7 17.9 19 . 3 21. 5 29.0 29 .8 31.4 32.1 33 .1 32 .7 32 .6 30.0 1316 III 39. 5 41.3 0 12.1 12.4 13 . 2 17 . 3 1$- .9 25.1 34 .4 34 . 5 38 .7 43 . 5 46 .2 45 .1 1!5 . 7 43 .7 \.11 1317 III 28.8 32.9 0 8.6 10 .2 13. 3 20 .9 24 .4 30 .0 30 . 5 32.9 34 . 5 35 .8 38 .8 37.1 )6.9 33 .9 1318 III 29. 2 31.7 5.2 11.1 11.4 11.6 15 .8 17 . 3 24 .9 26 .6 32. 3 )II , ) 34 .9 36 .8 36 .3 36 .7 28 . 5 1319 VII 43. 5 44 .0 0 7.2 8.2 12.9 18.1 19 .9 26 .1 28 .4 33 .1 36 .8 40.0 40 . 3 42.4 42 , 11 35 .1(7.0} 1320 VIII 86 .4 90.0 0 0 18.7 31.8 41 .6 50 .6 58 . 3 62. 2 68 .3 74 .1 8L .8 88 ,1 89. 5 9Q ,O 87.3 1321 VIII 63 ,6 76.4 0 0 2. 5 10.0 2'(.7 34 .6 42 . 5 50.4 55 .0 66 .1 71.0 74 . 5 74 .6 75 .4 75 .7 1322 VIII 78 .9 83 .3 77. 5 1323 III 8.3 9.3 11. 3 13.3 18. 2 18 . 3 19 .4 211 .2 25 .0 27 .4 27.9 28. 5 28 .6 29 .5 27 .6 1324 III 16 . 2 22. 5 0 6.1 8. 5 9.3 10 .8 12.6 15 .7 20 .1 21.11 24 .0 24 .4 25 .1 27.7 28 .2 21.7 1325 III 18.1 21. 1 0 7 4 8.0 11. 2 15.8 16 .4 20 .0 24 . 5 25 .0 26 . 2 26 . 3 26 .5 n .8 27 .9 19 .9 1326 VIII 49 .1 56 .0 0 0 0 7.6 15 .8 19.6 28 .7 37 . 3 43 .0 117 .4 53 . 5 56 .9 59 .2 59. 2 53 . 'i o2o6 IV 22 .8 26 .7 0 6.5 9. 5 11. 2 15.6 16 .6 21.2 24 .7 26 . 3 27 .9 29 .7 29 .8 29.7 30 .0 24.8 o2o8 v 24.1 27.6 0 0 3.4 7.6 11.9 14 .0 19.3 23 .7 23 .8 28. 5 29 .0 29 . 3 28 .2 28 .8 2 ~.2 0315 II 28.8 36.9 15 .7 21.5 21.9 26 .7 30. 5 31.4 34 .7 36 .6 41.4 42 .1 44 . 2 45 .0 43 .5 45 .1 46.8 0316 I 25 .0 26 .8 14 .3 17 . 5 17 .7 19 .5 23 .0 24 .1 27.9 29 .0 29.8 35 . 5 36 . 3 36 .8 35 .5 36 .7 31 . 5 0401 v 22 .7 24 .8 0 6.0 7.6 10 .8 17 . 5 18 .0 21.7 24 .9 25 .9 29 .7 29 .9 30 .4 29 . 5 30.9 25 .1 0402 v 23 .3 29 . 3 0 6.4 8.9 12 .9 17 .7 20 .6 25 .1 31.9 32.4 34 .4 36 .2 36 .11 36 .8 36 .8 30. 6 0403 III 24.6 31. 3 0 7.1 9.3 11. 2 20 .6 21.5 24 .5 30 .8 31.1 32. 5 34 .11 34 ,8 36 .9 36 . 5 33 .0 0404 IV 19.0 26 . 2 0 6.1 7.6 8.1 14 . 2 14.9 20 . 2 23 .1 25 .1 26 .8 27.7 27.9 28.7 28 .7 25 .0 0405 III 24 .7 25 .6 0 8. 3 8.8 9.8 15 . 2 17 . 3 23 . 3 26 .8 26.8 31.6 32.2 33 .0 32 .7 32 .5 23.4 04o6 III 22.6 25 . 3 0 6. 5 7.7 9.1 14 .3 15.8 19 . 5 22 .9 23 .7 27.6 2'7. 8 28 .2 31.2 31. 2 2b.8 0407 V· 23 . 2 24. 3 0 7. 5 9.9 11.7 16 .3 17 .4 21.0 25 .3 27.4 29 .11 29 .9 31.1 31.4 31. 5 26 .2 0408 v 18.9 23 .5 0 7.4 8.7 11 .8 18.4 18.6 21.3 26 .6 28 .3 28.11 28 .9 31.9 30 .6 30 . 5 26 .9 0409 VI 18.8 22 .8 0 10 .0 10.8 14 . 5 19.8 20 .9 22 .2 25 .7 26 .3 29 .7 29 .7 30,4 29 . 2 29 . 3 25 .9 0410 VI 23 .1 25 .2 0 0 4.9 10 .6 15 .8 20 .1 211 .0 27 . 2 27 .9 29 .8 31.2 32.0 33 .4 33 . 2 30 .3 0411 VI 23 .1 25 .1 0 0 7. 3 12 .9 15 .5 18.0 21. 2 23 .0 24 .1 27 .9 28.Q 29 .3 30 .1 30 .0 28 .1 0412 VI 22.6 28 .4 0 0 5.8 10 .2 17 . 3 18.1 20 .6 23 .8 24 .6 25 .9 29 .7 29 .8 30 .0 30 .1 27 .1 0431 VII 26 .8 29.9 0 10 .1 10 .1 15 .1 19 . 5 20.0 22 .5 22 . 5 25 .9 29 .6 )0.4 30 .8 31.1 30 .9 3:? .6( :> .3) * Average of 10 points per plot +(Standing Hater) ** Average of 20 points per plot Table IV. Barrow Vegetation Topographic Grid (elevation and th&v) . ••

ELEVATION (Relative em.)* 'lmW July 3, 1973 'lmW July 13, 1973 STAKE R<111 A Ra.l E ROo< H Ra.l L STAKE Ra.l A Ra.l E Ra.l H Ra.l L STAKE ROW A ROW E Ra.l H Ra.l L

1 152 . 162. 136. 136. 1 14 . 5 16.0 18.0 19.0 1 19. 5 20.0 21.0 22 . 5 2 136. 137. 16o. 142. 2 20 .0 15 . 5 11.5 9.0 2 27.0 20 . 5 14.0 11.0 3 151 . 136 . 146 . 127. 3 10. 5 20 . 5 9.0 15.0 3 15.5 25.5 15.0 21.0 4 153 . 130. ) 51 . 156 . 4 14.0 11.5 15.0 16 . 5 4 20.5 16.0 17.0 18.5 5 130. 127. 131. 142. 5 16.0 15 . 5 14.0 10.5 5 20 .0 20 . 5 18.0 16.0 6 130. 133. 139. 119. 6 23 .0 15 . 5 14 .0 13.5 6 26 .0 20.5 19 . 5 17.5 7 142. 133. 125 . 116. 7 11.0 14 . 5 18. 5 16.0 7 16.0 19.0 24. 5 21.0 8 130. 134. 127. 142. 8 15 .0 15 .0 21.5 9. 5 8 19. 5 19.5 24.5 14. 5 9 131. 145. 118. 99 . 9 16.0 12.0 14.5 12.0 9 20 .0 18.0 18.0 18 . 5 10 143. 136. 139. 114. 10 11.5 3.0 8.0 17. 5 10 12. 5 13.5 16.0 22 .0 11 125 . 122. 124 . 128. 11 13.5 14.5 15 . 5 17.5 11 18.5 17.5 21.0 22 . 5 12 131. 114. 130 . 105 . 12 10. 5 17. 5 9. 5 13. 5 12 17.0 21.5 14 .0 20 . 5 13 136. 113. 125 . 110. 13 11.0 16. 5 9.5 9. 5 13 15.0 20 . 5 12.0 18.0 14 120 . 108. 104. 105. 14 18.0 14.0 18. 5 14.0 14 23.0 16.5 17.5 14.0 15 128. 120. 110. 98 . 15 12. 5 12.0 15 . 5 16. 5 15 17.5 1S.o 17.5 26 .0 16 122. 125 . 118. 92 . 16 1.B .o 1 ~ . 5 13.0 8.0 0\ 16 22 .0 16.5 17. 5 14 .0 17 133. 108. 99 105 . 17 16. 5 13. 5 16.5 10.5 17 25 .0 17.5 21.5 17.5 18 95 . 102. 96 . 42. 18 19.0 20 . 5 14.5 14.0 18 24.0 22 .0 21.0 22. 5 19 lo4. 116 . 95 . 95 . 19 7. 5 12 . 5 12 . 5 13.5 '.9 19.0 18.0 17.0 19.0 20 113. 98. 84 . 81. 20 8. 5 17 .0 17 .0 17.0 20 9.5 20 .0 24.5 22 . 5 21 102. 99 . 90· 73 . 21 12.0 14. 5 13. 5 13.0 21 18.0 18.0 15. 5 16 . 5 2'2 98 . 92 . 81. 82. 22 16. 5 14.0 14.5 9.0 22 2:, .0 18.0 19.0 13. 5 23 93 . 89. 75. 58 . 23 10. 5 13. 5 14.0 15.5 23 15 .0 18. 5 20.0 16.0 24 98 . 81 . 70 . 64 . 24 14.5 9. 5 14.5 15 .0 24 18.0 15 .0 22.5 18. 5 25 85 . 73. 64 . 50 . 25 11.0 13.0 14 ,0 14 .0 25 16.0 20.0 18.0 20 .0 26 76 . 69 . 67 . 53 . 26 14.0 11.0 6. 5 13.0 26 19.0 16. 5 14.5 20 .0 27 63 . 66 . 47 . 37 . 27 10. 5 17 .0 7.5 10.0 27 17.0 20.0 13. 5 14 . 5 28 63. 64 . 40 . 29 . 28 12 .0 12. 5 11.0 13.0 28 20.5 15.0 15.0 17.0 29 50 . 38. 35 . 29 . 29 17.0 14 .0 13.5 12.5 29 27.0 17.0 22 . 5 17.5 30 56 . 38 . 32. 26 . 30 11 ~ . 0 14.0 14.0 12. 5 30 20 .0 18.5 20.5 16.0 31 47 . 36. 30. 23. 31 15.5 14. 5 15 . 5 13.0 31 19.5 17.0 24.0 17.5 32 35 . 3h. 29 . 17. 32 17.0 14.0 15. 5 14.0 32 21 . 5 19.0 18.0 19.5 33 37 . 32. 26 . 17. 33 14. 5 16.0 15. 5 14. 5 33 19.0 19.5 19. 5 19.0 34 41 . 3~ . 29 . 15 . 34 13. 5 14.5 16. 5 14.0 34 18.0 19.5 23 .0 18.5 35 41 . 32. 26 . 2:i... . 35 14 . 5 14.0 14.0 15 . 5 35 19.0 19.5 18.5 18. 5 36 35 . 29 . 35 . 23 . 36 17.5 14.0 6. 5 15.5 36 26 . 5 19. 5 16. 5 20.0 37 35 . 26 . 18. e. 37 14 . 5 13. 5 14 .0 16.0 37 18.0 19.0 17.0 20.0 38 30. 18. 21. 8. 38 12.0 15.0 12.0 14 . 5 38 16.0 18.5 18.0 16.5 39 31. 22. 12. o. 39 14. 5 14.0 15 .0 16.0 39 19.0 17.0 18.5 18. 5 4o 26 . 24 . 12. 6. 4o 15 .0 11. 5 14.0 16.0 40 17.0 17.0 16 . 5 19.5

"*The above values are relative elevations **Thaw values are means of two readings at each in em above the lowest grid stake ( 39L ) • gr id stake; one t o the North of the stake and t he other to the South. Table IV (Cont 'd).

mAW July 23 , 1973 lF.AW August 2, 1973 THAW Augus t 131 1973

STAKE RCM A RCM E RCM H RCM L STAKE RCM A RCM E RCM H R

1 20.0 20. 5 21.0 22 . 5 1 26 . 5 25 . 5 29 .0 26 . 5 1 27 .0 26.0 30 . 5 28 .0 2 24.0 21 . 5 19.0 16.0 2 28 .0 31 .0 21 .0 16. 5 2 30. 5 33 .0 24 . 5 20.0 3 16. 5 24. 5 16.0 16. 0 3 23 .0 31.0 26 . 5 25 . 5 3 25 . 5 32.0 27.5 29 .0 4 19.0 17.0 16. 5 21.5 4 26 .0 27 . 5 22 . 5 26. 5 4 25.0 22 .0 23 .0 29 .0 5 18. 5 19.0 14 . 5 17.0 5 24 . 5 23 . 5 20.5 20.0 5 24.0 25 .0 21 .0 24 . 5 6 25 .0 19. 5 :.C. 5 17· 5 6 31.5 25 . 5 23.5 20 .0 6 32.0 24;5 24. 5 24.0 7 16.0 19. 5 22. 5 23 .0 7 24 . 5 22. 5 28 .0 26 .0 .., 25 .0 24.5 29 . 5 29 .0 8 19.0 20 . 5 24.0 16.0 8 25.0 25. 5 29 -5 19.0 8 24. 5 26 . 5 29 . 5 21.5 9 18. 5 16.5 16. 5 19.0 9 26 .0 22.0 23.5 24 .0 9 26 . 5 22 .0 25 . 5 25 . 5 10 13.0 12.0 13. 5 24. 5 10 18.0 22 .0 20 .0 28. 5 10 19 .0 23 . 5 21.5 30.0 11 18. 5 16.0 20 . 5 24. 5 11 25.0 22 .0 28 .0 31.0 11 27 . 5 21 .0 28 . 5 32 .0 12 13.0 19.0 15.0 21.5 12 22. 5 211 . 5 18.5 27.0 12 24. 5 25 . 5 19. 0 26.5 13 15.0 19. 5 14.0 19.0 13 21.5 25 . 5 21 .0 24. 5 13 22 . 5 26 . 5 24 .0 25. 5 14 23 . 5 15.0 22 . 5 22 . 5 14 29 . 5 19. 5 27 . 5 26.5 14 30. 5 22 . 5 31.0 27 . 5 15 17. 5 13.0 16.0 26.0 15 24 .0 23 .0 21 . 5 34.0 15 24 .0 23 . 5 21.5 26.5 16 21 .0 16.0 17.0 13.0 16 28.0 21 .0 23.0 18. 5 16 30 . 5 23 . 5 23 .0 22 .0 17 25 .0 20 .0 21.5 17.0 17 34 .0 27 . 5 29.0 22.0 17 32 .0 28 .0 30 .0 22 .0 18 22 . 5 22.0 20 .0 23. 5 1P 26 . 5 27.0 32 .0 28 . 5 18 27. 5 28 .0 31.0 31.0 --.1 19 19.0 18. 5 16. 5 16. 5 19 24 . 5 24 . 5 20 . 5 21.5 19 26 .0 25 . 5 24.0 22. 0 20 9. 5 19.0 . 22 . 5 22 .0 20 17.0 25 . 5 27 .0 26 . 5 20 18.0 25 . 5 29 .0 28 .0 21 18. 5 18. 5 14. 5 17.0 21 24. 5 23. 5 21 .0 23 .0 21 26 .0 26 .0 20.0 24 .0 22 23 .0 18. 5 18. 5 13.5 22 32. 5 26.0 23.5 16. 5 22 28 .0 27.0 25 .0 20 . 5 23 13. 5 23 .0 20 .0 18 .0 23 20 .0 31.0 25 .0 22.0 23 21.5 34 .0 26.5 24 . 5 24 18. 5 111 . 5 23. 5 22 . 5 24 25 . 5 21. 5 28 . 5 27 . 5 24 28 .0 23 .0 30. 5 29 . 5 25 17.0 19.0 19. 5 19.0 25 23 . 5 27. 5 25 .0 26 .0 25 22:5 29 .0 31.0 25. 5 26 21.0 21 . 5 15.0 21.0 ·26 27 . 5 29.0 22 .0 28. 5 26 28 . 5 31.0 23.5 28.0 27 18.0 18. 5 14 .0 16.0 : 7 24 . 5 23 . 5 20 .0 21. 5 27 26 .0 24.0 21.5 23.5 28 24 .0 14 . 5 14. 5 19.0 28 30 .0 20 . 5 19.5 24 . 5 28 32. $ 21.5 20. 5 27 . 5 29 27.0 17.0 23 . 5 17. 5 29 33 . 5 20 . 5 29.0 22.0 29 32. 5 21.0 32. 5 24 . 0 30 20 . 5 16. 5 22 . 5 17.0 30 26.5 22 .0 30 .0 24.0 30 27 . 5 23 .0 32.0 26 . 5 31 20 .0 17. 5 20 .0 17.0 31 24.0 22 .0 25 . 5 21.5 31 24. 5 21 . 5 26 .0 23.5 32 21 . 5 20 .0 18.0 19. 5 32 27.5 24 .0 23 .0 24 .0 32 27 . 5 25 . 5 22.0 24. 5 33 19.0 15' .0 21 . 5 20 . 5 33 24.0 24 . 5 25.5 24 .0 33 25.0 24 . 5 26 .0 27.0 34 17. 5 20.0 23 .0 19.0 34 24.0 27 .0 30 . 5 22 . 5 34 23. 5 27 .0 33.0 23.0 35 19. 5 20. 5 19.0 19.0 35 24.5 25 . 5 23.0 22 . 5 35 26 . 5 27. 5 23 . 5 23.0 36 28 .0 20 .0 21.0 20 . '5 36 32.0 25 .0 26.5 25 . 5 36 32.0 26 . 5 28 . 5 26 . 5 37 18.5 19.0 18 . 5 22 .0 37 24. 5 25 .0 23 .0 23.0 37 24 .0 27.5 23. 5 24 . 5 38 16.0 18. 5 19. 0 19.0 38 20 .0 22.5 22.5 21.0 38 21 . 5 23 .0 25 .0 21.5 39 18. 0 16. 5 18. 5 18. 5 39 23.0 19.0 22 . 5 22. 5 39 25.0 21.5 22 . 5 24 . 5 40 19.5 16. 5 17. 5 19. 5 4o 26.0 21.0 21. 0 22.5 40 27 .0 20 . 5 20 .0 22.5 U.S. 'I'UNDRA BlOME

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