Peran Sanggar Suwanda Group Dalam Melestarikan Seni Tradisonal Tari Jaipongan Di Kabupaten Karawang

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Peran Sanggar Suwanda Group Dalam Melestarikan Seni Tradisonal Tari Jaipongan Di Kabupaten Karawang PERAN SANGGAR SUWANDA GROUP DALAM MELESTARIKAN SENI TRADISONAL TARI JAIPONGAN DI KABUPATEN KARAWANG Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Humaniora (S.Hum.) Oleh Mutia Sa’adah NIM: 1113022000108 PROGRAM STUDI SEJARAH DAN PERADABAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1439 H/2018 M PENGESAHAN BANITIA UJIAN Skripsi berjudul PERAN SANGGAR SUWANDA GROUP DALAM MELESTARIKAN SENI TRA,DISONAL TART JAIPONGAN DI KABUPATEN KARAIYANG telah diqiukan dalam sidang munaqasyah Fakultas Adab dan Hurnaniora UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta pada 10 Januari 2018, skripsi ini telah diterima sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Humaniora (S. Hum) pada program Studi Sejarah danPeradaban Islam. Jakarta, 10 Januari 2018 Sidang Munaqasyah Ketua Merangkap Anggota, Selaetaris Merangkap Anggota, H. Nurhasan. M.A. NIP. 19690724 199703 I 001 9750417 200501 2001 Anggota, Penguji I, Pengrji II, Dr. Jffis.Jahroni, MA. Dr.Hi. Tati Hartimah. MA. NIP. 19670612 1994031 1 006 NrP. 19ss0731 198903 2001 Pembimbing, ,/l b,., I ,/-dImas Emalia. M. Hum. NIP. 19730208 199803 2 001 DEDIKASI Didedikasikan untuk Ibundaku Ropiqoh, Ayahandaku Mujahidin, Kakak tercinta Muhammad Fauzi dan adik tercinta Fitri Arjalia. v ABSTRAK Kesenian Tari Jaipongan merupakan salah satu genre tari di Jawa Barat yang berkembang pada tahun 1976-1990, yang kini telah dijadikan ikon kesenian tari Sunda. Kesenian Tari Jaipongan seakan menjadi sajian wajib di setiap event-event pertunjukan tari Sunda baik di dalam negeri maupun di luar negeri. Kebertahanan dan berkembangnya Tari Jaipongan di Kabupaten Karawang ini salah satunya adalah adanya sanggar yang melestarikan kesenian Tari Jaipongan. Pada penelitian sebelumnya seperti karya Een Herdiani, menjelaskan secara umum bahwa seni Bajidoran merupakan kesenian cikal bakal Tari Jaipongan yang sangat disukai oleh masyarakatnya dan dalam tariannya menggambarkan kehidupan masyarakat Karawang yang agresif, aktif serta dinamis. Endang Caturwati, menjelaskan bahwa bagaimana tari di Tatar Sunda, dan bagaimana perkembangan tari dari masa ke masa, kemudian menjelaskan mengenai kehidupan sosial budaya para sinden penari Jaipongan di Subang Jawa Barat. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini akan membahas secara detail tentang bagaimana peranan Sanggar Suwanda Group (SSG) dalam melestarikan kesenian Tari Jaipongan di Kabupaten Karawang yang mempunyai peran penting terhadap eksistensi kesenian Tari Jaipongan di Kabupaten Karawang. Studi ini ingin menjawab masalah di atas dengan harapan dapat memberikan informasi keberadaan SSG yang merupakan salah satu pihak yang ikut melestarikan kesenian Tari Jaipongan di Kabupaten Karawang. Melalui sumber tertulis, wawancara dan survei lapangan. Adapun teori yang penulis anggap relevan yaitu teori pelestarian budaya, dari Jacobus Ranjabar “pelestarian sebagai kegiatan atau yang dilakukan secara terus menerus, terarah dan terpadu guna mewujudkan tujuan tertentu yang mencerminkan adanya sesuatu yang tetap dan abadi, bersifat dinamis, luwes dan selektif”. Temuan studi ini adalah SSG merupakan sanggar yang menciptakan pola tepakan kendang Jaipongan pada tahun 1976, sedangkan yang menciptakan tariannya adalah Gugum Gumbira. SSG telah berhasil memperkenalkan kesenian Tari Jaipongan kepada masyarakat Kabupaten Karawang melalui penciptaan, pementasan secara ekstern maupun intern dan pelatihan yang dilakukan oleh SSG sendiri atau kerjasama dengan pihak luar, contohnya dengan Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata, serta Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Karawang. Upaya SSG dalam melestarikan kesenian Tari Jaipongan ini telah berdampak positif dan memajukan berbagai aspek, di antaranya dari aspek ekonomi, budaya, organisasi dan kehidupan manusia pada umumnya. Kata Kunci: Peran, Sanggar Suwanda Group, Pelestarian, Tari Jaipongan, Kabupaten Karawang. vi KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillah, segala puja dan puji syukur untuk Allah Subhanahu wata‟ala yang telah memberikan nikmat yang tiada terhitung, dan dengan kasih sayang-Nya kita dapat terus bernapas dan berbuat di dunia ini. Shalawat serta salam selalu tercurahkan kepada suri tauladan kita nabi Muhammad saw. Banyak rintangan dan hambatan yang penulis hadapi dalam merampungkan skripsi yang berjudul: Peran Sanggar Suwanda Group Dalam Melestarikan Seni Tradisional Tari Jaipongan Di Kabupaten Karawang. Namun, semua rintangan dan hambatan itu bisa terlewati sedikit demi sedikit dan setahap demi setahap dengan usaha kerja keras. Oleh sebab itu penulis ingin menyampaikan terima kasih setulus-tulusnya kepada mereka semua, di antaranya: 1. Prof. Dr. Dede Rosyada, MA. selaku Rektor Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, M. Ag. selaku Dekan Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora. 3. Bapak Nurhasan, MA. selaku Ketua Program Studi Sejarah dan Peradaban Islam yang telah membantu penulis selama menjadi mahasiswa dalam beberapa hal yang berhubungan dengan birokrasi universitas sehingga segalanya menjadi mudah. 4. Ibu Sholikatus Sa‟diyah, M.Pd. selaku Sekretaris Program Studi Sejarah dan Peradaban Islam yang telah banyak membantu penulisan saat menjadi mahasiswa di Prodi Sejarah dan Peradaban Islam tercinta ini baik yang berkenaan dengan surat menyurat maupun motivasi untuk terus berkembang menjadi pribadi yang lebih baik. 5. Bunda Imas Emalia, M.Hum. selaku dosen pembimbing yang memberikan banyak masukan serta saran kepada penulis untuk terus mencari sumber primer dalam penulisan sejarah, serta segala kemudahan yang penulis dapatkan ketika menjadi mahasiswa bimbingan beliau. vii viii 6. Bapak Drs. Tarmizy Idris, M.A. selaku dosen pembimbing akademik yang selalu memotivasi penulis untuk menyelesaikan kewajiban menulis skripsi. 7. Seluruh Dosen Jurusan Sejarah dan Peradaban Islam Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta yang telah memberikan ilmu dan wawasan yang banyak bermanfaat. 8. Seluruh staff pegawai Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora yang telah baik membantu segala urusan akademik dan administrasi. 9. Bapak H. Suwanda, selaku narasumber dan juga pencipta pola tepakan kendang Jaipongan dan pimpinan Sanggar Suwanda Group yang bersedia meluangkan waktu di tengah-tengah kesibukan untuk penulis wawancarai. 10. Keluargaku, Ibundaku Rapiqoh, Ayahandaku H.Mujahidin, Kakak tercinta Muhammad Fauzi, serta adik tercita Fitri Arjalia yang selalu memberikan dukungan setiap hari baik moril maupun materi tak terhingga dan didikan di rumah ini menjadikan penulis menjadi pribadi yang memiliki karakter. 11. Naufal Islami, yang telah membantu penulis dalam melakukan pencarian sumber, serta memberi motivasi. 12. Himpunanku, Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam (HMI) Komisariat Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora (KOFAH) Cabang Ciputat, yang telah menjadi tempat penulis belajar berorganisasi dan belajar banyak hal. Terimakasih kepadan senior-junior yang tidak bisa disebutkan namanya satu-persatu. Namun penulis harus berterimakasih kepada Firdaus Alansyah, S.Hum, Yudha Adipradana, S.Hum, Dyah Diu Djemba Wati, S.Hum, Achmad Al-Faiz, S.Hum, teman-teman seperjuangan di komisariat. 13. Teman-teman seperjuangan di SPI 2013, dan senior-junior yang saking banyaknya sehingga tidak bisa disebutkan satu-persatu, namun penulis merasa harus berterima kasih kepada, Septi Nurizkyani, S.Hum, Widiawati, S.Hum, Farah Awalia, S.Hum, dan Maulana Fauzi, S.Hum sahabat penulis yang banyak membantu selama masa perkuliahan ini. ix 14. Teman-teman di kosan, Syifa Fauziah Syukur, S.Sos, Larasati Hardian, S.Agr, dan Astrid Aisyah Hanani, S.Agr yang sehari-hari menjadi teman berbincang penulis dan menemani penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 15. Teman-teman KKN Adiktif Isti Nanda, Rara, Suci, Ismail, Ilham, Pangki Ladipa, S.H, Zaki, Zaldi, Irul dan Nurohman. DAFTAR ISI LEMBAR PERNYATAAN .................................................................................. ii LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ................................................................................ iii PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN ..................................................................... iv DEDIKASI ............................................................................................................. v ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ vi KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... vii DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... x BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah .................................................................... 1 B. Permasalahan ..................................................................................... 9 C. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................ 10 D. Tinjauan Pustaka .............................................................................. 10 E. Metode Penelitian dan Landasan Teori ........................................... 15 F. Sistematika Penulisan ...................................................................... 19 BAB II SOSIAL BUDAYA KABUPATEN KARAWANG ............................. 21 A. Letak Geografi Kabupaten Karawang ............................................. 23 B. Ekonomi, Budaya, dan Sosial Kabupaten Karawang ...................... 27 BAB III SENI TRADISIONAL TARI JAIPONGAN DI INDONESIA ........ 42 A. Sejarah Kesenian di Jawa Barat 1976-1990 ...................................
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