LAND WEST OF BISS FARM, WEST ASHTON ROAD, TROWBRIDGE, WILTSHIRE

LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT

On behalf of PERSIMMON HOMES (WESSEX)

September 2017

REF: 17.513

WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd. Sandcliffe House Northgate Street Devizes Wilts SN10 1JT t: 01380 727539 e: [email protected] APPOINTMENT

WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd. (WHLandscape) has been appointed by Persimmon Homes (Wessex) to undertake a Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (LVIA) for the proposed mixed-use development of land west of Biss Farm, West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire.

WHLandscape has an established track record of appraising development proposals. The Practice has considerable experience in the field of landscape and visual assessment and uses tried and tested techniques developed and recognised by the Landscape Institute, Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment, and Natural England.

This LVIA has been undertaken by: George Harley BA (Hons) MA CMLI

Checked by: Will Harley BSc (Hons) CMLI

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. SCOPE AND ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

3. LANDSCAPE PLANNING CONTEXT

4. BASELINE LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL STUDY

5. LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL ASSESSMENT

6. MITIGATION STRATEGY

7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

8. REFERENCES

Illustrative Material

FIG. 1 LOCATION PLAN

FIG. 2 VERTICAL AERIAL

FIG. 3 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER

FIG. 4 DESIGNATIONS

FIG. 5 TOPOGRAPHY

FIG. 6 ZONE OF THEORETICAL VISIBILITY AND VIEWPOINT PLAN

FIG. 7 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL ANALYSIS

FIG. 8 LANDSCAPE MASTERPLAN

Appendices

APPENDIX 1: DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS

APPENDIX 2: VIEWPOINT PHOTOGRAPHS

APPENDIX 3: FULL ZONE OF THEORETICAL VISIBILITY PLAN

Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 This LVIA provides an assessment of the Landscape and Visual Effects associated with the mixed- use development of an area of land west of Biss Farm, Trowbridge, Wiltshire; the site is located within the Civil Parish of West Ashton. The main development area is a triangular parcel of land, approximately 12 hectares (ha) in size, and currently managed as an area of open grassland. The site is enclosed by a minor stream (Biss Brook) and recent tree planting along its northern boundary, and by two roads, Leap Gate and West Ashton Road, along its south-eastern and south-western boundaries respectively. Footpath TROW131 runs through the site and is defined by a recently constructed footway, created as part of a previous footpath diversion application.

1.2 The proposal is for a hybrid planning application seeking: i. Full planning consent for the construction of 267 residential dwellings (Use Class C3), public open space, a children’s play area, landscaping, sustainable urban drainage, access and other associated infrastructure works; ii. outline planning consent for an extra care facility (Use Class C2), a pub/restaurant (Use Class A3/A4) and primary school (Use Class D1). Access not reserved. The site benefits from vehicular access via two recently constructed road junctions off Leap Gate, and will retain the pedestrian access through the site which is provided by Footpath TROW131. In addition to the main development, the proposals also include the establishment of areas of open green space, including a 30m landscape buffer between the development and Biss Brook to the north.

1.3 The site is in the administrative area of Wiltshire Council, specifically Wiltshire Council western area. The policy context is taken from the National Planning Policy Framework (2012) and the Wiltshire Core Strategy (2015). The baseline landscape character has been taken from Natural England National Character Area Profile: 117. Avon Vales (2014), with local character information being taken from the Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment (2005) and the West Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment (2007).

1.4 The LVIA involves the following components: • Establishing the scope and methodology of the assessment. • Desk studies and preliminary site surveys. • Baseline analysis of landscape and visual resources, including desk and field surveys. • Identification and assessment of Landscape and Visual Effects. • A mitigation strategy.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire 2. SCOPE AND ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

The LVIA process is based on the following guidance: • Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment. 3rd ed. (GLVIA 3). • Landscape Character Assessment: Guidance for England and Scotland.

The LVIA is a tool used to identify and assess the likely Significance of Effects of change resulting from development, both on the landscape as an environmental resource in its own right and on peoples’ views and visual amenity. Landscape Effects relate to changes in the landscape character, elements, and features as a result of development. Visual Effects relate to the appearance of development, its effect on specific views and on the general visual amenity experienced by users of the landscape. The Nature of Effect as a result of development can be Positive, Adverse or Neutral.

2.1 BASELINE LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL STUDY 2.1.1 The baseline study reviews the existing landscape and visual resources to determine and describe the conditions against which changes resulting from the development can be measured or predicted and assessed. The process comprises three stages, namely a desk study, field survey and baseline analysis. The study identifies the landscape and visual receptors which are considered susceptible to change as a result of the development and includes a description, classification and evaluation. The baseline study forms the basis against which to assess the Magnitude of Effect and subsequently, the Significance of Effect of development on landscape and visual resources.

DESK STUDY RESOURCES 2.1.2 The following resources have been used to inform the field survey and the analysis:

Mapping • Ordnance Survey maps and vertical aerial photography • Definitive Rights of Way: Wiltshire Council Public Rights of Way Mapping • Geology: Geology of Britain Viewer (British Geological Survey) • Pedology: Soilscapes Map (Soilscapes) • Agricultural Land Classification: ALC Map South West Region (Natural England) • Designations: Magic Interactive Mapping – Wiltshire Council Core Strategy Policy Maps • Heritage assets: The National Heritage List for England (Historic England)

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Planning Policy • National Planning Policy Framework • Wiltshire Core Strategy

Character Assessment • Natural England National Character Area Profile: 117. Avon Vales • Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment • West Wiltshire District Landscape Character Assessment

Additional Documents • Tree Survey and Arboricultural Impact Assessment (WHLandscape).

FIELD SURVEY 2.1.3 The desk study informs the field survey. Of particular relevance are the Ordnance Survey maps, aerial photography and the Landscape Character Assessments. The field survey is then used to gain a full appreciation of the relationship between the site and study area. The field work is supported by mapped viewpoints and photographic records, representative of, and relevant to, the development.

BASELINE ANALYSIS 2.1.4 The findings of the desk study and field survey inform the baseline analysis, which helps in determining the landscape value of the study area though description, classification and evaluation of the landscape and visual resources relevant to the application site and surrounding study area. Determining the value of the landscape as a resource helps in identifying specific landscape and visual receptors that have the potential to be affected by the development.

Landscape value 2.1.5 Landscape value is the relative value that is attached to different landscapes by society; a landscape may be valued by different stakeholders for a variety of reasons. While individual elements and features within the landscape may have value, including value in respect of designation, having specific elements and features of value does not mean an area is a valued landscape. Moreover, as identified in GLVIA 3, “the fact that an area of landscape is not designated either nationally or locally does not mean that it does not have any value”. For the purposes of this study, value is defined as either: Low, Medium, High, or Very High.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

2.1.6 When determining the value of the landscape as a resource, the following factors, adapted from Box 5.1 of GLVIA 3, are considered relevant to the assessment process:

• Landscape Quality (condition): A measure of the physical state of the landscape. It may include the extent to which typical character is represented in individual areas, the intactness of the landscape and the condition of individual elements. • Scenic Quality: The term used to describe landscapes which appeal principally to the senses (primarily, but not exclusively, visual). • Representativeness: Whether the landscape contains a particular character and/or features and elements, which are considered particularly important examples thereof. • Rarity: The presence of rare features and elements in the landscape or the presence of a rare Landscape Character Type. • Conservation Interests: The presence of features of wildlife, earth science, archaeological or historical, and cultural interest can add to the value of a landscape, as well as having value in their own right. • Recreational Value: Evidence that the landscape is valued for recreational activity, where experience of the landscape is important. • Perceptual Aspects: A landscape may be valued for its perceptual qualities and/or tranquillity. • Associations: Some landscapes are associated with particular people, such as artists or writers, or an event in history that contribute to perceptions of natural beauty of the area.

Landscape Receptors 2.1.7 Landscape receptors will be selected to help ascertain the specific aspects of the landscape resource that have the potential to be affected by the development. Potential receptors include individual elements and features of the study area, both on and off site, as well as the distinct landscape character of the study area as a whole.

Visual Receptors 2.1.8 Visual receptors will initially be identified from where the desk study suggests that the development area may be visible, before being verified as part of the field survey. Views will primarily be recorded from Public Rights of Way (PRoWs) and other areas with public access, as well as public roads with full public and permissive access. Residential views will be considered, where appropriate, through the use of representative viewpoints. It should be noted views may be recorded from areas

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire which the desk study suggests have no intervisibility with the site, moreover not all potential visual receptors will be recorded during the field survey (e.g. if there is an obvious lack of intervisibility).

2.2 ASSESSMENT OF LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL EFFECTS 2.2.1 The landscape assessment addresses changes in the fabric, character and key elements and features of the landscape resource. The visual assessment addresses changes in visual amenity, and the implication of those changes on specific visual receptors.

2.2.2 The assessment of effects aims to: • Estimate the sensitivity of landscape and visual receptors as a function of their value and their susceptibility to change. • Identify the Magnitude of Effect of the development. • Provide an assessment of the Significance of Effect and, subsequently, the Nature of Effect in a logical and well-reasoned fashion. • Indicate suitable mitigation measures.

2.2.3 The LVIA will consider the potential effects of the proposed development in the context of receptor sensitivity in order to determine the potential effect on the underlying resource, with mitigation measures recommended if required. The development will then be reassessed to determine the potential effectiveness of the recommended mitigation, both at implementation and at maturity.

2.2.4 Designations which may affect the sensitivity of receptors will also be taken into consideration, where appropriate. In terms of listed buildings and other designated heritage assets as receptors, this report will only consider the potential effects on the historic landscape settings of these structures/areas. It should be noted that, although a development may be visible from a listed building or other designated historic asset, this does not automatically mean that there is an effect on its historic landscape setting.

2.2.5 Wherever possible, identified effects are quantified but, by its very nature, the LVIA requires a significant amount of interpretation and professional judgement. To be consistent, the prediction of Magnitude of Effect and the assessment of Significance of Effect have been based on pre-defined criteria. LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

2.2.6 Landscape Sensitivity is a function of the value of a landscape receptor, both as part of the landscape resource and as an individual element or feature, and its ability to accommodate the development without undue consequences for the maintenance of the baseline situation and/or the achievement of landscape planning polices and strategies.

Table 1a: Landscape Receptor Sensitivity

Level of Sensitivity Definition of Sensitivity High Important landscapes/landscape components of high value with a high susceptibility to change. Medium Important/moderately valued landscapes/landscape components with a moderate susceptibility to change. Low Moderately valued/relatively unimportant landscapes/landscape components with a low susceptibility to change. Negligible Degraded landscape tolerant of major change.

2.2.7 Potential Landscape Effects have been assessed using the following thresholds in order to evaluate the Significance of Effect:

Table 1b: Magnitude of Landscape Effect

Level of Magnitude Definition of Magnitude Substantial Total loss or alteration of key elements, features and characteristics of the baseline condition (predevelopment). Moderate Partial loss or alteration of one or more key elements, features and characteristics of the baseline condition, such that the predevelopment condition will be partially changed. Slight Minor loss or alteration of one or more key elements, features and characteristics of the baseline condition, such that the baseline condition will be similar to the predevelopment circumstance. Negligible Very minor loss or alteration to one or more key elements, features and characteristics of the baseline condition, such that the changes are barely distinguishable.

VISUAL ASSESSMENT 2.2.8 Visual Sensitivity takes account of the value of routes/areas used by visual receptors including the extent to which attention is focused on the landscape, and the susceptibility of specific views and/or visual amenity to accommodate the development. Certain views that are experienced may have a value attached through planning designations or in relation to heritage assets, or may be

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire indicated on maps or in guidebooks. For the purposes of this LVIA, the following will be used in defining Visual Sensitivity:

Table 2a: Visual Receptor Sensitivity

Level of Sensitivity Definition of Sensitivity High Users of strategic rights of way, cycle paths, etc; important cultural, physical or historic features; views from beauty spots, picnic areas and principal views from residential properties. Places where the attention of the user may be focused on the landscape. Medium Other public rights of way; views seen by people passing through the landscape, e.g. by train or car. Views from principal settlements and secondary views from residential properties. Low People engaged in outdoor activities other than for the appreciation of the landscape. Negligible Views from industrialised areas.

2.2.9 Visual receptors are people, and Visual Effects have been assessed using the following thresholds in order to evaluate the Significance of Effect. The Magnitude of Visual Effect is based on the overall extent of the visibility. Factors such as distance from the development, duration of effect, screening, angle of view, backdrop to the development and extent of other built development are considered in respect of the Magnitude of Visual Effect.

Table 2b: Magnitude of Visual Effect

Level of Magnitude Definition of Magnitude Substantial Fundamental or very obvious change in the character, make-up and balance of the view. The proposals would be prominent or even dominant when considered in terms of the baseline condition. The established visual character would change. Moderate Moderate changes in the character, make-up and balance of the view, with the proposals noticeably distinct. This may lead to a change in the established visual character, depending upon the type of development proposed. Slight The proposals would be visible as a new feature. Change would be limited and would be unlikely to affect the established visual character as a whole. Negligible Virtually imperceptible change in the view. Whilst theoretically visible, the proposals would be faint, not legible or difficult for the viewer to discern. SIGNIFICANCE OF EFFECT

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

2.2.10 The Significance of Effect can be expressed as a correlation between the Magnitude of Effect and Landscape or Visual Sensitivity in a single matrix to determine significance as shown in Table 3. However, it must be noted that the matrix is not in itself a substitute for professional judgement, for which allowances must be made. Although mitigation measures are often proposed where the Significance of Effect is Minor or None, it is the Major and Major/Moderate categories which provide the highest level of significance in terms of effect on the landscape and visual resources.

Table 3: Significance of Effect as a Correlation of Sensitivity and Magnitude Applicable to both Effect to the Landscape Resource and Visual Resource Landscape or Magnitude of Effect Visual Sensitivity Substantial Moderate Slight Negligible High Major Major/Moderate Moderate Moderate/Minor

Medium Major/Moderate Moderate Moderate/Minor Minor

Low Moderate Moderate/Minor Minor Minor/None

Negligible Moderate/Minor Minor Minor/None None

NATURE OF EFFECT 2.2.11 The calculation of a significant effect does not mean that change is Adverse; change as a result of development may also be Positive or Neutral. Neutral effects are those where change is considered to have neither a Positive nor Adverse effect on the landscape or visual resources overall. Nature of Effect is considered independently to the calculation of significance. Mitigation can change the Nature of Effect post development, with the aim being to lower the Magnitude of Effect and reduce Adverse effects as far as possible.

2.3 ZONE OF THEORETICAL VISIBILITY 2.3.1 The Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) process is a broad-brush modelling tool to gain a landform based perception of the potential visibility of a structure or development area. The tool must be used cautiously as it does not include trees, buildings or other structures in the modelling and it does not include distance modelling. This analysis has been provided as it gives a clear indication of the scale of the potential ZTV within the wider landscape and has helped in determining the extent of the study area to be considered in this assessment.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

2.3.2 The procedure used in this modelling exercise is as follows: 1. A CAD ground modelling exercise was required to interpret and represent the landform height data supplied by Ordnance Survey. Visibility processing was carried out using the digital terrain model for the proposed structure to indicate, in plan form, the surrounding areas from which the structure could be seen. This primary information is intended to assist the secondary, detailed visibility study. 2. The ZTV analysis comprised the visibility of multiple points across the application site from surrounding land at an eye level of 1.6m. As specific building locations are unknown at this stage, the model used the highest potential structure (three storeys) as the datum for the survey across the site. 3. The terrain model was used to process the multiple points for visibility by the observer on the basis of a 50m grid over the entire area. The xyz co-ordinate at the centre of each grid square was used to determine the observer’s height on the ground model. The number of points visible to the observer from each grid square was plotted over the base map. The higher the number plotted in each square, the more points are theoretically visible from that location. 4. The output drawings indicate the potential visibility of the site taking into account the base terrain. The built form, woodland and hedges in particular, are important components of the landscape within the study area, and thus their impact on the ZTV has been assessed from the site visit. 5. The output drawings do not take account of the distance from the site in their indication of the theoretical ZTV. It is generally accepted that the Visual Effect of developments reduces further from a site, which means that, although it may be visible, the development does not necessarily have a significant detrimental impact.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire 3. LANDSCAPE PLANNING CONTEXT

3.1 The following policy has been taken from the planning documents which are pertinent to the development of the site. The following policy extracts and, where applicable, excerpts of explanatory text, are relevant to the application. The policies listed will be used to guide the assessment and the mitigation strategy for the proposed development.

3.2 NATIONAL PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK 3.2.1 Published in March 2012, the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) replaced a large amount of England's planning guidance, consolidating the previously issued Planning Policy Statements and Planning Policy Guidance. Of particular relevance to this assessment are the ‘Core Planning Principles’, Paragraph 17 (Bullet Points 4 and 5), which state that development should:

• always seek to secure high quality design and a good standard of amenity for all existing and future occupants of land and buildings; and:

• take account of the different roles and character of different areas, promoting the vitality of our main urban areas, protecting the Green Belts around them, recognising the intrinsic character and beauty of the countryside and supporting thriving rural communities within it;

3.2.2 Also of relevance to this project is Section 11, ‘Conserving and enhancing the natural environment’, Paragraph 109 (Bullet Point 1), which states that “the planning system should contribute to and enhance the natural and local environment by":

• protecting and enhancing valued landscapes, geological conservation interests and soils;

3.3 WILTSHIRE CORE STRATEGY 3.3.1 Adopted by Wiltshire Council in January 2015, the Wiltshire Core Strategy Development Plan Document replaced the four local plans that covered Wiltshire. The Core Strategy provides a positive and flexible overarching planning policy framework for Wiltshire for the period up to 2026 in order to ensure that any proposed development is of a high standard and is compatible with the character and visual qualities of the area.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

CORE POLICY 50 – BIODIVERSITY AND GEODIVERSITY

PROTECTION Development proposals must demonstrate how they protect features of nature conservation and geological value as part of the design rationale. There is an expectation that such features shall be retained, buffered, and managed favourably in order to maintain their ecological value, connectivity and functionality in the long-term. Where it has been demonstrated that such features cannot be retained, removal or damage shall only be acceptable in circumstances where the anticipated ecological impacts have been mitigated as far as possible and appropriate compensatory measures can be secured to ensure no net loss of the local biodiversity resource, and secure the integrity of local ecological networks and provision of ecosystem services.

All development proposals shall incorporate appropriate measures to avoid and reduce disturbance of sensitive wildlife species and habitats throughout the lifetime of the development.

Any development potentially affecting a Natura 2000 site must provide avoidance measures in accordance with the strategic plans of guidance set out in paragraphs 6.75-6.77 above where possible, otherwise bespoke measures must be provided to demonstrate that the proposals would have no adverse effect upon the Natura 2000 network. Any development that would have an adverse effect on the integrity of a European nature conservation site will not be in accordance with the Core Strategy.

BIODIVERSITY ENHANCEMENT All development should seek opportunities to enhance biodiversity. Major development in particular must include measures to deliver biodiversity gains through opportunities to restore, enhance and create valuable habitats, ecological networks and ecosystem services. Such enhancement measures will contribute to the objectives and targets of the Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) or River Basin/Catchment Management Plan, particularly through landscape scale projects, and be relevant to the local landscape character.

LOCAL SITES Sustainable development will avoid direct and indirect upon local sites through sensitive site location and layout, and by maintaining sufficient buffers and ecological connectivity with the wider environment. Damage or disturbance to local sites will generally be unacceptable, other than in exceptional circumstances where it has been demonstrated that such impacts: i. cannot reasonably be avoided ii. are reduced as far as possible iii. are outweighed by other planning considerations in the public interest

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

iv. where appropriate compensation measures can be secured through planning obligations or agreements.

Development proposals affecting local sites must make a reasonable contribution to their favourable management in the long-term.

CORE POLICY 51 – LANDSCAPE

Development should protect, conserve and where possible enhance landscape character and must not have a harmful impact upon landscape character, while any negative impacts must be mitigated as far as possible through sensitive design and landscape measures. Proposals should be informed by and sympathetic to the distinctive character areas identified in the relevant Landscape Character Assessment(s) and any other relevant assessments and studies. In particular, proposals will need to demonstrate that the following aspects of landscape character have been conserved and where possible enhanced through sensitive design, landscape mitigation and enhancement measures:

i. The locally distinctive pattern and species composition of natural features such as trees, hedgerows, woodland, field boundaries, watercourses and waterbodies. ii. The locally distinctive character of settlements and their landscape settings. iii. The separate identity of settlements and the transition between man-made and natural landscapes at the urban fringe. iv. Visually sensitive skylines, soils, geographical and topological features. v. Landscape features of cultural, historic and heritage value. vi. Important views and visual amenity. vii. Tranquillity and the need to protect against intrusion from light pollution, noise and motion. viii. Landscape functions including places to live, work, relax and recreate. ix. Special qualities of Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs) and the New Forest National Park, where great weight will be afforded to conserving and enhancing landscapes and scenic beauty.

Proposals for development within or affecting the Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs), New Forest National Park (NFNP) or Stonehenge and Avebury World Heritage Site (WHS) shall demonstrate that they have taken account of the objectives, policies and actions set out in the relevant Management Plans for these areas. Proposals for development outside of an AONB that is sufficiently prominent (in terms of its siting or scale) to have an impact on the

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

area’s special qualities (as set out in the relevant management plan), must also demonstrate that it would not adversely affect its setting.

CORE POLICY 52 – GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

Development shall make provision for the retention and enhancement of Wiltshire’s green infrastructure network, and shall ensure that suitable links to the network are provided and maintained. Where development is permitted developers will be required to: i. Retain and enhance existing on site green infrastructure ii. Make provision for accessible open spaces in accordance with the requirements of the adopted Wiltshire Open Space Standards. iii. Put measures in place to ensure appropriate long-term management of any green infrastructure directly related to the development. iv. Provide appropriate contributions towards the delivery of the Wiltshire Green Infrastructure Strategy v. Identify and provide opportunities to enhance and improve linkages between the natural and historic landscapes of Wiltshire

If damage or loss of existing green infrastructure is unavoidable, the creation of new or replacement green infrastructure equal to or above its current value and quality, that maintains the integrity and functionality of the green infrastructure network, will be required.

Proposals for major development should be accompanied by an audit of the existing green infrastructure within and around the site and a statement demonstrating how this will be retained and enhanced through the development process.

Development will not adversely affect the integrity and value of the green infrastructure network, prejudice the delivery of the Wiltshire Green Infrastructure Strategy, or provide inadequate green infrastructure mitigation.

Green infrastructure projects and initiatives that contribute to the delivery of a high quality and highly valued multi-functional green infrastructure network in accordance with the Wiltshire Green Infrastructure Strategy will be supported. Contributions (financial or other) to support such projects and initiatives will be required where appropriate from developers

CORE POLICY 57 – ENSURING HIGH QUALITY DESIGN AND PLACE SHAPING

A high standard of design is required in all new developments, including extensions, alterations, and changes of use of existing buildings. Development is expected to create a strong sense of

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

place through drawing on the local context and being complementary to the locality. Applications for new development must be accompanied by appropriate information to demonstrate how the proposal will make a positive contribution to the character of Wiltshire through: i. Enhancing local distinctiveness by responding to the value of the natural and historic environment, relating positively to its landscape setting and the existing pattern of development and responding to local topography by ensuring that important views into, within and out of the site are to be retained and enhanced. ii. The retention and enhancement of existing important landscaping and natural features, (e.g. trees, hedges, banks and watercourses), in order to take opportunities to enhance biodiversity, create wildlife and recreational corridors, effectively integrate the development into its setting and to justify and mitigate against any losses that may occur through the development. iii. Responding positively to the existing townscape and landscape features in terms of building layouts, built form, height, mass, scale, building line, plot size, elevational design, materials, streetscape and rooflines to effectively integrate the building into its setting. iv. Being sympathetic to and conserving historic buildings and historic landscapes. v. The maximisation of opportunities for sustainable construction techniques, use of renewable energy sources and ensuring buildings and spaces are orientated to gain maximum benefit from sunlight and passive solar energy, in accordance with Core Policy 41 (Sustainable Construction and Low Carbon Energy). vi. Making efficient use of land whilst taking account of the characteristics of the site and the local context to deliver an appropriate development which relates effectively to the immediate setting and to the wider character of the area. vii. Having regard to the compatibility of adjoining buildings and uses, the impact on the amenities of existing occupants, and ensuring that appropriate levels of amenity are achievable within the development itself, including the consideration of privacy, overshadowing, vibration, and pollution (e.g. light intrusion, noise, smoke, fumes, effluent, waste or litter). viii. Incorporating measures to reduce any actual or perceived opportunities for crime or antisocial behaviour on the site and in the surrounding area through the creation of visually attractive frontages that have windows and doors located to assist in the informal surveillance of public and shared areas by occupants of the site. ix. Ensuring that the public realm, including new roads and other rights of way, are designed to create places of character which are legible, safe and accessible in accordance with Core Policy 66 (Strategic Transport Network).

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

x. The sensitive design of advertisements and signage, which are appropriate and sympathetic to their local setting by means of scale, design, lighting and materials. xi. Taking account of the needs of potential occupants, through planning for diversity and adaptability, and considering how buildings and space will be used in the immediate and long term future. xii. The use of high standards of building materials, finishes and landscaping, including the provision of street furniture and the integration of art and design in the public realm. xiii. The case of major developments, ensuring they are accompanied by a detailed design statement and masterplan, which is based on an analysis of the local context and assessment of constraints and opportunities of the site and is informed by a development concept, including clearly stated design principles, which will underpin the character of the new place. xiv. Meeting the requirements of Core Policy 61 (Transport and New Development).

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire 4. BASELINE LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL STUDY

4.1 LOCATION AND CONTEXT 4.1.1 The site is located on land west of Biss Farm, on the south-eastern residential edge of the town of Trowbridge, in the county of Wiltshire. The site has been allocated by Wiltshire Council, and formerly by West Wiltshire District Council, as a potential employment site, having been marketed as such since 2002. However, following the recent construction of the Castle Mead housing estate and the allocation of the land to the south (Wiltshire Core Strategy Pages 252–255) for mixed use development as part of the Ashton Park Urban Extension, an employment only allocation is potentially no longer the most appropriate use for the site. Moreover, in respect of the proposed mixed-use development of the site, the proposals are considered to be more suitable for their context between the existing residential edge of Trowbridge and the development proposed as part of the Ashton Park Urban Extension.

4.2 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER 4.2.1 The following Landscape Character Assessments have been used to establish the baseline character of the site within the study area: • Natural England National Character Area Profile: 117. Avon Vales • Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment • West Wiltshire District Landscape Character Assessment

4.2.2 Only the information which is relevant to the assessment has been listed in order to help determine the unique landscape character of the site within the wider landscape, as well as its contribution to established Landscape Character Areas (LCAs) and Landscape Character Types (LCTs) which define the study area. It is important to note that, due to the extent of individual Character Areas and Types, some of the listed information may not be wholly relevant to the site and surrounding landscape. In the case of the Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment and the West Wiltshire District Landscape Character Assessment, both assessments were undertaken prior to the recent residential expansion of Trowbridge and as such some of the characteristics identified may no longer apply due to the urbanising influences of recent development.

NATIONAL CHARACTER AREA PROFILES 4.2.3 In 2012, Natural England, as part of its responsibilities in delivering the Natural Environment White Paper, Biodiversity 2020 and the European Landscape Convention, revised the National

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Character Area Profiles to make environmental evidence and information easily available to a wider audience. The site and entire study area fall within the National Character Area Profile: 117. Avon Vales.

NCA: 117. AVON VALES – KEY CHARACTERISTICS:

• An undulating clay vale with a mix of arable and pasture. • Small- and medium-sized fields with mostly hedgerow boundaries with few hedgerow trees, varying in shape from irregular piecemeal enclosure to rectilinear planned enclosure. • Numerous low ridges with local views over towns and villages. • Wide River Avon corridor, with an ancient pattern of flood meadows and closely associated settlements and more recent development. • Transport corridors along roads and watercourses, heavily influential on all development in the NCA. • Large historic parks and mansions, often established from former monastic establishments. • Attractive stone-built centres to market towns that reflect the former agricultural productivity and wealth of the area. • Wide views across whole area from higher areas of surrounding chalk downs.

WILTSHIRE LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT 4.2.4 In December 2005, Land Use Consultants, on behalf of Wiltshire County Council, published the Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment. The site falls within LCT 11: Rolling Clay Downland, specifically LCA 11C: Trowbridge Rolling Clay Downland.

LCT 11: ROLLING CLAY LOWLAND – DESCRIPTION

Location and Boundaries: The Rolling Clay Lowland Landscape Type is a group of low lying areas founded on Clay and situated broadly to the north west of the county. There are three areas in the type: 11A: Swindon-Calne Rolling Clay Lowland sited centrally in the northern half of the county; 11B: Minety Rolling Clay Lowland further to the north; and 11C: Trowbridge Rolling Clay Lowland to the west. Boundaries are defined by changes in topography, geology and land cover, for instance Area 11A: Swindon Calne Rolling Clay Lowland is largely bounded by the more elevated areas to west and east and boundaries follow contours at the base of the slopes. Other boundaries are less clearly defined as for the boundary between Area 11B: Minety Rolling Clay Lowland and Area 16A: Malmesbury-Corsham Limestone Lowlands where the boundaries are along roads that broadly follow the change in geology and land cover to the more wooded landscape of the Limestone Lowlands.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Key Characteristics: • Gently rolling lowland based on Clay. • Mixed arable and pastoral land use with pasture concentrated around the water courses. • Variable field pattern with network of full hedgerows and mature hedgerow trees. • Presence of streams marked by lines of willows and crossed by modest bridges. • Woodland blocks including some ancient woodland and wet woodland of high ecological value plus scattered mature trees. • Small number of meadows of neutral and unimproved grassland. • Scattered settlement of towns, small villages and farmsteads, many using vernacular materials of brick, half timber, stone, tiles and thatch. • Roads largely minor and rural with a few trunk roads and sections of motorway. • Views vary from semi-enclosed by intact hedgerows, riparian vegetation and woodland blocks to more open with views to the rising scarps of the chalk uplands. • A largely peaceful, rural landscape.

LCA 11C: Trowbridge Rolling Clay Downland Area 11C: Trowbridge Rolling Clay Lowland lies at the mid point of the east of the county with the Chalk uplands of Salisbury Plain West to the south and the Avon Open Clay Vale to the north. Trowbridge Rolling Clay Lowland is a gently undulating, largely rural area of mixed arable and pasture land. Medium to large rectangular fields are bounded by thick hedgerows with mature hedgerow trees. Combined with scattered woodland blocks (some ancient) and rich riparian vegetation along the stream lines the hedgerows make this a semi-enclosed landscape allowing intermittent views to the steep scarps of the Chalk uplands. Settlement is sparse to the east of the area with scattered nucleated and linear villages and farmsteads. Building materials are red brick and tiles to the east and stone for the older buildings to the west, with some more brick and modern stone in more recent developments. To the west there is more settlement including the southern part of Trowbridge with some large scale industrial buildings and modern housing estates tending to extend along roads south towards North Bradley, Southwick and Westbury. This western section of the area, which also contains the A350 trunk road and a concentration of railway lines, is considerably less rural and tranquil than the east of the area.

LCT 11: ROLLING CLAY LOWLAND – EVALUATION

Positive landscape features of significance: • Largely rural, tranquil landscape. • Strong pattern of hedgerows and mature hedgerow trees.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

• Many streams with rich riparian vegetation. • Woodland blocks of high ecological value. • Small scattered villages of traditional pattern and vernacular materials. • Views to Chalk scarps and Limestone ridge.

Forces for change: • Agricultural intensification and introduction of arable rotation threatens the remaining medieval field patterns and traditional pastoral landscape. • Hedgerow trees are generally mature with few new trees to replace them. • Elm loss of 1970s. • Need for sustainable woodland management including traditional maintenance techniques where appropriate to maintain ancient woodlands and particularly areas of coppice and wood pasture. • Pressure for further expansion of settlement and new development threatening the character of the small villages and scattered farmsteads. • Pressure to build new roads and upgrade existing roads through additional kerbing and signage to accommodate an increase in traffic volume.

Inherent landscape sensitivities: • Rural tranquillity. • Hedgerow pattern. • Watercourses and streamside willows and other riparian vegetation. • Isolated remnant hay meadows. • Woodlands of ecological value. • Views to the scarp slopes of the adjacent chalk downlands. • Settlement pattern of nucleated villages with variety of vernacular building materials.

WEST WILTSHIRE DISTRICT LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT 4.2.5 In 2007, Chris Blandford Associates, under the appointment of West Wiltshire District Council, produced the West Wiltshire District Landscape Character Assessment. The site and majority of the study area fall within LCT E: Rolling Clay Lowland, specifically LCA E4: Green Lane Rolling Clay Lowland. LCT E: ROLLING CLAY LOWLAND – DESCRIPTION

Key Characteristics: • Gently rolling lowland based on clay • Mixture of arable and pastoral farmland, delineated by mature hedgerows, with mature hedgerow trees often visible

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

• Variable field pattern • Presence of streams marked by lines of willows and crossed by bridges • Scattered woodland blocks, including some ancient woodland • Scattered settlement pattern, with several settlements exhibiting traditional materials, including brick, half-timber, stone, tiles and thatch • Network of minor, rural roads crossing the landscape • Predominantly rural landscape, with an overall strong sense of tranquillity away from major road corridors and settlement edges.

Summary of Visual Character The Rolling Clay Lowlands are gently undulating and predominantly founded on a base of clay. Topography ranges from approximately 50m AOD in the east to 100m AOD in the west. The underlying clay geology and the many small watercourses give rise to seasonally wet soils of deep clay and loam to clayey soil over shale. Land cover is dominated by mixture of intensively farmed arable and pasture farmland. Patches of scattered woodland are also a characteristic feature, providing a sense of enclosure, particularly along the western edge of the type. The lowland Clay landscapes were generally cleared and settled much later than adjacent areas of Chalk Plain and Downland. Other than the relatively large town of Trowbridge, settlement pattern predominantly consists of series of small-nucleated settlements, the built character (brick and tile) of which often reflects the underlying geology. Views to the large scale industrial buildings on the outskirts of Trowbridge and noise and light pollution from transport corridors detract from the rural, tranquil feel certain locations within this Landscape Character Type.

LCA E4: GREEN LANE ROLLING CLAY LOWLAND – DESCRIPTION

Location and Boundaries: This character area is situated at the eastern edge of Trowbridge and is bordered to the east by the Main A350 road. The corridor of the River Biss abuts the character area to the south, whilst adjacent areas of rolling clay lowland are situated to the east and open clay vale to the north.

Key Characteristics: • Flat, to gently sloping from north to south • Patchwork of arable and pasture (grazed) farmland • Field boundaries generally well maintained, comprising a mixture of low, clipped hedgerows (south east) and fuller hedges to the north east • Two large areas of woodland (Green Lane and Biss Wood) provide a sense of enclosure • Open views to the urban edge of Trowbridge (sometimes visually harsh)

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

• Strong sense of enclosure to the south, with more open views to the north (across adjacent open clay vales) • Scattered settlement pattern • Varied sense of tranquillity, dependent on distance from A350 and Trowbridge urban edge.

Summary of Visual Character The area slopes gently from north to south, towards a ridge, which runs along Yarnbrook Road to the south east. The landscape is underlain by clay geology. Field pattern is relatively regular within the north eastern half of the area, where the landscape comprises patchwork of arable and pasture (grazed) farmland. To the south west, farmland is predominantly arable, and dominated by two large areas of predominantly deciduous woodland (Green Lane Wood and Biss Wood). To the north east field boundaries consist of generally intact, mature hedgerows, whilst to the south west, fields are demarcated by low, trimmed intact hedgerows. Other than the close proximity of the area to Trowbridge, settlement pattern consists of a couple of scattered farmsteads. There are open views to the urban edge of Trowbridge, which are harsh in places, especially where new development is visible. The noise/ visual intrusion associated with Yarnbrook Road detracts from the otherwise predominantly rural character of the area. A series of minor roads (including West Ashton Road) and an interconnected network of footpaths (including Green Lane) provide access to the area. A strong sense of enclosure is apparent in the south west as a result of Green Lane and Biss Wood and also woodland lining the ridge to the south. In contrast, further to the north, sense of openness is more apparent with views to the northern edge of Trowbridge and across adjacent areas of open clay vale. Overall sense of tranquillity is varied, depending on proximity to the A350 and urban edge of Trowbridge.

LCA E4: GREEN LANE ROLLING CLAY LOWLAND – EVALUATION

Inherent Landscape Sensitivities: • Flat, to gently sloping from north to south • Intact hedgerow network, mature and generally well maintained • Green Lane and Biss Woods, which provide a sense of enclosure and contribute to distinctive landscape pattern within the area and have significant ecological value • Sense of tranquillity away from major road corridor and settlement edge.

Key Landscape Changes: • Flat, to gently sloping from north to south • Pressure for further expansion of settlement and new development threatening the rural character of the area • Noise and visual intrusion associated with A350 road corridor

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

• A350 highway improvements • Sustainable management of woodlands to maximise ecological and historic potential • Potential loss of hedgerow network due to intensification of agricultural practices, resulting in change to/ loss of existing landscape pattern • Pressure on minor rural roads connecting to Trowbridge.

4.3 THE SITE AND STUDY AREA 4.3.1 The site itself is a single, relatively flat field, covering approximately 12ha, and is managed as an area of open grassland on the current urban fringe of the town of Trowbridge, with large areas of recent and allocated development to the north-east and south respectively. Existing on-site development is limited to a recently constructed footway, created as part of a footpath diversion application for Footpath TROW131, and two recently constructed road junctions off Leap Gate to the south-east. The site boundaries are defined by Biss Brook and recent tree planting along its northern boundary, and by Leap Gate and West Ashton Road to the south-east and south-west respectively; a mixed native hedgerow defines the boundary between the site and West Ashton Road. No statutory or local non-statutory designations cover, or lie adjacent to, the site.

4.3.2 Within 500m of the site: the area is defined by its location in the allocated urban expansion area of Trowbridge, with fields being managed as grassland, set aside for future development. There is existing development to the north and west, and land set aside for future development to the east and south. Landcover is varied between the built form of Trowbridge and the currently undeveloped fields, set aside for future development; the River Biss to the west is a notable ecological corridor running through the area, with Biss Meadows County Park being an important recreational area on the residential edge of Trowbridge. Hedgerow cover is present along most field boundaries and has a relatively strong structure, including associated tree planting, however in areas where new sections of road have recently been constructed, specifically around the roundabout to the south and along Leap Gate, vegetation cover is notably limited. West Ashton Road and Leap Gate are the primary transport corridors within the area, providing links with County Way and the A361 to the north and with the A350 (Yarnbrook Road) to the south-east. The PRoW network within 500m of the site is mainly focused around the river Biss and the fields to the west of the site, however Footpath WASH16 to the east of the site is notable as it connects directly with Footpath TROW131.

4.3.3 Between 500m and 1500m from the site: the area remains defined by the allocated urban expansion area of Trowbridge, with the north-west/south-east divide between the built-form of the town and the surrounding fields being more pronounced than within 500m of the site. Landuse in this

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire area is also broadly split between the urban, predominately residential development of Trowbridge, and the fields that have been allocated for future development. To the east, the relatively flat landscape gives way to a more elevated landform, with the dipslope to the west of the A350 being a notable landform feature. Green Lane Wood and Biss Wood are key features between 500m and 1500m, being important ecological sites, and together with the A350, roughly delineating the boundary between what is allocated to be the urban fringe of Trowbridge and more rural landscape beyond. Vegetation cover remains similar to that within 500m of the site, with hedgerows being dense but fragmented along transport corridors. Blocks of woodland are notable features to the east, while to the south and north-west the River Biss serves as an important green link connecting Trowbridge with the wider landscape. The historic landscape is primarily focused around the town centre of Trowbridge, to the north-west, with there being several important designated heritage assets. The PRoW network in this area is comparatively limited, with pedestrian access being limited to a few key routes connecting Trowbridge with the wider countryside. There are a greater range of transport corridors crossing the area, with the A350 to the east and the Wessex Main Line railway, on an embankment to the west, providing important vehicular links beyond the study area.

4.3.4 Beyond 1500m of the site: the landscape to the north-west remains typified by the built-form of Trowbridge, with industrial development to the south having almost merged the town with the villages of North Bradley and Yarnbrook. However, to the east of the A350 the landscape has a more rural character, with development in this area being of a much smaller scale. The elevated landform to the east is a key feature of the study area, although the greater percentage of hedgerow cover along PRoWs and transport corridors means that views are generally enclosed, with panoramic views across the landscape being limited.

4.4 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT GEOLOGY AND PEDOLOGY 4.4.1 The study area has primarily developed over a bedrock of mudstone, with a distinct sandstone intrusion to the east; the site itself is located on an area of Oxford Clay Formation. In terms of superficial deposits, a belt of Alluvium (clay, silt, sand and gravel) runs along the site’s northern boundary, where the land falls away from the adjacent Biss Brook. There are a variety of soil types within the study area, with the site being located on the boundary of an area of slowly permeable, seasonally wet, slightly acid but base-rich loamy and clayey soils, which are present throughout much of the clay lowland, and an area of loamy and clayey floodplain soils with naturally high groundwater, which are present along the corridor of the River Biss and its tributaries.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

4.4.2 The land on which the site is located is classified by the Natural England Agricultural Land Classification (ALC) maps as being Grade 4 – Poor. However, it should be noted that the Natural England ALC maps are intended for strategic use and are not sufficiently accurate for use in assessment of individual fields or sites.

LANDFORM AND TOPOGRAPHY 4.4.3 The topography of the area is closely tied to its geology, with the study area being largely defined by the relatively flat lowland in which the site and the majority of existing built form is located. To the east, a sandstone intrusion has resulted in a notable area of elevated landform, with the land rising to >90m Above Ordnance Datum (AOD). The dipslope to the west of the A350 is a notable landform feature and defines the boundary between the lowland and the elevated landform to the east.

4.4.4 The site itself is located on an area of predominantly flat land, with the majority of the development area being located at approximately 40m AOD. The land falls away slightly to the north, with a small part of the site, and Biss Brook, being located between 35-45m AOD.

LANDCOVER AND BIODIVERSITY 4.4.5 Landcover can be broadly split north-west/south-east, between the built-form of Trowbridge and the surrounding landscape. The land around Trowbridge has an agricultural element, however there are notable areas of managed grassland, set aside for planned future development. The landscape is broken up by mixed native hedgerows, with tree belts and woodland blocks being distinct features of the area. Mature individual trees are present throughout the landscape to the north-east of the site, having also been integrated into the recent Castle Mead housing estate; the majority of these trees are remnants of Green Lane Wood, when it historically covered a much larger area. Green Lane Wood and Biss Wood are two notable areas of woodland habitat in close proximity to the site, both being designated as County Wildlife Sites (CWS) and areas of Ancient Woodland, with Green Lane Wood also being designated as a Local Nature Reserve. Together with the Green Lane Nature Park they form a Wiltshire Wildlife Trust Nature Reserve, which has been identified as being an important habitat for nationally rare Bechstein bats. Biss Meadows to the west of the site is an area of riparian habitat and has been designated as a CWS, with riparian vegetation also being present along the route of the River Biss.

4.4.6 The main development area comprises an area of managed grassland, with larger vegetation cover being limited to the site’s northern and south-western boundaries. Along the site’s northern

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire boundary, adjacent to Biss Brook, there are a mixture of native and non-native trees, both within and bordering the site. The majority of tree planting along this boundary is recent, however there is a more mature element present, particularly to the north-east. A mixed native hedgerow defines the south- western boundary, the hedge has received limited management and stands approximately 5m tall. For full details of the on-site planting refer to the Tree Survey and Arboricultural Impact Assessment, undertaken by WHLandscape. There are no statutory or non-statutory natural environment designations covering, or directly adjacent to, the site.

4.5 HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT 4.5.1 In terms of the historic landscape, there is evidence that the area has been occupied for thousands of years, with there being indications of Neolithic influences both within and beyond the study area. However, there is greater evidence of Iron Age agricultural activity within the study area, with continued occupation having influenced the landscape pattern of the area. The establishment and expansion of Trowbridge from the Medieval Period and into the present day has been a key influence on not only the historic built environment but also on the landuse and field pattern of the study area. There has been a notable reduction in size of both Green Lane Wood and Biss Wood, allowing for both the expansion of the town and for the use of the land for agricultural purposes. The characteristic regularity within the landscape of large open fields, straight field boundaries and tracks suggests enclosure during the later 18th and 19th centuries, with land ownership gradually being broken up and individual areas becoming better defined.

4.5.2 There are no statutory or non-statutory historic environment designations covering, or within 500m, of the site. Beyond 500m, there are four Conservation Areas in the study area, Trowbridge, Trowbridge (Newtown), Trowbridge (Hilperton Road), and Hilperton No. 1, all of which which confer a requirement to preserve and enhance the character of the designated areas; this will have been taken into consideration when allocating the land for the Ashton Park Urban Extension. Trowbridge General Cemetery lies beyond 1500m and is a Grade II Registered Historic Park and Garden. There are numerous listed buildings within the study area, including several Grade I and Grade II* listed structures, however none of these will have intervisibility with the site.

4.6 BUILT ENVIRONMENT 4.6.1 The development pattern of the study area is closely tied to the ongoing expansion of the town of Trowbridge and its role as one of the main service centres in Wiltshire. Recent development around the settlement has occurred predominately to the east and south of the town, due to the restrictive

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire nature of the Green Belt to the north-west. The recent construction of the Castle Mead housing estate and the expansion of Paxcroft Mead to the north, has resulted in a notable residential increase along the town’s eastern boundary. Moreover, industrial/employment development to the south of the town has brought the urban area of Trowbridge very close to the Villages of North Bradley and Yarnbrook. While much of the land to the south of the site is currently undeveloped, the area has been allocated in the Wiltshire Core Strategy (Page 252–255) for mixed use development as part of the Ashton Park Urban Extension, delivering up to 2600 dwellings and 15ha of employment land. This has resulted in a landscape that is continually evolving with the urban fringe gradually moving as the urban extension is gradually built out.

4.6.2 Green Lane Wood and Biss Wood, together with the A350 roughly delineate the boundary between the allocated urban fringe of Trowbridge and the more rural landscape beyond. To the east of the A350, the settlements of West Ashton and Steeple Ashton, as well as widely dispersed individual dwellings and farmsteads, define the rural landscape. Similarly, the road network is less developed, being a mix of minor roads and access track, as opposed to the main transport corridors which cross the landscape to the west.

4.6.3 Due to the gradual development and expansion of Trowbridge through time, there are a range of building styles and material present within the study area. However, brick built buildings are commonplace, reflecting the widespread use of the local clay, with red tiled roofs also being characteristic of the area.

4.7 VEHICULAR AND PEDESTRIAN ACCESS 4.7.1 The transport network of the study area has developed around Trowbridge, with the settlement’s role as one of the main service centres in Wiltshire meaning that there are good road links both into and out of the town. The site itself is bounded by two roads, West Ashton Lane to the south-west and Leap Gate to the south-east, providing vehicular links between the site and the wider study area. There are several A-roads within the study area, in respect of this application the A350 is the most noteworthy due to its location on elevated ground overlooking the site, as well as the vehicular links it provides between the site and the wider landscape, via West Ashton Road. Leap Gate was constructed to link West Ashton Road with Castle Mead to the north as part of the eastern expansion of Trowbridge. Not only does Leap Gate provide access for residents but it also provides a link between West Ashton Road and the A361 to the north, bypassing the town centre. Trowbridge is

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire also served by the Wessex Main Line railway, which runs north/south through the landscape to the west of the site, with the nearest station lying approximately 1600m to the north-west.

4.7.2 There are numerous PRoWs crossing the landscape, including the White Horse Trail Recreational Route, approximately 2600m to the south-east of the site. Green Lane Nature Park has permissive pedestrian access, with PRoW links via Green Lane (Bridleway) and Footpath WASH16. In respect of the proposed development, Footpath TROW131 is a key route as it runs through the site, however as part of the proposal it will form part of a landscape buffer strip along the northern edge of the development, having recently been moved as part of a previous footpath diversion application. The site has connections with two other footpaths, Footpath WASH16 to the east, which provides a direct link with Green Lane Nature Park, and Footpath TROW124, to the north-west, which provides pedestrian access to Biss Meadows County Park. While the majority of the rights of way within the wider study area allow access to the countryside, they also provide important pedestrian links between the smaller settlements and Trowbridge.

4.8 BASELINE ANALYSIS 4.8.1 The findings of the desk study and field survey have been used to determine the landscape value of the site as a component of the study area, and subsequently identify specific landscape and visual receptors that have the potential to be affected by the development. The proposed development will be assessed against these receptors so as to determine the Significance of Effect of the development on specific aspects of the landscape resource, leading to an overall calculation of Significance of Effect on the landscape resource as a whole.

4.8.2 It should be noted that, while specific receptors have been identified for consideration, this does not necessarily mean that they will be significantly and/or adversely affected by the proposals. Moreover, where there are Significant and/or Adverse effects on specific receptors, this does not mean that there will Significant Adverse effects on the landscape resource as a whole.

LANDSCAPE VALUE 4.8.3 The key factors in determining the landscape value of the study area are listed below:

• Landscape Quality (condition): The study area has a largely intact landscape structure, with Green Lane Wood and Biss Wood being notable areas of woodland. The urban edge is a detracting feature and in some places, presents a poorly-defined urban/rural interface,

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

however it is important to note that the urban fringe of Trowbridge is continually expanding and the perception chnaging. The site itself has areas of boundary vegetation (outside the development area) however, they have received limited management. Within the wider landscape, the site does not contribute any distinct features of elements, having more of an urban-fringe character than that of rural landscape. Value rating: Medium. • Scenic Quality: There are views across the landscape from the elevated landform to the east, however these are predominately from the A350 where there is limited public access. The lowland landscape around the site has a more enclosed visual character. The scenic quality of the site within the study area is primarily derived from being an area of undeveloped land on the urban edge of Trowbridge, however, beyond this the site’s scenic qualities are limited, with pylons and the allocated future development being detracting features. Value rating: Low – Medium. • Representativeness: The study area is generally representative of the Green Lane Rolling Clay Landscape Character Area. However, recent development to the north-east of the site, as well as the allocation of the West Ashton Urban Extension, means that many of the wider area characteristics identified, particularly those referring to the rural and tranquil landscape, will no longer apply to the site as it has already been subject to significant urbanising influences. Value rating: Low – Medium. • Rarity: Green Lane Wood and Biss Wood are both recognised for their importance as habitat for bats, and are both distinct landscape features within their own rights. However, the landscape character areas and types pertinent to the study area are neither particularly rare nor common. The urbanising influence of Trowbridge detracts from the area’s character to some extent. Value rating: Medium. • Conservation Interests: The site lies on the fringe of the more modern development around what would have been the medieval centre of Trowbridge, with the area, including the field pattern, having changed greatly since this period, retaining limited to no historic character. No statutory or local non-statutory, designations cover, or lie adjacent to the site. However, within the wider study area there are several important designated features. Green Lane Wood and Biss Wood have been identified as being an important habitat for nationally rare Bechstein bats, with the site lying within the wider foraging area for the bats colonies. Value rating: Medium – High. • Recreational Value: The White Horse Trail Recreational Route lies on the periphery of the study area crossing the landscape approximately 2600m to the south-east of the site. The PRoW network primarily provides links between Trowbridge and the wider countryside,

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

however none of these are Strategic Rights of Way. Green Lane Nature Park, has public access and is a notable recreational area beyond Trowbridge. Footpath TROW131 runs through the site, having recently been diverted, and is closely linked with Footpath WASH16 and Footpath TROW124, which provide pedestrian links to Green Lane Nature Park and Biss Meadows County Park respectively. Value rating: Medium – High. • Perceptual Aspects: The further from Trowbridge, generally the greater the study area’s tranquility, however the A350 is a notable detracting feature in respect of this. The site has some value as an area of undeveloped land on the edge of a settlement however, West Ashton Road and Leap Gate, as well as recent and allocated development, mean that the perception of the site is changing to that of an area of land subservient to a surrounding developed landscape. Value rating: Low – Medium. • Associations: While the town of Trowbridge itself has several associations with important historical figures, the distinct urban fringe landscape in which the site is situated, has no cultural or historic associations. Value rating: Low.

4.8.4 Overall the value of the landscape is Medium, which means that the site is not a ‘valued landscape’ under Section 11, Paragraph 109, Bullet Point 1, of the NPPF.

LANDSCAPE RECEPTORS 4.8.5 The following landscape receptors have been identified as being aspects of the landscape resource that have the potential to be affected by the affected by the proposals: • Established landscape character, elements, and features (which define the LCAs and LCTs in which the site is located). • The importance of the site as an area of undeveloped land on the urban edge of Trowbridge. • Biss Meadows Country Park and its associated character. • Existing on-site vegetation and its importance in respect of the site itself, as well as part of the wider study area. • The historic environment of the study area, and the site’s relationship with listed and notable non-listed heritage assets.

VISUAL RECEPTORS 4.8.6 The following visual receptors locations have been verified as being areas where individuals and groups of people have the potential to be affected by the affected by the proposals: • Footpath TROW131

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

• West Ashton Road and Leap Gate (Roads and footways) • Biss Meadows Country Park • The residential edge of Trowbridge • The A350 • The elevated landform to the east

4.8.7 Specific viewpoint locations will be selected from where the ZTV indicates that the development area may be visible.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire 5. LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL ASSESSMENT

5.1 DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS 5.1.1 For this LVIA, the landscape and visual effects will be appraised against the development proposals (See Appendix 1) using a baseline of a mixed-use development on an identified, potential employment site on the urban edge of Trowbridge; taking account of the site’s location in relation to the allocated Ashton Park Urban Extension. The findings of the appraisal will be used to determine the suitability of the proposals, as well as to suggest appropriate mitigation measures if required.

5.1.2 The following aspects of the proposals have been considered as part of the assessment of the identified landscape and visual receptors: • Spatial extent: local / immediate (The impact is likely to affect district level concerns, or an immediate area around the proposal). • Duration: Permanent • Time period: Long-term (Operates for more than 5 years). • Frequency: Continuous (The impact persists over the life of the activity). • Reversibility: Permanent

5.1.3 The proposed development will see the construction of 187 dwellings (Use Class C3) and associated infrastructure, with a mix of 187 (70%) open market dwellings and 80 (30%) affordable dwellings; there will be a mix of both two and two and a half story elements across the site. The proposals will also seek outline permission for an extra care facility (Use Class C2), a pub/restaurant (Use Class A3/A4) and primary school (Use Class D1). In addition to the main development, the application also includes the provision of public open space throughout the site, as well as a children’s play park in the site’s north-western corner, sustainable urban drainage, access and other associated infrastructure works. Landscaping will take place throughout the development, including a 30m landscape buffer between the development and Biss Brook to the north. Furthermore, a retention pond will be created in the site’s north-western corner, also serving a notable area of riparian habitat along the course of Biss Brook. The site benefits from vehicular access via two recently constructed road junctions off Leap Gate, and will retain the pedestrian access t provided by Footpath TROW131.

5.1.4 The findings of the Tree Survey and Arboricultural Impact Assessment also form part of the general development proposals. Existing on-site vegetation, particularly that along the site’s northern boundary, will be retained and enhanced where appropriate. Moreover, as part of the general

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire proposals, existing poor quality/diseased vegetation or inappropriate species will be recommended for removal and replacement with appropriate native species.

5.2 LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT 5.2.1 The landscape effect of the proposed residential development of the land west of Biss Farm has been assessed using various receptors identified in the baseline analysis to predict possible effects on the landscape of the site and surrounding study area.

CHARACTER ASSESSMENTS

National level character assessment (NCA: 117. Avon Vales) Due to the broad level of assessment, the key characteristics identified in NCA: 117 are quite general, referring to an area of approximately 64,285ha in size. Bullet point 2 identifies a broad key characteristic of which the site was once partly representative, however, the construction of Leap Gate, as well as the hard- surfaced footway that crosses the site, has largely diminished the site’s contribution to this characteristic. Furthermore, this will have already been ASSESSMENT: strategically assessed by the Local Planning Authority (LPA) when granting permission for the new road and footpath, as well as when identifying and allocating the site, and the land to the south, for development. As such any effects arising from this change have been considered to be acceptable. Key characteristic 3 accurately describes views across the study area from the raised landform to the east, however, development of the site will not change the visual character identified in this key characteristic. Landscape Receptor Sensitivity: High SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: Negligible CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: Moderate/Minor As the baseline condition of the site no longer presents a specific key NATURE OF characteristic of the study area, and the development can be integrated into the EFFECT: landscape without affecting elements or features of the broader key characteristics, the Nature of Effect of the proposed development is Neutral.

Regional level character assessment (LCT 11: Rolling Clay Lowland, LCA 11C: Trowbridge Rolling Clay Downland) The key characteristics identified in LCT 11 and LCA 11C are generally more descriptive of the wider study area, with the site having a distinctive urban fringe ASSESSMENT: character, with West Ashton Road and Leap Gate delineating the boundary with the more varied field pattern to the south and south-east.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

However, Biss Brook does have some level of characteristic willow tree cover. Furthermore, there are characteristic intermittent views to the steep scarps of the chalk uplands to the south-west, from Footpath TROW131. However, as previously stated, these characteristics, as well as the forces for change in the LCT, will have been considered by the LPA when identifying and allocating the site, and the land to the south, for development.

The creation of a 30m landscape buffer along the site’s northern boundary will protected any characteristic tree cover, with there already being recommendations for the enhancement of this boundary as part of the proposals. Moreover, the prevision of open green space along the route of Footpath TROW131 will ensure that views of the chalk uplands can be retained from the site.

It is important to note that, the character of the area is continuing to evolve as a result of the building out of the allocated land for the Ashton Park Urban Extension. As such the sensitivity of the established character at a regional level has already been reduced Landscape Receptor Sensitivity: High – Medium SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: Negligible CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: Moderate/Minor – Minor As the baseline condition of the site does not present a specific key characteristic NATURE OF of the study area, and the development can be integrated into the landscape EFFECT: without fundamentally affecting elements or features of the broader key characteristics, the Nature of Effect of the proposed development is Neutral.

Local level character assessment (LCT E: Rolling Clay Lowland, LCA E4: Green Lane Rolling Clay Lowland) The key characteristic identified for LCT E are largely similar to those identified in the Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment. LCA E4 provides the most accurate description of the landscape in which the site is situated, identifying the sometimes harsh urban edge of Trowbridge and the varied sense of tranquillity as a result of the A350 and urban edge of Trowbridge. ASSESSMENT:

In respect of the characteristics that will potentially be affected, those identified in LCT E will be addressed in a similar manner as those identified in the Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

In terms of the proposed development potentially contributing to the harsh urban edge of Trowbridge, there is a requirement for residential developments to provide a greater percentage of open green space than is the case with employment land (for which the site was identified). As such there is an opportunity to soften the urban edge of Trowbridge and to create a better integrated development. Furthermore, LCT E identifies the existing industrial development as being a detracting feature from the area’s tranquillity, as such the change of use from similarly harmful, allocated employment land will benefit the area.

LCT E4 identifies the pressure of further expansion of settlements and new development as a potential threat to the rural character of the area. However, as previously stated, this will have been considered by the LPA when identifying and allocating the site, and the land to the south, for development.

It is important to note that, the character of the area is continuing to evolve as a result of the building out of the allocated land for the Ashton Park Urban Extension. As such the sensitivity of the established character at a local level has already been considerably reduced Landscape Receptor Sensitivity: Medium SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: Slight CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: Moderate/Minor The potential threat posed by development of the site to the rural character of the area has already been considered and deemed acceptable by the LPA. The NATURE OF baseline condition of the site does not present a specific key characteristic of the EFFECT: study area, with the development being able to be integrated into the landscape without fundamentally affecting elements or features of the broader key characteristics, the Nature of Effect of the proposed development is Neutral.

The importance of the site as an area of undeveloped land on the urban edge of Trowbridge As the site has been identified for development since 2002, it can be fairly assumed that the LPA considers the undeveloped nature of the site to be of limited importance.

The principal of urbanising the site has already been accepted through allocation ASSESSMENT: of the site for employment use, the substitution of industrial units with housing is unlikely to have a greater impact on the surrounding landscape character. Due to the predominantly residential nature of the proposals the developed site will be more in keeping with the recent surrounding residential developments, which were approved after the site was allocated as employment land.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Landscape Receptor Sensitivity: Low SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: Moderate – Slight CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: Moderate/Minor – Minor NATURE OF As the site is already identified for development, all be it in a different form, the EFFECT: Nature of Effect of the proposed development is Neutral.

Biss Meadows Country Park and its associated character Biss Meadows County Park is largely defined by its location within a large area of urban residential development, as such the proposals will have limited effect on it associated character. Furthermore, the site is only visible from a small section ASSESSMENT: of the park (see Viewpoint 12B), seen in the context of West Ashton Road, and as such will not significantly affect the associated visual character of the area. There is the potential for an increase in footfall through the park as a result of the development, however this will be in keeping with the parks established use. Landscape Receptor Sensitivity: High – Medium SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: Negligible CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: Moderate/Minor – Minor As any changes to the baseline condition will be barely distinguishable and in NATURE OF keeping with the established character of the site, the Nature of Effect of the EFFECT: proposed development is Neutral.

Existing on-site vegetation and its importance in respect of the site itself, as well as part of the wider study area There is a requirement for residential developments to provide a greater percentage of open green space than is the case with employment land (for which the site was identified). As such, there is an opportunity to retain and enhance a greater percentage of the site’s existing Green Infrastructure, while also allowing for the creation of landscape features of amenity and ecological value, such as the retention pond and tree planting throughout the site.

ASSESSMENT: It is acknowledged that the development will represent the loss of an area of grassland, the more notable vegetation is located along the site boundaries. This forms a key part of the scheme, not only helping set the development within the landscape but also providing a mitigating element in respect of potential visual effects. As such, appropriate landscape buffers have been put in place to prevent the unsympathetic cutting back or removal of trees and hedges by occupiers of the bordering dwellings. However, it should be noted that the hedgerow along

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

West Ashton Road shows signs of Dutch elm disease, and as such will have to be manged appropriately.

The enhancement of the vegetation along Biss Brook, which itself is an important wildlife corridor, connecting several important areas of habitat in the wider landscape, is a key part of the application. Landscape Receptor Sensitivity: Medium SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: Slight CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: Moderate/Minor As the proposed development requires a higher percentage of Green Infrastructure than the site’s identified landuse, with the development proposals NATURE OF focusing on enhancement of the existing landscape structure and the inclusion of EFFECT: new landscape elements, the Nature of Effect of the proposed development is Positive.

The historic environment of the study area, and the site’s relationship with listed and notable non- listed heritage assets The effect of the proposals on the heritage assets within the study area will be limited due to distance and lack of intervisibility. The proposed development is not considered to affect the historic landscape settings of any heritage assets within the study area, as the associated historic landscape has largely been lost through the expansion of the town, most notably the allocation and continued ASSESSMENT: building out of the Ashton Park Urban Extension.

The site has characteristics consistent with those created by enclosure during the later 18th and 19th centuries, however, the general landscape pattern established during this period has largely been lost due to the creation of Leap Gate and the development around the site. Landscape Receptor Sensitivity: Medium SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: Negligible CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: Minor As the development will not change the historic landscape settings associated NATURE OF with any historic assets within the study area, the Nature of Effect of the EFFECT: proposed development is Neutral.

OVERALL SIGNIFICANCE OF LANDSCAPE EFFECT 5.2.2 The Landscape Value of the study area as a whole is considered to be Medium, taking account of its location on the urban fringe of Trowbridge, as well as the notable conservation interests in the

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire wider landscape. While the urban edge of Trowbridge and the towns potential for expansion are identified as detracting features/potential threats to the character of the area, this will have already been considered by the LPA when identifying and allocating the site, as well as the land to the south and south-east, for development. Furthermore, it has been identified that existing industrial development is a detracting feature from the area’s tranquillity, as such the change of use from similarly harmful, allocated employment land will potentially be less harmful to the landscape. As such, the overall Susceptibility to Change of the site within the study area is considered to be Low. Therefore, this study considers the Overall Landscape Sensitivity of the site within the surrounding landscape to be Medium – Low.

5.2.3 In terms of the Overall Magnitude of Landscape Effect resulting from the proposals, any change has to be considered in terms of the key elements and features that will definitely be affected and those that will potentially be affected (i.e. existing boundary planting), as well as the importance of these elements and features as part of the wider landscape. While the proposals will result in a new area of development, they will not result in the loss or alteration of any key elements, features and characteristics of the baseline condition. Moreover, the type of development proposed presents an opportunity for inclusion of a higher percentage of green infrastructure than if the site were developed entirely as employment land. As such, the Overall Magnitude of Landscape Effect is considered to be Slight. The development proposals are considered to have an Overall Significance of Effect of Moderate/Minor – Minor, which is not significant when considered under the LVA methodology used in the assessment.

5.2.4 While the proposed development represents a change in landuse from that for which the site was originally identified and allocated as, it will be more suitable in context between the existing residential edge of Trowbridge and the development proposed as part of the Ashton Park Urban Extension. Furthermore, it will be more in keeping with the evolving character of the area. Additionally, the change in landuse also allows for a higher percentage of green infrastructure within the scheme. As such the overall Nature of Effect of the proposed development is Neutral.

RECOMMENDED MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT 5.2.5 The following recommendations are appropriate to reduce the significance of the potential landscape effects of the proposed development. Proposals will focus on the retention and enhancement of existing tree and hedgerow cover along the site’s northern and south-western boundaries, as well as a comprehensive scheme of new planting and management across the site. The

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire mitigation and enhancement recommendations have been guided by the findings of the Tree Survey and Arboricultural Impact Assessment.

General: • Use a traditional form and a palette of materials characteristic of other developments in the area. • Use low level lighting where the site borders the landscape buffer strip, to minimise light spill so as not to affect wildlife.

Existing Planting: • Enhance the planting along the site's northern and south-western boundaries as appropriate, with a focus on repairing the landscape structure as necessary:

 Remove any existing poor quality/diseased vegetation or invasive species and replace as appropriate.

 Maintenance of all retained vegetation, with a focus on undertaking remedial work, including thinning, removal of low growth and crown raising as appropriate.

 Gap up the hedgerow structure where necessary. • Planting for the purposes of replacement and enhancement will use appropriate native species characteristic of the area.

Proposed Planting: • Establish new and appropriate areas of planting within and around the site, with a focus on establishing structural tree planting to integrate the site into the surrounding landscape. • Plant large feature trees characteristic of the area within the site, to create interest and to replicate the character of the existing residential developments to the north-east. • Use a mix of domestic and native trees and shrubs, as appropriate, to create a setting for the development. • Use native riparian tree and shrub species for the creation of the proposed retention pond to the north-west of the site, as well as the enhancement of Biss Brook.

EFFECT OF MITIGATION 5.2.6 At Implementation: The overall Significance of Effect and Nature of Effect will remain largely the same. In both instances, while removal of inappropriate vegetation and general remedial work

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire will be an improvement to the area, any changes associated with the mitigation will primarily become apparent when planting reaches maturity.

5.2.7 At Maturity: The overall Significance of Effect will remain the same however the site will be better integrated into the urban edge of Trowbridge. Similarly, the overall nature of effect will remain Neutral, however there will be notable benefits in respect of the sites exiting tree and hedgerow cover, in particular the riparian habitat along Biss Brook will be significantly improved.

5.3 VISUAL ASSESSMENT 5.3.1 The recorded viewpoints can be used to predict possible effects from PRoWs, roads, publicly accessible areas and residential properties within the study area. Viewpoints have been determined from where the desk study and ZTV suggested that the development areas may be visible, as well as observations during the field survey. The recorded viewpoints are considered appropriate for the scale of the development and the prevailing topography and land cover. All the photographs were taken using a digital equivalent of a 50mm focal length traditional 35mm SLR lens to represent most accurately the views as seen by the human eye.

5.3.2 For the purpose of this assessment, close views are between 0m – 500m from the proposed development, medium views are between 500m – 1500m, and long views from further than 1500m. Where appropriate, specific viewpoints have been organised into groups to help better determine the visual impact of the proposed development. Views are representative and not totally exclusive. (See Appendix 2: Viewpoint Photographs for enlarged copies of the selected viewpoints).

5.3.3 The Viewpoints were visited in July 2017 when vegetation was in full leaf. The Seasonal differences (seasonality), in respect of potential effects arising from the varying degree of screening/filtering of views by vegetation that will apply in summer and winter, have been considered in the assessment of all recorded viewpoints; as per the recommendation of GLVIA3. It is important to note that the recording of viewpoints during different seasons is not a prerequisite of the consideration of seasonality, as GLVIA3 states

The timing of the assessment work and the project programme will also influence the practicality of covering more than one season.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Viewpoint 1: Long distance, obscured view south-west, north of Cold Harbour; taken from Footpath GHIN11. Approximate distance from site: 3050m Approximate OS map elevation: Between 70m and 75m AOD

Views of the proposed development will be obscured by Green Lane Wood. Due to the density of the intervening vegetation, the site will remain obscured even ASSESSMENT: when there is limited to no leaf cover. Views from Hag Hill and Hag Hill Farm to the west will be similarly obscured by Green Lane Wood and intervening hedgerow cover. Visual Receptor Sensitivity: Medium SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: None CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: None NATURE OF As the entire development will be completely obscured, the Nature of Effect of EFFECT: the proposed development is Neutral.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Viewpoint 2: Long distance, partial glimpsed view west, through small gap in field boundary hedge; taken from Mudmead Lane (Restricted Byway SASH30). Approximate distance from site: 1790m Approximate OS map elevation: Between 75m and 80m AOD

Due to a small section of the field boundary hedgerow having a weakened structure, there will be glimpses of the proposed development over low vegetation. Landform partially obscures the site’s eastern corner, while the existing hedgerow restricts further views towards the site from along Mudmead Lane. While the development will theoretically be visible, any change will be virtually imperceptible, in large part due to the limited amount of development which will potentially be visible, coupled with the distance of receptors from the site. ASSESSMENT:

Furthermore, existing urban residential development offers the site a high level of containment, with the proposals not representing a change to the established visual character associated with the view. Views would be largely similar if the site were to be built-out as employment land. Seasonality will result in an increase in available views through the field boundary hedgerow, however the amount of development potentially visible will remain the same, still being seen in the established urban context. Visual Receptor Sensitivity: Medium SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: Negligible CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: Minor While theoretically visible, the development will be difficult for receptors to NATURE OF discern, being well contained within the residential edge of Trowbridge, as such EFFECT: the Nature of Effect of the proposed development is Neutral.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Viewpoint 3: Long distance, obscured view north-west, south of Rood Ashton Park; taken from Footpath WASH1. Approximate distance from site: 2070m Approximate OS map elevation: Between 85m and 90m AOD

Views of the proposed development will be obscured by Biss Wood. Due to the density of the intervening vegetation, the site will remain obscured even when ASSESSMENT: there is limited to no leaf cover. Views from Rood Ashton Park to the north will be similarly obscured by Biss Wood and intervening hedgerow cover. Visual Receptor Sensitivity: Medium SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: None CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: None NATURE OF As the entire development will be completely obscured, the Nature of Effect of EFFECT: the proposed development is Neutral.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Viewpoint 4: Medium distance, partially open view north-west, from the village of West Ashton; taken from the junction of the A350 and West Ashton Road. Approximate distance from site: 1440m Approximate OS map elevation: Between 65m and 70m AOD

Due to elevated landform, the site will be visible over existing vegetation and development. However, it is important to note that the site forms part of a much wider panorama that includes the urban edge of Trowbridge, as well as detracting features such as pylons. Biss Farm partially breaks up views towards the site, as well as establishing a line of development closer to potential receptors than the proposed development itself, meaning that the balance of the view will be unchanged. The visual character of the area will also be largely unaffected as the development will be seen in the existing built-form context of the urban edge of Trowbridge, with the existing lighting along Leap Gate establishing the urban character of the land around the site. ASSESSMENT:

A backdrop of trees helps contain the site within the landscape ensuring that the site does not present a prominent feature within the landscape. Views would be largely similar if the site were to be built-out as employment land, although the predominantly residential nature of the proposed development will be apparent to receptors. There are potentially similar residential views from the upper storey windows of properties on the edge of West Ashton. Due to a lack of intervening vegetation seasonality will have no impact on how the development is perceived. The proposed Ashton Park Urban Extension will dramatically reduce intervisibility with the site once constructed. Visual Receptor Sensitivity: Low SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: Moderate – Slight CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: Moderate/Minor – Minor The development will initially have a slight Adverse Nature of Effect, however the NATURE OF continued building out of the Ashton Park will mean that any long-term effects EFFECT: will be Neutral.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Viewpoint 5: Medium distance, obscured view north-west, on the edge of the A350; taken from Footpath SASH44. Approximate distance from site: 1050m Approximate OS map elevation: Between 45m and 50m AOD

Views of the proposed development will be obscured by a dense tree belt between Green Lane Wood and Biss Wood. While, the site will remain obscured even when there is limited to no leaf cover there is the potential for light spill ASSESSMENT: from the development during the winter months, however this will be negligible in the context of the existing development on the urban edge of Trowbridge and the lighting along Leap Gate. Views from the A350 will be extremely short duration and at a 90-degree angle to the route of the road. Visual Receptor Sensitivity: Medium SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: None (Negligible during the winter months) CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: None (Minor during the winter months) As the entire development will be completely obscured for the majority of the NATURE OF year, with any light spill from the development being seen as part of the urban EFFECT: edge of Trowbridge, the Nature of Effect of the proposed development is Neutral.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Viewpoint 6: Close distance, partially open view north-west; taken from Footpath TROW125. Approximate distance from site: 440m Approximate OS map elevation: Between 40m and 45m AOD

There are open views towards the development through large gaps in existing field boundary planting, where the site will be seen behind the existing lighting along Leap Gate. The backdrop of trees will offer the development a level of containment although, due to the proximity of potential receptors to the site, development may also appear as above existing tree cover in some places. Existing development to the east and west helps establish the development’s built form setting and associated visual character, which will be largely unchanged. However due to the angle of the viewpoint and the gap between the areas of ASSESSMENT: existing built form there will be a change to the make-up and balance of the view.

Views would be largely similar if the site were to be built-out as employment land, with the school and public house being visible in front of the proposed residential element. Seasonality will result in a slight increase in intervisibility when there is limited to no leaf cover, however this will not notably change receptor perception of the development. The proposed Ashton Park Urban Extension will eventually reduce intervisibility with the development with a large percentage of the site being obscured. Visual Receptor Sensitivity: Medium SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: Moderate – Slight CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: Moderate – Moderate Minor NATURE OF The development will have an Adverse Nature of Effect, however the significance EFFECT: of this will be notably reduced once the Ashton Park Urban Extension is built out.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Viewpoint 7: Close distance, glimpsed, heavily filtered view south-west through tree belt on the edge of the Castle Mead housing estate (east of Leap Gate); taken from a recently constructed pedestrian walkway. Approximate distance from site: 280m Approximate OS map elevation: Between 40m and 45m AOD

Views from the edge of the Castle Mead housing estate, east of Leap Gate are largely obscured by a dense belt of vegetation. However, in some areas a weakened landscape structure has led to heavily filtered views towards the site. The development will generally be difficult for the viewers to discern, with the development only becoming visible as a result of sustained viewing through the existing vegetation, although this is unlikely to change the character of the view ASSESSMENT: as development is already visible beyond the site. Views would be largely similar if the site were to be built-out as employment land. Seasonality will result in a slight increase in intervisibility when there is limited to no leaf cover, however this will not notably change receptor perception of the development. The proposed Ashton Park Urban Extension will eventually reduce intervisibility with the development with a large percentage of the site being obscured. Visual Receptor Sensitivity: Medium – Low SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: Negligible CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: Minor – Minor/None While theoretically visible, the development will be difficult for receptors to NATURE OF discern, with views from the Castle Mead housing estate almost exclusively being EFFECT: obscured. As such the Nature of Effect of the proposed development is Neutral.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Viewpoint 8: Close distance, partial open view south-west from the residential edge of the Castle Mead housing estate (west of Leap Gate). Representative of residential views from the adjacent properties. Approximate distance from site: 100m Approximate OS map elevation: Between 40m and 45m AOD

There are open views towards the development across a landscaped area on the edge of the Castle Mead housing estate, although existing tree and hedgerow planting to the west breaks up views across the whole site. The development will be a noticeably distinct feature in the landscape, bringing development closer to potential receptors. However, while the make-up and balance of the view will change, the visual character of the area will not be significantly affected, with existing lighting along Leap Gate establishing the site’s urban setting. Moreover, ASSESSMENT: the baseline condition of the site is that of an undeveloped landscape with limited visual amenity value, similarly views beyond the site are of limited significance. Views would be largely similar if the site were to be built-out as employment land, although the predominantly residential nature of the proposed development will be apparent to receptors. Due to a general lack of intervening vegetation seasonality will have a limited impact on how the development is perceived, although lack of leaf cover may result in very heavily filtered views through the vegetation to the west.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Visual Receptor Sensitivity: Medium SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: Moderate CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: Moderate The development will have an Adverse Nature of Effect, however the significance NATURE OF of this will be reduced once the Ashton Park Urban Extension is built out and the EFFECT: wider site context is changed.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

VIEWS ADJACENT TO/WITHIN THE SITE

Viewpoint 9: Close distance, open view north from the junction of West Ashton Road and Leap Gate; taken from pedestrian walkway. Approximate distance from site: Adjacent Approximate OS map elevation: Between 40m and 45m AOD

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Viewpoint 10: Close distance, open view west from the proposed landscape buffer strip; taken from Footpath TROW131, adjacent to Leap Gate. Approximate distance from site: Within Approximate OS map elevation: Between 40m and 45m AOD

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Viewpoint 11: Close distance, open view south from the proposed landscape buffer strip; taken from Footpath TROW131. Approximate distance from site: Within Approximate OS map elevation: Between 35m and 40m AOD

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Viewpoint 12a: Close distance, open view south-east from the proposed landscape buffer strip; taken from Footpath TROW131, at junction with West Ashton Road. Approximate distance from site: Within Approximate OS map elevation: Between 35m and 40m AOD

There are open views across the site from Leap Gate, as well as from Footpath TROW131 where it runs through the proposed landscape buffer. Views from the adjacent West Ashton Road are obscured by a dense roadside hedge. The proposed development will create a prominent feature, however it will not be dominant as the established visual character will not fundamentally change, with existing development around the site defining its urban fringe setting. The most notable views will be those looking south from Footpath TROW131, where the ASSESSMENT: changes in the make-up and balance of the view will be the most notable, with the loss of several long-distance views to the landscape beyond. However, the site itself has limited visual amenity value, with it presenting as an area of undeveloped land in the foreground of all views. Views would be largely similar if the site were to be built-out as employment land, although the predominantly residential nature of the proposed development will be apparent to receptors. Due to a lack of intervening vegetation seasonality will have a no impact on how the development is perceived. Visual Receptor Sensitivity: Medium – Low SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: Substantial – Moderate CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: Moderate As the development will lead to the loss of some characteristic intermittent views NATURE OF to the steep scarps of the chalk uplands to the south-west, the Nature of Effect EFFECT: of the proposed development is Adverse.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Viewpoint 12b: Close distance, partial open view south-east from Biss Meadows Country Park; taken from Footpath TROW124. Approximate distance from site: 55m Approximate OS map elevation: Between 35m and 40m AOD

Views from Biss Meadows Country Park are almost exclusively obscured by dense vegetation and existing development, however, at the start of Footpath TROW124 there is a single, partial view into the site, through a gap in vegetation, where Footpath TROW131 starts. It is important to note that views of the development from this location will not affect the overall visual character associated with Biss Meadows Country Park, with development only being visible when exiting the park. The development will be visible as a new feature and will ASSESSMENT: preclude views to the woodland beyond the site, however, it will be set back from the site boundary behind the landscape buffer and the proposed retention pond. Overall change to the view’s visual amenity will be limited, with West Ashton Road being a notable detracting feature in the foreground of the view. Views would be largely similar if the site were to be built-out as employment land. Seasonality will result in a slight increase in intervisibility when there is limited to no leaf cover, however this will not notably change receptor perception of the development, and will not result in views from further within Biss Meadows Country Park. Visual Receptor Sensitivity: Medium SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: Slight CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: Minor NATURE OF As the development will be visible without any existing built form context, the EFFECT: Nature of Effect of the proposed development is Adverse.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Viewpoint 13: Close distance, partial view north-east; taken from pedestrian walkway adjacent to West Ashton Road. Representative of residential views from the adjacent properties. Approximate distance from site: 160m Approximate OS map elevation: Between 40m and 45m AOD

Roofs of the proposed dwelling will be visible over existing residential development on the edge of Trowbridge, resulting in the loss of some intervisibility with the woodland beyond the site, however it will not be completely obscured and the new buildings will not dominate the view. While the development will be seen beyond the existing built form, this does not represent a significant change to the established visual character, with the make-up and balance of the view being largely unchanged. There are potentially similar ASSESSMENT: residential views from the upper storey windows of the adjacent residential properties on the edge of Trowbridge, including Uplands House slightly to the east, which has upper story views to the site, albeit with an intervening field, fencing and some tree cover. Views would be largely similar if the site were to be built-out as employment land. Seasonality will result in a slight increase in intervisibility when there is limited to no leaf cover, however this will not notably change receptor perception of the development, and will not result in the proposed development becoming more prominent than existing buildings. Visual Receptor Sensitivity: Low SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: Slight CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: Minor As the development will follow the line of the existing built form and will not NATURE OF significantly change the area’s established visual character, the Nature of Effect EFFECT: of the proposed development is Neutral.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Viewpoint 14: Close distance, partial view east from the residential edge of Trowbridge; taken from Footpath TROW130. Representative of residential views from the adjacent properties. Approximate distance from site: 150m Approximate OS map elevation: Between 35m and 40m AOD

The dense hedgerow along West Ashton Road precludes open views across the site, however the roofs and upper storeys of the proposed development will be visible over the hedgerow. The proposals will see development extend further to the south than is currently the case, with there being a change to the make-up and balance of the view. However, the associated visual character will be largely unchanged due to the existing residential development to the north establishing the site’s baseline condition as being on the urban fringe. Furthermore, existing ASSESSMENT: lighting along Leap Gate, and around the Ashton Road roundabout establish the site’s urban setting. Views would be largely similar if the site were to be built-out as employment land. Seasonality will result in a slight increase in intervisibility when there is limited to no leaf cover, however this will not notably change receptor perception of the development due to the density of the roadside hedge. The proposed Ashton Park Urban Extension will eventually reduce intervisibility with the development with a large percentage of the site being obscured. SIGNIFICANCE Visual Receptor Sensitivity: Medium CALCULATION: Magnitude of Change: Moderate – Slight

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Significance of Effect: Moderate – Moderate/Minor The development will have an Adverse Nature of Effect, however the significance NATURE OF of this will be reduced once the Ashton Park Urban Extension is built out and the EFFECT: wider site context is changed.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Viewpoint 15: Close distance, partial glimpsed view north-east; taken from Drynham Lane (Byway NBEA43). Approximate distance from site: 440m Approximate OS map elevation: Between 35m and 40m AOD

Views from Byway NBEA43 are almost exclusively obscured by dense vegetation along the route, although there is a single view towards the site through a gap in hedgerow (Note: this gap is not the route of Byway NBEA43 or any connecting PRoW). The dense hedgerow along West Ashton Road precludes open views across the site, with only the roofs and upper storeys of the proposed development being visible. The proposals will see development extend further to the south than is currently the case, with there being a change to the make-up and balance of the view. Furthermore, the existing vegetation along Byway ASSESSMENT: NBEA43 almost entirely obscures views of existing development to the north and south, meaning that the proposals will be seen outside of the existing residential context of the urban edge of Trowbridge. Views would be largely similar if the site were to be built-out as employment land. Seasonality will result in a slight increase in intervisibility when there is limited to no leaf cover, however this will not notably change receptor perception of the development due to the density of the roadside hedge. The proposed Ashton Park Urban Extension will eventually reduce intervisibility with the development with a large percentage of the site being obscured. Visual Receptor Sensitivity: Medium SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: Moderate – Slight CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: Moderate – Moderate/Minor The development will have an Adverse Nature of Effect, however the significance NATURE OF of this will be reduced once the Ashton Park Urban Extension is built out and the EFFECT: wider site context is changed.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Viewpoint 16: Close distance, partial filtered view north-east, west of the White Horse Business Park; taken from Footpath NBRA11. Approximate distance from site: 1140m Approximate OS map elevation: Between 40m and 45m AOD

There are open views towards the site over intervening vegetation, with there being views of the roofs and upper storeys of the proposed development. The trees behind the site will offer the development a level of containment, and create a backdrop to the development. Existing development to the east and west helps establish the development’s built form setting and associated visual character, which will be largely unchanged. Due to the angle of the viewpoint and the gap between the areas of existing built form there will be a slight change to ASSESSMENT: the make-up and balance of the view, however distance and intervening tree and hedge cover is a notable mitigating factor. Views would be largely similar if the site were to be built-out as employment land. Seasonality will result in a slight increase in intervisibility when there is limited to no leaf cover, however this will not notably change receptor perception of the development. The proposed Ashton Park Urban Extension will eventually reduce intervisibility with the development with a large percentage of the site being obscured. Visual Receptor Sensitivity: Medium SIGNIFICANCE Magnitude of Change: Slight CALCULATION: Significance of Effect: Moderate/Minor NATURE OF The development will have an Adverse Nature of Effect, however the significance EFFECT: of this will be notably reduced once the Ashton Park Urban Extension is built out.

OVERALL SIGNIFICANCE OF VISUAL EFFECT 5.3.3 The overall Visual Sensitivity of the study area is considered medium, taking account of the potential for residential views, as well as the well-used footpath network. However, the visual envelope of the site is comparatively limited when taking account of the potential for elevated views from the east, with existing dense vegetation being a key mitigating feature, obscuring views.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Additionally, the existing built form of Trowbridge precludes any views beyond 250m to the north- east. Furthermore, the development, while visible as a new feature within the landscape, will predominantly be seen in the established existing residential context of the urban edge of Trowbridge. There is potential for some notable, close distance views, however the effect of these will be extremely localised. Furthermore, views of the development would be largely similar if the site were to be built- out as employment land, although the predominantly residential nature of the proposed development will be apparent to some receptors. As such the overall Magnitude of Visual Change is considered to be Moderate – Slight, resulting in the overall Significance of Effect being considered Moderate – Moderate/Minor, which is not significant when considered under the LVIA methodology used in the assessment.

5.3.4 The proposals will see a change to the make-up and balance of the view from several viewpoints, with the development being noticeably prominent from views directly adjacent and within the site. However, the overall visual character of the area will largely be unchanged due to the distinct urban fringe location of the site. As such, while there will be some localised adverse effects, the overall Nature of Effect is considered to be Neutral.

5.3.5 As regards both the Significance of Effect and the Nature of Effect it is important to note that they will both change once the Ashton Park Urban Extension is built out, with views being obscured and the site’s wider context changed into a more urban environment.

RECOMMENDED MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT 5.3.6 The following recommendations are appropriate to reduce the significance of the potential visual effects of the proposed development, with the aim being to integrate the development into the landscape while providing visual amenity enhancements through a comprehensive scheme of planting and management.

General: • Use a traditional form and a palette of materials characteristic of other developments in the area. • Use low level lighting where the site borders the landscape buffer strip, to minimise light spill so as reduce secondary visual effects.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Existing Planting: • Enhance the planting along the site's northern and south-western boundaries as appropriate, with a focus on repairing the landscape structure as necessary:

 Remove any existing poor quality/diseased vegetation or invasive species and replace as appropriate.

 Maintenance of all retained vegetation, with a focus on undertaking remedial work, including thinning, removal of low growth and crown raising as appropriate.

 Gap up the hedgerow structure where necessary. • Planting for the purposes of replacement and enhancement will use appropriate native species characteristic of the area.

Proposed Planting: • Establish new and appropriate areas of planting within and around the site, with a focus on strategic structural tree planting to integrate the site into the surrounding landscape and break up views of the development. • Plant large feature trees characteristic of the area within the site, to create visual amenity features and add varied structure to the development. • Use a mix of domestic and native trees and shrubs, as appropriate, to create a setting for the development and to offer a level of visual containment.

EFFECT OF MITIGATION 5.3.7 At Implementation: The Significance of Visual Effect and Nature of Effect will be largely the same from the majority of Viewpoints. However, the general management of the existing vegetation and repair of the hedgerow structure will have some Positive benefits on visual amenity.

5.3.8 At Maturity: The overall Significance of Effect will be reduced to Moderate/Minor with the site being better defined within the landscape and being contained by a mature landscape structure. Furthermore, additional planting will help filter views and create a more appropriate setting for the development. The Nature of Effect will become Positive from several Viewpoints where the repair and enhancement of the landscape structure will notably benefit the area’s visual amenity. Adverse effects will be reduced as a result of the recommendations, with many becoming Neutral. There are likely to be some residual Adverse visual effects resulting from the development, however, none of the residual Adverse effects will be significant, nor will they be seen by high sensitivity receptors.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

5.4 CONSTRUCTION EFFECTS 5.4.1 During construction, plant and materials will be visible. However, the construction effects associated with the development will be temporary and will have no lasting adverse effects on the recorded landscape and visual receptors. Appropriate storage of construction material and equipment will help minimise any effects during construction. The existing vehicular access off Bridleway COMP/7/1 will also serve as the site access during the construction period. Suitable root protection area stand-offs will be applied around all retained vegetation where necessary.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire 6. MITIGATION STRATEGY

6.1 The mitigation strategy described in this section is designed to conserve and enhance the landscape setting of the site, while also helping to integrate the proposed development into the wider landscape.

6.2 The strategy is designed to address the following issues: • Maintaining a strong landscape framework capable of absorbing and reducing possible Visual Effects from the proposed development on views towards the site. • Mitigating any local visual effect of the proposed development. • Enhancing the landscape and visual character of the area. • Maintaining, protecting and supplementing existing patterns of vegetation through extensive new planting, restoration and management of the landscape as a whole.

6.3 LANDSCAPE PROPOSALS 6.3.1 The aim of the proposals is to integrate the development into local landscape while also taking account of allocated future development around the site, and the way the site will be perceived in its context. The proposals also aim to incorporate elements of the area’s local character alongside the local landscape and the existing residential character. Proposals will focus on the enhancement of the existing landscape structure, including the replacement of inappropriate species, as well as the establishment of areas of green infrastructure both within and around the development, using locally native species. The proposals are in keeping with the relevant characteristics listed in section 4.2 of this document, while also being guided by, and meeting the requirements of, the relevant policies listed in section 3.

6.3.2 It is not the aim to screen the proposals, but to create a balanced setting for the development which takes account of existing natural heritage features while also providing a strong landscape framework which works with the design and layout of the proposed development. New planting will take place around the site where appropriate, specifically in areas where there is limited or weakened boundary definition. There will be a focus on removing inappropriate species and supplementing existing green infrastructure with native species, while also appropriately managing retained vegetation. Additionally, new ecological resources, such as a retention/habitat pond in the site’s north-western corner, will be created. Limited, but strategic planting of large tree species will be used to replicate the landscape settings of existing residential developments in the area (the Castle Mead

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

housing estate), while also serving as visual amenity features and adding varied structure to the development.

6.4 EXISTING VEGETATION 6.4.1 The aim of the landscape strategy is to retain, manage and enhance existing vegetation as far as possible. However, in the case of the hedgerow along West Ashton Road, the presence of Dutch elm disease will mean that some vegetation may require removal and replacement. Where necessary, remedial work will be undertaken on the retained vegetation, including thinning, removal of low growth and crown raising, as well as supplementing existing patterns of planting, such as the shrub bends to the north, with new species. In terms of the existing planting, any existing poor quality/diseased vegetation or invasive species will be recommended for removal and replacement. Plants that are removed will be replaced with native species where appropriate.

6.4.2 A root protection buffer zone will also be put in place on the outer edge of the calculated Root Protection Areas (RPAs) of the retained trees and hedging, where necessary, in order to prevent ground works from affecting the roots of the retained vegetation. Development in the RPAs of the retained trees is permissible, provided the RPA is cut back no more than 20% on one side. In the case of the proposed paths and tracks, a no-dig construction method will be used close to trees and hedges.

6.5 PROPOSED PLANTING FEATURE TREES 6.5.1 It is recommended that Beech (Fagus Spp.) be strategically planted within the site as feature trees, replicating the locally characteristic planting structure in the in the nearby Castle Mead housing estate. The feature trees will serve as attractive amenity features, creating structure and a positive contrast between the development and its immediate landscape setting. These trees will also help break up views of the proposed development and establish a distinct setting for the site.

Feature Tree Species Approx. height Clear stem Scientific name Common name Girth (cm) Specification (m) height (m) Extra Heavy Fagus sylvatica Beech 14 – 16 4.00 / 4.50 min 2.00 Standard Fagus sylvatica Extra Heavy Copper Beech 14 – 16 4.00 / 4.50 min 2.00 ‘purpurea’ Standard

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

STRUCTURAL TREES 6.5.2 It is recommended that the feature trees be supplemented with additional structural tree planting, using larger, characteristic native species. Their purpose will be largely similar to that of the feature trees, breaking up views of the development while integrating the site into the surrounding landscape.

Structural Tree Species Approx. height Clear stem Scientific name Common name Girth (cm) Specification (m) height (m) Acer platanoides Norway maple 12 – 14 Heavy Standard 3.50 / 4.00 min 2.00 Carpinus betulus Hornbeam 12 – 14 Heavy Standard 3.50 / 4.00 min 2.00 Corylus colurna Turkish hazel 12 – 14 Heavy Standard 3.50 / 4.00 min 2.00 Juglans regia English Walnut 12 – 14 Heavy Standard 3.50 / 4.00 min 2.00 Tilia cordata Small-leafed Lime 12 – 14 Heavy Standard 3.50 / 4.00 min 2.00

STREET/AMENITY TREES 6.5.3 Street/amenity trees will be used along the main access roads through the development, as well as around the proposed care home, school, and public house, to serve as attractive amenity features, while also softening localised views of the development. Along with the feature and structural tree planting they will help create green links through the development, connecting both existing and proposed ecological resources, as well as encouraging species diversity around the site.

Street Tree Species Approx. height Clear stem Scientific name Common name Girth (cm) Specification (m) height (m) Acer campestre var. Field Maple var. Selected 10 - 12 3.00 / 3.50 Min. 2.00 'Queen Elizabeth' 'Queen Elizabeth' Standard Selected Acer rubrum Red maple 10 - 12 3.00 / 3.50 Min. 2.00 Standard Betula pendula Selected Ornäs birch 10 - 12 3.00 / 3.50 Min. 2.00 ‘Dalecarlica’ Standard Crataegus laevigata Hawthorn 'Paul's Selected 10 - 12 3.00 / 3.50 Min. 2.00 'Paul's Scarlet' Scarlet' Standard Selected Ligustrum lucidum Chinese privet 10 - 12 3.00 / 3.50 Min. 2.00 Standard Selected Malus tschonoskii Chonosuki crabapple 10 - 12 3.00 / 3.50 Min. 2.00 Standard

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Selected Sorbus × intermedia Swedish whitebeam 10 - 12 3.00 / 3.50 Min. 2.00 Standard Selected Zelkova serrata Keaki 10 - 12 3.00 / 3.50 Min. 2.00 Standard

OPEN SPACE/HEDGEROW TREES 6.5.4 Native trees will be planted in the proposed landscape buffer to the north of the site, as well as around the proposed care home, school, and public house, to help break up views of development and to enhance the area’s biodiversity by supplementing existing patterns of planting in the area. Native trees will be planted in an irregular pattern to replicate a more naturalistic form, and to create distinct habitat areas.

Open Space/Hedgerow Tree Species Approx. height Clear stem Scientific name Common name Girth (cm) Specification (m) height (m) Acer campestre Field Maple 8 - 10 Standard 2.50 / 3.00 1.75 / 2.00 Betula pendula Silver birch 8 - 10 Standard 2.50 / 3.00 1.75 / 2.00 Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn 8 - 10 Standard 2.50 / 3.00 1.75 / 2.00 Malus sylvestris Crab apple 8 - 10 Standard 2.50 / 3.00 1.75 / 2.00 Prunus avium Wild cherry 8 - 10 Standard 2.50 / 3.00 1.75 / 2.00 Prunus padus Bird cherry 8 - 10 Standard 2.50 / 3.00 1.75 / 2.00 Pyrus communis Wild pear 8 - 10 Standard 2.50 / 3.00 1.75 / 2.00 Sorbus torminalis Wild service tree 8 - 10 Standard 2.50 / 3.00 1.75 / 2.00

MIXED NATIVE HEDGEROW PLANTING 6.5.5 It is recommended that, where appropriate, the site boundary be defined by a mixed native hedgerow, supplemented with native tree planting. Additionally, it is recommended that the hedgerow along West Ashton Road, be repaired with a similar planting mix where Dutch elm disease has weakened the hedgerow structure. New hedgerow planting will help filter views of the proposed development, while also better integrating it into the surrounding landscape. There will also be enhancements to the site’s biodiversity through the creation of new habitat areas and green links.

Mixed Native Hedge Species Scientific name Common name Specification Approx. height (cm) Percentage Acer campestre Field maple Transplant 45 - 60 5% Corylus avellana Hazel Transplant 45 - 60 25%

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn Transplant 45 - 60 45% Euonymus europaeus Spindle Transplant 45 - 60 5% Ilex aquifolium Holly Pot-grown (2ltr) 45 - 60 2.5% Prunus spinosa Blackthorn Transplant 45 - 60 10% Viburnum lantana Wayfaring tree Transplant 45 - 60 5% Viburnum opulus Guelder rose Transplant 45 - 60 2.5%

AMENITY SHRUB PLANTING 6.5.7 Amenity planting will take place across the site, to enhance the setting of the development, and creating district character areas. Additionally, it will also encourage species diversity and providing areas of habitat within the urban environment. Amenity planting will have benefits in respect of creating notable areas of green infrastructure within the site that benefits residents and visitors, as well as animals, particularly insects.

Amenity Shrub Species Scientific name Common name Specification Percentage Aucuba japonica var. Variegated Japanese laurel Pot-grown 9% ‘Variegata’ Cornus sanguinea var. Dogwood var. ‘Midwinter Pot-grown 8% ‘Midwinter Fire’ Fire’ Cotinus coggygria var. Smoke bush var. ‘Royal Pot-grown 9% ‘Royal Purple’ Purple’ Cotoneaster lacteus Late cotoneaster Pot-grown 8% Euphorbia amygdaloides Mrs Robb's bonnet Pot-grown 9% var. ‘Robbiae’ Forsythia x intermedia var. Forsythia var. 'Lynwood' Pot-grown 8% ‘Lynwood’ Lavandula angustifolia var. Lavender var. 'Munstead' Pot-grown 13% ‘Munstead’ Photinia x fraseri var. ‘Red Christmas berry var. 'Red Pot-grown 9% Robin’ Robin' Potentilla fruticosa var. Shrubby cinquefoil var. Pot-grown 9% ‘Elizabeth’ 'Elizabeth' Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary Pot-grown 9% Spiraea japonica var. Spiraea var. ‘Goldflame’ Pot-grown 9% ‘Goldflame’

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

RIPARIAN PLANTING 6.5.8 A retention pond is to be created at the site's north-westerly corner, where water would naturally collect. The pond will not only be for attenuation but will also provide a biodiversity enhancement for the site, as well as an attractive amenity feature. In conjunction with Biss Brook, the attenuation pond will be enhanced through the planting of native riparian species, including trees, shrubs and grass/wildflower mixes. Riparian planting will predominantly serve as a landscape enhancement to the area, creating an attractive feature and important area of green infrastructure along the site’s northern boundary. Additionally, planting around the pond will help break up views of the site from the start of Footpath TROW131, as well as from Biss Meadows Country Park.

Riparian Tree Species Approx. height Clear stem Scientific name Common name Girth (cm) Specification (m) height (m) Alnus glutinosa Common Alder 8 - 10 Standard 2.50 / 3.00 1.75 / 2.00 Betula pubescens Downy Birch 8 - 10 Standard 2.50 / 3.00 1.75 / 2.00 Selected Populus nigra Black poplar 10 - 12 3.00 / 3.50 Min. 2.00 Standard Populus tremula Aspen 8 - 10 Standard 2.50 / 3.00 1.75 / 2.00 Salix caprea Goat Willow 8 - 10 Standard 2.50 / 3.00 1.75 / 2.00 Salix fragilis Crack Willow 8 - 10 Standard 2.50 / 3.00 1.75 / 2.00

Riparian Shrub Species Scientific name Common name Specification Percentage Cornus sanguinea Dogwood Pot-grown 25% Corylus avellana Hazel Pot-grown 20 % Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn Pot-grown 12.5% Frangula Alnus Alder Buckthorn Pot-grown 7.5% Prunus spinosa Blackthorn Pot-grown 12.5% Viburnum opulus Guelder rose Pot-grown 5% Salix repens Creeping willow Pot-grown 7.5% Salix viminalis Osier Pot-grown 10%

Marginal Species Scientific name Common name Specification Percentage Butomus umbellatus Flowering Rush Pot-grown 10% Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold Pot-grown 10%

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Carex acuta Slender Tufted-sedge Pot-grown 10% Geum rivale Water Avens Pot-grown 10% Iris pseudacorus Yellow Iris Pot-grown 10% Juncus effuses Corkscrew Rush Pot-grown 10% Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife Pot-grown 10% Mentha aquatica Water Mint Pot-grown 10% Myosotis palustris Water Forget-Me-Not Pot-grown 10% Veronica beccabunga Brooklime Pot-grown 10%

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire 7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

7.1 The key considerations when appraising the potential Landscape and Visual Effects of the proposals are the receptors that will be potentially affected by the development. Of particular importance to the consideration of the development’s overall effect is that, while the principal of urbanising the site has already been accepted through the allocation of the site for employment use, will the proposal for a mixed-use, predominantly residential, development have a greater or lesser effect on potential receptors? Key mitigating factors to be considered are the areas of built-form constructed since the site was originally identified for employment use, as well as the allocation of the land to the south for mixed use development as part of the Ashton Park Urban Extension.

7.2 In respect of changes in landscape character associated with the proposed development, there will be no significant effects as a result of the proposal to build-out the site as a mixed-use development. Any potential effects will be similar in nature to those that would occur if the site were to be developed for employment use. Moreover, the requirement for residential developments to provide a higher percentage of green infrastructure will mean that the proposed development can be better integrated into the landscape, with the provision of a 30m landscape buffer to the north, ensuring that characteristic intermittent views to the steep scarps of the chalk uplands to the south- west will not be entirely lost from the site. Furthermore, the increase in the amount of green infrastructure required will mean that landscape enhancements can form a key part of the development, rather than planting being proposed simply for mitigation purposes.

7.3 The site is well contained within the current urban fringe of Trowbridge, with its setting being defined by existing residential development to the north, east and west. As such, the proposed development will be more in keeping with the site’s landscape context, and will help in creating a gradual transition between the surrounding residential development and the proposed mixed used Aston Park Urban Extension to the south-west. Effects on heritage assets will be limited due to a general lack of intervisibility, as well as the site context and the established principal of urban extension to Trowbridge across the area. Additionally, recreational resources such as Biss Meadows Country Park will be unaffected by the proposals, with the Route of Footpath TROW131 being enhanced through the landscaping of the proposed buffer zone. The lack of significant on-site vegetation also means that potential impacts to the area’s natural heritage and biodiversity are reduced, however as previously mentioned, the requirement for landscaping as part of the scheme provides opportunities to establish some larger areas of planting within the site, while also enhancing existing landscape and ecological resources through restoration and management.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

7.4 The visual envelope of the site is comparatively limited when taking account of the potential for elevated views from the east, with existing dense vegetation being a key mitigating feature, obscuring views. Additionally, the existing built form of Trowbridge precludes any views beyond 250m to the north-east. Publicly accessible views of the site range from close to long distance, with the site being almost exclusively (with the exception of Viewpoint 15) seen in the built-form context established by the existing residential development around the site. From the areas where the site is not visible, landform and dense intervening vegetation obscure views towards the development, even when leaf cover is at a minimum. While from some viewpoints there is potential for light spill during the winter months, this will largely be seen in the context of the exiting lighting along Leap Gate.

7.5 The most notable views of the development are those from Footpath TROW131 looking across the site to the wider landscape to the south-west. These views are part of a much broader characteristic of the area where the chalk uplands are visible. However, as previously stated with the prevision of the 30m landscape buffer as part of the development will mean that such views will not be entirely lost from the site. Overall views would be largely similar if the site were to be built-out as employment land, although for close distance receptors the predominantly residential nature of the proposed development, and the increase in Green Infrastructure will be more apparent. Furthermore, none of these views is significant in terms of the methodology used in this assessment. As the visual assessment was undertaken in July 2017 when vegetation was in full leaf, it has been noted that seasonality may result in a slight increase in intervisibility with the site, however this will not notably change receptor perception of the development.

7.6 As a result of the assessment of Landscape and Visual Effects, it has been determined that, due to the established principal for development of the site and the its context on the urban fringe of Trowbridge, contained by residential development, any potential effect on landscape and visual receptors will be lessened. The proposals will not be significantly detrimental to any of the key characteristics or descriptions of the site and the surrounding landscape as identified in this document. Moreover, there are not any significant adverse effects on high value receptors within the landscape. Taken as a whole, the development will have an overall Moderate – Moderate/Minor effect, which is not considered significant under the LVA methodology used in this appraisal. Furthermore, the overall Nature of Effect of the development pre-mitigation is considered to be Neutral. As regards both landscape and visual effects it is important to note that their significance and nature will change once the Ashton Park Urban Extension is built out, with views being obscured and the site’s wider context changed into a more urban environment.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

7.7 Mitigation and enhancement measures will mean that the development can be integrated into the wider landscape through a comprehensive scheme of strategic planting and habitat creation, with there being an increase in the diversity of the site’s green infrastructure as well as enhancement of existing ecological resources. Taken as a whole, the proposed development post-mitigation will have a Moderate/Minor effect, which is not significant when considered under the LVIA methodology used in this assessment.

7.8 The suggested mitigation will lessen the potential adverse effects associated with the proposed development, with there being no significant residual effect on the character and appearance of the study area and the wider landscape, or the visual amenity of the area. The proposed development can be undertaken in compliance with the relevant guidance and policies in the National Planning Policy Framework and the Wiltshire Core Strategy.

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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire 8. REFERENCES

ASSESSMENT GUIDANCE

The Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment, 2013. Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment. 3rd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.

The Countryside Agency (Now Natural England) and Scottish Natural Heritage, 2002. Landscape Character Assessment: Guidance for England and Scotland. Available through: Natural England website

MAPPING

Wiltshire Council, 2017. Public rights of way mapping. Available at:

British Geological Survey, 2017. Geology of Britain viewer. Available at:

Soilscapes, 2017. Soilscapes Map. Available at:

Natural England, 2010. Agricultural Land Classification Map South West Region. Available at:

Magic, 2017. Interactive Mapping. Available at:

Wiltshire Council, 2017. Online Mapping. Available at:

Historic England, 2017. The National Heritage List for England. Available at:

PLANNING

Department for Communities and Local Government, 2012. National Planning Policy Framework. Available at:

Wiltshire Council, 2015. Wiltshire Core Strategy. Available at:

WHLandscape 72

Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Mixed-Use Development of Land West of Biss Farm, September 2017 West Ashton Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Natural England, 2014. NCA Profile: 117 Avon Vales. Available through: Natural England website < http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/4822288767647744?category=587130>

Land Use Consultants, 2005. Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment. Available at: Wiltshire Council website

West Wiltshire District, 2007. West Wiltshire District Landscape Character Assessment. Available through: Wiltshire Council website

ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS

WHLandscape, 2017. Tree Survey and Arboricultural Impact Assessment.

WHLandscape 73

ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL Key:

Site boundary 1500m Off-set from site boundary

Public Rights of Way

Footpath

Bridleway m 0 0 1 5 5 Byway open to all traffic 1 0 0 m Other Public Access

Other routes with public access

Recrea�onal route (White Horse Trail)

500m

Traffic-free cycle route

Roads

Main road 5 0

0

m m

Secondary road

0

0

5

Road generally more than 4m wide

Road generally less than 4m wide

m

0 Other road, drive or track

1

0

5 5

0 1 Railway

0

5

0 m

Track mul�ple or single

0

m

m

0

0

5

© Copyright WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd. This drawing is

issued on the condi�on it is not reproduced, retained or

disclosed to any unauthorised person, either wholly or in part

without wri�en consent of WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd.

Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright 2017. All rights reserved.

WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd Licence number: LAN1001422

N

m

1

0

5

0

0

5

0

1

m

Sandcliffe House, Northgate Street,

Devizes, Wiltshire SN10 1JT

: 01380 727539 : [email protected]

t e

Client: Persimmon Homes (Wessex)

Project: Mixed-Use Development - Land West of Biss Farm

Figure �tle: Loca�on Plan

Figure number: Scale: Fig. 1 1:15000 @ A3

DB: CB: Date: Rev: GH WH Aug 17 0 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 2000m Key:

Site boundary

Recent residen�al development

W es t A s ht on R e o at a d G

p a e L

FP

(T 4) R 12 O TROW W131) FP (

1) W13 FP (TRO

F P

(T R O

W

1 3 0)

W

e

st

A s h

to n e t FP R a (WA o G SH a p 16) d a e L

© Copyright WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd. This drawing is

issued on the condi�on it is not reproduced, retained or ) disclosed to any unauthorised person, either wholly or in part 30 1 without wri�en consent of WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd. W O R Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright 2017. All rights reserved. (T WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd Licence number: LAN1001422

FP

N

We

s t te A a s G h ap Sandcliffe House, Northgate Street, to e Devizes, Wiltshire SN10 1JT n L R t: 01380 727539 e: [email protected] FP ) o (NBR 1 A30 3 a ) Client: A d R Persimmon Homes (Wessex) B N ( Project: P F Mixed-Use Development - Land West of Biss Farm

Figure �tle: Ver�cal Aerial

Figure number: Scale: Fig. 2 1:2500 @ A3

DB: CB: Date: Rev: GH WH Aug 17 0 15 30 45 60 90 120 150 300m Key: C2 Site boundary B2 1500m Off-set from site boundary

Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment

Landscape Character Type 11: Rolling Clay Lowland 11C: Trowbridge Rolling Clay Lowland

Landscape Type 12: Open Clay Vale m 12B: Avon Open Clay Vale 0 0 1 5 5 West Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment 1 0 0 Landscape Character Type B: Clay River m Floodplain B2: Biss Clay River Floodplain

E5 Landscape Character Type C: Open Clay Vale

C2: Semington Open Clay Vale

Landscape Character Type E: Rolling Clay

E3: North Bradley Rolling Clay Lowland

500m E4: Green Lane Rolling Clay Lowland

E5: Steeple Ashton and Keevil Rolling Clay Lowland

E7: West Ashton Rolling Clay Lowland

Urban Area

5 0

E4 0 Notes: m m 1) The en�re study area is located within Na�onal Character 0

Area Profile: 117. Avon Vales. 0

5

m

0

1

0

5 5

0 1

0

5

0 m

0

m

m

0

0

5

E7

© Copyright WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd. This drawing is

B2 issued on the condi�on it is not reproduced, retained or

disclosed to any unauthorised person, either wholly or in part

without wri�en consent of WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd.

Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright 2017. All rights reserved.

WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd Licence number: LAN1001422

N

m

1

0

5

0

0

5

0

1

m

Sandcliffe House, Northgate Street,

Devizes, Wiltshire SN10 1JT

: 01380 727539 : [email protected]

t e

E3 Client: Persimmon Homes (Wessex)

Project: Mixed-Use Development - Land West of Biss Farm

Figure �tle: Landscape Character

Figure number: Scale: Fig. 3 1:15000 @ A3

DB: CB: Date: Rev: GH WH Aug 17 0 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 2000m Key: 4 Site boundary 1500m Off-set from site boundary

Natural Environment Designa�ons

Local Nature Reserve

County Wildlife Site m 0 0 3 1 Heritage Designa�ons 5 5 1 0 0 Conserva�on Area m 1: Trowbridge

2: Trowbridge (Newtown)

3: Trowbridge (Hilperton Road)

4: Hilperton No. 1

Grade II Registered Park and Garden

1 500m

Grade I listed building

Grade II* listed building

5 0 Other Designa�ons

0

m m 2 Greenbelt 0

0

5

m

0

1

0

5 5

0 1

0

5

0 m

0

m

m

0

0

5

© Copyright WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd. This drawing is

issued on the condi�on it is not reproduced, retained or

disclosed to any unauthorised person, either wholly or in part

without wri�en consent of WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd.

Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright 2017. All rights reserved.

WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd Licence number: LAN1001422

N

m

1

0

5

0

0

5

0

1

m

Sandcliffe House, Northgate Street,

Devizes, Wiltshire SN10 1JT

: 01380 727539 : [email protected]

t e

Client: Persimmon Homes (Wessex)

Project: Mixed-Use Development - Land West of Biss Farm

Figure �tle: Designa�ons

Figure number: Scale: Fig. 4 1:15000 @ A3

DB: CB: Date: Rev: GH WH Aug 17 0 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 2000m Key:

Site boundary 1500m Off-set from site boundary

Height AOD

94m

m 0 0 1 5 5 78m 1 0 0 m

62m

500m

47m

5 0

0

m m

31m

0

0

5

Notes:

1) The plan has been prepared using GIS computer so�ware

(MapInfo) and Ordnance Survey landform data, and as such does

not take into account built form or vegeta�on present within

the landscape.

m

0

1

0

5 5

0 1

0

5

0 m

0

m

m

0

0

5

© Copyright WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd. This drawing is

issued on the condi�on it is not reproduced, retained or

disclosed to any unauthorised person, either wholly or in part

without wri�en consent of WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd.

Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright 2017. All rights reserved.

WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd Licence number: LAN1001422

N

m

1

0

5

0

0

5

0

1

m

Sandcliffe House, Northgate Street,

Devizes, Wiltshire SN10 1JT

: 01380 727539 : [email protected]

t e

Client: Persimmon Homes (Wessex)

Project: Mixed-Use Development - Land West of Biss Farm

Figure �tle: Topography

Figure number: Scale: Fig. 5 1:15000 @ A3

DB: CB: Date: Rev: NM/GH WH Aug 17 0 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 2000m Key:

Site boundary 1 1500m Off-set from site boundary

Noteable areas of vegeta�on poten�ally obscuring views (not illustrated in ZTV)

Railway embankment poten�ally obscuring views (not illustrated in ZTV)

m 0 Viewpoint 0 1 5 5 1 0 0 Zone of Theore�cal Visibility m

High poten�al visibility

500m

5 0

0

m m

0 13

0 7

8

5

11

12

Low poten�al visibility

10

14

6 m

0 No visibility

2

9

1

0

5 5 5

0 1

0

5

Notes:

0 m

15 1) The Zone of Theore�cal Visibility (ZTV) plan was produced 0

m

using GIS computer so�ware (MapInfo) and Ordnance Survey

m

landform data to determine the poten�al visibility of the site.

0

0

5

2) For this survey the model used the height of a three storey

building (12m) as the datum for the survey across the site.

3) The ZTV illustrates the extent to which the site is poten�ally

visible from the surrounding area (from a 1.6m high receptor),

however, the ZTV does not take into account built form or

vegeta�on present within the landscape and as such field

verifica�on is required to refine the accuracy of the ZTV.

© Copyright WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd. This drawing is

issued on the condi�on it is not reproduced, retained or

disclosed to any unauthorised person, either wholly or in part

without wri�en consent of WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd.

Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright 2017. All rights reserved.

WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd Licence number: LAN1001422

16

N

m

1

0

45

0

0 3 5

0

1

m

Sandcliffe House, Northgate Street,

Devizes, Wiltshire SN10 1JT

: 01380 727539 : [email protected]

t e

Client: Persimmon Homes (Wessex)

Project: Mixed-Use Development - Land West of Biss Farm

Figure �tle: Zone of Theore�cal Visibility and Viewpoint Plan

Figure number: Scale: Fig. 6 1:15000 @ A3

DB: CB: Date: Rev: NM/GH WH Aug 17 0 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 2000m Key:

Site boundary 1500m Off-set from site boundary

Major ridgeline

Downslope scarp

m 0 Minor ridgeline 0 1 5 5 1 0 0 m Minor downslope

Significant vegeta�on

Noteable watercourse

500m Trees and hedgerows obscuring/

filtering views

Notable development

5 0 Main line railway 0

m m

0

0

Open views

5

Par�al/filtered views

Poten�al ??? views

m

0

1

0

Views obscured by landform and

5 5

vegeta�on

0 1

0

5

0 m

0

m

m

0

0

5

© Copyright WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd. This drawing is

issued on the condi�on it is not reproduced, retained or

disclosed to any unauthorised person, either wholly or in part

without wri�en consent of WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd.

Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright 2017. All rights reserved.

WHLandscape Consultancy Ltd Licence number: LAN1001422

N

m

1

0

5

0

0

5

0

1

m

Sandcliffe House, Northgate Street,

Devizes, Wiltshire SN10 1JT

: 01380 727539 : [email protected]

t e

Client: Persimmon Homes (Wessex)

Project: Mixed-Use Development - Land West of Biss Farm

Figure �tle: Landscape and Visual Analysis

Figure number: Scale: Fig. 7 1:15000 @ A3

DB: CB: Date: Rev: GH WH Aug 17 0 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 2000m

APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1: DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS

APPENDIX 2: VIEWPOINT PHOTOGRAPHS Site obscured by Green Lane Wood Castle Mead Housing Estate A350

VP: 1 Viewpoint direction: South-west Approximate distance from site boundary: 3050m Taken by: GH Photograph date: 03/08/17 Approximate OS map elevation: Between 70m and 75m AOD Residen�al edge of Trowbridge

Glimpsed views of site

VP: 2 Viewpoint direction: West Approximate distance from site boundary: 1790m Taken by: GH Photograph date: 03/08/17 Approximate OS map elevation: Between 75m and 80m AOD Site obscured by St. John’s Church intervening tree belt

VP: 3 Viewpoint direction: North-west Approximate distance from site boundary: 2070m Taken by: GH Photograph date: 03/08/17 Approximate OS map elevation: Between 85m and 90m AOD Lower Studley Approximate extent of site West Ashton Road

Lower Biss Farm Biss Wood Biss Farm

Larkrise Community Farm

A350

VP: 4 Viewpoint direction: North-west Approximate distance from site boundary: 1440m Taken by: GH Photograph date: 03/08/17 Approximate OS map elevation: Between 65m and 70m AOD Site obscured by Glimpsed views of intervening tree belt Castle Mead Housing Estate

Footpath SASH44

VP: 5 Viewpoint direction: North-west Approximate distance from site boundary: 1050m Taken by: GH Photograph date: 03/08/17 Approximate OS map elevation: Between 45m and 50m AOD Edge of Castle Mead Approximate housing estate extent of site

Footpath TROW125

VP: 6 Viewpoint direction: North-west Approximate distance from site boundary: 440m Taken by: GH Photograph date: 03/08/17 Approximate OS map elevation: Between 40m and 45m AOD Heavily filtered views of the site

VP: 7 Viewpoint direction: South-west Approximate distance from site boundary: 280m Taken by: GH Photograph date: 03/08/17 Approximate OS map elevation: Between 40m and 45m AOD Open views across site Overlap with Viewpoint 8

Leap Gate (2/2)

VP: 8 1/2 Viewpoint direction: South-west Approximate distance from site boundary: 100m Taken by: GH Photograph date: 03/08/17 Approximate OS map elevation: Between 40m and 45m AOD VP:8 Taken by: GH 2/2 Open views across site Photograph date: 03/08/17 Viewpoint direction: South-west

Overlap with Viewpoint 8(1/2) proposed development Views ofroofs of Approximate OS mapelevation: Between 40mand45m AOD Approximate distance from site 100m boundary: Overlap with Viewpoint 9(2/3) Approximate distance from site boundary: Adjacent site from distance Approximate AOD 40m and 45m Between OS map elevation: Approximate Open views across site across Open views Viewpoint direction: North direction: Viewpoint Photograph date: 03/08/17 date: Photograph 1/3 Taken by: GH by: Taken VP: 9 housing estate Edge of Castle Mead of Castle Edge

Overlap with Viewpoint 9(3/3) boundary: Adjacent site from distance Approximate AOD 40m and 45m Between OS map elevation: Approximate

Open views across site across Open views

Overlap with Viewpoint 9 Viewpoint with Overlap (1/3) Viewpoint direction: North direction: Viewpoint Photograph date: 03/08/17 date: Photograph 2/3 Taken by: GH by: Taken VP: 9 Open views across site

Green Lane Wood

Edge of Castle Mead (2/3) housing estate

Leap Gate Overlap with Viewpoint 9 with Viewpoint Overlap

VP: 9 3/3 Viewpoint direction: North Approximate distance from site boundary: Adjacent Taken by: GH Photograph date: 03/08/17 Approximate OS map elevation: Between 40m and 45m AOD Overlap with Viewpoint 10(2/3) Approximate distance from site boundary: Within site from distance Approximate AOD 40m and 45m Between OS map elevation: Approximate Open views across site across Open views Viewpoint direction: West direction: Viewpoint Photograph date: 03/08/17 date: Photograph 1/3 Taken by: GH by: Taken VP: 10 Overlap with Viewpoint 10(3/3) Approximate distance from site boundary: Within site from distance Approximate AOD 40m and 45m Between OS map elevation: Approximate Open views across site across Open views of Trowbridge Residen�al edge Residen�al

Viewpoint direction: West direction: Viewpoint Photograph date: 03/08/17 date: Photograph

Overlap with Viewpoint 10 Viewpoint with Overlap (1/3) 2/3 Taken by: GH by: Taken VP: 10 Open views across site (2/3)

Footpath TROW131 Overlap with Viewpoint 10 with Viewpoint Overlap

Landscape Buffer

VP: 10 3/3 Viewpoint direction: West Approximate distance from site boundary: Within Taken by: GH Photograph date: 03/08/17 Approximate OS map elevation: Between 40m and 45m AOD West Ashton West Biss Wood

Overlap with Viewpoint 11(2/3) Approximate distance from site boundary: Within site from distance Approximate AOD 35m and 40m Between OS map elevation: Approximate Landscape buffer Landscape Open views across site across Open views Viewpoint direction: South direction: Viewpoint Photograph date: 03/08/17 date: Photograph Footpath TROW131 Footpath 1/3 Taken by: GH by: Taken VP: 11 Overlap with Viewpoint 11(3/3) Approximate distance from site boundary: Within site from distance Approximate AOD 35m and 40m Between OS map elevation: Approximate Landscape buffer Landscape Open views across site across Open views

Viewpoint direction: South direction: Viewpoint Photograph date: 03/08/17 date: Photograph

Overlap with Viewpoint 11 Viewpoint with Overlap (1/3) 2/3 Taken by: GH by: Taken VP: 11 VP:11 Taken by: GH 3/3

Overlap with Viewpoint 11(3/3) Photograph date: 03/08/17 Viewpoint direction: South Open views across site Residen�al edge of Trowbridge Landscape buffer Approximate OS mapelevation: Between 35mand40m AOD Approximate distance from site Within boundary: Footpath TROW131 Open views across site

Green Lane Wood Biss Wood

Landscape buffer Approximate loca�on of proposed reten�on pond Footpath TROW131

VP: 12a Viewpoint direction: South-east Approximate distance from site boundary: Within Taken by: GH Photograph date: 03/08/17 Approximate OS map elevation: Between 35m and 40m AOD Glimpsed views of proposed development

Beginning of Footpath TROW131

West Ashton Road

Footpath TROW124 Biss Meadows Country Park

VP: 12b Viewpoint direction: South-east Approximate distance from site boundary: 55m Taken by: GH Photograph date: 03/08/17 Approximate OS map elevation: Between 35m and 40m AOD Views of roofs of proposed development

West Ashton Road

VP: 13 Viewpoint direction: South-east Approximate distance from site boundary: 160m Taken by: GH Photograph date: 03/08/17 Approximate OS map elevation: Between 40m and 45m AOD Residen�al edge Views of roofs of of Trowbridge proposed development Overlap with Viewpoint 14

Footpath TROW130 (2/2)

VP: 14 1/2 Viewpoint direction: East Approximate distance from site boundary: 150m Taken by: GH Photograph date: 03/08/17 Approximate OS map elevation: Between 35m and 40m AOD Views of roofs of proposed development

(1/2) Loca�on of proposed public house Overlap with Viewpoint 14 with Viewpoint Overlap

VP: 14 2/2 Viewpoint direction: East Approximate distance from site boundary: 150m Taken by: GH Photograph date: 03/08/17 Approximate OS map elevation: Between 35m and 40m AOD Glimpsed views of roofs of proposed development

VP: 15 Viewpoint direction: North-east Approximate distance from site boundary: 440m Taken by: GH Photograph date: 03/08/17 Approximate OS map elevation: Between 35m and 40m AOD Edge of Castle Mead housing estate Approximate extent of site

VP: 16 Viewpoint direction: North-east Approximate distance from site boundary: 1140m Taken by: GH Photograph date: 03/08/17 Approximate OS map elevation: Between 40m and 45m AOD

APPENDIX 3: FULL ZONE OF THEORETICAL VISIBILITY PLAN Site Boundary

Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV)

High Potential Visibility

Low Potential Visibility

No Visibility

0 1km

© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2017. Licence number 0100031673