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Second Homes in the Slovenian Alps with Special Emphasis on the Municipality of Bovec

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Second Homes in the Slovenian Alps with Special Emphasis on the Municipality of Bovec HRVATSKI GEOGRAFSKI GLASNIK 81/1, 61−81 (2019.) UDK 338.488.2:643-022.348](497.4) Original scientific paper 911.3:338.48](497.4) Izvorni znanstveni članak DOI 10.21861/HGG.2019.81.01.03 Received / Primljeno 2018-11-30 / 30-11-2018 Miha Koderman Accepted / Prihvaćeno Marko Pavlič 2019-01-09 / 09-01-2019 Second homes in the Slovenian Alps with special emphasis on the Municipality of Bovec Vikendice u slovenskim Alpama s posebnim naglaskom na općinu Bovec In the past decades, second homes have caused Proteklih su desetljeća vikendice uzrokovale important transformations in the morphology of značajne transformacije u morfologiji tradicionalnih traditional village-based settlements in many mountain seoskih naselja u mnogim planinskim područjima. Te areas. Such changes are particularly evident in the intense su promjene osobito vidljive u naglašenoj koncentraciji concentration of these buildings in some settlements and vikendica u formi kuća u ponekim naseljima, a mogu se can occur in the form of multi-apartment recreational javljati i u obliku višestambenih apartmanskih zgrada za complexes, intentionally designed for second home users. odmor i rekreaciju. U ovom se radu analizira prostorni This paper analyses spatial development of registered razvoj registriranih vikendica u slovenskoj općini Bovec, second homes in the municipality of Bovec, Slovenia, pridonoseći tako razumijevanju specifičnosti toga thus contributing to understanding the specifics of this fenomena u širem alpskom području, ali i u drugim phenomenon in the wider Alpine region, as well as in other planinskim regijama. Autori proučavaju odabrana mountainous regions. The authors examine the selected obilježja stambenoga fonda vikendica u općini (lokaciju, characteristics of the municipal second home housing vrijeme izgradnje, intenzitet fenomena vikendaštva) i stock (location, age, intensity of the phenomenon) and prezentiraju podatke pomoću detaljnih kartografskih present the data in detailed cartographic representations. prikaza. Analizirani podaci dobiveni su iz statističkih The analysed data were obtained from the statistical popisa stanovništva i Katastra nekretnina iz Geodetske censuses and the Real Estate Registry of the Surveying uprave Republike Slovenije. and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia. Key words: second homes, mountain areas, spatial Ključne riječi: vikendice, planinska područja, prostorni development, Municipality of Bovec, the Alps, Slovenia razvoj, općina Bovec, Alpe, Slovenija 61 HRVATSKI GEOGRAFSKI GLASNIK Introduction Uvod 81/1, 61−81 (2019.) The Alps are the most extensive and the highest Alpe su najprostraniji i najviši planinski sustav mountain range system that lies entirely within Eu- koji se u potpunosti nalazi u Europi i proteže u rope, stretching across 1,200 km through eight coun- dužini većoj od 1200 km kroz osam država (Au- tries (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, strija, Francuska, Njemačka, Italija, Lihtenštajn, Monaco, Slovenia, and Switzerland). Because of rich Monako, Slovenija i Švicarska). Alpe su izložene natural resources, importance of transport corridors, brojnim okolišnim i prostornim pritiscima zbog and exceptional tourism potential, the Alps are ex- bogatih prirodnih resursa, važnosti prometnih ko- posed to a number of environmental and spatial ridora i iznimnih turističkih potencijala. Okolišni pressures. Environmental conditions are additionally uvjeti dodatno su pogoršani ekstremno dinamič- aggravated by the extremely dynamic terrain, which kim terenom koji ograničava aktivnosti i naselja- limits activities and settlement in specific areas. Spa- vanje u određenim područjima. Prostorni je razvoj tial development is thus torn between the interests tako rastrgan između interesa lokalnoga stanov- of the local population, the business community, ništva, poslovne zajednice, stručnjaka za promet, transport experts, tourism providers, environmental pružatelja turističkih usluga, osoba koje se zalažu protectionists, and others that seek opportunities in za zaštitu okoliša i drugih koji u tom privlačnom this attractive mountainous environment (Nared et planinskom okruženju traže svoju priliku (Nared al., 2015). i dr., 2015). Demographic and economic changes in the 20th Demografske i gospodarske promjene u 20. century significantly influenced the spatial devel- stoljeću značajno su utjecale na prostorni razvoj opment of many mountain areas in the developed mnogih planinskih područja u razvijenom svijetu i world and stimulated the construction of second potaknule izgradnju vikendica. U ovom kontekstu homes. In addition to the Alpine region, Scandina- na području Europe uz regiju Alpa valja spome- via must be mentioned within the European area. nuti i Skandinaviju. Bez obzira na mnoge sličnosti Regardless of the many similarities between the two između tih dvaju područja, koja uključuju neke areas, which comprise some of the most economical- od gospodarski najrazvijenijih zemalja svijeta, ja- ly developed countries in the world, some differenc- sno su vidljive određene razlike u procesu razvoja es in the process of development of second homes vikendaštva. Pojava vikendaštva u planinskim i are clearly evident. The occurrence of second homes ruralnim područjima Skandinavije prisutna je već in the mountainous and rural areas of Scandinavia nekoliko stoljeća. Nigdje drugdje u svijetu viken- goes back several centuries. Nowhere in the world dice nisu toliko raširena pojava kao u Skandinaviji are second homes as widespread as in Scandinavia— – danas su one prepoznatljiv i neodvojiv dio skan- today they are a recognisable and inseparable part dinavske kulture i kulturnoga pejzaža. Općenito je of the Scandinavian culture and cultural landscape. u alpskoj regiji teško pronaći tako dugu tradiciju In the Alpine region it is generally difficult to find vikendaštva (premda u nekim turističkim desti- such a long tradition of second homes (although nacijama s dugom tradicijom vikendice starije od holiday dwellings that are over 150 years old are not 150 godina nisu rijetkost) iako su one nesumnji- uncommon in some established tourism areas), but vo odigrale važnu ulogu u prostornom razvoju they undoubtedly have played a prominent role in područja, osobito posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća the spatial development of the area, particularly over (Hall i dr., 2008; Flognfeldt i Tjørve, 2013; Son- the last few decades (Hall et al., 2008; Flognfeldt dereger i Bätzing, 2013). and Tjørve, 2013; Sonderegger and Bätzing, 2013). U Sloveniji, gdje je izgradnja vikendica vrhunac In Slovenia, where the construction of second dostigla 1980-ih, koncentracijom takvih objeka- homes reached its peak in the 1980s, the concentra- ta ističu se poznate turističke destinacije. Prema tion of such dwellings is high in established tourism podacima dobivenima od Statističkoga ureda destinations. According to the data obtained from Republike Slovenije (u daljnjem tekstu: SORS) 62 M. Koderman M. Pavlič the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia i Geodetske uprave Republike Slovenije (u dalj- (hereinafter: SORS) and the Surveying and Map- njem tekstu: SMARS) planinska regija Julijskih Second homes in the Slovenian ping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia (here- Alpa u sjeverozapadnom dijelu države zabilježila Alps with special inafter: SMARS), the mountain region of the Julian je najveći udio vikendica u općinskom stambenom emphasis on the Alps in the north-western part of the country re- fondu, kao što je prikazano na sl. 1. Prema udje- Municipality of Bovec corded the highest share of second homes in the mu- lu vikendica u stambenom fondu 2011. godine nicipal housing stock, as shown in Fig. 1. Here, three istakle su se tri općine: Bohinj (26,5 %), Kranjska Vikendice u municipalities stood out in 2011: Bohinj (26.5%); Gora (24,5 %) i Bovec (23,5 %) (SORS, 2011a). slovenskim Kranjska Gora (24.5%); and Bovec (23.5%) (SORS, Broj vikendica u ovoj se regiji zamjetno povećao Alpama s posebnim naglaskom na 2011a). The number of second homes in this region u drugoj polovici 20. stoljeća (Koderman i Sal- općinu Bovec noticeably increased in the second half of the 20th mič, 2013; Salmič i Koderman, 2013; Koderman, century (Koderman and Salmič 2013; Salmič and 2017) usporedno s porastom turističkih i rekrea- Koderman, 2013; Koderman, 2017), parallel to the cijskih aktivnosti. rise of tourist and recreational activities. Nakon reorganizacije lokalne uprave 1995. After the reorganisation of the local government, godine osnovana je općina Bovec izdvajanjem iz the municipality of Bovec was founded in 1995, nekadašnje općine Tolmin. Općina Bovec površi- when it seceded from the former municipality of nom je četvrta najveća slovenska općina, a 79 % Tolmin. The municipality of Bovec is the fourth larg- njezine površine nalazi se u sklopu Nacionalnoga est Slovenian municipality and as much as 79% of parka Triglav (dalje u tekstu: NPT) (Pravilnik o its surface lies in Triglav National Park (hereinafter: prostornom uređenju općine Bovec, 2008). U op- TNP) (Ordinance on the Municipal Spatial Plan of ćini Bovec 2011. godine registrirana su 632 objek- Fig. 1 Location of the municipality of Bovec and shares of second homes in the housing stock of Slovenian municipalities in 2011 Sl. 1. Položaj općine Bovec i udio vikendica u stambenom fondu slovenskih općina 2011. godine 63 HRVATSKI GEOGRAFSKI GLASNIK Bovec, 2008). With 632 buildings (out of 2,692) cat- ta za odmor i rekreaciju (od ukupno 2692 objekta 81/1, 61−81 (2019.) egorised as second homes, the municipality
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