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Article History Keywords Monacha Cartusiana, Succinea Putris, Food

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Article History Keywords Monacha Cartusiana, Succinea Putris, Food Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2020), 3 (1): 179 - 195 Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute www.ejppri.eg.net Ecobiological studies on two land snail species at Sharkia Governorate Mohamed, H. E. Lokma and El-Bakhshawngi, M. I. A. Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. ARTICLE INFO Abstract: Article History The present experiment was aimed to through light Received: 28/ 1 / 2020 on some environmental parameters on two land snails, the Accepted: 27/ 2 /2020 glassy clover snail Monacha cartusiana (Müller) Keywords (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae) and the amber snail Succinea Monacha cartusiana, putris L. (Gastropoda: Succineidae). The laboratory Succinea putris, food experiments showed that daily food consumption of different consumption, aestivation shell height of S. putris snail arranged as follow: 13.20 mg and size frequency. by snails with shell height (8-10mm) < 13.33mg (6-8mm) < 15.34 mg (12-14mm) < 15.45mg (10-12mm) < 16.35mg (14- 16mm). The favorite places of aestivation in four different directions site for M. cartusiana during year were: Western (231.8) snail > Southern (197.5) > Northern (134) > Eastern (131.8). While, the favorite places of rest for S. putris could be arranged as follows: South (207) snails > East (152.2) > North (136.2) > West (100.9) and it was not entered in aestivation. On the other hand, the size frequency of S. putris snails with shell height of 5-6, 7-8 and 9-10 mm and with shell width 3-4 and 4-5 mm were detected during all months from January to August 2016, while the size frequency of M. cartusiana snails with shell height 6-7 and 7-8 mm and with shell width 11-12 and 13-14mm were observed during February to August 2016. Introduction Terrestrial gastropods are most the amber snail Succinea putris L. serious pests attacking agricultural crops (Gastropoda: Succineidae) are around the world. They cause damage to considered, the most abundant mollusks field, vegetable crops and fruit trees, and infesting and causing damage to the ornamental plants (Godan, 1983). Egyptian clover fields and some filed Succineidae are distributed almost crops especially in Sharkia and Ismailia everywhere in the world (Kerney and Governorates (Ismail, 1997 and Lokma, Cameron, 1979). In Egypt, the glassy 2013). Abdel-Aal (2001) showed that the clover snail Monacha cartusiana one adult snail of M. cartusiana ate from (Müller) (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae) and 179 Lokma and El-Bakhshawngi, 2020 9.8 to 47.85 mg for 24 hours depending Materials and methods on the host plant. 1. Laboratory experiment: Snails aestivate during the hot summer Laboratory experiment was and hibernate during the cold winter carried out to estimate daily food (Kassab and Daoud, 1964). Block (1971) consumption by S. putris snails. indicated that in the dry summer monthly 1.1. Daily food consumption of different many snails enter a period of suspended shell height for Succinea putris: activity called aestivation, they remain S. putris snails with different shell firmly attached by hardened mucus to the height were collected from highly bark of trees, to leaves, twigs and infested field cultivated with Egyptian branches, often 2 to 4 m above the clover, located on El- Qurana village, ground with the body with drawn into the Abo-Hammad district, Sharkia shell. The succineidae snails were able to Governorate during April, 2016. Snails persist through dry periods in an were transferred to laboratory in cloth aestivating state (Patterson, 1973). The bags contained Egyptian clover leaves. degrees of temperature and the Once on laboratory, snails were put on percentages of relative humidity are the rearing box 50×30×30 cm containing factors inducing aestivation in Achatina moister clay soil up to 7cm depth and fulica (Férussac) (Gastropoda: supplied daily with cabbage leaves till 15 Achatinidae) of course, just at the onset days for acclimatization. Snails were of aestivation (Saydeedur Rahman and divided into five groups according to Raut, 2010). Helicella vestalis (Pfiffer) shell height (6-8), (8-10), (10-12), (12- (Gastropoda: Helicidae) and M. 14) and (14-16) mm. Five individuals cartusiana were observed aestivate in from each group were put on plastic box lower portion in the trunk of navel orange without soil and covered with muslin trees, under weeds on bits of irrigation clothes, each group were replicated four canals, on weeds in orchards, on lower times. All snails group were starved for portion in border of the orchard (Mahrous 24 hours prior to testing then two et al., 2002).The terrestrial gastropods do cabbage leaves discs were introduced to not inhabit and cool environments but each box. The discs were weighted using also habitat in which hot and dry digital balance with accuracy 0.001 g conditions prevail. Snail species that can before and after testing and compared cope with such climatic conditions are with control treatment without snails. thus expected to have developed multi- Food consumption for each snail with faceted strategies and mechanisms to different shell heights was calculated ensure their survival and reproduction daily to a period of five days (Baur, under heat and drought stress (Schweizer 1993). et al., 2019). 2. Field experiments: The aim of this study was to 2.1. Study area: determining daily food consumption of S. The experiments were carried putris under laboratory conditions and out at El- Qurana village (31.71°N, estimated some environmental 30.51°E), Abo-Hammad district, parameters (the favorite direction to Sharkia Governorate. Study area aestivation and size frequency) for M. occupies about 2 feddan cultivated with cartusiana and S. putris snails under field Egyptian clover during winter season condition. and rice during summer season (Figure, 1). 180 Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2020), 3 (1): 179- 195 Adjacent fields Small irrigation canal N Small drainage Adjacent fields Field study cultivated with Egyptian clover Small irrigation canal during winter season and rice during planted with vegetablesField summer season Some palm trees Paved road Bermuda grass (Cynodon daclylon L.) grows on the all borders of the study field. Figure (1): The field study and its borders. 2.2. Observation of aestivation for were detected in aestivated places in each Monacha cartusiana and Succinea sample. M. cartusiana snail were counted putris snails: as adult and Juvenile stages and number (different size) of large, medium and This trial were carried out in field small size of S. putris (Lokma, 2013). cultivated with Egyptian clover in the winter and rice in the summer and 2.3. Size frequency distribution for infested with glassy clover snail, M. Monacha cartusiana and Succinea cartusiana and the amber snail, S. putris putris: snail at El-Qurana village at Abou- Hammad district, Sharkia Governorate, This experiment carried out to during January to December 2016. Five estimate different shell growth of M. replicates (50×50 cm) were chosen to cartusiana and S. putris snails in the each four direction North, South, East active and aestivation months. Snails and West at different directions in the active and aestivation months. Selected of were collected from the above-mentioned bermuda grass (Cynodon daclylon L.) study field. Five quadrates replicates (50 grow on the inner belt of the irrigation X 50 cm) were chosen at four different canal. Number of all aestivated snails directions (North, South, East and West) (active and epiphragmed) in each in aestivation location at the edge of field. quadrate sample was counted biweekly Snails which found in the quadrates were intervals. Each sample was marked collected monthly and 25 individuals placing sticky label in the border of each quadrant. Moreover, epiphragmed snails were taken randomly in the early morning. The shell width and height of 181 Lokma and El-Bakhshawngi, 2020 each snail was quantified using Vernier (2001) reported that one adult snail of M. caliper with accurate to 0.02 mm during cartusiana ate from 9.8 to 47.85 mg for the period from January to December 24 hours depending on the host plant. 2016 (Staikou and Lazaridou- The highest values were found with Dimitriadou, 1990). lettuce (47.85 mg) followed by guava (40.6 mg), while the lowest values were Results and discussion determined with mango, wheat and Egyptian clover with means of hours 1. Daily food consumption of different depending on the host plant. The highest shell height for Succinea putris under values were found with lettuce (47.85 laboratory conditions: mg) followed by guava (40.6 mg), while the lowest values were determined with Manifestation caused by S. putris mango, wheat and Egyptian clover with snail in field on some vegetable and field means of 9.8, 10, and 10.3 mg, crops are illustrated in (Figure, 2). For respectively. However, cabbage and this reason, the average daily food broad bean showed intermediate values consumption of this snail was estimated. of 36.95 to 21.55 mg, respectively. Daily food consumption by S. putris Lokma (2013) studies the food snails which have different shell height consumption of snail, Monacha was measured under laboratory cartusiana on certain vegetable crops conditions (Table, 1). The highest value under laboratory conditions. The tested of daily food consumption by S. putris material can be arranged descending was 18.99 mg/snail recorded by the according to their suitability as follows: largest shell height (14-16 mm) at the 5th kidney bean 103.66 mg < watermelon days, while the lowest value was 9.45 80.88 mg < strawberry succulent fruit mg/snail recorded by snails which have 74.06 mg < tomato 60.60 mg < shell height (12-14mm) at 3rd days. strawberry leaves 51.85 mg < strawberry General mean of consumed leaves by green dead fruit 38.20 mg. Maduabuchi different shell height were arranged as and Bede (2019) cleared that tested leafy follow: 13.20 mg by snails (8-10 mm) < vegetables can be successfully utilized as 13.33mg (6-8mm) < 15.34 mg )12-14 diets for rearing of Archachatina mm) ˂ 15.45mg (10-12 mm) ˂ 16.35mg marginata (Swainson) (Gastropoda: (14-16mm).
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