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On the Corpus Luteum of the Rabbit

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On the Corpus Luteum of the Rabbit On the Corpus Luteum of the Rabbit. By Ch. Togari. Form the Anatomical Laboratory, Aichi Medical College. 8 Figures (Plate XVIII-XIX). One of the most interesting subjects in studying the ovaries is the changes occuring in the theca interna cells of the Graafian follicle in the time of the development of the corpus luteum after its rupture. As to this point, many divergence of opinions have been published, and still there is no comformity among the authors. Therefore, it is my purpose to investigate more thoroughly on the rabbit on the same question in addition to my previously published paper " On the Origin of the Corpus Luteum of the Mouse." As described in my previous work, the investigators thought that these cells are in different stages of development of the connective tissue cells, and their theories could be summarized as follows :— 1. The theca interna cells of the mature follicle, not maximal differentiated, retain yet their nature of reverting into the original connective tissue cells again, and can form the connective tissue reticul um among the lutein cells with mitotic divisions. This opinion was main- tained am-ong the authors of the granulosa origin theory of the corpus luteum such as, Sobotta in the mouse, the rabbit and the guinea-pig Meyer in man Iok a and Adac hi in the rabbit. Cohn explained that these cells can, furthermore, form the capillary blood vessels. 2. The theca interna cells can never be reverted into the fibroblasts, but invade among the granulosa lutein cells without any changes. This contention is maintained by Solomon and Gat e n by in man, the pig and the duck-billed platypus. 3. When the theca interna cells are multiplied by mitotic divisions after ovulation, and converted into the lutein cells with their gradual hypertrophy, contrary to the granulosa degeneration, then the theca interna origin theory will be asserted. This theory was proved by Buehler in man Clark also Doering in the pig; Jankowski in 338 Ch. Togari, man, the cow, the sheep, the pig and the guinea-pig ; Hegar in man ; Mats u y a m a in the rat ; and H i r o s e in man and the rabbit. 4. Although the theca interna cells can never be reverted into the connective tissue, yet they are utilized as the theca lutein cells to form the corpus luteum together with the granulosa lutein cells. This opinion is entertained by the authors of the double origin theory such as Van der Stricht in the bat ; Ho norê in the rabbit ; Voelker in the Sperm- ophilus citellus ; Loeb in the guinea-pig ; Corner in the sow ; Ts uk a- guchi intherabbit; Rabl, Seitz, Cohn, Marcotty, Schroeder and others in man. 5. The theca interna cells reach their maximal differentiation about the time of rupture and can not be reverted into the fibroblasts during the period of the corpus luteum formation, and they fulfill their function as such to degenerate sooner or later after rupture, suffering the pressure of the neighbouring tissue, and the corpus luteum is derived from the granulosa layer only. My former report on the mouse agrees with this view and a part of the theca interna cells of the human corpus lutem described by Meyer takes the same fate. The prosperity and decay of the granulosa layer during the corpus luteum formation is also the subject of repeated discussion, as theca interna cells mentioned above. The authors who insisted upon the epithelial or double origin theory noticed that the most of the granulosa cells remain after rupture and are converted into lutein cells only by their hypertrophy, as observed by Sobbota in the mouse ; H on orê also Co h n in the rabbit ; and many others in man : or both by their hyper- trophy and hyperplasy as noted by So bo tta in the rabbit and the guinea- pig ; Marshall in the sheep O'Donoghue in the marsupitalia ; Strak- os c h, Wall a r t, Schroeder and others in man. On the contrary, among, the authors who insist upon the theca interna origin theory, some have noticed that the granulosa layer of the follicles before rupture is composed. of a single layer of cells or has totally disappeared ; and others have remar- ked that the majority of it may flow out by rupture with the liquor folliculi, and that the remainder soon degenerates. Moreover, as to the retrogression of the corpus luteum, Sobotta has declared that it degenerates chiefly by the fatty metamorphosis of the lutein cells in the rabbit, contrary to the mouse in which it may exist throughout the whole life never undergoing a change. Rabl als supported the Sobota's views. Contrary to their descriptions, I have remarked that the corpus luteum of the mouse falls into retrogression by the pressure of the abjacent growing corpora lutea or follicles, or by the central cavity On the Corpus Lute= of the Rabbit. 339 formation of the ovary, suffering the majority of the lutein cells in fatty degeneration and a part of them being converted into pigment cells. What may be, then, the fate of the corpus luteum of the rabbit ? Would it form the corpus fibrosum, by further contraction of the remaining connective tissue reticulum, after the disappearance of the entire mass of lutein cells, or the corpus albicans by its further hyaline degeneretion? In order to ascertain these questions, it is necessary to have an intensive investigation in comparative studies on a large variety of animals. And it is of some importance to compare the corpora lutea of the rabbit to those of the mouse. There is a very interesting contrast in the composition of ovaries of the rabbit and the mouse. These two animals belong to the same order but the ovary of the former is mainly composed of interstitial gland cells with some few corpora lutea and follicles whereas the latter is constructed chiefly with corpora lutea and follicles. Since the interstitial gland cells resemble very closely to the lutein cells, to avoid the possible mistake as some seem to have made of one for the other, it is of vital importance to differentiate them clearly by careful studies on their development and retrogression ; although the former is, of couse, derived from the theca interna cells of the atretic follicles. Literature as to the origin of the corpus luteum of the rabbit since Sobotta. The reports as to the origin of the corpus luteum of the rabbit are not of small number, but I want to survey them since Sobotta ; hence, the works before him are described in his copies, and they preserve historical interest only. So bo tta (1897) noticed that the lutein cells of the corpus luteum of the rabbit are derived from the granulosa cells of the mature follicle as the mouse ; the theca interna cells, rich in cytoplasm, penetrate into the lutein layer after they are reverted into the spindle-shaped connective tissue cells, and form the interstitial connective tissue reticulum. Honoré (1899)published the same results as Sobot ta' s on the origin ofthe lutein cells, but as to the fateof the theca interna cells of the Graa- fian follicles, his view was different from Sobob a's, namely, a few of the theca interna cells take part in the formation of the connective tissue reticulum among the granulosa lutein cells through the cell division, the majority of them remaining unchanged 6 to 11 days after copulation, and they are easily distinguished from the granulosa lutein cells. Cohn (1903) persisted also in the granulosa origin theory of the 340 Ch. Togari, corpus luteum, but as to the fate of the theca interna cells his view was quite different from the other authors, that these cells penetrate among the granulosa cells in the process of the corpus luteum formation, and change into the relatively wide capillaries communicated with the blood vessels of the theca interna. Ioka (1917) recognized that the corpus luteum is the epithelial organ, and the theca interna cells are reverted into the connective tissue reticulum among the lutein cells as So bo tt a' s. This process is fulfilled, according to So bot ta within 32 hours after copulation. However, he found a few theca interna cells without any changes even until 7 days after copulation. Bo r ell (1919) distinguished the granulosa cells from the theca interna cells by the vital staining as Iok a did, and proved that the lutein cells come from the former. Contrary to many works cited above, Hiros e (1920)mentioned that the corpus luteum is formed by the theca interna cells by their growth and multiplication as Mat s uy a ma (1919) noticed in the rat, and the majority of the granulosa cells are carried away at the time of ovulation, and after a short while the remainder of the granulosa disappear by degeneration. In the next year, he repeated the theca interna origin theory in the artificial corpus luteum of the rabbit produced by his method of injecting the human placental emulsion. At the thirtieth session of the Japanese Association of Anatomist at K- yoto Imperial University, Ts uk aguc hi (1922) interprets his preparations to indicate quite clearly that the lutein granules of the corpus luteum are derived from the plastosomes, and the granulosa lutein cells are distin- guished from the theca lutein cells cytologically. At the next session at the Tokyo Imperial University, he (1923) explained also with his prepara- tions that the lutein granules, corresponding to the secretory granules of the gland, are converted into colourless, transparent substance, and then absorbed as secretions.
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