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Improvement of the Marketability of Cotton Produced in Zones Affected by Stickiness

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Improvement of the Marketability of Cotton Produced in Zones Affected by Stickiness COMMON FUND FOR COMMODITIES Technical Paper No. 17 Improvement of the Marketability of Cotton Produced in Zones Affected by Stickiness Final Report of the Project CFC / ICAC / 11 COMMON FUND FOR COMMODITIES Technical Paper n° 17 Improvement of the Marketability of Cotton Produced in Zones Affected by Stickiness Final report of the Project CFC / ICAC / 11 GOURLOT J.-P., FRYDRYCH R., Scientific Editors Project funded by the Common Fund for Commodities And sponsored by the International Cotton Advisory Committee FUNDING AGENCY Common Fund for Commodities Stadhouderskade 55 1072 AB Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel: ++31 20 575 4949 Fax: ++ 31 20676 0231 Web site: www.common-fund.org SPONSORING ORGANIZATION International Cotton Advisory Committee 1629 K Street NW, Suite 702 Washington , DC 20006 USA Tel: ++1 202 463 66 60 Fax: ++ 1 202 463 69 50 Web site: www.icac.org This report has been prepared by the project. The views expressed are not necessarily shared by the Common Fund for Commodities and/or the International Cotton Advisory Committee. The designation employed and the representation of material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) or the International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delineation of its frontier or boundaries. The contents of this report are not to be reproduced, stored in a data retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the Common Fund for Commodities; except that reasonable extracts may be made for purposes of non commercial use provided the Common Fund for Commodities and International Cotton Advisory Committee are acknowledged. Book reference: GOURLOT J.-P., FRYDRYCH R., Scientific Editors, 2001. Improvement of the Marketability of Cotton Produced in Zones Affected by Stickiness. CFC Technical Paper No 17. Montpellier, France, Cirad, CFC - Technical Papers. Edition: GOURLOT J.-P. Edition of external pages: Dist, Service des éditions, Cirad. Impression: Cirad. Cover picture: Bruno Bachelier: Opened cotton boll. Produced by Cirad, France. © Common Fund for Commodities, 2001. PARTICIPATING BODIES IN THE PROJECT The Sudan Cotton Company Limited P.O. box 1672 Khartoum Sudan Tel: ++249 11 77 60 53 Fax: ++ 249 11 77 07 03 Email: [email protected] Cirad-ca Cotton Technology Laboratory TA 70/16 34398 Montpellier Cedex 05 France Tel: ++33 467 61 58 00 Fax: ++33 467 61 56 67 Web site: www.cirad.fr The Agricultural Research Corporation GEZIRA RESEARCH STATION COTTON RESEARCH PROGRAM Wed Medani Sudan Tel: ++249 511 43215 Fax: ++249 511 43213 Email: [email protected] Institut Français du Textile et de l’Habillement (IFTH) 2 rue de la recherche 59656 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex France Tel: ++33 3 20 19 74 00 Fax: ++ 33 3 20 47 47 16 Web site: www.itf.fr For any technical information concerning this report, please contact Sudan Cotton Company and/or Cirad. Foreword The cotton sector is of major economic and social importance to many developing countries. It provides employment, income and export earnings. As a natural product, cotton is subject to the uncertainties inherent in agricultural production. While chemicals are being applied to contain pests to a certain extent, there is no all-effective protection. The project concentrated on how best to deal with a specific problem, namely stickiness in cotton caused by the sugary excretions of aphids and whiteflies (Aphis gossypii and Bemisia tabaci). Stickiness affects about one-fourth of all cotton production. Research is being undertaken on how best to protect cotton against stickiness when in the field (e.g. in the framework of a completed CFC-financed project, entitled Integrated Pest Management for Cotton with a focus on Whitefly and Aphids). Less work has been done on what use can still be made of cotton which is affected by stickiness. As stickiness disrupts the modem, high-speed spinning processes, cotton producers are faced with severe price discounts when selling cotton that originates from an area which is suspected to be contaminated. As stickiness is difficult to identify by visual inspection, price discounts are applied indiscriminately, thus also affecting clean cotton produced in an affected area. The current project specifically aimed at developing reliable methods to determine the level of stickiness in cotton bales and to establish, under factory conditions, different thresholds for spinning cotton with different levels of stickiness. An economic evaluation of the process of "grading" stickiness in cotton bales for use in day-to-day operations of a cotton trading company was included in its design. The project started in 1997 and has been implemented under the overall responsibility of the Sudan Cotton Company Ltd, working in very close collaboration with the Cotton Technology Laboratory of the Centre de cooperation internationale en recherche agronomique pour le developpement (CIRAD). Technical supervision and guidance was provided by the International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC). This Technical Paper is a reflection of the results obtained during the project. It is being published, in line with the Fund's practice, in order to share the experiences gained in this project with other Common Fund Member Countries that have an interest in this matter. It is the hope of the Common Fund for Commodities that this publication will be of practical use to parties in both the Government as well as the private sector, who are active in the field of cotton production and trade. Dr. Rolf W. Boehnke Managing Director Common Fund for Commodities Page 7 Page 8 CONTENTS Foreword.............................................................................................................................................7 Acknowledgements...........................................................................................................................11 Executive summary...........................................................................................................................13 Chapter 1. Introduction...................................................................................................................15 1.1. Project Rationale and Objectives ...................................................................................................15 1.2. Consistency with the ICAC Strategy for Cotton Development........................................................16 1.3. Description of Project Components................................................................................................16 Chapter 2. Component A: Testing and evaluation of methods for establishing the degree of stickiness in cotton............................................................................................................................17 2.1. Equipments used in this project to measure stickiness ...................................................................20 2.1.1. Stickiness Cotton Thermodetector SCT......................................................................................................20 2.1.2. High Speed Stickiness Detector..................................................................................................................21 2.1.3. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)..................................................................................21 2.1.4. Standardization procedure for sampling .....................................................................................................22 2.2. Discussion – Conclusion.................................................................................................................22 2.3. Experiment on 5% of Sudanese production using the SCT.............................................................23 2.3.1. Objective.....................................................................................................................................................23 2.3.2. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................23 2.3.3. Materials and methods................................................................................................................................23 2.3.4. Results and discussion ................................................................................................................................23 2.3.5. Conclusion..................................................................................................................................................24 2.4. Testing and evaluation of methods for establishing the degree of stickiness in cottons. Stickiness sampling methods in cotton bales: Application to the commercial classification of Sudanese cotton production using SCT ..................................................................................................................................26 2.4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................26 2.4.2. Materials and methods................................................................................................................................26 2.4.3. Results ........................................................................................................................................................28
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