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ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ۷۴، ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ۱۳۸۶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻮﺭﺍﺩ ﻡ ﻭ ﺁﺑﺰﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ۷۴، ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ۱۳۸۶ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﺳﻴﺎﻩﺩ ﺭﻭﻳﺸﺎﻥ (ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺗﺎﻻﺏ ﺍﻧﺰﻟﻲ) • ﻛﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻲ، ﻋﻠﻴﻨﻘﻲ ﺳﺮﭘﻨﺎﻩ ﻭ • ﺳﺎﺭﻳﻪﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ، ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ، ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺁﺑﺰﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺁﺏﻫﺎﻱﺩ ﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ، ﺑﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﻧﺰﻟﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦﺩ ﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ: ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ ۱۳۸۲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ: ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺎﻩ ۱۳۸۴ emeail: [email protected] ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻩﺩﺭﻭﻳﺸـﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻱ ﺗﺎﻻﺏ ﺍﻧﺰﻟﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺮ ﺳـﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺫﺧﺎﻳـﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴـﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺍﻳﻔﺎﺀ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ . ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪ ﻑ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﻜﺎﻧـﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺩ ﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺩ ﺭﻳﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺳـﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ۱۳۷۷ ﺗﺎ ۱۳۷۹ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ۸ ﺍﻳﺴـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﺩ ﺳـﺖ (ﺗﻮﻟﻢ ﺷـﻬﺮ) ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ۲۰ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩ ﺳـﺖ (ﻻﻛﺴﺎﺭ) ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ، ﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﺮﺗﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺩ ﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ۳۰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﺯﺩ ﻩ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺩ ﻫﺎﻥﮔﺮﺩ ﻣﺎﻫﻴـﺎﻥ(Petromyzontidae)، ﺗﺎﺱﻣﺎﻫﻴـﺎﻥ (Acipenseridae)، ﺷـﮓﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ (Clupeidae)، ﻛﭙﻮﺭﻣﺎﻫﻴـﺎﻥ (Cyprinidae)، ﺭﻓﺘﮕﺮﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ (Cobitidae)، ﺍﺳـﺒﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴـﺎﻥ (Siluridae)، ﺍﺭﺩﻛﻤﺎﻫﻴـﺎﻥ (Esocidae)، ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻣﺎﻫﻴـﺎﻥ (Salmonidae)، ﮔﺎﻣﺒﻮﺯﻳﺎﻣﺎﻫﻴـﺎﻥ (Poeciliidae)، ﺳـﻮﻓﻤﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ (Percidae) ﻭ ﮔﺎﻭﻣﺎﻫﻴـﺎﻥ (Gobiidae) ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩ ﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﭙﻮﺭﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ۲۰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ (۹/۹۵ ﺩ ﺭﺻﺪ) ﺭﺍ ﺩ ﺍﺭﺍ ﺑـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩ ﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻨﺪ . ﺳـﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ (Capoeta capoeta gracilis) ﺩ ﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣـﻲ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺴـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ۱، ۳، ۴ ﻭ ۶ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺣﻮﺽ (Carassius auratus gibelio) ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺴـﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ۲، ۵، ۷ ﻭ ۸ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩ ﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ، ﺳـﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ، ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺣﻮﺽ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻩﻛﻮﻟﻲ (Chalcalburnus chalcoides) ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ۳۶,۶۱، ۲۶,۱۷ ﻭ ۹,۹۴ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩ ﺭ ﻃﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩ ﺍﺷـﺘﻨﺪ. ﺍﻳﺴـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳـﺖ (۱) ﺑﺎ ۱۳ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺴـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩ ﺳﺖ (۸) ﺑﺎ ۲۷ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺩ ﺍﺩ ﻧﺪ. ﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﺩ ۷ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺧﻴﺎﻃﻪ (Alburnoides bipunctatus)، ﺳـﺲ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺳـﺮﮔﻨﺪ ﻩ (Barbus capito)، ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺳـﻔﻴﺪ ﺩ ﺭﻳﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺭ (Rutilus frisii kutum)ﻭﺳﻴﺎﻩﻛﻮﻟﻲ(Vimba vimba persa) ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﺴـﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ.ﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﺩ ۹ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺰﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﻭﺩﻛﻮﭺ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ (Anadromous)ﻭ ۱۹ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﺟـﺰﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺷـﻴﺮﻳﻦ (ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ) ﻭ ﺩ ﻭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺩ ﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺩ ﻭ ﻓـﺮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ۷ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻫﻴـﺎﻥ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ (Alein) ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻳﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺸـﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲﺩ ﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﻪﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ. ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻱ: ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ، ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ، ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ،ﺭﻭﺩ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﻭﻳﺸﺎﻥ، ﺗﺎﻻﺏ ﺍﻧﺰﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ۲۷ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺩ ﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺁﺑﺰﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ... Pajouhesh & Sazandegi No 74 pp: 27-39 Identification and distribution of fish fauna in Siahdarvishan river (Anzali Wetland basin) By: K. Abbasi, S. Moraadkha, and A. Sarpanah, Ecology Dept, National Inland Water Aquaculture Institute, Bandar Anzali, Iran. The Siahdarvishan river is one of the important rivers entering to Anzali Lagoon and it has an important role in restoration of Caspian Sea migratory fishes annually. Main purposes of the study were: Determination of fish diversity, spatial and temporal distribution and present role of the river in restoration of migratory fishes. Studied fishes have been sampled in 8 stations from Upstream (Toolamshahr) as far as 20 km to downstream (Lakesaar) from winter 1998 until fall 2000. Electroschoker, cast net and beach seine were used to catch them. Results showed that 30 species and subspecies fish belonging to 11 families: Lampreys (Petromyzontidae), Sturgeons (Acipenseridae), Shads (Clupeidae), minnows (Cyprinidae), catfish (Siluridae), loaches (Cobitidae), pikes (Esocidae), salmon (Salmonidae), Mosquito fishes (Poeciliidae), Perches (Percidae) and gobies (Gobiidae) exist in the river so that Cyprinidae with 20 species and maximum abundance (95.9%) is prevalent and others had one represent. Capoeta capoeta gracilis was prevalent in total seasons and in stations 1, 3, 4 and 6, too and Carassius auratus gibelio in stations 2, 5, 7 and 8. In addition, C. capoeta gracilis, C. auratus gibelio and Chalcalburnus chalcoides with abundance 36.61, 26.17 and 9.94 % of total number of caught fishes in the study were respectively abundant. In the study was observed the least diversity (13 species) in upstream station (S 1) and the most diversity (27 species) in downstream station (S 8). The mentioned species with Alburnoides bipunctatus, Barbus capito, Rutilus frisii kutum and Vimba vimba persa were observed in total stations. Among identified fish species in the study, were 9 species belong to migratory (anadromous), 19 species belong to freshwater resident and 2 species had both forms. 7 species were identified as alien or exotic which some of them had high dispersion and high abundance and therefore they are dangerous for native fish species and migratory fishes restoration. Keywords: Fish, Abundance, Distribution, Siahdarvishan river, Anzali wetland. ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺩ ﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺑﺰﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ (۲۰). ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﻩﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥﺩ ﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥﺣﺪ ﻭﺩ ﺑــﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻭﺳــﻌﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻳــﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻣﺘﻨــﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻓــﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ۲۸۹۰۰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪﺣﺪ ﻭﺩ ۱۱۵۰۰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ (ﭼﺸــﻤﻪﻫﺎ، ﻧﻬﺮﻫﺎ، ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫــﺎ، ﺗﺎﻻﺑﻬﺎ،ﺩﺭﻳﺎﭼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌــﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ، ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺷــﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴــﺖﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ (۳۸، ۴۳، ۴۴). ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻠﻴﺠﻬــﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ)، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻫﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻮﻡﺳــﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ، ﺑﻮﻡ ﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ، ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﮔﺮﻓﺘــﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺟﺴــﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩ ﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘــﻲ، ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺑــﻲ، ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻭ ﭘــﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﻣﺤﺪ ﻭﺩ ﻱ (۲، ۳، ۱۵، ۱۷، ۲۴، ۲۶، ۲۷، ۲۸، ۲۹، ۳۳، ۳۴، ۳۵، ۳۶، ۴۷) ﺍﻫﻤﻴــﺖ ﺑــﻮﺩ ﻩ (۴۱) ﻭﺩ ﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷــﻴﻼﺗﻲﺁﺏ ﻫﺎ، ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ، ﻛﻪ ﻫﺪ ﻑ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺑــﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕﻣﻲ ﮔﻴــﺮﺩ (۲۵)، ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗــﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳــﺮﺍﻥ ﺑــﻮﺩ ﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺁﺑﺮﻳﺰ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻬﺮﺳــﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﻡﺳــﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﺤﺴــﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ. ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ، ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻲ ﺍﻧﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻫﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﺮﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ۱۵۰ ﺯﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳــﺎﻝ ﺩﺍ ﺷﺘﻪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺩ ﺭﻳﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ۱۷۷۷ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ ﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺁﺑﻲ، ﺳــﺒﺐ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺳــﺎﺯﻱ ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺷﺪ ﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳــﺘﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺷــﺮﻭﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ (۱). ﺑﺎﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﺎﺳﻒ (ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻱ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻱ) ﺑﻪﺩ ﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺷــﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴــﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻫﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩﻭ ﺑﺪ ﻭﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺵﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱﻓﺰﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﻴﺴــﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ، ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳــﻚ ﻭ ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊﻣﺤﺪ ﻭﺩ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ، ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﺒﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳــﮋﻩ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻔﺮﺩ ، ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺧﻄــﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺑﺰﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻧﺪ ﮔﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱﺷﺪ ﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴــﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣــﺪ ﻭﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻮﻟــﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻫﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲﺩ ﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺩ ﺭﺳــﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻧﺴــﺒﺘﴼ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ ﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺩ ﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺁﺑﺰﻳﺎﻥ ۲۸ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ۷۴، ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ۱۳۸۶ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺷــﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﻼﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺩ ﺭﻳﺎ، ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬــﻢ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻻﺑﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻲ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ۴۹۷۱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺻﻴﺪ ﺷــﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻩﺍﻧﺪ. ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺗﺎﻻﺏ ﺍﻧﺰﻟﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ Holcik (۴۰)، ﺯﻳﺴﺖﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺨﺖﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ۳۰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﺮﻳﻤﭙﻮﺭ (۱۷) ﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺳــﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ (۹) ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩ ﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ۲۹ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ۱۱ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩﮔﺮﺩ ﻳﺪ (ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ۱، ﺷــﻜﻞ ۲). ﺍﺯﺭﺩ ﻩ ﻣﺎﺭﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻩﺩ ﺭﻭﻳﺸــﺎﻥ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺳــﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺷــﺪ ﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩ ﻫﺎﻥﮔﺮﺩ (Cephalaspidomorphii) ﺧﺎﻧــﻮﺍﺩﻩ Petromyzontidae ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺸــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥﺩ ﺭﻳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻮﭺ (Anadromous) ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯﺭﺩ ﻩ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﮕﺎﻥ (Actinopterygii) ﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ۱۰ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩ ﻩ ﺩﺭﻳــﺎﻱ ﺧــﺰﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺨﻢﺭﻳــﺰﻱ ﻫﺮﺳــﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺷــﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺠﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ۲۹ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻳﻲ ﺷــﺪ ﻛﻪﺩ ﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﭙﻮﺭﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫــﺎﻱ ﺗــﺎﻻﺏ ﺍﻧﺰﻟﻲ ﺷــﺪ ﻩ (۱۶، ۲۲) ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ۱۹ ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ (۵۲/۶۵ﺩ ﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ) ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﺎﻳﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩ ﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻱ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭﺩ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ،ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺷــﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻮﻉﺯﻧﺪ ﮔﻴﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺩ ﻭﺩ ﺳﺘﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ، ﻟﺬﺍﻧﮕﺎﺭﻧﺪ ﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ .ﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ (ﺟﺪ ﻭﻝ ۱). ﺭﻭﺩ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﺳﻴﺎﻩﺩ ﺭﻭﻳﺸــﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺎﻻﺏ ﺍﻧﺰﻟﻲ ﺑــﻮﺩﻩ (ﺷﻜﻞ ۱) ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺸــﺘﺮﻭﺧﺎﻥ،،ﺷﻮﻫﺮﻭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮﺁﻻﺕ،ﺣﻴﺪ ﺭﺁﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥﺭﻭﺩ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ (ﺭﻭﺩﺯﻱ) ﻗﻠﻌﻪ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻥ،ﻧﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺁﻥ ۵/۲۹۰، ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ، ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩ ﺭﺍﻳــﻦﺩﺳــﺘﻪ ۲۱ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫــﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖﺑــﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩ ﻩﻫــﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﺮﺍﻫﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ /۴۵ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ، ﺷــﻴﺐ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ۲/۳ﺩ ﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺩ ﺑﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﻛﭙﻮﺭﻣﺎﻫﻴــﺎﻥ (Cyprinidae)، ﺭﻓﺘﮕﺮﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ(Cobitidae)،ﺍﺳــﺒﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴــﺎﻥ ۳۷/۶ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺩ ﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻢ ﺷﻬﺮ ۳۷ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻭ Siluridae) ۱۶)، ﺍﺭﺩﻙ ﻣﺎﻫﻴــﺎﻥ (Esocidae)، ﮔﺎﻣﺒﻮﺯﻳﺎﻣﺎﻫﻴــﺎﻥ (Poeciliidae)، ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ۴۹ﺩ ﺭﺟﻪ ﻭ ۲۱ﺩ ﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ (۱۸). ﺳــﻮﻑ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ(Percidae) ﻭ ﮔﺎﻭﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ (Gobiidae) ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩ ﻩ ﻛﭙﻮﺭﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ۱۵ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (۴۳/۷۱ﺩ ﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ) ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻧﺨﺴــﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩ .ﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ (Capoeta capoeta gracilis)، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻮﻡ ﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺷــﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺴــﺘﺮ، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﻧــﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﺩ ﺳﺘﺮﺳــﻲ ﺑﻪﺍﻳﺴــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻳﻲﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ، ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ۸ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ (ﺷﻜﻞ ۱) ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﺴــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ۱ﺩ ﺭﻧﺰﺩ ﻳﻚﺑﺎﻻﺩ ﺳــﺖ (ﺟﻨﺐ ﺗﻮﻟﻢ ﺷﻬﺮ) ﻭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ۸ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻼﻗﻲ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻻﺏ ﺍﻧﺰﻟﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.