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L GUARDIANK FREE guide to an area of outstanding natural beauty 2013 GET AROUND Discover and enjoy Coasthopper offers, competitions and walks

CONNECT Help NWT appeal to join marshes

ENJOY Events, Recipes, Art MARINE MARVELS SEALIFE SPECIAL 2 A SPECIAL PLACE NORFOLK COAST GUARDIAN 2013

NORFOLKNOR COAST THE NORFOLK COAST PPARTNERSART PARTNERSHIP NaturalNat South Wing at Fire Station, NorfolkNo County Council Road, Fakenham, Norfolk NR21 8BB T: 01328 850530 NorthNo Norfolk District Council E: offi[email protected] BorouBorough Council of King’s Lynn W: www.norfolkcoastaonb.org.uk & West Norfolk Manager: Tim Venes Great Yarmouth Borough Council Policy and partnership officer: Estelle Hook Broads Authority Communications officer: Lucy Galvin Environment Agency Community and external funding English Heritage officers: Kate Dougan & Grant Rundle Business support assistant: Steve Tutt Funding Partners National Trust DEFRA; Norfolk County Council; RSPB District Council; Country Land & Business Association Borough Council of King’s Lynn & West Norfolk National Farmers Union and Great Yarmouth Borough Council Community Representatives AONB Common Rights Holders The Norfolk Coast Guardian is published by Countrywide Publications on behalf of the Norfolk Wells Harbour Commissioners Coast Partnership. Editor: Lucy Galvin. Designed and produced by: Countrywide Publications The Wash and North Norfolk Coast T: 01502 725870. Printed by Iliffe Print on sustainable newsprint. European Marine Site Management Always stay safe by the sea. Look out for our Coastguard safety tips Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information in this publication. However, the publishers can accept no Scheme responsibility for any effects arising there from. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of throughout this year’s Guardian the Norfolk Coast Partnership member organisations. All material copyright Norfolk Coast Partnership 2013. NCP 03/13 – 60K Peddars Way and Norfolk Coast Articles available in large print: please contact Path National Trail 01328 850530 or via website www.norfolkcoastaonb.org.uk NORFOLK COAST GUARDIAN 2013 A SPECIAL PLACE 3

2001 2006 The Coasthopper gets a full page advert and New Sustainable Development Fund for the competition coast launches 2003 Sea level rise and flood defence special features 2005 Biodiversity including chalk rivers and an eastern ecological network

1994 2009 Guardian launches with a mission to help its Focus on geology of coast – and 60 years readers keep the Norfolk Coast special of UK protected areas 1995 2010 Events guide doubles to four pages Coastal heroes – the many people who help out on the coast 1998 2008 Celebrating 40 years as an area of outstanding Plans to create Brancaster Millennium Activity 2012 natural beauty Centre reported Focus on local foods and products 20 years of Guardianship n 1994 the first issue of the Norfolk Coast make the most of and protect the coast. Guardian hit the coast. Back then, the Quite a lot has changed since 1994. Now Norfolk Wildlife Trust was still the Nor- there’s one of the best rural bus services in the folk Naturalists’ Trust, traffic was ‘bumper- country, the Coasthopper, operating all year Ito-bumper’, and getting along the coast on a bus round and helping half a million passengers was newly possible – but only in summer, and to enjoy the coast and lower their carbon then not on a Monday or a Saturday. emissions at the same time, and a national- Steve Tutt of the Norfolk Coast Partnership ly-networked cycleway. helped deliver those first Guardians, and is still But in some ways it’s the fact that many delivering today. The paper, he says, helped bring things haven’t changed that we can cel- together the many and diverse interests along the ebrate, 20 years on. Local businesses still coast: “People were doing different things in dif- thrive; there’s a stronger than ever partner- ferent areas - this helped show that the coast was ship of organisations looking after the coast; all one and that they could work together.” and underpinning all of this the magnificent Partner organisations are still fully involved landscape and nature continue to inspire and and there’s never any shortage of fascinating top- amaze. ics to write about and photograph - or of readers. Over the past two decades, the Guardian, on be- Keep up to date. half of the Norfolk Coast Partnership has helped Follow us on Twitter! @NorfolkAONB well over a million readers understand, enjoy,

ALL AT SEA This year’s Norfolk Coast Guardian has a marine theme.

As climate change increases sea level, temperature to the food web – for instance fewer sand eels – and acid levels, it’s more important than ever to means severe consequences for fish, seabirds and understand the role the earth’s oceans play. mammals. A place to treasure and protect Acidification is caused by the sea taking in There is also a huge knowledge gap. Much is The Norfolk Coast is unlike anywhere else. For all occasionally give a little time, the ‘Norfolk Coast man made carbon dioxide. About 30–40% of still not known about the sea, including information those who enjoy it or make their living in it, it’s a Friends’ network could be for you. the carbon dioxide released by humans into the on the behaviour of invasive species like jellyfish, very precious place. To find out more contact Kate Dougan atmosphere dissolves into the oceans, rivers and harmful algal blooms – and, on land, the effect on This newspaper comes to you from the Norfolk ([email protected]) or Grant Rundle lakes. Here it reacts to make the water more acid. the economy of the changes that will be needed in Coast Partnership. We represent a range of key ([email protected]) or telephone This increasing acidity is adversely affecting marine the fishing industry. organisations (see list on page 2) that work 01328 850530. life and food chains. It is feared that coral reefs will together to look after the coast. Special place: photographs from Norfolk be the first complete man-made extinction of an We’ve tried to do justice to the vast riches of the Protected by being an area of outstanding Coast community photographers - see page 19 eco system. sea with features on underwater nature (page 4); natural beauty, the Norfolk coast is recognised in for course details. Clockwise from top left: Lisa Temperature rise in the sea is leading to the how to enjoy the beach – and clean up (page 6); law as being as important as a national park. It’s Browne, Jo Ashford, Jane Stickler, Pat Heard, Ron shifting of fish populations. For instance, near best walks and a new coast path (page 8); the one of the family of protected areas which extend Wetherell, Christine Warner and Gwen Braybrook. the Norfolk Coast there are declining yields of major Cley appeal; art and history. across the UK – and world. cod and increasing sea bass and anchovy. This You’ll also find a great competition on page 17, If you have a passion for the Norfolk coast can be an opportunity for fishermen, but can also and an offer for Coasthopper users; some and would like to be involved, are keen to lead to conflict with other countries following their tasty local recipes and as ever pages of interesting learn more about this special area or happy to traditional catches to new waters. Also, disturbance events from page 20. 4 MARINE NATURE NORFOLK COAST GUARDIAN 2013

Little Tern with chicks RSPB / KevinSimmonds Wonders under

Coastal species work hard to survive in the marine environment, and are vulnerable to disturbance – especially when reproducing. Here we take a look at two that need our help and understanding. Space to breed From the tiny tern to the UK’s larg- the open sea and return regularly to est mammal, the seal, marine animals ‘haul out’ on land where they rest, breeding on the beach face many moult and breed. They frequently dangers. travel over 100 km, with foraging Little terns are small coastal birds trips lasting anywhere between 1 and that look like paper planes delicately 30 days. Compared with other times zipping through the sky. The Nor- of the year, grey seals spend longer folk Coast’s little terns make up the hauled out during their annual largest colony in Europe, beginning moult (March - April) and during to spread their nesting sites along their breeding season (between Oc- Above: Seasearch coordinator Dawn Watson records the the coast, all the way from Holme to tober and January). Resting haulout rich marine life off the coast and right – Little Cuttlefish, Scolt Head as well as other coastal sites are usually on remote coasts or bumblebee sized marvel Rob Spray / Seasearch sites. beaches that offer good access to Overall, Norfolk supports a sig- the open sea. In general, grey seals Personal perspectives from two workers close too sealife nificant population of the birds, are highly sensitive to disturbance currently an amber listed species of by humans, hence their preference conservation concern. So one job at for remote breeding sites. Approxi- the top of the RSPB list is to make mately 36% of the world’s grey seals Looking after sure that these colonies are well pro- breed in the UK, so we need to look tected. after them. Norfolk is lucky to have Little terns lay their eggs on the some - about 90% breed at colonies beach and so are incredibly vulner- in Scotland. marine nature able to disturbance and predation. Harbour (or common) seals are The colony at Caister is monitored smaller than grey seals, and occupy THE DIVER: ROB SPRAY THE RANGER: GEORGE BALDOCK and watched by RSPB staff and vol- more sheltered waters, but also re- “Seasearch East explore the reefs, wrecks and other amazing “The National Trust manages 3,500 ha of the Norfolk Coast, unteers so that people can continue turn to land to rest, moult and breed. seabed habitats around Norfolk. We dive to survey for wildlife including Brancaster Beach, Blakeney National Nature to enjoy the beach and the birds can They do not range as widely as grey and map the places it lives. Their surveys have shown that Reserve and Horsey Windpump. My role varies - one day I nest safely. seals, or congregate to breed at tra- Norfolk’s chalk reef is at least 20 miles long - it runs from might be fencing, the next collecting seal scat (droppings) for Last year, the Norfolk coast sup- ditional colonies. Between late May Cley to , and is home to hundreds of animal and research. Last year was busy and successful. The 3,735 pairs ported a massive 814 nests, but this and early July, females give birth on plant species, from familiar stuff like crabs, lobsters and fish of Sandwich Terns that breed on managed to incredible, almost alien, creatures like the Little Cuttlefish to fledge 2,200 chicks - one of the biggest colonies in the success is only down to the vigilance their own or in very small groups. (pictured above right). These tiny perfect, UK. We also saw record numbers of ggreyrey seaseall pups and dedication of the conservation • It’s best to see seals from an or- predators only grow to the size of born on Blakeney Point - 1,222 - upp ffromrom 930 the organisations and visitors supporting ganised trip boat. Should you come a bumble bee but are as fierce previous year. It’s astounding to thinkhink we had the project. across some at the beach, please: and beautiful as a lion. They just 25 in 2000! These successes areare testament If you are walking on the beach, • Respect their space – re- can change colour to match to the hard work of the rangers. Perhapserhaps our please: member it may not be obvi- the sand or create dramatic most important role is our work withth visitors • Look out for any marked areas and ous that they are distressed displays. We hope the reef including local groups, schools andd volunteers:volunteers: avoid them. • Don’t approach them and will be protected one day giving advice on where to go and whwhatat • Keep your dog under close control make them move – fright- – for the long term health to see; an events programme that runs • Watch out in the breeding season ened mothers may abandon of the sea and the local throughout the year, and guided walks.”walks.” between April and August their pups fishing industry.” You can follow the work of the Norfolkrfolk If you’re lucky you’ll spot one of • Keep dogs on a lead. More about Seasearch Coast team on an online blog: the UK’s two kinds of seal on the East surveys and how to join http://norfolkcoastnationaltrust. in if you dive or snorkel at blogspot.co.uk Norfolk Coast. Grey seals forage in www.rspb.org.uk George Baldock Rob Spray www.seasearcheast.org.uk www.nationaltrust.org.uk/blakeneyy NORFOLK COAST GUARDIAN 2013 MARINE NATURE 5

Keep an eye on your kids: Ensure that ell supervised at the your children are w coast. Agree a meeting point in case people the waves become disorientated. Like its coastline, Norfolk’s marine environment is extraordinary. Charlotte Moffat from Natural England explains why few places in Britain can match it for richness.

he sea along the Norfolk flats are home to a high diversity of coast is a special place. Nat- worms, crustaceans and molluscs rela- urally beautiful, its marine tive to other east coast areas. landscapes support a fasci- Our local coast is one of three natingT range of creatures living below significant wintering areas for com- the waves and along the shoreline. mon scoter in England and winter The beach at is the gate- walkers may be rewarded with the way to the impressive Cromer Shoal sight of rafts of these small diving chalk beds, which extend along much seaducks. North Norfolk is also of this part of the coast and stretch famous for the huge number out some distance under the sea. of wintering pink footed These chalk beds form part of Eu- geese, visible on daily trips rope’s longest chalk reef with amaz- between farmland and ing arch formations in its white walls, coast, most spectacularly surrounded by a seabed of rocks, peat at Snettisham. Harbour and clay. This environment provides porpoises are also regu- a permanent home to many wildlife lar visitors throughout and plants, like shrimps and prawns, the year. marine worms and tiny snails, and at- The Wash is the larg- tracts foraging seabirds. est marine bay in Brit- In 2008 divers discovered a spe- ain and the central part cies of purple sponge entirely new to of the bay is home to science. Superb Wildlife Trust video astonishing worms living footage, collated by local Seasearch in tubes built from sand or Clockwise from top: Violet Sea Slug; Shore crab; The tunnels divers Rob Spray (see below) and fine gravel. When occur- under the chalk are full of life. A shoal of Bib (or Pouting) swirl over the reef; Common Lobster and a Shanny, the Dawn Watson, highlights re- ring in large numbers, Common Blenny; All pictures Rob Spray / Seasearch except Shore Crab: markable features along the tubes clump Paul Naylor this reef. Check it together and form out on YouTube: mounds which be- http:// bit.ly/ come solid reef XdgTCF structures rising Further west from the seabed. in a more shel- Many of these tered area of reefs have a the coast, un- rich diversity of derwater beds animals associ- of seagrass pro- ated with them vide a safe haven as they provide a for tiny juvenile home for animals fish, adult fish, shell- to burrow into, shel- fish and invertebrates. ter in or attach to. Seagrass beds are a nation- ally rare and vulnerable habitat. On the Norfolk coast they form part of • The Norfolk Coast Area of internationally important coastal eco- Outstanding Natural Beauty systems which stabilise fine sediments overlaps with national and What is being done to look after this amazing world? and improve water quality. Seagrass international conservation The coast’s local economy relies on a healthy marine environment. But pressures from commercial and leisure activities, if beds can make an important contri- designations which give legal unmanaged, could impact on the species in our seas. bution to managing climate change as protection to the rare and In December last year the government launched a consultation on its proposal to create up to 31 Marine Conservation each square kilometre stores 10 times special wildlife and geological Zones (MCZs), which will receive special protection so that unique marine life can thrive. Around the UK, the proposed as much carbon as a temperate forest. features, including the Wash network of marine protected areas will cover an area roughly three times the size of Cornwall. This rich variety of marine life acts as and North Norfolk Coast Findings from England’s first MCZ, Lundy Island, which is situated off the north Devon coast, have shown that putting a huge larder for diving seabirds such European Marine Site which a key area of the sea under special protection can have many benefits. The waters around Lundy Island now have a as sandwich and common tern which stretches from Weybourne thriving lobster and grey seal population and it is the only place in the UK where five cup corals exist together. nest in shallow scrapes on the sandy to the far side of the Wash. The Cromer shoal chalk beds and Wash Approach were proposed for Norfolk. However both have been left out of the beaches. Natural England provides the proposals for the first set of sites to be designated in 2013: Cromer Shoal Chalk Beds because the scientific evidence was No visit to Blakeney would be science and evidence that helps not adequate, and Wash Approach because of uncertainty around the socio-economic costs. The sites require further complete without taking a boat trip landowners, managers and other consideration and may be designated at a later stage. out to see the large colony of seals. organisations look after these The Stour and Orwell MCZ and the Blackwater, Crouch, Roach and Colne Estuary MCZ in Suffolk are some of the Mud and sandflats are interspersed important assets. proposed sites closest to Norfolk. These particular sites will provide extra protection for species and habitats including along this coastline, some of which native oyster beds and many other marine creatures, including crabs, worms, sea snails, sponges, sea urchins and seaweed. can be seen at low tide, and others washandnorthnorfolkcoastems.co.uk For more information on Marine Conservation Zones visit defra.gov.uk which are always under water. These www.naturalengland.org.uk 6 OUT & ABOUT NORFOLK COAST GUARDIAN 2013

Getting down and dirty in Brancaster mud on an organised NT event. Don’t ever venture into the creeks How to be a alone as channels fill quickly when the tide turns. shore explorer National Trust Images / David Levenson Join National Trust learning and community engagement officer, Rob Coleman, as he searches for the hidden wildlife that can be found on a sandy beach

orfolk is well known for ing care to dig under the tunnel to creatures which swim into the mouth its superb sandy beaches, avoid chopping the worm in two!) re- of the net. great places to visit on a veals the animal itself. Red-brown to Your first catch is likely to be a sunny day. But surely noth- greenish black in colour and slimy, lug shrimp. Closely related to prawns, they Ning lives here all the time? As the tide worms can grow over 20 centimetres have a similar body-shape with ten recedes, the sand looks like an inhos- in length and live for more than 5 years. legs, long antennae and a broad flat pitable place for animal life, but some They spend their lives filtering parti- tail. Shrimps love sand, and spend their detective work with a spade and a net cles from the sea through their bur- lives walking or swimming just above proves otherwise. rows. Placing the worm back on the the seabed, or resting with just their A small pile of sand resembling an wet sand, it quickly makes an escape, eyes and antennae on show. As well untidy coil of rope betrays the pres- pushing its throat inside out and then as shrimps, push-netting can reveal ence of a lugworm. Look carefully forcing its head into the space created. flatfish, crabs and even ink-squirting and each cast is paired with a small This piston-like process is repeated cuttlefish! circular depression. Lugworms live in a until the whole body disappears. ‘U’- shaped tunnel which starts at the For our next detective adventure, Join the National Trust looking for round ‘blow hole’ and finishes at the you’ll need to get your feet wet, and be seashore life this summer on a sandy cast. The worm can be found armed with a suitable net. A push-net Rock Pool Ranger event at Sheringhamngham resting in the bend of the ‘U’, some 30 is always good, as this has a sturdy bar. Park. For more details phone 01263263 centimetres or more below the surface. The bar end is pushed along the sea- 820550 or visit www.nationaltrust.st. A few quick spadefuls of sand (tak- bed to disturb the sediment, dislodging org.uk/-park TOP Enjoy a safe visit to TIPS Brancaster beach with Keith Miller, National Trust Coastal Ranger

Be aware along our coast, there is a large tidal range which means the difference between low tides and high tides is amazing. So take time to look at the safety signs when you’re out and about. As with many beaches along the 1 coast, the rising tide can cut you off so please seek local advice if you are unsure of any beach.

We recommend that you don’t cross any creeks or channels as these may fill very quickly when the tide 2 changes, this extends to saltmarshes, which have many hidden channels.

Building a sandcastle is almost compulsory when on a beach, perhaps you fancy creating your very own sand sculpture. But when having fun in the sand, remember not to dig tunnels or large holes, as these can collapse and pose a danger to you 3 and other beach users once you’ve left.

Always check the weather Weather and tides: Although the activities on the beach are varied, there is room and tidal conditions before you set out. Consider for everyone. We achieve this through zoning, for instance whether you could become cut off and do not take risks. You can check weather at www. there is a kite surfing launch area and a seasonal dog free metoffice.gov.uk/weather/marine/ zone. We also have to think of the wildlife, so you’ll see that 4 we rope off an area for birds during their nesting season. So look out for our zones.

Look out for further top safety tips from the Coastguard throughout this Guardian Shore thithings:ngs:R Robob ClColeman on the hunt for minibeasts. National Trust NORFOLK COAST GUARDIAN 2013 OUT & ABOUT 7

Get trained: If you’re putting out to sea make sure you know what you ar You are far less likely to be involvede doing. in a maritime accident if you are trained. Join team clean marine Along the coast thousands of volunteers play a crucial role in looking after the landscape and wildlife – and get a lot back. Beachcleaning is one area where just one day’s work pays off. And if you join a Marine Conservation Society-organised Beachwatch event, the rubbish cleared up is analysed to help stop the flow. During Beachwatch 2011, six beaches were cleaned in Norfolk: Caister, Cley, Blakeney Point, , Mundesley and Sheringham West. 137 volunteers collected 74 bags containing 5,550 items. That’s an average of 1622 items per km of beach cleaned – slightly lower than the national average of 1741. Rubbish arrives on beaches from all over. Over a fifth collected in Norfolk was plastic pieces. Nationally, analysis shows plastic caps and lids, polystyrene pieces and wrappers made up around 6% of rubbish; cord, plastic drinks bottles and glass were around 4% each. Cotton bud sticks, despite their size, make up a big problem, at around 3%, as do fishing nets and plastic cutlery and straws. Problems on the increase include a huge increase in the number of full dog poo bags last year, and a 33% increase in plastic bottles in the last ten years. Six of the best ways to help

1 If you would like to 2 help look after the Norfolk Coast, Clear up on there are plenty of ways to be the beach – involved. Have a look at the don’t leave new volunteer opportunities anything behind. pages at www.norfolkcoastaonb.org.uk 3 and see which activities appeal to you. Don’t flush Beach cleans are listed at anything other www.tinyurl.com/a7sjqts. than toilet paper Find out about beach cleans down the loo. nationwide at www.mcsuk.org 4 Anglers – take extra care 6 5 with your Stop buying Clean up after tackle. plplasticastic waterwatea r yyourour ddogog anandd bbinin bbottles.ottlees.s tthehe babag.g. All aboard at Brancaster

Alex Green, learning officer at National Trust Brancaster Harbour is such a magical pplace.lace. ParticuParticularlylarly Brancaster Millennium Activity Centre reveals during the summer holidays, my friends aandnd I wouwouldld sspendpend what it’s like to be out on the water at every waking hour down there, either sailingling when the tide Brancaster Staithe was in, or mud sliding in the creeks whenn the tide was out. Our washing machine suffered under thehe strain of all mmyy Sailing is a big part of my role with the National Trust and muddy clothes and my bed was always full of sand - but one that I relish. It is a great thrill to see the enjoyment that I had the best time growing up in Brancasterncaster StaitStaithehe anandd children get from experiencing it, often for the first time. wouldn’t have swapped it for the world. There are often nerves and feelings of trepidation as we As well as sailing, we take the childrenren out across tthehe leave the quay, but these quickly disappear as we make our salt marsh for muddy coastal safaris andnd let them mud way out onto the ‘high seas’. slide in the same old haunts I used to. WeWe also offer kayak- We actually rarely leave the safe surroundings of the ing and raft building, making the most off what the harbouharbourr naturally enclosed Brancaster Harbour, but to the children has to offer. I feel so privileged to be able to share mymy who have never really experienced anything like it, it feels special place with all the children that comeome to visit anandd to like a great ocean and they often come back with wild tales be able to do it for a living makes me appreciatepreciate hhowow lluckyucky of pirates, killer sharks and the mythical crocodillypig. I am. We take children out in our trusty sailing boat ‘High Spirits’ and even on the more miserable days, everything still manages to look beautiful and everyone has fun. It’s al- Skim a stone, fly a kite, create some wild art, go on a walk ways teeming with wildlife, particularly birds; and barefoot, catch a crab, go swimming in thehe sea … the beach is a great place for children – and aadultsdults - to tick ooffff sometimes if we’re very lucky, a curious seal some of the things on the National Trust’sst’s 50 things to will pop up alongside the boat to say hello. do before you’re 11 and three-quartersrs list The thing that makes this part of my job www.nationaltrust.org.uk/50things so special is that this is where I grew up and If you want to do more activities onn the coast, learnt to sail as a child. I still remember the then check out Brancaster Millenniumnnium feeling of excitement as I left the same Activity Centre at Brancaster Staithetaithe quay and ventured out into the har- where you can sail, kayak, raft bbuilduild bour for the first time. Within minutes and enjoy a coastal safari. Activitiesvities as of learning to sail I was hooked and it taster sessions for children and ffamiliesamilies has been a huge part of my life ever during the school holidays. FForor mormoree since. information or to book ccallall the National Trust Box Office on 084444 249 1895.1895. Sailing enthusiast: Alex Green www.nationaltrust.org.uk/brancaster High spirits: Everything looks beautiful aboard the NT boat. National Trust / Paul Harris 8 WALKING NORFOLK COAST GUARDIAN 2013

Hunstanton: a slice dune. It might just look like a small pile of sand 1 of history against a bit of driftwood or wrack but in a few You’ll see: Cliffs and beach. Best ex- years it could be several metres high! plored at low tide, 110 million years of history Getting there: Coasthopper to Burnham in the the striking red and white cliff section Overy Staithe. Follow the signs to the harbour with Lower Cretaceous Red Chalk with un- and out along the sea bank to the beach. derlaying Carstone and Upper Cretaceous Food and drink: The Hero pub in the vil- White Chalk. Explore rock pools amongst the lage or get a packup from Wells Deli - they do seaweed covered carstone. some awesome sandwiches. Getting there: Coasthopper to Hunstan- ton then follow the signs for the Coast Path to where it touches the beach. Leave the path to explore the cliffs and beach. Food and drink: Plenty of choice in Hunstanton or continue on the Coast Path to Old Hunstanton to find a great beach café in front of the lifeboat station.

Burnham Overy Staithe

Wells next the Sea: creeks, 4 tides, boats, birds You’ll see: A huge area of saltmarsh stretching seven miles to Blakeney. This super- Hunstanton ficially flat area is one of the best sea defences we have and is growing. If you are able, visit at low tide then return at a high spring tide when Thornham Harbour: virtually the whole marsh in front of you will 2 creeks and marsh be covered by water. You’ll see: A scene of contrasts. Visit at Getting there: Coasthopper to Wells next high spring tides to see the whole marsh the Sea. Follow the Coast Path out along the (and the road!) covered with sea water or at arrow straight sea bank towards the lifeboat low water to watch oystercatchers, redshank station. and curlew probing the creek mud for inver- Food and drink: You are spoilt for choice tebrates. The call of these birds can be shrill in Wells! and alarming or in certain weather conditions atmospheric and haunting. The daily rhythm of the tides provides a rich source of food for waders, man and the millions of small inverte- brates living in the mud. Getting there: Coasthopper to the centre of Thornham. Follow the Coast Path signs away from the main road to the harbour. Food and drink: Good pubs in Thorn- Only on ham or The Deli café.

Wells

Cley: salt marsh, freshwater 5 marsh and shingle ridge You’ll see: Walk from the village along the , on top of the foot sea defence bank, to see the contrast between salt marsh and fresh water marsh and grazing meadow. Notice the dominant feature ahead ExploringE the Norfolk CoasCCoastooaastast oonnnf footffooooot pprprovidesrovidovviidide of you: shingle. Three miles left to Blakeney Thornham Point and three miles to the right to the best opportunitiesnitties too geggetete upup cclocloseose to Hard. Built by tides, destroyed by the power of storms but still an important defence against the rich and excitingexcitxxccitingcitingng marine/landma e/lane/ anda d interface.intnt Burnham Overy Staithe the tides for two villages. Walk along the 3 beach: sand, sea and sky shingle ridge to the right to find those places Norfolk Trailsaia lsls officoofofficerfficeficecere Timm Lidstone-Scottd toneton You’ll see: The interplay of wind, where the sea rolls over the shingle ridge and sand and marram grass has constructed a dune in the process moves it metre by metre inland providess hhisisis toptotopop ssixsii loclocationsocaticationatatio for you to explore. system that is both old and stable whilst on towards the coast road. the northern edge is totally dynamic. Spring Getting there: Coasthopper to Cley and tides will create sand cliff faces by eroding the then follow the Coast Path signs towards the dune and pulling the sand back onto the beach beach. from whence it came. Find a small embryonic Food and drink: Plenty of choice in Cley. NORFOLK COAST GUARDIAN 2013 WALKING 9

England Coast Path – a step closer in Norfolk

A new coast path is in the making. After extensive consultation, work is underway on a 41km stretch between ’s sandy beaches and the cliff tops near Weybourne. This is part of an ambitious plan to create the England Coast Path – a continuous walking route around the coastline. This stretch incorporates the popular coastal towns of Mundesley, Cromer and Sheringham, and walkers will appreciate a clearly marked and well managed route to areas of beach, cliff and other coastal land. There are important geological Cley habitats where dunes fringe the coast, and elevated cliffs offer great views across extensive shimmering Weybourne to Sheringham coastline with rolling arable farmland behind. New 6 cliffs: chalk reef and long sections will link up to the Norfolk Coast Path National Trail bringing it closer to the sea between Cromer shore fishermen GET OFF THE You’ll see: Walk right, up onto the cliff. Boats and and securing, for the first time, a harvest crab and lobster and the men crewing continuous route along this stretch of coast. If the cliffs BEATEN TRACK erode, then the path will “roll back”, securing the future them carry on a tradition that possibly dates For great walks of the new route. back to the first settlers in Weybourne. Fur- connected to public A second phase is planned for a 31km path ther along, past the old coastguard cottages and transport, check out the extending eastwards from Sea Palling towards Hopton- Norfolk Coast Partnership’s looking out to sea, your eye will be caught by on-Sea. This will include part of The Broads National the wind farm, or perhaps a small fishing boat. Explore More cir Park at Horsey, as well as Great Yarmouth. Although cular What you can’t see is interesting too - the larg- work has started to establish this new path, coastal walks at est chalk reef in Europe, stretching 20 miles access is not yet a right and you cannot walk anywhere http://bit.ly/TvziLJ. from here round past Sheringham and Cromer. you wish. Please follow current access arrangements Getting there: Coasthopper to Wey- and use established paths and rights of way. For more bourne, then follow the signs to the Coast Path. information and updates, visit: www.naturalengland. Food and drink: Weybourne, all within a org.uk/coastalaccess Norfolk Coast Path National Trail, Weybourne. Tim Lidstone-Scott few yards of each other. NORFOLK COAST GUARDIAN 2013 ART 11 Art beneath the waves Steve and Liz Harris, of local art gallery BIRDscapes on what happens when artists go underwater or many people, ‘marine art’ conveys boats and shipping, rather than wild- life. Is this perhaps because our lo- cal undersea environments are largely F‘invisible’? Most of us enjoy the amazing underwater images we see in programmes like Blue Planet, filmed in crystal-clear water, and perhaps conclude that our local, murkier North Sea must be just miles of muddy sand with very little wildlife at all. Not so! In recent years, awareness has grown that there Harriet Mead and her Pallas’s Cormorant really are rich undersea habitats, even on the Norfolk coast, that have literally been over- et’s, at a special exhibition over Easter, a taster looked. for the Society’s 50th Annual Exhibition in In order to raise the profile of the neglect- later this year. ed marine world around Britain’s coastline, BIRDscapes, as its name implies, special- the Dorset Wildlife Trust, in 2007, enlisted the ises in bird art, but other wildlife is also in- help of artists. In collaboration with the UK’s cluded. One of its bird artists, David Miller, senior wildlife art body, the Society of Wild- is also a highly-proficient fish painter, having life Artists, it sponsored an annual ‘Undersea provided, for several years, images used on rod Wildlife Art Award’ to train an SWLA mem- licences. A qualified scuba diver, he explores ber to scuba dive in order to ‘create artworks both marine and freshwater environments for that interpret our wonderful and neglected his art. He too is keen to explore the ‘land- marine habitat’. scape’ of the chalk reef and capture on canvas In 2012, Norfolk sculptor and President of its fish and wildlife. David hopes to be div- the SWLA, Harriet Mead, received the award, ing over it this summer, and if all goes well, now sponsored by The Wildlife Trusts nation- the resulting oil paintings will enable people ally, and elected to dive in her ‘local sea’, off to have an artist’s-eye-view of this spectacular north Norfolk, to explore the newly-discov- habitat, a pebble’s-throw off north Norfolk’s ered Cromer Chalk Reef. Harriet works in beaches. ‘found metal’, but decided she would actu- www.birdscapesgallery.co.uk ally do preparatory sketchinghing - underunder water! Harriet’s skill in transformingming piecespieces of scrascrapp metal into believable animalsmals andand birdsbirds turnedturned out to be really well-suiteded to creatingcreating rustyrusty crustaceans such as her PadlockPadlock CrabCrab andand Mole-grip Lobster, and eveneven a mol-mol- lusc, her Padlock Cuttlefish!ttlefish! The BIRDscapes Gallerylery works with many SWLAA Padlock NorfolkN artist HJ Jackson celebrates 60 years of members, and will be Cuttlefish showing some of their pprintmaking with a solo summer exhibition at Gallery by Harriet PPlus, Wells-next-the-Sea. A senior fellow of the Royal work, including Harri- Mead SSocietyo of Painter Printmakers and a member of the SSocietyo of Wood Engravers, Jackson was born and broughtb up in King’s Lynn and produced his first hand- It takes a village to write a book pprinted linocut in his final months at school, helping to Between the Land and the Sea was a community writing project instigated by Burnham Market earn him a place at Norwich School of Art. Primary School and Kevin Crossley-Holland, local author and President of the School Library The disappearing railway, old houses and streets Association and supported by the local community, which brought together a diverse range of about to make way for the developer and, above writers of all ages. Every child from the school wrote a piece of poetry or prose. Their writing all, the declining fishing industry have remained the coupled with a selection of pieces from local writers, show how words can help to celebrate sources of his inspiration. the coast. The anthology was designed by Harry Cory Wright and the publishing costs were The exhibition opens with an all-day preview on provided by Sowerbys Estate Agents. The anthology costs £5, all of which is donated to Friends Saturday July 20, when the artist will be demonstrating of Burnham Market School. Copies are available from the school office and from White House his techniques and chatting about his work. The Books, Burnham Market. exhibition runs daily 10am-4pm (11am-4pm Sunday) until Visit www.betweenthelandandthesea.webeden.co.uk Sunday 4 August. 01328 711609; gallery-plus.co.uk 12 PAST & PRESENT NORFOLK COAST GUARDIAN 2013

The land between Cley and which Help save a is the focus of the NWT appeal. Brendan Joyce special gem David North on ambitious plans at one of Norfolk’s oldest and best loved nature reserves

etween the North Norfolk and that thin line of shingle that sepa- here today, but go back just a few coastal villages of Cley next rates Norfolk from the waves of the decades to the early 1970s and only the Sea and Salthouse lies a North Sea? a couple of pairs survived, confined rather special nature reserve, Cley has an unsurpassed history of to Suffolk. Another success is the CleyB Marshes. It’s justifiably famous, attracting exciting and extraordinarily story of that most elegant of wading and not just with Norfolk birders. rare migrant birds. On occasions, birds birds, the avocet, which after an ab- Over the years since 1926, when so rare they have never previously sence of 150 years as a breeding bird in it became one of Norfolk’s earliest been recorded in Britain. Norfolk, chose to return nature reserves, this reserve has seen Its habitats are also home to many to. Protected at Cley Marshes these many changes. 2013 sees plans for an unusual breeding birds, from tiny birds increased in numbers, spreading exciting new phase in the fascinating bearded tits that sidle up and down to other sites along the Norfolk coast and important history of a nature re-re the reed stems, clinging to their feathfeath- and then beyond to other counties. serve whichwhich hashas playedplayed a vitalvital rolerole forfor ereryy hheadseads to ffeedeed on tthehe reereedd seeseeds,ds, HoweverHowever CCleyley is mucmuchh more tthanhan conservation in NorNorfolkfolk anandd beyond.beyond. to tthehe mamagnificentgnificent marsmarshh hharriersarriers tthathat justjust bbirds.irds. It aalsolso hhasas a ddeservedeserved plplaceace So what’s so specialspecial about 400 acres ddriftrift on broad, ppowerfulowerful winwingsgs oveoverr in tthehe hhistoryistory ooff BritisBritishh conserva- ooff windswewindsweptpt reeds, shallow muddmuddyy the marshes. These harriersharriers,, still rarer tion. In 1926, when Dr SSydneyydney LonLongg the £5,100 needed to buy the marsh- grants, owes much to this reserve. Cley ppoolsools and wet cattle-cattle-grazedgrazed marshes as a UK breedinbreedingg bird than ggoldenolden gathered a few friends in the George es at auction, he achieved far more Marshes gained a small, but splendid, ttuckeducked bbetweenetween tthehe main coast roaroadd eagles,eagles, are comparativecomparativelyly easy to see hotel in CleCley,y, and successfullsuccessfullyy raised than safeguarding a very special bird reed-thatched visitor centre overlook- reserve. His vision saw the found- ing the marshes in 1981. But a much ing of the Norfolk Naturalists’ Trust, more recent milestone was the open- which today as Norfolk Wildlife Trust ing of its new panoramic visitor centre manages more than 50 nature reserves in 2007. This proved hugely popular, across Norfolk. This, the very first soon attracting over 100,000 visitors Wildlife Trust, began a movement, a year. now 47 Wildlife Trusts strong, which This year sees an opportunity so today manages more than 2,000 na- significant that it’s perhaps the most ture reserves across the UK. important since 1926. Norfolk Wild- There have been many other nota- life Trust is working to acquire the ble successes since the days of Sydney marshes to the east -140 acres which Long. The early development of hides, will join Cley Marshes to the NWT so visitors can enjoy the birds without reserve at Salthouse Marshes. If suc- disturbing them, and the pioneering cessful, the purchase of this last piece of shallow man-made scrapecrapepg lagoons Panoramic views: the visitor centre opened five years ago. Barry Madden to attract both breeding birdsbiirds and mi-mi- The real fisherman’s friend Victoria Chamberlin, Cromer Scottish Ganseys. Both the neck and cuff could be gather on the beach to gossip as they knitted. unpicked and re-knitted when they became worn. Cromer Museum has a growing collection Museum, on the Gansey Norfolk Ganseys were perhaps the most of these beautiful garments, which were the A Gansey is a traditional woollen jumper worn by finely knitted of them all, especially those from proud possessions of fishermen and their fishermen. Predominantly navy blue, it was worn Sheringham. They are extremely fine, being families. Despite great age and years of for work, usually under a tanned cotton slop for knitted on size 16 or even size 17 needles using hard wear the quality of these labours of love protection and to keep out the wind and, when dark blue three ply worsted wool to make a shines through. teamed with navy blue trousers, used for hard-wearing garment. With a stitch count of ‘Sunday best’. By the mid-nineteenth century 13 stitches and 19 rows per inch the result is a most fishermen wore them. fabric that is difficult to believe is hand-knitted, Cromer Museum The Gansey, believed to be a corruption of with extremely crisp and delicate patterns. East Cottages, Tucker St, Cromer NR27 9HB ‘Guernsey’, was most likely knitted by a loved Several dozen patterns are known from T: 01263 513543 one and carried a pattern characteristic of the Sheringham, so far – which quashes the oft- W: www.museums.norfolk.gov.uk fishing port or the family. Knitted on the round, no repeated remark, that ‘each port has its own Opening times seams, with a ribbed cuff and welt, the lower part pattern’. There may be a typical style and a few April to October 2013 of the jumper was stocking stitch and the top was popular patterns but there is an enormous variety Monday to Friday 10am - 4pm decorated with a pattern of plain and purl stitches. created by the many knitters of Sheringham over Saturday 12 noon – 4pm Sunday 1pm – 4pm These are usually oriented vertically, alternating the years. November 2013 – March 2014 between two pattern element A-B-A-B-A etc across In Sheringham, as in Winterton and Caister, Monday to Friday 10am - 4pm the width of the chest. For example one inch women and girls earned money knitting garments Saturday 12 noon – 4pm Sunday closed columns of zigzags alternate with similar columns for a merchant. The wool was supplied and each Sheringham fisherman and lifeboat coxwain John of fine moss stitch to give a ‘lightening and Gansey took about two weeks to knit in their Prices ‘Sparrow’ Hardingham, wearing a typical Sheringham hailstones’ pattern. To help keep the neck neat it spare time; they were paid 3s.6d to 4s (17 to 20p) Adult £3.60, Concession £3.00, Young Person pattern of herringbones and coil o’rope in the 1920s. was not unusual to use buttons in the style of the per garment. On fine evenings the women would (4-16) £2.10 Cromer Museum, Norfolk Museum and Archaeology Service NORFOLK COAST GUARDIAN 2013 PAST & PRESENT 13

To safeguard the stunning coast between Cley and Salthouse Marshes and protect its wildlif see Appeal – det e ails on page 20. Current and possible future wind farms New marine industry

Looking ahead with However, they are the only re- Tim Venes, Norfolk Coast newable energy technology current- ly able to meet Government targets Partnership manager for renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions. Locally produced Looking out from the Norfolk renewable energy also contributes to Coast, one of the most noticeable greater national energy security in changes in the seascape over the last future, as national and global supplies few years is the appearance of off- of fossil fuels are used up. shore wind farms. Given the need to develop re- As the map shows, Race Bank newable energy, many people would in the coastal conservation jigsaw will wind farm will sit in a gap between rather wind farms were located off- mean that wildlife finds a safe refuge the western Wash wind farm group shore. The wind is generally stronger along an unbroken 8kms of coast, and Sheringham Shoal, and and steadier, and the ex- from Blakeney Point to beyond Salt- will be visible although tensive shallow wa- house. Land managed and protected in rather further out ters off the Norfolk parts by National Trust, and in parts by than both. There is coast provide an Norfolk Wildlife Trust. A goal worth also a possibility opportunity for aiming for, safeguarding surely one of of further visible large arrays of the finest coastal landscapes in Nor- wind farm de- turbines. How- Artist impression of the new Simon Aspinall Wildlife Education Centre at Cley. folk. A landscape of huge international velopment to the ever, the marine LSI Architects importance for wildlife. The cost? A east (East Anglia is more complex million pounds. If you care about Cley ternationally respected conservation- of coastal wildlife and the knowledge array), but oth- and dynamic Marshes, its landscape and wildlife, ist, there are plans to create the Simon and understanding to protect it. erwise the future than the terres- please support the public appeal. Aspinall Wildlife Education Centre If you would like to support these of offshore wind trial environment This is just one part of the cur- at Cley Marshes. A new low-impact exciting plans visit www.norfolkwild- development appears and our information rent challenge. Supported by an ini- building tucked behind the existing lifetrust.org.uk to be for larger arrays be- and understanding of it tial generous donation by the Aspinall visitor centre will provide a much yond visibility from the shore. much less developed. family, in memory of their son Simon needed education area designed to David North is Head of People and Since 2010 the Marine Manage- Concerns about the effects on who was a keen Cley birder and in- inspire a new generation with a love Wildlife, Norfolk Wildlife Trust. ment Organisation has been respon- marine wildlife, including com- sible for approving applications for mercially important species, remain offshore wind farms. Existing farms although much work has been done were approved by Government de- to understand impacts. This is a harsh A trading coast Peep into the past with Chris Weston, local historian partments. and dynamic environment in which Wind turbines tend to polarise to operate, and lessons may need to During and after the Middle Ages, parts of North Norfolk’s the full width of the estuary swept inland past the mill, opinion – some people see them as be learned over time about achiev- coastline looked very different. Sea-trading was a major the original Cley harbour was located near the parish graceful objects that provide clean, ing effective operation. industry, particularly in the Glaven ports of Blakeney, Cley, church and today’s Newgate Green. Across on the opposite renewable and sustainable energy, Having produced the energy, it’s Salthouse and . ‘Tall Ships’ of up to 160 tons were side and below the churchyard wall, was the quayside of reducing reliance on fossil fuels and necessary to get it into the National regular visitors as eastern England’s strong commercial links Wiveton, which “died” when embankments of 1647 (today’s contributing to reducing the carbon Grid, which presents its own prob- with Germany, Holland, the Low Countries, Scandinavia and coast road) were created by the local Calthorpe family emissions that are causing global cli- lems – avoiding sensitive areas of sea- the Mediterranean continued. Imports included cloth, silk, to protect the marshes. Cley’s port activities then moved mate change. Others see them as in- bed for cable runs, undergrounding French wines, spices, oriental rugs and more, while timber, downstream to another quayside (still evident today), near efficient and unreliable because they through sensitive landscapes, energy wool and locally-grown corn was exported. Coal from other the mill. Subsequent silting has reduced the water there to only work when the wind blows, losses over the distances involved, parts of Britain arrived, together with fish from Iceland a comparative trickle. Blakeney also silted up and today, expensive, a blot on the seascape and identifying a suitable ‘plug in’ point and every time fish were landed in Wiveton, the Lord of the vessels offering seal trips to the Point and privately owned a threat to wildlife and traditional with the necessary handling capacity. Manor had an automatic right to “a warp” (pair) from the craft have replaced their former commercial counterparts. activities such as fishing. Although involving some devel- catch. And in 1434, a ship full of pilgrims sailed from Cley to To reach the Glaven Ports, incoming vessels from the the famous Compostilla de Santiago shrine, in Spain. North Sea (formerly German Ocean) entered Blakeney Although even the nearest wind opment, onshore facilities for main- Such activity meant bustling quaysides together with Haven. While most continued straight ahead, access to farms are several kilometres off- taining the windfarms, as we have at several different languages being spoken and heard. Salthouse, required a sharp turn to port. Continuing along shore, they are more noticeable than Wells, can also provide a boost to the Shipbuilding was big business in Wiveton and Cley, the the Salthouse Mayne Channel, vessels travelled along a the visualisations presented in early local economy. latter providing vessels for the French Wars in the 1300s. But now vanished waterway to reach the quays, where locally applications for development sug- Overall, there are both pros and smuggling was also rife and before today’s Blakeney Hotel “cropped” salt was stored in warehouses and often exported. gested, probably because the human cons. Offshore wind farms, love opened in 1921, the Crown & Anchor pub on that site was Today’s Cley still has its “secrets of yesteryear” awaiting eye works differently to a camera them or hate them, are here at least the most notorious North Norfolk location for smugglers discovery. Metal posts near the Picnic Fayre delicatessen lens. The wind farms have had some for the time being and compared regular brawls and fights. Today, none of these activities are barrels of locally-made canon, and New Road has a impact on the wilderness qualities with other possibilities, such as the remain, so what went wrong? Stationmasters House built for the railway which never of the coast, including the effect of suggestion of a barrage across the Partly but not entirely, silting of the River Glaven. When came. lights on the turbines at night. Wash, appear to be relatively benign. 18 FISHING NORFOLK COAST GUARDIAN 2013 Mark Randell. Jenny Davis Get fresh Local photographers Jenny Davis and Helen May profile the people behind the catch

MARK RANDELL, without overfishing. He use his ‘wim’ MUSSEL FISHERMAN to skim the sand, scraping along the AND REED CUTTER mussel bed. Mussels caught are trans- October 2012, a cold sunny day, the ferred to his boat – an exhausting start of the mussel fishing season: activity that needs strength and resil- Mark Randell and his son Henry are ience. off to Blakeney Lower Harbour on The beauty of this landscape is Glen Weston Helen May a low tide. Mark decided to become hard to describe and I have never felt a fisherman about six years ago, and so close to nature and in harmony saw an opportunity to teach his eld- with my environment. At the end of The smoker is inspected after the est son the business. fishing the boats are lined up awaiting nights smoking of herring; haddock is We walk from Freshes to the incoming tide in order to walk brined and hung ready to be smoked; Blakeney Lower Harbour where his back to the Freshes where sorting and and mackerel is being brined and boat is moored. The men will be out cleaning will take place. Jenny Davis peppered ready to be smoked. The from 3pm, return on the flooding smoking process involves gutting the tide and be back at Stiffkey Freshes GLEN WESTON, fish, soaking in brine and then glaz- by 7.30pm. CLEY SMOKEHOUSE ing (sprinkling with salt) to give the At Blakeney Harbour we met Glen Weston has owned and run Cley resulting smoked fish a firmer texture Johnny Webster, a fellow fisherman. Smokehouse for 10 years, previously and good even colour. This process is The start of the day brings about a being a fisherman off this coast. He carried out for haddock, mackerel and discussion of the catch and a recog- smokes all kinds of products from herring, the haddock being smoked nition that a poor season seems in- duck to olives, bacon, prawns, fish for 4-5 hours. Helen May evitable. Decisions have to be taken and shellfish. Herring are smoked whether to invest in mussel seed. overnight in a traditional smoker over JOHNNY WEBSTER, Mark is passionate about the need sawdust, and the resulting kippers are MUSSEL FISHERMAN to take care of the mussel beds and sold locally and in London hotels and Formerly a bait digger, Johnny has waitsw until they are mature, stores such as Selfridges. been a fisherman in since NORFOLK COAST GUARDIAN 2013 FOOD 19

1980, using the mussel lays his father Try out these BAKE A LOCAL LOAF originally had before the channel delicious recipes silted up in the 1970s. One day on Andrew Cannon says take a bait digging trip with his father, he from Harry Farrow, time to enjoy his noticed the sand was clearing over the old seed beds and decided to relook at head chef at the the mussel beds as a source of income. Anchor Inn, Morston ‘Norfolk He lays seed in the harbour and harvests the mature mussels 18 - 24 Minute’ Cake The Anchor Norfolk Mussels months later. A small creek between (cooking time 7mins, feeds 4) At Natural Surroundings we’re the Morston creek and Stiffkey, Freshes Ingredients: opposite of cheffy. We like simple creek is fed by the two chalk streams 2 sliced leeks family food, home-made from of the Rivers Glaven and Stiffkey. 1/2 pint Harry Sparrow simple recipes, and we never bin a This is a fantastic plus point for the 1 teaspoon Colmans spotty banana. mussel fisherman at Morston as these 1 kg of Morston Mussels rivers are protected and therefore un- 50ml of double cream Blitz or beat 100g buttery spread, likely to discharge unwanted pollut- 75g caster or soft sugar, 225g ants. Method SR flour, two eggs, a fat pinch of Johnny Webster is one of only a Sweat leeks in butter, when cinnamon, two soggy bananas the handful of hand digging and clean- soft add cider, reduce by 1/3, browner the better (not the skins – ing mussel fisherman left. He rakes, add mussels, cover, steam until somebody did ask!) and a blob of cleans and sorts the mussels in the open, add cream and chopped syrup, about 2 tbsp. Pulse or stir in a handful of dates (stoned, obviously) creek, then they go into his purifi- parsley. Serve with warm crusty bread thyme and tomatoes, mix saffron or other random dried fruit. Scrape cation tank for 42 hours before strands with vermouth and wine and into a greased loaf tin, dredge with being sold on to local fish The Anchor Fish Stew add to sweated veg. 1 bulb fennel (sliced) Continue until reduced by 1/2, add crunchy demerara sugar and bake in shops, restaurants and hotels. a moderate oven (140 degrees fan) Helen May 1 Red onion (sliced) cod and Morston mussels, meanwhile 2 garlic cloves grilling sea bass fillets for 3 mins until for a Norfolk Minute. 3 vine tomatoes (roast) crisp skin, simmer liquid until mussels “Oh no” they cry “how long is a Helen May and Jenny Davis Pinch of Saffron are open, finish with chopped parsely Norfolk Minute?” Depends on the are students on City & 50ml Vermouth and top with sea bass fillets. size of your bananas and eggs, the Guilds Level 3 qualification 500ml White Wine fat content of your spread and your in Creative Techniques at Chopped Thyme Anchor Inn, Morston oven. Quite long - about an hour Wells Library with tutor 20 Morston Mussels T: 01263 741392 and a half. Err on the done side, or Julia Rafferty. 200g skinned diced cod Open Everyday say “it’s meant to be squidgy”. To find out more contact 4 sea bass fillets How long was your Norfolk Norfolk Adult Education Food Served Minute? 0344 800 8020 or 0344 800 Method Mon-Sat 9am-3pm and 6-9pm Tweet us on @natsurroundings 8011, or email centraladmin. Sweat fennel and onion and garlic until Sun 12 noon -3pm W: naturalsurroundings.info Johnny Webster Helen May [email protected] soft but not coloured, add chopped (plus 6-9pm during school holidays)