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Grid Modernization: Technological Advancements Beyond Smart Grid John D GE Grid Solutions Grid Modernization: Technological Advancements Beyond Smart Grid John D. McDonald, P.E. Smart Grid Business Development Leader IEEE Life Fellow IEEE PES Substations Committee Chair (2001-2002) IEEE PES President (2006-2007) IEEE Division VII Director (2008-2009) IEEE-SA Board of Governors (2010-2011) IEEE PES Distinguished Lecturer (since 1999) CIGRE USNC VP, Technical Activities IEEE PES Calgary Chapter October 23, 2019 1 Brief Background BSEE (1973), MSEE (Power Engineering) (1974) - Purdue University MBA (Finance) (1978) – University of California-Berkeley 45 years full-time work experience in electric power system automation (i.e., Smart Grid) Worked for four automation system suppliers and 2 international consultants (11 years at GE) Written 100+ papers and articles, co-authored five books 48 years IEEE and IEEE PES membership (IEEE Life Fellow) Teach Smart Grid courses for GE, Georgia Tech and IEEE PES Mentor young professionals; reverse mentored for 3 years Eagle Scout; Atlanta Area Council Boy Scouts of America (AAC BSA) Board Member AAC BSA Explorer Post at GE on STEM (high school boys and girls) Married 39 years, two children, two grandchildren Work out with personal trainer for 9 years; run 5K races regularly 2 Agenda • Key Industry/Societal Trends • Smart Grid Concepts • Holistic Solutions • Integration of Microgrids and Distributed Generation • ADMS Software Applications • Types of Data • Big Data, Analytics and Enterprise Data Management • Smart Grid Standards and Interoperability • Smart Grid Deployments Lessons Learned 3 Key Industry/Societal Trends 4 Key Industry/Societal Trends ✓ Transitioning from Devices/Systems to Holistic Solutions ✓ Success = Technology, Standards, Policy ✓ Grid Flexibility + Self Healing + Reconfigurable ✓ Electrical Power Distribution Infrastructures Resiliency ✓ Big Data, the Cloud and Use of Social Media ✓ Convergence of IT and OT to Support Enterprise Data Management 5 Smart Grid Concepts 6 Grid Modernization => IT/OT Convergence The integration of electrical and information infrastructures, and the incorporation of automation and information technologies with our existing electrical network. Comprehensive solutions that: ✓ Improve the utility’s power reliability, operational performance and overall productivity ✓ Deliver increases in energy efficiencies and decreases in carbon emissions ✓ Empower consumers to manage their energy usage and save money without compromising their lifestyle ✓ Optimize renewable energy integration and enabling broader penetration That deliver meaningful, measurable and sustainable benefits to the utility, Electrical infrastructure the consumer, the economy and the Environment. More Focus on the Distribution System Information infrastructure 7 Enabled A “Smarter” Grid Utility Managers ‘New Applications enabled by Additional Infrastructure’ Management “ Applications” Economic Energy Asset Demand Delivery Dispatch Optimization Optimization Optimization Optimization Enabled Consumers Control “How Power Flows” Gen & Trans Transmission Sensors Dist. Dist. Adv.Metering Mgt. Automation Mgt. Automation System Heavy Metal Old Grid “ Generate & Deliver Power” Smart Grid Adds Thermal Sub Dist Voltage Renewable Generation Lines Stations Equipment Control Generation Old Grid Smart Grid • You call when the power goes out. • Utility knows power is out and usually restores it automatically. • Utility pays whatever it takes to meet peak demand. • Utility suppresses demand at peak. Lowers cost. Reduces CAPEX. • Difficult to manage high Wind and Solar penetration • No problem with higher wind and solar penetration. • Cannot manage distributed generation safely. • Can manage distributed generation safely. • ~10% power loss in T&D • Power Loss reduced by 2+%… lowers emissions & customer bills. 8 Holistic Solutions 9 Smart Grid Holistic Solutions Shared Services & applications Smart Meter Workforce & Demand Distribution Transmission Engineering Asset & Optimization Optimization Optimization Optimization Design Comms Optimization Interoperability Framework Transitioning from products/systems to holistic solutions 10 Optimized Solutions Smart Grid Technology Roadmap Smart Meter Systems Demand Office Internet Distributed Energy Resource Manager Distribution Security Biz Design Mobile Transmission Asset Apps Tools FDIR IVVC OFR DPA DR WAMS Mgr Hist Services Asset Workforce & Engr Design Operations Bus – Software Services Infrastructure Enterprise Software Services Infra Firewall EMS DMS OMS GIS FFA NMS Data MDMS Mobile Model Consumers Communications Internet Real-Time Communications Router Infrastructure Backhaul Smart Gateway Backhaul Comms Grid Base Comms Devices Smart Meter Gen & HAN HAN Store Backhaul Substations Residential, Comms Commercial & Industrial Smart Router Station Apps Controller Switches & Volt/VAR Utility Local Protection Transformer Volt Reg, Breakers Devices Owned HMI Relays M&D LTC, Caps Smart Smart Smart Router Router Router Wired/Wireless Substation Communications Microgrid Generation Other Reclosers & Volt Reg Generation PMU Controller & Storage IEDs & I/O Switches & Caps & Storage 11 Smart Meters/AMI Integration with GIS, OMS and DMS Smart Meters/AMI • Meter Readings • Voltage => DMS • Last Gasp Communication => OMS GIS • Network Model Information => OMS, DMS DMS • Status Changes => OMS Customers • Phone Calls => OMS • Social Media => OMS 12 Example: Utility Deployment Plan Estimated $3.5B in investment in 9 programs through 2020 Customer Empowerment Workforce Renewable Development Growth Integrated & Electric Cross- Vehicle cutting Systems SMART Growth GRID SG RD&D Security Operational Reliability & Efficiency Safety 13 Integration of Microgrids and Distributed Generation 14 Distributed Generation Industry Challenge A wide array of DG is creating unique challenges in the grid: two-way power flow, voltage regulation concerns. Power Generation Transmission Distribution End User Generation Switchyard Substation Substation Distribution controls and protection traditionally take advantage of and are designed only for uni-directional power flow 15 Distributed Generation Industry Challenge Open circuit over- voltage due to unintentional islanding Protection ratings not matched to fault 1.05 1.05 currents 1.04 V 1.03 Varying Fault Currents (pu) due to DG 1.02 Feeder Voltage (pu) Voltage Feeder 1.01 1.00 Stress on Voltage 1.00 24 hours 7:00 AM 11:00 AM 3:00 PM 7:00 PM Regulation equipment Hour 16 Distributed Generation Integration Technology Solution Optimal dispatch of complex energy resources U90 Microgrid Controller Smart control system to optimize and manage generators, energy storage and loads featuring: • Optimal Dispatch • Supervisory Controls • Islanding/Tie-Line Controls 17 GE’s Advanced Microgrid Control System PIDC’s Philadelphia Navy Yard PIDC (Philadelphia Industrial Development Corporation) - Overview • Rapid Growth • Vintage 1930s – 2 primary substations • PJM → PECO → 13.2 KV Supply • Current - 25 MW Peak Load • Ambition of 10+ MW DER with 50+ MW Peak CRESCENT 3 Customer Ranking 2010-2011 (Usage) 2% PHILA SHIP OTHER REPAIR 12% 4% NAVY US 33% MARITIME 6% URBAN OUTFITTERS 7% AKER 18% APPTECH 7% TASTYKAKE 11% 18 GE’s Advanced Microgrid Control System Philadelphia Navy Yard 1 Manned Microgrid Control Center DMS/DSCADA PNNL Application System GridLAB-D Logic 5. Operating Plan Scenario Study & DG 2 Monitoring Supervisory Microgrid 6. Grid Resilience - Control System DOTS-GridLAB-D Simulation Study 3 Unmanned Microgrid Substation Microgrid ANSI / IEEE1547 Automation Control Based System 1. Islanding 2. Synchronization Multi-Function Gateway 3. Volt-Freq. Mgmt 4. Protection 19 Distributed Generation Integration Technology Solutions Optimize conventional generation dispatch • Leverage production forecasting in Reserve req optimal dispatch min Wind Power Change (MW) Change Power Wind min min Wind Power Change (MW) Change Power Wind min - - 10 • Intelligent unit commitment and use 10 of reserves Wind power production (MW) Wind power production (MW) Compensate for variability when needed • Use of fast-start thermal generation • Bridging storage (if needed) • Demand response FlexEfficiency 60 GEMx Battery Leverage full capabilities of the renewables 100 • Fault ride-through 80 60 Freq. Droop • Volt/VAr regulation 40 Power • Ramp-rate controls Ramp Rate Power 20 • Curtailment 0 Time 47 48 49 50 51 52 • Inertial response Frequency 20 Grid Edge Controllers and Microgrids Edge of grid transforming into Microgrids 21 Impact of High Penetration of Rooftop Solar PV on the Distribution System New Applications of Power Electronics (my Power Electronics magazine article – August 22, 2013 issue) • Substation Transformer On-line Tap Changer • Low Voltage Network Dynamic Grid Edge Controllers • Increased capability from Inverters The Death Spiral (Intelligent Utility magazine article – November /December 2013 issue) • Impact of High Penetration of Rooftop Solar PV in the State of Queensland, Australia 22 Lessons Learned… Impediments • Lack of transmission System cost • Unserved Energy • Lack of control area cooperation • RPS miss • Inflexibility due to market rules and • Higher COE contracts • Higher Emission • Unobservable DGs – behind the fence • Higher O&M • Inflexible operation strategies during light load & high risk periods Enablers Impediments • Forecasting • Thermal fleet – Higher quick starts – Deeper turn-down – Faster ramps System Cost System Enablers • More spatial diversity • Renewable + DG + Demand A/S • Grid-friendly renewables Renewables
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