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Report to NIST on the Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Roadmap 1

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Report to NIST on the Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Roadmap 1 Please Read: About This Document—Report to NIST on the Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Roadmap 1 Under the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…” [EISA Title XIII, Section 1305] In early 2009, responding to President Obama’s energy-related national priorities, NIST acted to accelerate progress and promote stakeholder consensus on Smart Grid interoperability standards. On April 13, NIST announced a three-phase plan to expedite development of key standards. This document is input into the first phase: engaging utilities, equipment suppliers, consumers, standards developers and other stakeholders in a participatory public process to identify applicable Smart Grid interoperability standards, gaps in currently available standards and priorities for new standardization activities. NIST awarded the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) a contract to engage Smart Grid stakeholders and develop a draft interim standards roadmap; NIST will use this document as a starting point in developing a NIST interim “roadmap” for Smart Grid interoperability standards. EPRI technical experts compiled and distilled stakeholder inputs, including technical contributions made at two EPRI-facilitated, two-day, public workshops. Other inputs include the accomplishments of six domain expert working groups established by NIST in 2008, and the cybersecurity coordination task group established in 2009. To date, hundreds of people have participated in the roadmapping process. This document contains material gathered and refined by the contractor using its technical expertise. This deliverable is not a formally reviewed and approved NIST publication. Rather, it is one of many inputs into the ongoing NIST-coordinated roadmapping process. NIST is now reviewing EPRI’s synthesis of stakeholder inputs received through the end of May 2009, as presented in this document. In addition, NIST is inviting public comment on the EPRI deliverable. A request for comments will be issued in the Federal Register. Comments can be submitted electronically to [email protected] or 1 Deliverable (7) to the National Institute of Standards and Technology under the terms of Contract No. SB1341-09-CN-0031 by mail to: George Arnold, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8100, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8100. Along with this EPRI deliverable, NIST will review the comments received. By early fall, NIST intends to issue its Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Roadmap, which will set priorities for interoperability and cybersecurity requirements, identify an initial set of standards to support early implementation, and list plans to meet remaining standards needs. For more information, go to: http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/ Report to NIST on the Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Roadmap (Contract No. SB1341-09-CN-0031—Deliverable 7) This document contains material gathered and refined by the Electric Power Research Institute using its technical expertise. It has been submitted as a deliverable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology under the terms of Contract No. SB1341-09-CN-0031. June 17, 2009 Prepared by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) EPRI Project Manager Don Von Dollen DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES THIS DOCUMENT WAS PREPARED BY THE ORGANIZATION(S) NAMED BELOW AS AN ACCOUNT OF WORK PERFORMED BY THE ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC. (EPRI). NEITHER EPRI, ANY MEMBER OF EPRI, NOR ANY PERSON ACTING ON BEHALF OF EPRI: (A) MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, (I) WITH RESPECT TO THE USE OF ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR (II) THAT SUCH USE DOES NOT INFRINGE ON OR INTERFERE WITH PRIVATELY OWNED RIGHTS, INCLUDING ANY PARTY'S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, OR (III) THAT THIS DOCUMENT IS SUITABLE TO ANY PARTICULAR USER'S CIRCUMSTANCE; OR (B) ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING ANY CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF EPRI OR ANY EPRI REPRESENTATIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES) RESULTING FROM YOUR SELECTION OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS DOCUMENT. ORGANIZATIONS THAT PREPARED THIS DOCUMENT Cimetrics, Inc. Cox Software Architects LLC EnerNex Corporation Hypertek, Inc. Utility Consulting International UTInnovation, LLC Xanthus Consulting International ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Draft Interim Roadmap is the result of a collaborative effort by a group of industry experts. The Project Team is comprised of: EPRI UTInnovation, LLC Sunil Chhaya Christoph Brunner Stephanie Hamilton Marco Janssen Joe Hughes Alex Apostolov Erfan Ibrahim, Ph.D. Tom Key Utility Consulting International Arindam Maitra Nokhum Markushevich Mark McGranaghan Paul Myrda Additiontional Contributors Brian Seal Ron Ambrosio, IBM Don Von Dollen Jeff Gooding, Southern California Edison Dave Hardin, Invensys EnerNex Corporation Doug Houseman, Capgemini Bobby Brown Chris Knudsen, Pacific Gas & Electric Co. Grant Gilchrist Wayne Longcore, Consumers Energy Erich Gunther Jeremy McDonald, Southern California Edison Stuart McCafferty Terry Mohn, Sempra Utilities William Moncrief Robby Simpson, Ph.D, GE Bruce Muschlitz Ron Melton, Pacific Northwest National Brad Singletary Laboratory Aaron Snyder, Ph.D. Hypertek, Inc. Marty Burns, Ph.D. Xanthus Consulting International Frances Cleveland Cox Software Architects LLC William Cox, Ph.D. TC9 Consulting Toby Considine Cimetrics, Inc. James Butler James Lee iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY President Obama has made a smart electrical grid a key element of his plan to lower energy costs for consumers, achieve energy independence and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A smart grid would employ real-time, two-way communication technologies to allow users to connect directly with power suppliers. The development of the grid will create jobs and spur the development of innovative products that can be exported. The electricity grid can only get so smart without a framework for interoperability. This framework will identify a suite of standards that enable the integration of diverse technologies. The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 gave the U. S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) the “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…” This report provides an Interim Roadmap for the development of the Interoperability Framework. It describes the current status, issues, and priorities for interoperability standards development and harmonization. The report also describes the high-level architecture for the smart grid including a conceptual model, architectural principles and methods and cyber security strategies. A broad range of stakeholders were engaged in the development of this Interim Roadmap. Over 1000 stakeholders participated in two workshops to achieve consensus on the critical standards and standards development activities needed for the Smart grid. In section 1, this report provides a general overview of this project. In section 2, this report summarizes the efforts to date to define the smart grid and describes the ongoing governance process that will be required to develop the smart grid. Section 3 defines a conceptual model for thinking about the smart grid and its implementation. It discusses the architectural principles that will enable the smart grid to support new technologies and support new business models. One can best understand interactions between the domains through looking closely at key cross- cutting applications. Section 4 of this report introduces the applications Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI), Demand Response (DR), Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEV), Cyber Security, Wide Area Situation Awareness (WASA), Market Communications, and Distributed Generation and Energy Storage (DG). iv Section 5 discusses the security requirements of the smart grid. As the smart grid relies on business interactions as much as it does upon the physical processes of delivering electricity, security for the smart grid must consider interference or disruption of business communications as much as it does disruption of the delivery of electricity. Matters of identity and authorization are paramount, as are privacy and appropriate access concerns for handling personal information of customers. Section 6 presents the near-term actions that NIST can take in advancing the Interoperability Framework. The highest priority actions include: • Developing a common semantic model - NIST should work with the appropriate standards development organizations to form a common representation of information models for the smart grid • Developing a common pricing model standard - NIST should work with the relevant standards development organizations to develop an approach for developing a common pricing model to traverse the entire value chain. • Developing a common semantic model for advanced metering, demand response and electric transportation – NIST should coordinate
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