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Hindutva and Anti-Muslim Communal Violence in India Under the Bharatiya Janata Party (1990-2010) Elaisha Nandrajog Claremont Mckenna College
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2010 Hindutva and Anti-Muslim Communal Violence in India Under the Bharatiya Janata Party (1990-2010) Elaisha Nandrajog Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Nandrajog, Elaisha, "Hindutva and Anti-Muslim Communal Violence in India Under the Bharatiya Janata Party (1990-2010)" (2010). CMC Senior Theses. Paper 219. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/219 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLAREMONT McKENNA COLLEGE HINDUTVA AND ANTI-MUSLIM COMMUNAL VIOLENCE IN INDIA UNDER THE BHARATIYA JANATA PARTY (1990-2010) SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR RODERIC CAMP AND PROFESSOR GASTÓN ESPINOSA AND DEAN GREGORY HESS BY ELAISHA NANDRAJOG FOR SENIOR THESIS (Spring 2010) APRIL 26, 2010 2 CONTENTS Preface 02 List of Abbreviations 03 Timeline 04 Introduction 07 Chapter 1 13 Origins of Hindutva Chapter 2 41 Setting the Stage: Precursors to the Bharatiya Janata Party Chapter 3 60 Bharat : The India of the Bharatiya Janata Party Chapter 4 97 Mosque or Temple? The Babri Masjid-Ramjanmabhoomi Dispute Chapter 5 122 Modi and his Muslims: The Gujarat Carnage Chapter 6 151 Legalizing Communalism: Prevention of Terrorist Activities Act (2002) Conclusion 166 Appendix 180 Glossary 185 Bibliography 188 3 PREFACE This thesis assesses the manner in which India’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has emerged as the political face of Hindutva, or Hindu ethno-cultural nationalism. The insights of scholars like Christophe Jaffrelot, Ashish Nandy, Thomas Blom Hansen, Ram Puniyani, Badri Narayan, and Chetan Bhatt have been instrumental in furthering my understanding of the manifold elements of Hindutva ideology. -
The Bengal Famine of 1943: Misfortune Or Imperial Schema
cognizancejournal.com Dr. S D Choudhury, Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.1, Issue.5, May 2021, pg. 15-21 ISSN: 0976-7797 The Bengal Famine of 1943: Misfortune or Imperial Schema Dr. S D Choudhury Associate Professor, Department of History, J N College, India [email protected] DOI: 10.47760/cognizance.2021.v01i05.002 Abstract— Bengal famine resulted from food scarcity caused by large-scale exports of food from India for use in the war theatres and consumption in Britain. India exported more than 70,000 tonnes of rice between January and July 1943, even as the famine set in. This would have kept nearly 400,000 people alive for an entire year. Churchill turned down fervent pleas to export food to India, citing a shortage of ships - this when shiploads of Australian wheat, for example, would pass by India to be stored for future consumption in Europe. As imports dropped, prices shot up, and hoarders made a killing. Mr Churchill also pushed a scorched earth policy - which went by the sinister name of Denial Policy - in coastal Bengal, where the colonisers feared the Japanese would land. So, authorities removed boats (the region's lifeline), and the police destroyed and seized rice stocks. During the 1873-'74 famine, the Bengal lieutenant governor, Richard Temple, saved many lives by importing and distributing food. But the British government criticised him and dropped his policies during the drought of 1943, leading to countless fatalities. Keywords— Bengal, British, Churchill, famine, drought, peasants, starvation "I hate Indians. They are beastly people with a beastly religion. -
List of Unpaid Unclaimed Dividend for FY 2014-15.Xlsx
Pearl Global Industries Limited List ot unpaid/unclaimed dividend as on 07.01.2016 for FY 2014-15 Proposed Date of Amount Due Name Father/Husb Name Address Country State District PINCode Folio Number of Security Investment Type Transfer to IEPF (in Rs.) (DD-MON-YYYY) C/O V C VENKATRAMAN 303 SOMWAR Amount for unclaimed and A M RAJAPURKAR MANOHAR PETH PUNE 411011 INDIA Maharashtra 411011 PEAR0000000000001667 unpaid dividend 1498.50 19-Nov-2022 448 AMAR NIVAS SEVENTH CROSS SIXTH Amount for unclaimed and A N GOSWAMI SATISH CHANDRA MAIN MICO LAYOUT BANGALORE 560076 INDIA Karnataka 560076 PEAR0000000000000488 unpaid dividend 148.50 19-Nov-2022 NO 32 I B MAIN BINNY LAYOUT VIJAYA Amount for unclaimed and A R SRINIVASA PRASANNA RAMA CHANDRA RAO A NAGAR BANGALORE 560040 INDIA Karnataka 560040 PEAR0000000000001756 unpaid dividend 148.50 19-Nov-2022 14 AMAN E GULISTAN SOCY OPP MEMON HALL MAKTAMPURA SARKHEJ ROAD Amount for unclaimed and A RAZAK S MEMON SULEMAN U MEMON AHMEDABAD 380055 INDIA Gujarat 380055 PEAR0000000000000831 unpaid dividend 148.50 19-Nov-2022 BOHARA NURSING HOME BHUDHANA Amount for unclaimed and A S BOHARA K S BOHARA ROAD SHAMLI 247776 INDIA Uttar Pradesh 247776 PEAR0000000000001692 unpaid dividend 148.50 19-Nov-2022 Amount for unclaimed and A SARAVANABABU ARUNACHALAM DOOR NO.64, V.V.C.R LAYOUT, ERODE INDIA Tamil Nadu 638001 PEAR1202980000125331 unpaid dividend 22.50 19-Nov-2022 NO D-149 8TH CROSS ST MAHARAJA NAGAR Amount for unclaimed and A SUSAI MICHAEL S ARULAPPAN TIRUNELVELI INDIA Tamil Nadu 627011 PEARIN30039415886174 unpaid -
Parliamentary Documentation Vol. XXXV (16-30 November, 2009) No.22
Parliamentary Documentation Vol. XXXV (16-30 November, 2009) No.22 AGRICULTURE -(INDIA) 1 THAKURIA, Ramani Kant Monkey menace in agriculture. ASSAM TRIBUNE (GUWAHATI), 2009(22.11.2009) Calls for a policy to counter the problem of monkey menace in agriculture in various parts of Assam. ** Agriculture-(India). -AGRICULTURAL POLICY-(INDIA) 2 NAYYAR, Dhiraj Green shoots of change. INDIAN EXPRESS (NEW DELHI), 2009(23.11.2009) Emphasises the need to bring reform in India's farm sector. ** Agriculture-Agricultural Policy-(India). -FORESTS AND FORESTRY 3 FRIEDMAN, Thomas L Save tropical forests, fight climate change. DECCAN CHRONICLE (HYDERABAD), 2009(16.11.2009) ** Agriculture-Forests and Forestry. -LAND AND LAND REFORMS-LAND ACQUISITION 4 ANTONY, M J Punishing the farmer. BUSINESS STANDARD (NEW DELHI), 2009(25.11.2009) Throws light on the legal hurdles faced by farmers whose land has been acquired by the Government under Land Acquisition Act. ** Agriculture-Land and Land Reforms-Land Acquisition. -OIL AND FATS 5 REDDY, A Amarender Policy options for India's edible oil complex. ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL WEEKLY (MUMBAI), 54(No41&42), 2009 (10/17.10.2009): P. 22-24 Contemplates that India needs a long-term edible oil policy to improve competitiveness by bridging the existing technology and yield gaps. ** Agriculture-Oil and Fats. ** - Keywords 1 BIOGRAPHIES -POLITICAL LEADERS-PANT, GOVIND BALLABH 6 DEEPAK SINGH Bharat Ratna Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant on his 122nd birth anniversary. INDIAN OBSERVER (NEW DELHI), V.49(No.18), 2009(1 6.9.2009): P. 26-28 ** Biographies-Political Leaders-PANT, Govind Ballabh. COMMERCE -INTERNATIONAL TRADE-ASIA 7 SINHA, Janmejaya Responsibility of Asia's rise. -
Hungry Bengal: War, Famine, Riots, and the End of Empire 1939-1946
Hungry Bengal: War, Famine, Riots, and the End of Empire 1939-1946 By Janam Mukherjee A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology and History) In the University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor Barbara D. Metcalf, Chair Emeritus Professor David W. Cohen Associate Professor Stuart Kirsch Associate Professor Christi Merrill 1 "Unknown to me the wounds of the famine of 1943, the barbarities of war, the horror of the communal riots of 1946 were impinging on my style and engraving themselves on it, till there came a time when whatever I did, whether it was chiseling a piece of wood, or burning metal with acid to create a gaping hole, or cutting and tearing with no premeditated design, it would throw up innumerable wounds, bodying forth a single theme - the figures of the deprived, the destitute and the abandoned converging on us from all directions. The first chalk marks of famine that had passed from the fingers to engrave themselves on the heart persist indelibly." 2 Somnath Hore 1 Somnath Hore. "The Holocaust." Sculpture. Indian Writing, October 3, 2006. Web (http://indianwriting.blogsome.com/2006/10/03/somnath-hore/) accessed 04/19/2011. 2 Quoted in N. Sarkar, p. 32 © Janam S. Mukherjee 2011 To my father ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank first and foremost my father, Dr. Kalinath Mukherjee, without whom this work would not have been written. This project began, in fact, as a collaborative effort, which is how it also comes to conclusion. His always gentle, thoughtful and brilliant spirit has been guiding this work since his death in May of 2002 - and this is still our work. -
Breathing Life Into the Constitution
Breathing Life into the Constitution Human Rights Lawyering In India Arvind Narrain | Saumya Uma Alternative Law Forum Bengaluru Breathing Life into the Constitution Human Rights Lawyering In India Arvind Narrain | Saumya Uma Alternative Law Forum Bengaluru Breathing Life into the Constitution Human Rights Lawyering in India Arvind Narrain | Saumya Uma Edition: January 2017 Published by: Alternative Law Forum 122/4 Infantry Road, Bengaluru - 560001. Karnataka, India. Design by: Vinay C About the Authors: Arvind Narrain is a founding member of the Alternative Law Forum in Bangalore, a collective of lawyers who work on a critical practise of law. He has worked on human rights issues including mass crimes, communal conflict, LGBT rights and human rights history. Saumya Uma has 22 years’ experience as a lawyer, law researcher, writer, campaigner, trainer and activist on gender, law and human rights. Cover page images copied from multiple news articles. All copyrights acknowledged. Any part of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted as necessary. The authors only assert the right to be identified wtih the reproduced version. “I am not a religious person but the only sin I believe in is the sin of cynicism.” Parvez Imroz, Jammu and Kashmir Civil Society Coalition (JKCSS), on being told that nothing would change with respect to the human rights situation in Kashmir Dedication This book is dedicated to remembering the courageous work of human rights lawyers, Jalil Andrabi (1954-1996), Shahid Azmi (1977-2010), K. Balagopal (1952-2009), K.G. Kannabiran (1929-2010), Gobinda Mukhoty (1927-1995), T. Purushotham – (killed in 2000), Japa Lakshma Reddy (killed in 1992), P.A. -
16-31 December, 2009) No.24
Parliamentary Documentation Vol. XXXV (16-31 December, 2009) No.24 AGRICULTURE 1 SARMAH, Moon Moon Dynamics of agriculture. ASSAM TRIBUNE (GUWAHATI), 2009(29.12.2009) ** Agriculture. -AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES-SUGARCANE 2 BHANDARI, Bhupesh How fair is 'fair' sugarcane price? BUSINESS STANDARD (NEW DELHI), 2009(18.12.2009) ** Agriculture-Agricultural Commodities-Sugarcane. -AGRICULTURAL TRADE 3 GULATI, Ashok and GANGULY, Kavery Reform markets to tame food prices. ECONOMIC TIMES (NEW DELHI), 2009(18.12.2009) Emphasises the need to bring reforms in agri-marketing through imports and cutting taxes on foods. ** Agriculture-Agricultural Trade. -ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 4 SAHARIA, Kamala Kanta Need for quality milk. ASSAM TRIBUNE (GUWAHATI), 2009(18.12.2009) ** Agriculture-Animal Husbandry. -FORESTS AND FORESTRY-DEFORESTATION 5 BALJEET KUMAR Once lush forests disappearing in Munger. PIONEER (NEW DELHI), 2009(23.12.2009) Expresses concern over illegal cutting of forest wood in Munger district of Bihar. ** Agriculture-Forests and Forestry-Deforestation. -LAND AND LAND REFORMS-LAND ACQUISITION 6 COTULA, Lorenzo and VERMEULEN, Sonja Deal or no deal: Outlook for agricultural land investment in Africa. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS (OXFORD), V.85(No.6), 2009(Nov): P.1233-1247 Sparks an international debate over the acquisition of ** - Keywords 1 -LAND AND LAND REFORMS-LAND ACQUISITION agricultural land in Africa by several countries. ** Agriculture-Land and Land Reforms-Land Acquisition. BIOGRAPHIES -FREEDOM FIGHTERS-GANDHI, MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND 7 DAS, Sudhanshu R Mahatma Gandhi's economic model. ASSAM TRIBUNE (GUWAHATI), 2009(28.12.2009) ** Biographies-Freedom Fighters-GANDHI, Mohandas Karamchand. -PROMINENT PERSONS-BOSE, JAGDISH CHANDRA 8 DOGRA, Bharat From high ideals to low creed. STATESMAN (NEW DELHI), 2009(22.12.2009) Opines that only by keeping the ideals of Jagdish Chandra Bose we can save plant science education alive in India. -
Jan 2011.Qxd
JANUARY SPECIAL ISSUE VOL. 8 NO. 3 JANUARY 2011 www.civilsocietyonline.com `50 iiidddeeeaaasss FFFOOORRR TTTHHHeee NNNeeeWWW dddeeeCCCaaadddeee ARUNA RoY | m.S. SwAmINAthAN vIJAY mAhAJAN | ARUN mAIRA DILEEP RANJEkAR ChANDRASEkhAR hARIhARAN DARShAN ShANkAR | v. RAvIChANDAR vINAYAk ChAttERJEE Rob SINCLAIR & ANNUSkA PERkINS ‘to save tHe delHi garbage plan is trasH Pages 6-7 ganga tHink eco-systems’ farmers on organic mission P ages 10-11 Dhrubajyoti Ghosh talks of a landscape management plan to 10 ways to employ disabled Page 13 curb river pollution Page 9 anuja’s book is movie magic Pages 35-36 CONTENTs IDEAS FOR THE NEW DECADE Time to look within Rita and Umesh Anand . .16-17 READ U S. WE READ YO U. Citizens as auditors Aruna Roy . .18-19 Money can fly Vijay Mahajan . .20-21 Our monk and Transform capitalism Arun Maira . .21-22 other friends Seeds of the future s the decade ends with scams and scandals leaving their scars on our M.S. Swaminathan . .23 key institutions, there is a need to look within and think ahead. The amonk on the cover of this issue has been a companion for several Smarter govt schools years, appearing regularly in our cartoon on Page 5 and in our annual cal - endar. He has, in his funny way, inspired us to see the bigger picture. so Dileep Ranjekar . .24-25 have many individuals and groups across India, who, with their ideals and missions, live in the hope of building a modern, just and competitive Green equals hi-tech country. Chandrasekhar Hariharan . .26-27 some of them have, at our request for this special January issue, invest - ed time and effort in writing about what they consider to be important Plants for health and wealth ideas for the new decade. -
Churchill's Dark Side
Degree Programme: Politics with a Minor (EUUB03) Churchill’s Dark Side To What Extent did Winston Churchill have a Dark Side from 1942-1945? Abstract 1 Winston Churchill is considered to be ‘one of history's greatest leaders; without his 1 leadership, the outcome of World War II may have been completely different’0F . This received view has dominated research, subsequently causing the suppression of Churchill’s critical historical revisionist perspective. This dissertation will explore the boundaries of the revisionist perspective, whilst the aim is, simultaneously, to assess and explain the extent Churchill had a ‘dark side’ from 1942-1945. To discover this dark side, frameworks will be applied, in addition to rational and irrational choice theory. Here, as part of the review, the validity of rational choice theory will be questioned; namely, are all actions rational? Hence this research will construct another viewpoint, that is irrational choice theory. Irrational choice theory stipulates that when the rational self-utility maximisation calculation is not completed correctly, actions can be labelled as irrational. Specifically, the evaluation of the theories will determine the legitimacy of Churchill’s dark actions. Additionally, the dark side will be 2 3 assessed utilising frameworks taken from Furnham et al1F , Hogan2F and Paulhus & 4 Williams’s dark triad3F ; these bring depth when analysing the presence of a dark side; here, the Bengal Famine (1943), Percentage Agreement (1944) and Operation 1 Matthew Gibson and Robert J. Weber, "Applying Leadership Qualities Of Great People To Your Department: Sir Winston Churchill", Hospital Pharmacy 50, no. 1 (2015): 78, doi:10.1310/hpj5001-78. -
SRNO FOLIO NO NAME Shares As on March 31, 2017 1 0000019 K VISWANATHAN 20 2 0000231 BHARAT MULCHAND CHOKSEY 212 3 0000234 PRAN K
GOODYEAR INDIA LIMITED Registered Office: Mathura Road, Ballabgarh (Dist. Faridabad) - 121 004, Haryana, Corporate Office: 1st Floor, ABW Elegance Tower, Plot no. 8, Commercial Centre Jasola – 110 025, New Delhi, India CIN: L25111HR1961PLC008578 Email – [email protected],Website –www.goodyear.co.in Details of Shareholders and Equity Shares due for transfer to IEPF Suspense Account in respect of which Dividends have been unpaid/unclaimed since financial year ended December 31, 2008 Shares as on SRNO FOLIO_NO NAME March 31, 2017 1 0000019 K VISWANATHAN 20 2 0000231 BHARAT MULCHAND CHOKSEY 212 3 0000234 PRAN KRISHANA MUKHERJEE 20 4 0000258 ULLAL VARADARAJA NAYAK 64 5 0000271 SACHINDRA NATH BASU 578 6 0000490 RAJENDRA KISHORE BAIJAL 2 7 0000623 KUNDAN LAL KOHLI 318 8 0000702 JAGDISH PRASHAD PANNALAL AND CO PVT LTD 190 9 0000716 CLIVE STREET NOMINEES PVT LTD 176 10 0000750 MOTI LOKUMAL JHANGIANI 70 11 0000759 BANTVAL SIVA RAO 560 12 0000800 MOHINDRA NATH 145 13 0000829 MOHAN LAL LATH 36 14 0000916 AMAR KRISHNA PODDER 26 15 0001010 PRAPHULLA KUMAR SEN 286 16 0001059 SOHAN LAL BERRY 2 17 0001091 SITA BHAGAT 10 18 0001106 SATYA PAL 22 19 0001218 BABOO HAYATH SAHAB 140 20 0001260 JETHALAL GOKALDAS UDESHI 9 21 0001273 SURATH CHANDRA ROY 72 22 0001274 VIDYA PRAKASH SARNA 78 23 0001297 KISHORI LAL AGARWALA 56 24 0001319 NIHAL DEVI AHUJA 8 25 0001349 HIRA LAL ARORA 56 26 0001351 ROSHAN LAL ARORA 28 27 0001358 JANAK AWASTI 46 28 0001359 GULAMALI MOHMED BABVANI 18 29 0001369 NANAK CHAND RAI BAHADUR 144 30 0001454 SATHANALA BHULOKAMU -
Babri Masjid Verdict
Babri Masjid Verdict Why in news? The Supreme Court said that none of the 32 surviving accused of the Babri Masjid demolition case was found guilty. What is the story behind? The mosque was brought down in 1992 to build a Ram temple. In 2019, the Supreme Court handed over the empty site to those who wanted the mosque brought down. However, it recognised the demolition as an egregious violation of the rule of law. This gave rise to hope that the ends of justice would be served by the punishment of those who mobilised the vandals. But now, the SC said that none of the accused was found guilty. What did the trial court find? The trial court has given judicial legitimation to the ‘Ram Janmabhoomi movement’ by acquitting all those indicted for conspiracy to bring down the structure. The court found that the demolition was not planned in advance. This finding flies in the face of the entry of several volunteers into Ayodhya that day armed with implements to bring down the structure. The movement was headed by L.K. Advani, Murli Manohar Joshi and Uma Bharti among others. The proponents of the movement had positioned themselves in vantage points to witness the occasion and celebrated with pride. What were the evidences? In this case, there were sufficient evidence about the political mobilisation and the purported intent to assemble on that day. The court had with it evidence that there was studied inaction from the State, whose Chief Minister (CM) was one of the accused. The court had with it evidence that the unambiguous and open threats to the structure voiced by many of the movement’s protagonists. -
PWP No 6 Human Rights Pluralism Civil Society
PLURALISM WORKING PAPER | 2010 / NO 6 HUMAN RIGHTS, PLURALISM AND CIVIL SOCIETY Reflecting on contemporary challenges in India SITHARAMAM KAKARALA Colophon First published in September 2010 by the Promoting Pluralism Knowledge Programme, jointly coordinated by: Humanist Institute for Co-operation with Developing Countries P.O. Box 85565 | 2508 CG The Hague |The Netherlands www.hivos.net The Kosmopolis Institute (University for Humanistics) P.O. Box 797 | 3500 AT Utrecht | The Netherlands http://kosmopolis.uvh.nl Center for Religious & Cross-Cultural Studies (Gadjah Mada Graduate School) Jl. Teknika Utara | Pogung | Yogyakarta Indonesia 55281 | Indonesia www.crcs.ugm.ac.id Centre for the Study of Culture and Society 827, 29 th Main | Poornaprajna Layout | Uttarahalli | Bangalore – 560061| India www.cscsarchive.org Cross Cultural Foundation of Uganda P.O. Box 25517 | Kampala | Uganda www.crossculturalfoundation.or.ug Editing by Caroline Suransky, Hilde van ‘t Klooster and Ute Seela (Kosmopolis Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands and Hivos, The Hague, The Netherlands) Design by Tangerine – design communicatie advies, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ISSN 1879-7172 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Netherlands License. References to the working paper series should be cited as: Author(s) (year). ‘Title’, Pluralism Working Paper series. Paper no. 2 | Human Rights, Pluralism and Civil Society Pluralism Working Paper no 6 | 2010 Human Rights, Pluralism and Civil Society Reflecting on contemporary challenges in India Sitharamam Kakarala 3 | Human Rights, Pluralism and Civil Society Pluralism Working Paper no 6 | 2010 Pluralism Working Paper no 6 Title Human Rights, Pluralism and Civil Society Reflecting on contemporary challenges in India Author Prof.