Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for January 2019

Public Disclosure Authorized Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY

NEKEMTE-BURE ROAD UPGRADING PROJECT, UNDER AN OUTPUT AND PERFORMANCE BASED ROAD CONTRACT (OPRC) [DESIGN-BUILD-MAINTAIN] Public Disclosure Authorized RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) FOR MILESTONE-

Lot 3: Agamsa -Bure (84.55 km)

Public Disclosure Authorized

Feburary,2019

Public Disclosure Authorized

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) i Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for January 2019 Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Contents I LIST OF FIGURES ...... VI II LIST OF TABLES ...... VI III ABREVIATION AND ACRONOMY ...... VII IV. DEFINITION OF TERMS ...... IX V. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... X

A. INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE ...... X B. METHODOLOGY ...... X C. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PROJECT AREA ...... X D. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... XI E. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA ...... XI F. INSTITUTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE RAP ...... XII G. MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF THE RAP PROCESS ...... XII H. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... XIII I. STAKEHOLDER AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... XIII J. IDENTIFIED ADVERSE IMPACTS ...... XIII K. RAP IMPLEMENTATION COST/ BUDGET ...... XIV 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE ...... 1 1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 1 1.3 SCOPE ...... 3 1.4 METHODOLOGY ...... 3 2 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK...... 5

2.1 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA ...... 5 2.2 RELEVANT POLICIES AND LEGISLATION ...... 6 2.2.1 Proclamation No.455/2005 on Payment of Compensation ...... 6 2.2.2 Proclamation No 456/2005 on Rural Land Administration and Land Use ...... 6 2.2.3 ERA’s Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework ...... 7 2.2.4 Regional Policy ...... 7 2.2.5 World Bank Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement [OP 4.12]...... 8 2.2.6 Gaps between Ethiopian Legislation and WB Policies ...... 8 2.3 ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND PROJECT ENTITLEMENT ...... 15 3 . STAKEHOLDER AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 24

3.1 OBJECTIVE OF STAKEHOLDERS’ AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 24 3.2 PARTICIPANTS OF THE CONSULTATION MEETINGS ...... 24 3.3 MAJOR AGENDAS OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETINGS ...... 26 3.4 OUTCOME OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ...... 27 3.5 SUBSEQUENT PLANS FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 28 4 HIV/AIDS, GBV AND LABOR INFLUX PREVENTION AND PROTECTION PROGRAMS ...... 30 4.1 HIV/AIDS ...... 30 4.1.1 Prevention Strategies to Mitigate Adverse Social Impacts ...... 30

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) ii Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for January 2019 Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

4.1.2 Awareness Creation Campaign (ACC) ...... 30 4.1.3 Condom Promotion and Distribution ...... 31 4.1.4 Information, Education and Communication Distribution (IEC/BCC) ...... 33 4.1.5 Promote and provide voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) ...... 34 4.1.6 Conclusion ...... 35 4.2 GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE (GBV) ...... 35 4.2.1 Risk Level ...... 35 4.2.2 Mitigation Measures ...... 35 4.2.3 Code of Conduct ...... 36 4.3 LABOR INFLUX ...... 36 4.3.1 Reduce labor influx by tapping into the local workforce...... 37 4.3.2 Assess and manage labor influx risk based on appropriate instruments...... 37 4.3.3 Incorporate social and environmental mitigation measures into the works contract...... 37 5 SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE PROJECT AREA AND PAPS ...... 38

5.1 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT AREA ...... 38 5.2 POPULATION ...... 38 5.3 SETTLEMENT PATTERN ...... 39 5.4 MAJOR ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ...... 39 5.5 ACCESS TO SOCIAL SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURES ...... 39 5.5.1 Access to Education Facilities ...... 40 5.5.2 Health Service Facilities ...... 40 5.5.3 Water Supply and Sanitation ...... 40 5.5.4 Energy source ...... 40 5.5.5 Transport and communication Services ...... 41 6 PROJECT IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION ...... 42

6.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS ...... 42 6.2 ADVERSE SOCIAL IMPACTS ...... 42 6.3 IMPACTS ON PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS ...... 43 6.3.1 Severely Affected PAPs ...... 44 6.3.2 Non-severely Affected PAPs ...... 45 6.3.3 Vulnerable PAPS ...... 45 6.4 IMPACT ON PHYSICAL ASSETS ...... 46 6.4.1 Impact on Agricultural land...... 46 6.4.2 Impact on Trees and Plantations ...... 47 6.4.3 Impact on Housing and other Structures ...... 47 6.4.4 Impacts on Social Infrastructure and Utilities ...... 48 6.4.5 Impacts on Access ...... 48 6.4.6 Impact on incomes and Livelihood ...... 49 6.4.7 Impacts on Business Enterprises ...... 49 6.5 SPREAD OF STD AND HIV/AIDS ...... 49 6.6 IMPACT ON COMMUNITY HEALTH ...... 50 6.7 FURTHER SOCIAL IMPACTS ...... 51 6.7.1 Impact on Women ...... 51 6.7.2 Conflicts between locals and influx labour ...... 52 7 . VALUATION AND COMPENSATION METHODS FOR LOSS OF ASSETS ...... 53

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) iii Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for January 2019 Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

7.1 COMPENSATION PROCEDURES AND APPROACH ...... 53 7.2 BASIS FOR VALUATION ...... 54 7.2.1 Residential Lands ...... 54 7.2.2 Valuation for Loss of Houses ...... 54 7.2.3 Valuation for permanent Loss of Agricultural Land / Crop Loss ...... 55 7.2.4 Valuation for Temporary Dispossession of Agricultural Land ...... 56 7.2.5 Cost estimate for permanent loss of crop ...... 57 7.2.6 Cost estimate for temporary loss of land ...... 57 7.2.7 Valuation for Impacts on Different Types of Trees ...... 58 7.2.8 Valuation for Public Utility Lines ...... 58 7.3 LIVELIHOOD AND INCOME RESTORATION MEASURES ...... 58 7.4 COMMUNITY LOSS RESTORATION ...... 59 8 ORGANIZATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY ...... 60

8.1 ORGANIZATIONS AT FEDERAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL ...... 60 8.2 AT NATIONAL REGIONAL AND DISTRICT GOVERNMENT LEVEL ...... 61 8.3 REPRESENTATIVES OF PAPS ...... 62 8.4 COORDINATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT AGENCIES AND JURISDICTION ...... 62 8.5 RESETTLEMENT IMPLEMENTATION COMMITTEE (RIC) ...... 62 8.5.1 Establishment ...... 62 8.5.2 Duties and Responsibilities of the Committee ...... 63 8.5.3 Composition...... 63 8.6 ASSET VALUATION COMMITTEE ...... 64 8.6.1 Establishment ...... 64 8.6.2 Duties and Responsibilities of the Committee ...... 64 8.6.3 Composition of the committee ...... 64 8.7 MONITORING CONSULTANT AND CONTRACTOR ...... 65 9 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 66 10 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE AND TIMING ...... 68

10.1 DISCLOSURE OF RAP ...... 68 10.2 COMMITTEE FORMATION AND/OR STRENGTHENING ...... 69 10.3 AWARENESS CREATION ...... 69 10.4 LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION MEASURES ...... 70 10.5 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 70 10.6 COMPENSATION PAYMENT ...... 70 10.7 REPORTING ...... 70 10.8 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ...... 70 11 RAP COST AND BUDGET ...... 72

11.1 SCOPE ...... 72 11.2 COST/ BUDGET FOR COMPENSATION PAYMENT ...... 72 11.3 REHABILITATION SUPPORT ...... 72 11.4 SUMMARY OF RAP BUDGET AND COST ...... 73 12 MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND REPORTING ...... 74

12.1 GENERAL ...... 74 12.2 INTERNAL MONITORING ...... 74

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) iv Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for January 2019 Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

12.3 PERFORMANCE MONITORING ...... 74 12.4 IMPACT MONITORING ...... 75 12.5 COMPLIANCE MONITORING ...... 75 12.6 FURTHER EXTERNAL MONITORING ...... 77 12.7 PROJECT CLOSURE MONITORING ...... 77 12.8 REPORTING ...... 77 13 REFERENCES ...... 78 14 APPENDICES ...... 79

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) v Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for January 2019 Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

I List of figures Figure 1: project location map ...... 3

II List of tables Table 1: Summary of Project Affected Persons and Properties ...... xiv Table 2: Summary of Compensation Cost and Estimated Budget for RAP Implementation ...... xiv Table 3: Comparison of Ethiopian Legislation and World Bank Operational Policy ...... 9 Table 4: Entitlement Principlesd ...... 15 Table 5: Project Entitlement Matrix ...... 18 Table 6: Number of Public & Stakeholders Consulted by Sex, Location and Date ...... 25 Table 7: Awareness Creation Participants for the entire section ...... 31 Table 8: Condom Distribution, promotion and Demonstration for the entire section ...... 32 Table 9: Number of Leaflet, pamphlets and Posters Distributed on entire section of the project 33 Table 10: Number of workers undergoes VCT for the entire section of the project ...... 34 Table 11: Distribution of Population by Sex in the Project Impact Region, Zone and Woreda ... 38 Table 12: PAPs with type of impacts ...... 44 Table 13: Summary of Land Acquisition Requirements ...... 46 Table 14: Number and Size of Eucalyptus Trees Affected ...... 47 Table 15: Summary of Affected Building Structures ...... 47 Table 16: Replacement cost by type of impact ...... 53 Table 17: Types of Structures and Average Construction Cost ...... 55 Table 18: Valuation formula for perennial crops ...... 55 Table 19: Types of Losses from Agricultural Land ...... 56 Table 20: Summary of crop land affected along the road ...... 57 Table 21: Summary of crops affected along the road and cost for permanent compensation .... 57 Table 22: Summary of crops affected along the road and cost for temporary compensation ..... 57 Table 23: Estimated Compensation Cost for Affected Trees ...... 58 Table 24: List of institutions/stakeholders at Federal Government level ...... 60 Table 25: List of organizations Responsible for this RAP at Regional Government Level ...... 61 Table 26: Proposed Lists of GRC Members in Urban and Rural Areas ...... 66 Table 27: RAP Implementation and Resource Schedule ...... 71 Table 28: Summary of Compensation Costs and Estimated budget for RAP Implementation ... 73 Table 29: RAP Monitoring Indicators ...... 76

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) vi Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

III ABREVIATION AND ACRONOMY ACC Awareness Creation Campaign ANRS Amhara National Regional State AVC Asset Valuation Committee BOLSA Bureau of Labour and Social Affairs CIS Corrugated Iron Sheet CSA Central Statistical Agency EC Ethiopian Calander EFY Ethiopian Fiscal Year EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPA Environmental Protection Authority ERA Ethiopian Roads Authority ERTTP Ethiopian Rural Travel and Transport Programme ESDP Education Sector Development Program ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMT Environmental and Social Management Team ETP Education and Training Policy ETB Ethiopian Birr FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia FGD Focus Group Discussion FHH Female Headed Households GBV Gender Based Violence GCRC Gross Current Replacement Cost GRC Grievance Redress Committee ha hectare HAPCO HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office HH House Hold HIV/AIDS Human Immuno Virus/Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome HPV Human Papilloma Virus HSDP Health Sector Development Programme IMT Intermediate Means of Transport IEC/BCC Information Communication Education/ Behavioral Change Communication Km kilometer LRP Livelihood Restoration Plan MOFECC Ministry of Forest,Environment and Climate Change MoFEC Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation MOLSA Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs MOT Ministry of Transport NAP-GE National Plan of Action for Gender Equality NGO Non-Governmental Organization NMT Non-Motorized Transport NPA National Plan of Action OD Operational Directive OP Operational Policy OPRC Output and Performance Based Road Contract ONRS Oromia National Regional State

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) vii Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

PAP Project Affected Person PAHH Project Affected Household PASDEP Plan for Accelerated and Sustainable Development to End Poverty PLC Private Limited Company PLWHA People Living with HIV/AIDS PWD Person with Disability RAP Resettlement Action Plan RIC Resettlment Implmentation Committee RPF Resettlement Policy Framework ROW Right of Way SIA Social Impact Assessment STD Sexually Transmitted Disease STI Sexually Transmitted Infection TB Tuberculosis TOR Terms of Reference VCT Voluntary Counselling and Testing WB World Bank

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) viii Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

IV. DEFINITION OF TERMS

Cut-off date: A date established to show the completion of inventory of affected assets and household census. Affected persons who have built houses/structures or other investments after the cut-off date will not be eligible for compensation and other resettlement measures.

Gross Current Replacement Cost: It is the the estimated cost of erecting a building as new having the same gross external area as that existing with the site works and services on a similar piece of land.

Livelihood and income restoration: The reestablishment of income levels for the PAPs prevalent at the time of displacement.

Project Affected Persons (PAP): Individuals whose assets might be lost, including land, property, other assets, and/or access to natural and/or economic resources as a result of activities related to the road project.

Project Affected Households (PAHH): Members of a household living under the same roof and affected by the road construction works.

Replacement Cost: The method of valuation of assets that helps determine the amount of sufficient to replace lost assets and cover related transaction costs. It addresses compensation for tangible assets, primarily land, houses, other structures, trees, crops, access to water, and improvements on the land.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) ix Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

V. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A. Introduction and Purpose 1. The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) through the Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) has allocated funds (financed by the World Bank) for the Design, Improvement Works, Management, and Maintenance Services for the Nekempte-Bure Road Upgrading Project under an Output and Performance Based Road Contract (OPRC) (Design – Build – Maintain) for Lot 3: Agamsa - Bure Section (84.55 km). To this effect, ERA has assigned the IL& FS Transportation Networks Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL – Elsamex Joint Venture) to undertake the tasks stated above. 2. Accordingly, the contractor has prepared on behalf of ERA this Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) as part of the Design, Improvement Works, Management and Maintenance services for this project. It is based on the overall Nekempete-Bure Resettlement Policy Framework (2013), prepared by ERA and cleared by the WB. The objective of this RAP is, therefore, to provide a plan for resettlement and rehabilitation of the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) so that their losses will be compensated and their standard of living will be improved or at least restored to pre-project levels. To achieve these objectives the RAP provides detailed rehabilitation measures. In general, the preparation of this RAP is based on a development approach: it is prepared to avoid the impoverishment of PAPs due to development projects; it is gender sensitive; it outlines measures to protect vulnerable groups, and it puts emphasis on community participation.

B. Methodology 3. Various methods, tools and techniques were adopted to collect data and information required to prepare the RAP. Both, primary and secondary data were collected using different methods. Several stakeholder consultations were also conducted with local administrative bodies, the project affected people, road side community representatives, and other concerned bodies to create awareness about possible project impacts and how mitigation measures will be implemented. 4. The collection of primary data is based on field level data and information gatherings and conducting household census of PAP; Public and Stakeholders consultations were also carried out with project affected persons, local authorities and experts from different sector offices working at Zonal and Woreda Administration level. The secondary data and information is collected from existing data from Federal, Regional and Woreda level Government offices. During the field survey in the project road corridor, public and stakeholders’ consultations and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were conducted with local population using participatory assessment tools. Checklists of issues are used for eliciting information during the public consultations.

C. Descriptions of the Project Area 5. The project road Agamsa-Bure (Lot 3) is part of the Nekempte-Bure road and starts at the outskirts of Agamsa town located at about 173+750 km from Nekempte; about 300km from Addis Ababa. The town of Agamsa is located in the Western part of Ethiopia in Amuru Woreda which is found in Horro Guduru, Wollega Administrative zone of Oromia National Regional State

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) x Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

(ONRS), while the terminal point of the project road, Bure town, is located in West Gojam Administrative zone of the Amhara National Regional State (ANRS). Most sections of the project road are located in West Gojam Administrative zone of the Amhara National Regional State (ANRS). The end point of the project road is after Bure town, at the junction with the Trunk road Addis Ababa-Debre Marcos-Bahir Dar. 6. The existing road is badly deteriorated and has been hampering transport development in the area, as well as causing adverse health impacts and traffic accidents. There is very limited public transport along the road, mainly due to the sub-standard and bad existing road condition. 7. The areas traversed by the road have significant natural resource potential, including mineral resources, while developed land areas are intensively cultivated, with high yield of agricultural products. Efficient and standardized transportation is obviously a prerequisite for further development and investment in the area and to improve the socio – economic situation of the community. 8. The construction of the project road will improve the livelihood of the local population crossed by the road project. It is expected to also contribute to the growth and development of trade and urban centers as well as improvement of crop and livestock production and its marketing network. Nevertheless, the construction of the project road will cause temporary and permanent adverse environmental and social impacts. In order to minimize adverse social impacts, above all land acquisition, on communities, households, and individuals, this RAP has been prepared.

D. Policy, Legal and Administrative framework 9. The Policy, Legal, and Institutional framework of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) pertinent to the project are reviewed and discussed as well as World Bank’s Operational Policies regarding Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (OP 4.01) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). 10. Regarding expropriation of land for public use, the FDRE has issued two proclamations (455/2005 and 456/2006), which provide the procedures for expropriation of land holdings for public purposes and payment of compensation. The Council of Ministers Regulation No.135/2007 outlines additional procedures regarding the payment of compensation for property situated on land holdings expropriated for public purposes. 11. The ERA has also prepared a Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework (RPF 2002). The RPF ensures that Project Affected Persons (PAP) will not be impoverished due to the adverse social impacts induced by road projects and stipulates that PAPs shall be compensated for loss of assets at replacement cost and be assisted in case of relocation or resettlement. 12. A gap-analysis is included in the RAP, outlining several differences between the FDRE framework and World Bank (WB) Operational Policy (OP). In case of deviations, the stricter standard to the benefits of PAPs will be applied.

E. Eligibility Criteria 13. The ERA/RPF is in line with the eligibility criteria contained in WB OP 4.12. Accordingly, compensation for lost assets is made for both titled and untitled land holders and property owners using lands prior to the declared and disclosed cut-off-date. The absence of formal titles will not be a barrier to resettlement assistance and rehabilitation.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) xi Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

14. All PAPs and organizations losing land, buildings/houses, crops or sources of income will be compensated or rehabilitated according to the types and amount of their loss (permanent or temporary) at replacement cost. All PAPs are taken into consideration and accounted for compensation and livelihood restoration measures. Compensation will be paid for the affected public utilities, telephone and electricity poles as well as water distribution points and water pipelines. 15. Compensation will be paid either in cash, by cheque, or by bank transfer under the name of both the husband and the wife. Disbursements will be ensured by ERA and will take place in the presence of the compensation committee as well as both the husband and the wife. 16. The cut-off date for compensation eligibility has been set at March 30, 2017. A detailed identification and registration of impacted properties and persons has been conducted together with local officials. The date has been made public to the people and to the local officials while conducting the household census and consultations. Thus, any person who constructs a house or a structure in the right-of-way after the cut-off date will not be eligible for compensation.

F. Institutions for implementing the RAP 17. The overall responsibility for the successful RAP implementation rests with ERA; while the day- to-day decisions and implementation is coordinated by the Resettlment Committee established in both woredas that are traversed by the project road corridor. The Resettlment committees comprise representatives from sector offices recommended in the legislation and including representatives of PAPs. Making decision on relocation and compensation payment will be the major responsibility of the Resettlement Committee. To this end, the Resettlment Committee will prepare a practical relocation and compensation schedule. Funds for payment of the compensation as well as the respective overhead for its administration will be made available by the ERA through the ROW Management Team (ROWMT). The Resettlement Committee will prepare monthly and quarterly progress reports, which will be delivered to the Resident Engineer office, ERA’s ROWMT, and the woreda and town administration so as to ensure integrity and transparency among the concerned authorities throughout the implementation of the RAP document.

G. Monitoring and Evaluation of the RAP process 18. Internal and External monitoring and evaluation process have been designed as an integral part of the RAP with the objective of ensuring that the RAP implementation complies with the recommendations set out in the RAP. The Environment and Social Management Unit (ESMU) of the Resident Engineer Office will handle internal monitoring activities. The ESMU will inspect and supervise the RAP implementation on day-to-day basis and capture the progress in the monthly and quarterly progress reports, which are submitted to ERA. 19. Impact Evaluation will also be conducted by an external / independent consultant that will be hired by ERA to review and assess the impact of the implementation of this RAP on quarterly basis until the completion of the project road construction works. The independent consultant will monitor and evaluate the RAP by adopting the set of process and output indicators. The external monitoring team evaluates the RAP in consultation with the Resident Engineer, ERA’s ROWMT and if necessary with the respective Woreda municipality/Kebele Administration offices and the PAP by adopting the process and output indicators on a quarterly base.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) xii Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

H. Grievance Redress Mechanism 20. A grievance redress mechanism will be installed; ensuring easy access for all PAPs and timely addressing of grievances by ERA. Grievances Redress Committees (GRCs) are established at Woreda level with a mandate to receive and register complaints, convene meetings to resolve the complaints, and respond to the appeals resulting from Asset Valuation Committees’ decisions and any other grievances reported to them. Appeals against GRC decisions can be lodged to ERA. The GRCs will provide monthly progress reports. Administrative resources for the process are considered part of the project costs and will be provided by ERA. In addition, PAPs are eligible to file grievances at the Ethiopian court system as well as make use of the World Bank Grievance Redress Service in case of non-responsiveness of the local Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM).

I. Stakeholder and Public Consultation 21. In order to ensure the participation of public and different stakeholders, consultations were carried out at Amuru Woreda and Bure Woreda Administrations and respective kebeles located in each Woreda, where the project road crosses. Participants of the public consultation included PAPs, Kebele administration representatives, Agricultural Development Agents and other road side community members. At Woreda level meetings were held with Woreda Administrator and responsible sector office heads & experts. 22. Accordingly, about 23 public consultations were carried out at different times in 2017 and 2018 in (Agamsa, Migir and Joji Kebeles) that are located in Amuru Woreda and Bure town, Kuch 01, Bokotab and Fatam Kebeles found in Bure Woreda. The participants of the public consultation meetings were 405 in number, and of which about 347 were men and 58 were women. In addition to Kebele level public consultation meetings, discussions were held with Woreda authorities; the Woreda level meetings included 34 Woreda cabinet members, out of which 8 were women. As part of the RAP preparation, household consultations were also conducted with individual each PAPs. 23. During the public consultations held with PAPs the affected households commented to have fair and appropriate compensation payment for their lost assets and properties on timely basis, and to have employment opportunities and other livelihood restoration measures. 24. In the stakeholders’ consultations the participants agreed to cooperate and to take actions that will contribute to the speedy implementation of the project road construction works and implementation of this RAP. Similarly, Woreda authorities have also agreed and committed to facilitate the implementation of the RAP.

J. Identified Adverse Impacts 25. Results of household census survey and asset inventory showed that 648 Project-Affected Households (PAHHs) encompassing 3,240 PAPs and in addition 16 public institutions are affected by the implementation of the road project. Out of the total PAHH, 581 (or 87.5%) are male, 67 (or 10.09%) are female-headed households and 16 are public institutions. About 143 PAH (832 PAPs) lost residential houses and other building structures, 213 PAHH (1,191 PAPs) and 3 Public Institutions lost strips of farmland and 290 PAHHs (1,529 PAPs) and 3 Public Instituions lost valuable trees, 4 PAHH (20PAPs) and 4 Public Institutions lost fences. 7 PAHH (35 PAPs) and 6 PAHHs (30PAPs) have fully lost their business enterprise and residences

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) xiii Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

respectively. These PAHH will receive resettlement support including compensation for lost assets, allowances for lost business and residences during construction and transfer to other places, as well as livelihood restoration measures. Where feasible, for minor impacts on structures compensation for repairs will be paid. As per the result of household census survey the above mentioned 13 PAHH (65 PAPs) are physically displaced and require rebuilding/ reconstructing of their houses in addition to payment of compensation for affected properties. Since most of the affected households have sufficient plots in their backyards, there is no need of relocating them to other places. 26. During the preparation of this RAP, 169 disadvantaged households, who need special consideration during the implementation of resettlement/rehabilitation measures, have been identified. These are, female-headed households (72), households who are headed by elderly persons (79), and households with disabled persons (18). Table 1: Summary of Project Affected Persons and Properties

No. Type of Impact No. of PAHH No. of Affected Male Female Total PAPs Institutions 1 Commercial/Businesses 74 11 85 425 - 2 Resedential Houses 45 11 56 280 - 3 Offices - - - - 6 4 Fence 4 4 20 4 5 Farmland 194 19 213 1065 3 6 Trees 264 26 290 1450 3 Total 581 67 648 3240 16

K. RAP Implementation Cost/ Budget 27. The total costs of the RAP implementation, which includes direct cost for PAPs as well as administrative costs, is estimated at ETB 47,683,298.24. The following table disaggregates this number by cost item. The budget is divided into main categories. The first category deals with compensation payment, the second section with livelihood restoration support and the third category is for project management / administrative costs, including provisions for committees and woredas. A contingency of 15% is added which is ETB 6,219,560.64. It should be noted that this figure is for orientation purposes only and that the budget is limited by scope, not by cost. Any damages resulting from sub-standard housekeeping by the contractor will be covered by it. Table 2: Summary of Compensation Cost and Estimated Budget for RAP Implementation No Items for Compensation RAP Cost (ETB) Cost/Budget for Compensation Payment A (permanent + temporary) 1 Compensation for Loss of Houses and other Structures 13,603,000.00 2 Compensation for Permanent Loss of Crop land 12,663,035.10 3 Compensation for loss of Fruit, Timber and other 7,182,100.00 4 Compensation for relocation of poles 1,418,499.00

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) xiv Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Sub total 34,866,634.10 B Cost for Rehabilitation Support 1 Support for vulnerable Households 2,535,000.00 2 Livelihood restoration 1,067,061.50 Sub total 2,954,123.00 C Cost for Relocation & Rehabilitation Assistance 1 Legal & Administrative costs incl. GRC 1,457,542.00 2 Capacity Building Budget 1,000,000.00 3 Allowance for AVC 537,500.00 Sub total 2,995,042.00 D Contingency (15%) 6,219,560.64 GrandTotal 47,683,298.24

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) xv Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction and Purpose 1. The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) through the Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) has allocated funds (financed by World Bank) for the Design, Improvement Works, Management, and Maintenance Services for the Nekempte-Bure Road Upgrading Project under an Output and Performance Based Road Contract (OPRC) (Design – Build – Maintain) for Lot 3: Agamsa - Bure Section (84.55 km). To this effect, ERA has assigned the IL& FS Transportation Networks Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL – Elsamex Joint Venture) to undertake the tasks stated above. 2. Accordingly, the contractor has prepared on behalf of ERA this Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) as part of the Design, Improvement Works, Management and Maintenance services for this project. It is based on the overall Nekempete-Bure Resettlement Policy Framework (2013), prepared by ERA and cleared by the WB. 3. The objective of this RAP is, therefore, to provide a plan for resettlement and rehabilitation of the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) so that their losses will be compensated and their standard of living will be improved or at least restored to pre-project levels. To achieve these objectives the RAP provides detailed rehabilitation measures. In general, the preparation of this RAP is based on a development approach: it is prepared to avoid the impoverishment of PAPs due to development projects; it is gender sensitive; it outlines measures to protect vulnerable groups, and it puts emphasis on community participation.

1.2 Project Description 4. The project road Agamsa-Bure (Lot 3) is part of the Nekempte-Bure road and starts at the outskirts of Agamsa town located at about 173+750 km from Nekempte; about 300km from Addis Ababa. The town of Agamsa is located in the Western part of Ethiopia in Amuru Woreda which is found in Horro Guduru, Wollega Administrative zone of Oromia National Regional State (ONRS), while the terminal point of the project road, Bure town, is located in West Gojam Administrative zone of the Amhara National Regional State (ANRS). Most sections of the project road are located in West Gojam Administrative zone of the Amhara National Regional State (ANRS). The end point of the project road is after Bure town, at the junction with the Trunk road Addis Ababa-Debre Marcos-Bahir Dar. 5. The existing road is badly deteriorated and has been hampering transport development in the area, as well as causing adverse health impacts and traffic accidents. There is very limited public transport along the road, mainly due to the sub-standard and bad existing road condition. 6. The areas traversed by the road have significant natural resource potential, including mineral resources, while developed land areas are intensively cultivated, with high yield of agricultural products. Efficient and standardized transportation is obviously a prerequisite for further development and investment in the area and to improve the socio – economic situation of the community. 7. Thus, the construction of the project road will improve the livelihood of the local population crossed by the road project. It is expected to also contribute to the growth and development of

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 1 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

trade and urban centers as well as improvement of crop and livestock production and its marketing network. 8. The project encompasses widening and upgrading of the existing and deteriorating road to DS5 standard/asphalt surface road including all related structures and other ancillary works which include: improvements of the horizontal and vertical alignments, construction of new pavement layers, and placing of asphalt concrete, upgrading of road furniture, culverts and drainages, rehabilitation of existing bridges, erosion control structures, material sites development, camp establishments for the work force, garage and workshops, crusher plant and asphalt plant erection, and operation, material storage sites, spoil soil disposal sites as well as explosive storage site establishment. All of the activities require a considerable amount of land that could lead to adverse social impacts if not mitigated adequately. 9. Major anticipated adverse social impacts caused due to construction of the Nekempte-Bure road upgrading project included but not limited to: loss or impairment of land under various uses (particularly farmlands & grazing areas); demolition of residential/ business structures; obstruction of access to houses, farmlands, and social services caused due to deep cut and high fill sections as well as disconnection of existing access or link roads; traffic accident risks; spreading of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections. Experience shows that attention needs to be also given to environmental impacts which may trigger later on social impacts, including soil erosion and gully formation; disfiguring of landscape quality; land-sliding/slope instability; disruption of stream flows etc. 10. Although the land acquisition and resettlement impacts of the projects are minor compared to its geographical coverage, project related activities will directly or indirectly impose adverse impacts on PAPs’ livelihoods, including acquisition of agricultural, grazing, business, and residential lands, including respective impacts on crops, trees, and structures. However, the assessment shows that no physical relocation to resettlement sites is necessary as impacted residences can be relocated onto the same plot further away from the road.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 2 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Figure 1: project location map

1.3 Scope 11. The main purpose of this Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is to identify adverse social impacts caused by the road project and to prepare measures and procedures to minimize these impacts. The assessment was undertaken along the Nekempte - Bure road upgrading project (Agamsa- Bure section/Lot III based on the approved Project Design with the objective of quantifying and valuing the impacts on the local people and properties in order to propose adequate measures to avoid, minimize, and/or compensate adverse impacts.

1.4 Methodology 12. Various methods, tools and techniques were adopted to collect data and information required to prepare the resettlement plan. Both primary and secondary data has been collected using different methods. Public consultations were also conducted with PAPs and communities to create awareness about the project’s possible impact and how mitigation measures will be implemented including compensation payments. 13. The RAP commenced with the review of the 2013 RPF done during design review by Ethio Infra Engineering Plc. The final route selection was undertaken through a thorough desk-top study of the route selected under the 2013 design review study and from stakeholder’s comments on the route selected in 2013. RAP considerations as well as ESIA parameters played a major role in the finally selected route.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 3 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

14. Accordingly, socioeconomic survey and detailed inventory of all the impacts has been conducted following the final alignment of the center line as per detailed engineering design of the project road. The surveys encompassed a PAP household census and a survey of the affected farmlands, housing structures and other assets. 15. Valuation of assets and determination of compensation costs are based on the assessment of full replacement cost. Overall, measures and procedures are implemented in line with FDRE policies and legislations as well as World Bank policies and procedures. These encompass valuation and compensation procedures, resettlement and relocation assistance, impacts on income and businesses, respective income restoration measures, and special attention to the most vulnerable of society.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 4 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

2 Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework 16. This RAP sets the policy and legal framework and institutional framework, which are applicable for the project. It builds on ERA’s Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework and World Bank’s policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) as outlined in the Project’s RPF (2013).

2.1 The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 17. The 1995 Constitution replaced the 1975 constitution. Article 40(3) recognizes land as a common property of the Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples of Ethiopia and prohibits sale or any other exchange of land. Article 40(7) reiterates and furthers this point by stating, “Every Ethiopian shall have the full right to the immovable property he builds and to the permanent improvements he brings about on the land by his labor or capital. This right shall include the right to alienate, to bequeath, and, where the right to use expires, to remove his property, transfer his title, or claim compensation for it”. 18. These rights over “holding land” are open-ended (no time limit on this usufruct), subject to a proof of permanent physical property, ability to farm continuously and meet administrative dues and obligations (1995 Constitution Article 40(3)). The 1995 Constitutions Articles 40(4) and 40(5) provide for free land without payment for farmers and pastoralists. Lastly, Proclamation No. 80/1993 allows companies to attain access to land through auction, allocation, or lottery, similar to individuals. The law does not make any limit on the rural land use right for peasant farmers, semi pastoralists and pastoralists. If the government wants the land for public use farmers will be compensated for the property and crop on the land. Women have equal right and access to rural land if they want to be engaged in agricultural activities. Land that belongs to a household is registered under the name of the wife and the husband and holding entitlement now belongs to both. 19. Overall, the Constitution protects against unlawful seizure of property, stating “Everyone shall have the right to his privacy and physical integrity. This right shall include protection from searches of his person, his home, his property and protection from seizure of property under his possession” (1995 Constitution Article 26). “Landholder” means an “individual, government, or private organization or any…other…organ which has legal personality and has lawful possession over the land to be expropriated and owns property situated thereon” (Proclamation No. 455/2005 Article 2(3)). 20. Article 40, No. 8 of the Constitution, states that land can be expropriated from individuals for public use, requiring compensation; “… the Government has the right to expropriate private property for public purposes subject to payment in advance of compensation commensurate to the value of property”. Furthermore, Article 44 (Environmental Rights) No.2 states that: “All persons who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected as a result of state programs have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation, including relocation with adequate state assistance”.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 5 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

2.2 Relevant Policies and Legislation

2.2.1 Proclamation No.455/2005 on Payment of Compensation 21. This Proclamation, Proc. No. 455/2005, was issued in July 2005 and deals with appropriation of land for development works carried out by the government and determination of compensation for a person whose landholding has been expropriated. The Proclamation comprises articles on power to expropriate landholdings, notification of expropriation order, responsibility for the implementing agency, and procedures for removal of utility lines. According to the Proclamation, the power to expropriate landholdings mainly rests on Woreda or urban administration authorities. 22. According Article 3 (1) of the Proclamation a Woreda or an urban administration shall, upon payment in advance of compensation, have the power to expropriate rural or urban landholdings for public purpose for a better development project. 23. The Proclamation also deals with determination of compensation having articles on the basis and amount of compensation, displacement compensation, and valuation of property, asset valuation committees, complaints and appeals in relation to compensation. As per this Proclamation, a land holder whose holding has been expropriated shall be entitled to payment for compensation for his property situated on the land for permanent improvements he made to such land, and the amount compensation for property situated on the expropriated land shall be determined on the basis of replacement cost of the property.

2.2.2 Proclamation No 456/2005 on Rural Land Administration and Land Use 24. This Proclamation, Proc. No. 456/2005, came into effect in July 2005. The objective of the Proclamation is to conserve and develop natural resources in rural areas by promoting sustainable land use practices. In order to encourage farmers and pastoralists to implement measures to guard against soil erosion, the Proclamation introduces a Rural Land Holding Certificate, which provides a level of security of tenure. The Ministry of Agriculture is charged with executing the Proclamation by providing support and co-coordinating the activities of the regional authorities. 25. Regional governments have an obligation to establish a competent organization to implement the rural land administration and land use law. According the Proclamation where land, which has already been registered, is to be acquired for public works, compensation commensurate with the improvements made to the land shall be paid to the land use holder or substitute land shall be offered. The Proclamation imposes restrictions on the use of various categories of land, for example wetland areas, steep slopes, land dissected by gullies, etc. 26. This legislation is triggered by the road-upgrading project since it involves expropriation of lands under individual holdings/land use, which would affect the livelihood of the land holders. Thus, the road project has the responsibility to pay compensation according to this Proclamation and other existing government legislations and regulations.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 6 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

2.2.3 ERA’s Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework 27. Proclamation No.80/1997, Article 6.18, states that, ERA shall use, free of charge, land and such other resources and quarry substances for the purpose of construction of highways, camps, storage of equipment and other required services, provided, however, that it shall pay compensation in accordance with the law for properties on the land it uses. 28. Apart from the broad policy frameworks at national level, the main reference behind the preparation of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is ERA’s guiding principles as stipulated in its Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy Framework (RPF), issued in February 2002 and revised in December 2006.The principles in the framework are adopted basically from the World Bank`s policy on resettlement and livelihood restoration. At project identification, social screening/social impact assessment (SIA) of the subprojects will be conducted with the aim to determine whether or not a subproject requires detailed resettlement action plans. The principles of compensation/rehabilitation will be triggered wherever there will be a land requirement and adverse social impacts. 29. The RPF contains various elements that ERA shall follow regarding compensation procedures. The RPF also clarifies the principles of reinforcement measures for the positive social impacts and mitigation measures for addressing negative social impacts induced by road projects. The policy framework stresses the need to consult and compensate PAPs in relation to resettlement / relocation and for loss of assets and properties that are affected due to the construction of road projects. 30. The focus shall be on restoring the income earning capacity of the project-affected-persons. The aim shall be to improve or at least sustain living conditions prior to project operation or resettlement. The legal framework in general deals with operational procedures, legal framework for expropriation and compensation, institutional framework, socio-economic background of PAPs, social impacts of the road rehabilitation program, valuation procedures, consultation and participation procedure, and monitoring and evaluation arrangements. 31. Regarding compensation procedures and establishing compensation rates, ERA establishes compensation committees at project area level by enlisting representatives from government offices and representatives of project-affected persons (PAPs). 32. The compensation committees have the function of conducting the registration of affected properties and the number of PAPs and determining the compensation rates. 33. This policy is triggered by the road project since it affects many households by causing dismantling of residential and business houses, loss of agricultural lands and disruption of business activities and loss of livelihood sources. Therefore, compensation and relocation measures are essential elements of the road-upgrading project.

2.2.4 Regional Policy 34. The regional policy of the Oromia and Amhara National Regional States is based on the national policy framework considering the regional peculiarities of resources and constraints of the respective National Regional States. The regional policies are not different from the national and emanate from the national framework and targets but take into account the specific regional conditions, potentials and capabilities.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 7 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

2.2.5 World Bank Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement [OP 4.12] 35. The World Bank (WB) has set a policy and procedures on involuntary resettlement (OP 4.12). The policy addresses the need for the treatment of project impacts, which cannot be avoided. The policy also sets eligibility criteria, resettlement instruments and monitoring, and other provisions. The objectives of the WB policy include;

• Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs. • Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development program, providing sufficient investment resources to enable persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement program. • Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. • Inclusive stakeholders’ consultation with all those involved in the RAP, • Consultation of PAPs and host communities 36. The World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) includes safeguards to address and mitigate the involuntary resettlement of PAPs. The World Bank’s Policy objectives urge that involuntary resettlement be avoided whenever possible. If unavoidable, displaced persons need to:

• share in project benefits, • participate in planning and implementation of resettlement programs, assisted and, • Be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods or standard of livings or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. • Specific details of WB policy are also mentioned under each relevant topic. 37. The World Bank policy also defines the eligibility criteria for those who are considered as eligible for compensation and resettlement assistance. As per the Bank’s policy, PAPs that are considered as eligible include:

• those who have formal legal rights to the land; • PAPs that occupy the land before the household census survey but do not have formal legal rights to the land they occupybut have a claim to such land or assets; and • those who do not have formal legal rights or claim to the land they are occupying.

2.2.6 Gaps between Ethiopian Legislation and WB Policies There are several differences and gaps between the national policies and legislation and the World Bank Policy OP 4.12. These gaps relate to the general principles for resettlement, eligibility criteria, the notification period for expropriation and resettlement, and the procedures required throughout the resettlement process. 38. The gap filling measures have been developed in the below table to ensure compliance with the two sets of laws and policies for this project. Where there are differences between national laws and OP 4.12, the latter shall prevail in the case of this Project.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 8 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Table 3: Comparison of Ethiopian Legislation and World Bank Operational Policy Theme World Bank OP 4.12 Ethiopian Legislation Comparison Gap Filling Measures The World Bank requirement World bank OP4.12 has Proclamation No 455/2005 for avoidance or minimization overall policy objectives, (Article 3(1)) gives power to of involuntary resettlement is requiring that: Woreda or urban not written into Ethiopian Involuntary resettlement administrations to “expropriate legislation. Proclamation No should be avoided wherever rural or urban land holdings for 455/2005 does not indicate possible, or minimized, public purpose where it World Band OP 4.12 overall consultation with displaced exploring all alternatives. believes that it should be used objectives shall be applied, persons throughout the Resettlement program should for a better development…” avoiding or minimizing resettlement process, rather Policy be sustainable, include This is supported by Article involuntary resettlement to only allows for a complaints Objectives meaningful consultation with 51(5) and Article 40(8) of the ensure the resettlement and grievance process. affected parties and provide 1995 Constitution. program is sustainable and Although Proclamation No benefits to the affected Proclamation No 455/2005 includes meaningful 455/2005 allows for some parties. (Article 7(5) states that” the consultation. form of support to the cost of removal, transportation Displaced persons should be displaced persons, it does and erection shall be paid as assisted in improving not explicitly state that compensation for a property livelihoods etc or at least livelihoods should be that could be relocated and restoring them to previous restored to previous levels or continue to serves as before.” levels improved.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 9 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Theme World Bank OP 4.12 Ethiopian Legislation Comparison Gap Filling Measures Article 10 of World Bank Article 4 of Proclamation No OP4.12 requires that the 455/2005 requires notification resettlement activities in writing, with details of timing associated with a sub - and compensation, which There is a gap in projects are linked to the cannot be less than 90 days Proclamation No 455/2005 to implementation of from notification. It requires allow land to be expropriated development program to that land should be handed before necessary measures Displaced person should ensure displacement or over within 90 days of for resettlement take place, always be paid Notification restriction of access does not payment of compensation particularly before the compensation and support period /timing of occur before necessary payments. If there is no crop displaced person has been before the land is handed displacement measures for resettlement are or other property on the land, paid. This can have serious over, as per World Bank in place. In particular, taking of it must be handed over within consequences for those OP4.12. land and related assets may 30 days of notice of affected, as they may be take place only after expropriation. It further gives displaced without shelter or compensation has been paid power to seize the land livelihood. and where applicable, through police force should resettlement sites and moving the land holder be unwilling to allowances have been hand over the land provided to displaced persons. World Bank OP4.12 gives Proclamation No 455/2005, According to World Bank eligibility to: Article 7(1) allows’ land OP4.12, eligibility for Those who have formal legal holders’ to be eligible for compensation is granted to The requirements of World Eligibility for rights to the land (including compensation, where the term “affected parties". Ethiopian Bank OP4.12, as described Compensation customary and traditional “landholder” (Article2(3) Legislation only grants in Column 1 of this table, rights recognized under the means” and individual, compensation to those with expected to be applied, laws of the country); government or private lawful possession of the land, Those who do not have formal organization or any other and as per Proclamation No

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 10 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Theme World Bank OP 4.12 Ethiopian Legislation Comparison Gap Filling Measures legal rights to land, but have a organ which has legal 456, those with traditional claim to such land or assets personality and have lawful possession i.e. Communal provided such claims are possession over the land to be lands. It therefore does not recognized under the laws of expropriated and owns recognize those without a the country; and property situated thereon” legal right or claim as eligible Those who do not have for compensation. recognizable legal right or claim to the land are provided resettlement assistance in lieu of compensation for the land they occupy, and other assistance as necessary. This applies if they occupy the land before the cut-off date is established.

World Bank OP4.12 Article Article 7 of Proclamation No. The World Bank requirement The World Bank 6(a) requires that displaced 455/2005 entitles the for compensation and requirements for persons are provided with landholder to compensation valuation of assets it that compensation must be prompt and effective for the property on the land on compensation and relocation followed, as per OP4.12 compensation at full the basis of replacement cost; must result in the affected footnote 1, which states, Compensation replacement cost for losses of and permanent improvements person must have property “Where domestic law does assets attributable directly to to the land, equal to the value and a livelihood returned to not meet the standard of the project. If physical of capital and labour them to at least equivalent compensation at full relocation is an impact, expended. It also outlines the standards as before. This is replacement cost, displaced persons must be right to displacement not clearly stated in local compensation under provided with assistance compensation. Proclamations. It is expected domestic law is

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 11 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Theme World Bank OP 4.12 Ethiopian Legislation Comparison Gap Filling Measures during relocation and Where property is on urban that the regulations and supplemented by additional residential housing, housing land, compensation may not directives will provide more measures necessary to meet sites and /or agricultural sites be less than constructing a clarity and clearer guidance the replacement cost to at least equivalent single room low cost house as in this regard. standard” standards as the previous site. per the region in which it is Replacement cost does not located. It also requires that take depreciation into account. the cost of removal, In term of valuing assets. If the transportation and erection will residual of the asset being be paid as compensation for a taken is not economically relocated property continuing viable, its service as before. Valuation formula are provided in Regulation No. 135/2007 According to OP4.12, Article Article 5 of Proclamation No 14 and 18), the borrower is 455/2005 sets out the As per the World Bank responsible for conducting a responsibilities of the requirements, project census and preparing, implementing agency, processes included implementing, and monitoring requiring them to gather data screening, a census, the The process required for the the appropriate resettlement on the land needed and development of a plan, Responsibilities project proponent / instrument. Article 24 states works, and to send this to the management of of the project implementing agency lacks that the borrower is also appropriate officials for compensation payments and proponent descriptive processes in local responsible for adequate permission. If also requires monitoring and evaluation of legislations... monitoring and evaluation of them to pay compensation to success. It must also include the activities set forth in the affected landholders. proper consultation with the resettlement instrument. In Consequently, the Woreda affected parties throughout addition, upon completion of takes over the respective the process. the project, the borrower must tasks of implementation,

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 12 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Theme World Bank OP 4.12 Ethiopian Legislation Comparison Gap Filling Measures undertake an assessment to including provision of determine whether the replacement land. objectives of the resettlement instrument have been achieved. This must all be done according to the requirements of OP4.12. Article 19 requires that the borrower inform potentially displaced persons at an early stage about the resettlement aspects of the project and takes their views into account in project design. Persons occupying the program area after the cut-off date are not eligible for compensation and/or Cut-off date should be set Nothing is said on the cut-off resettlement assistance. and communicated properly date on the Proclamation No clear procedure and Similarly, fixed assets with all key stakeholders 455/2005 or on the understanding Cut- off date established after the cutoff including PAPs and apply constitution. date are not eligible for whenever needed

compensation.

Consultation and OP 4.12 requires that affected Article 92 of the constitution Does not explicitly specify The project shall ensure disclosure of communities be consulted provides -People have the consultation with affected adequate, inclusive and information regarding project right to full consultation and persons through the process participatory consultation is

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 13 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Theme World Bank OP 4.12 Ethiopian Legislation Comparison Gap Filling Measures implementation, opportunity to to the and no requirement of implemented and all project participate, implement, and expression of views-in the document disclosure. documents are publicly monitor resettlement activities. planning and implementation disclosed.

of environmental policies and projects that affect them. Bank policy gives high importance that vulnerable The requirements of World Does not have any provision to Support to vulnerable groups should be given fair Bank OP4.12, as described assist Vulnerable and groups treatment and also receive disadvantaged groups in Column 1 of this table, support in training and expected to be applied, rehabilitation measures. Proclamation 455/2005 clearly states where the holder of an The project shall have an expropriated land holding is It doesn’t recognize independent functional WB policy emphases that dissatisfied with the amount of participation of community grievance redress GRM effective and functional compensation he/ she may members in the GRM mechanism that ensures the Grievance system is in place. lodge to the administrative process community members are part organ established to hear of the process grievances related to land

holding.

WB policy does not take into ERA’s RPF also does not take account the depreciation of into account depreciation and Salvage value the asset and value of salvage salvage materials in materials in determining the determining replacement cost. replacement cost.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 14 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

2.3 Eligibility Criteria and Project Entitlement 39. The ERA’s RPF is in line with the eligibility criteria contained in OP 4.12 of the World Bank’s operational policy and Bank's procedures on Involuntary Resettlement. Accordingly, compensation for lost assets and replacement costs is made for both titled and untitled land holders. 40. All PAPs and organizations losing land, buildings/houses, crops or sources of income will be compensated or rehabilitated according to the types and amount of their losses (permanent or temporary) at replacement cost. 41. The cut-off date for compensation eligibility has been set at March 30, 2017. The PAPs and local authorities were informed about the cut-off date during the household census survey and consultation meetings. A careful count and identification of the existing properties and affected persons has been conducted together with local officials. The consultant had given the full list of PAPs to respective Kebele. Any person who constructs a house or a structure in the right-of-way after the cut-off date will not be eligible to compensation or subsidies. The date has been made public to the people and to the local officials. The Kebeles have also informed the people. Compensation will not be paid for any structures erected or trees planted purely for the purposes of gaining additional compensation after the cut-off date. 42. Compensation will be paid for public buildings as well as private house owners. Also due compensation will be paid for public utilities, telephone and electricity poles. All transitional and moving allowances and compensation for temporary land loss will be directly paid to those affected. Either it is small or large amount, compensation payment can be made in cash or by cheque, following the agreement with the individual PAP’s. Disbursements will be ensured by ERA and will take place in the presence of the compensation committee as well as the spouse or spouses of the individual PAPs. The compensation principles for various affected population groups are given in Table 4. Table 4: Entitlement Principles

Types of Impact Compensation Entitlement Cash compensation for loss of land as per Ethiopian Proclamation No. 455/2005. Cash compensation for the harvest or product from the affected land or asset, equivalent to ten times the average annual income she/he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land or replacement by a similar piece of land (similar in location, potential and size), held under similar tenure arrangements. Permanent loss of No cash compensation for loss of rented land. land (held under WB OP 4.12 states that preference should be given to land based rural land holders) resettlement strategies for displaced persons whose livelihoods are land based. In addition, providing development assistance to displaced persons such as land preparation, credit facilities, training or job opportunity. Provision of agricultural land for which combination of productive potential, locational advantags, and other factors is at least equivalent to the advantages of the old.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 15 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Types of Impact Compensation Entitlement

Cash compensation for loss of assets as per Ethiopian Proclamation No. Loss of share 455/2005 or Access to similar or better rights (at least sharecropping or if cropping rights over possible tenancy) over a piece of land of similar agricultural potential a piece of As per WB OP 4.12, Cash compensation levels should be sufficient to agricultural land replace the lost land and other assets at full replacement cost. Replacement by a similar piece of land (similar in location, potential and Permanent loss of size), held under similar tenure arrangements (long-term urban lease); or land held under cash compensation at replacement value based on price per square long-term urban meter observed in recent market transactions in the same area for similar lease types of land Depending on the regime of occupation: Right-of-Way with Cash compensation for the loss in value resulting from the restriction restrictions (for (usually in the order of 10 to 30% of the total land value of the affected example restriction strip for right-of-ways associated with pipeline and transmission line) Or on height of trees replacement by a piece of land in compensation for the restriction of use. and crops making certain crops According to WB OP 4.12 (for loss of perennial crops or trees) cash impossible) compensation levels should be sufficient to replace the lost assets at full replacement cost. Cash compensation for income lost during the period where plot was not Temporary land take usable by user or Cash compensation for loss of land as per Ethiopian (held under rural or Proclamation No. 455/2005 or replacement by a piece of land of equal or urban lease) better potential, Cash compensation at replacement value or replacement by a structure Loss of uninhabited or equal or better quality, taking into account market values for structures structure and materials Resettlement in similar dwelling in a location with equal or better economic/agricultural potential, or Loss of an inhabited Cash compensation at replacement value or replacement by a structure dwelling or equal or better quality, taking into account market values for structures and materials Cash compensation as per Ethiopian Proclamation No. 455/2005 Loss of annual crop (Compensation of lost harvest at market price) Cash compensation as per Ethiopian Proclamation No. 455/2005 and Regulation No. 135/2007 (compensation of lost harvest at market price if the crop could not be harvested) and compensation of the income lost Loss of perennial during the period of time required to re-establish the plantation to a similar crops and valuable level of production (this period of time depends on the species grown, it is trees generally in the range 1 year – banana or papaya trees for example - to 5 or 6 years for mango trees – to be determined following regional/woreda practice.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 16 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

The following Entitlement Matrix provides the impacts identified and mitigations that are agreed upon with PAPs and Stakeholders. The entitlement matrix recognizes that Vulnerable groups (disabled, elderly, HIV Positive, etc.), Female Headed Households and PAPs whose livelihoods are fully affected due to the project construction works should be given priority, special attention and support in the implementation of the RAP.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 17 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Table 5: Project Entitlement Matrix Land & Person(s) Types of Impact Compensation /Entitlement/ Benefits Assets Affected Farmer/ title Cash compensation for affected land equivalent to replacement value, taking into holder account market values for the land. Partial loss of Cash compensation for the harvest or product from the affected land or asset, farmland (20% of Tenant/ lease equivalent to average market value of last 3 years, or market value of the crop for Agricultural agricultural land holder the remaining period of tenancy/ lease agreement, whichever is greater. land lost/affected)

FHH and For FHH and Vulnerable groups (disabled, elderly, HIV positive, etc.) provide Vulnerable special assistance and support in addition to cash compensation. groups

Land for land replacement where feasible or compensation in cash for the entire landholding according to PAP’s choice, taking into account market values for the land. Land for land replacement will be in terms of a new parcel of land of equivalent size and productivity with a secure tenure status at an available location which is Farmer/ Title Greater than 20% of acceptable to PAPs. Transfer of the land to PAPs shall be free of taxes, holder land holding lost registration and other costs.

Land does not Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-establishing economic become trees + allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while short- term crops mature) economically viable. Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-establishing economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while short- term crops mature) FHH and For FHH and Vulnerable groups (disabled, elderly, HIV positive, etc.) give priority Vulnerable in allocating replacement land, provide special assistance and support in addition groups to relocation assistance.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 18 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Land & Person(s) Types of Impact Compensation /Entitlement/ Benefits Assets Affected Cash compensation equivalent to average of last 3 years’ market value for the mature and harvested crop or market value of the crop for the remaining period of tenancy/ lease agreement, whichever is greater. Tenant/ Lease Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-establishing economic

holder trees + allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while short- term crops mature Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-establishing economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while short- term crops mature) Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance). Cash compensation for affected land, taking into account market values for the land. Title holder/ Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 5% of net annual income based on business owner Land used for tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or business partially estimates where such records do not exist). affected Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 10% of net annual income based on Business owner tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or is lease holder Limited loss estimates where such records do not exist) FHH and For FHH and Vulnerable groups (disabled, elderly, HIV positive, etc.) losing their Commercial Vulnerable businesses provide special assistance and support in addition to cash Land groups compensation and relocation assistance. Assets used for Land for land replacement or compensation in cash according to PAP’s choice; business severely cash compensation to take into account market values for the land. Land for land affected replacement will be provided in terms of a new parcel of land of equivalent size Title If partially affected, and market potential with a secured tenure status at an available location which is holder/business the remaining assets acceptable to the PAP. owner become insufficient Transfer of the land to the PAP shall be free of taxes, registration, and other costs. for business Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance) purposes Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net income based on tax

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 19 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Land & Person(s) Types of Impact Compensation /Entitlement/ Benefits Assets Affected records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates) Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates), Business person or the relocation allowance, whichever is higher. is lease holder Relocation assistance (costs of shifting) Assistance in rental/ lease of alternative land/ property (for a maximum of 6 months) to re-establish the business. FHH and For FHH and Vulnerable groups (disabled, elderly, HIV positive, etc.) losing their Vulnerable businesses provide special assistance and support and in providing support in groups rental and in identifying lease of alternative land. Cash compensation for affected land, taking into account market values for the Title holder land Rental/ lease Cash compensation equivalent to 10% of lease/ rental fee for the remaining period Land used for holder of rental/ lease agreement (written or verbal) residence partially Land for land replacement or compensation in cash according to PAP’s choice; affected, limited loss cash compensation to take into account market values for the land. Residential Land for land replacement shall be of minimum plot of acceptable size under the Land zoning law/ s or a plot of equivalent size, whichever is larger, in either the Remaining land community or a nearby resettlement area with adequate physical and social Title holder viable for present infrastructure systems as well as secured tenure status. use. When the affected holding is larger than the relocation plot, cash compensation to cover the difference in value. Transfer of the land to the PAP shall be free of taxes, registration, and other costs. Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance) Land and assets Rental/ lease Refund of any lease/ rental fees paid for time/ use after date of removal

used for residence holder Cash compensation equivalent to 3 months of lease/ rental fee

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 20 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Land & Person(s) Types of Impact Compensation /Entitlement/ Benefits Assets Affected severely affected Assistance in rental/ lease of alternative land/ property Remaining area Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance) insufficient for continued use or becomes smaller than minimally accepted under zoning laws Cash compensation for affected building and other fixed assets, taking into Structures are Owner account market costs of structures and materials partially affected Buildings and Cash assistance to cover costs of restoration of the remaining structure Remaining structures structures Cash compensation for affected assets, taking into account market costs for viable for continued Rental/ lease assets and materials (verifiable improvements to the property by the tenant). use holder Disturbance compensation equivalent to two months rental costs Cash compensation, taking into account market rates for structures and materials, Entire structures are for entire structure and other fixed assets without depreciation, or alternative affected or partially structure of equal or better size and quality in an available location which is affected Owner acceptable to the PAP. Remaining structures Right to salvage materials without deduction from compensation not suitable for Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance) continued use Rehabilitation assistance if required (assistance with job placement, skills training) Cash compensation for affected assets, taking into account market rates for materials (verifiable improvements to the property by the tenant) Rental/ lease Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance equivalent to four months holder rental costs) Assistance to help find alternative rental arrangements

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 21 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Land & Person(s) Types of Impact Compensation /Entitlement/ Benefits Assets Affected Rehabilitation assistance if required (assistance with job placement, skills training) Cash compensation for affected structures without depreciation, taking into account market rates for materials Right to salvage materials without deduction from compensation Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance to find alternative secure Squatter/informal accommodation preferably in the community of residence through involvement of dweller the program) Alternatively, assistance to find accommodation in rental housing or in a squatter settlement scheme, if available Rehabilitation assistance if required assistance with job placement, skills training. Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net income based on tax Street vendor records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates), (informal without or the relocation allowance, whichever is higher. title or lease to Relocation assistance (costs of shifting) the stall or shop) Assistance to obtain alternative site to re- establish the business.

For FHH and Vulnerable groups (disabled, elderly, HIV positive, etc.) losing their FHH and businesses premises provide special assistance and support in addition to Vulnerable relocation assistance. Provide support in rebuilding their houses, transferring and groups transporting their household items and materials to the newly constructed business/residential houses Crops affected by land acquisition or PAP (whether Standing Cash compensation equivalent to average of last 3 years market value for the temporary owner, tenant, or crops mature and harvested crop. acquisition or squatter) easement Trees Trees lost Title holder Cash compensation based on type, age and productive value of affected trees

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 22 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Land & Person(s) Types of Impact Compensation /Entitlement/ Benefits Assets Affected plus 10% premium PAP (whether Temporary Temporary Cash compensation for any assets affected, taking into account market values for owner, tenant, or Acquisition acquisition materials (e. g. boundary wall demolished, trees removed) squatter)

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Total Section RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 23 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

3 . Stakeholder and Public Consultation

3.1 Objective of Stakeholders’ and Public Consultation 43. Public and Stakeholder consultations are major tasks expected during the entire stages of the present OPRC road project. Stakeholder consultations have been given utmost importance during Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study and in the preparation and implementation of this RAP so as to promote participatory planning and implementation with the ultimate aim of optimizing road development benefits at large. The major objectives of public consultations and joint meetings with officials from (Woreda, Municipality and Kebele), community representatives and Project Affected Persons are to:

• Provide information on the objectives of the proposed/planned upgrading of the Nekempte- Bure road upgrading project, • Obtain first-hand information on possible problems like drainage, parking, accidents/traffic issues and planned developments, which solutions and requirements may be considered in the ongoing road construction activities and the planning of mitigation and benefit enhancement measures; • Discuss about the nature of potential social impacts of the project road, and its impacts on social, cultural and economic ties and networks during and after construction works; on the loss of productive resources; loss of grazing and forest areas; • Seek the participation and contribution of the public during the construction of the project road; • Protect the interest of Project Affected Persons/Communities, especially the poor, women headed households, the elderly and disabled people and other vulnerable social groups; • Obtain information on the current usage and ownership of land in existing ROW of the road, fixed and movable structures, trees, water wells and other assets, areas of significant squatting and/ or encroachment; • Solicit the views of local population as how to pragmatically provide for their needs within the basic format of the project, and what beneficial impact they expect from the project road; and • Increase the participation of all the stakeholders, including people residing in the project area, local government officials, Kebele administrations and Woreda experts and professionals from every sector and in almost all locations where the road traverses.

3.2 Participants of the Consultation Meetings 44. Participants of the Consultation Meetings stakeholders` meetings were drawn from Woreda Administrations, Woreda level, Agriculture and Rural Development Office, Natural Resources Protection and Land Management Office, Capacity Building/Education Office, Health Office, Women Affairs Office, Finance and Economic Development Office, Communication and Transport Office, Culture and Tourism Development Office, from the Traffic Police, town/municipal administration officials. Participants of public consultation meetings were representatives of PAPs, representatives of vulnerable persons, community elders and religion leaders, representatives of Women and Youth Associations, and representatives of road side community residents.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 24 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

45. Accordingly, about 23 public consultations were carried out at different times in (Agamsa, Amuru, Bure, Boko Tabo, Sontom, and Joji Kebeles) that are located in Amuru and Bure zuria Woredas of Horogudru Welega zone and Western Gojam Zone. The stakeholders’ and public consultations were conducted between December 2016 and April 2018. 46. The total participants of the public consultation meetings were 407 in numbers, and of which 347 were men and about 58 were women. In addition to Kebele level public consultation meetings, discussions were held with Woreda authorities; the Woreda level meetings included 41 participants of Woreda cabinet members, out of which 8 were women. The following table presents the number of public consultations participants by location, sex and date (Ethiopian and Gregorian Calendar). Table 6: Number of Public & Stakeholders Consulted by Sex, Location and Date Date in Gregorian Calendar No. of Participants Ethiopian Location Calendar (EC) Male Female Total 20/4/2009 29/12/2016 Amuru Woreda 6 3 9 17/8/2009 25/04/2017 Agamsa 5 0 5 17/9/2009 27/05/2017 Agamsa 6 3 9 19/6/2009 26/02/2017 Migir 45 8 53 14/6/2009 21/02/2017 Joji 43 7 50 28/6/2009 07/03/2017 Agamsa 20 3 23 19/9/2009 27/05/2017 Agamsa 7 2 9 15/10/2009 22/06/2017 Agamsa 10 5 15 7/11/2009 14/07/2017 Agamsa town 10 0 10 19/04/2009 28/12/2016 Bure Woreda 20 5 25 21/04/2009 30/12/2017 Kuch 01 12 3 5 8/06/2009 12/02/2017 Bokotabo 11 3 14 7/11/2009 14/07/2017 Bokotabo 12 5 17 29/05/2009 06/02/2017 Fatam 11 2 13 18/07/2010 27/03/2018 Bure Woreda 7 - 7 18/07/2010 27/03/2018 Sontom 4 - 4 04/06/2010 11/02/2018 Sontom 39 1 40 18/05/2010 26/01/2018 Agamsa 11 - 11 14/04/2010 23/12/2017 Agamsa 6 - 6 03/04/2010 12/12/2017 Agamsa 8 - 8 21/03/2010 30/11/2017 Boko Tabo 11 2 13 11/02/2010 21/10/2017 Fetam Sontom 23 6 29

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 25 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

04/8/2010 12/04/2018 Boko Tabo 20 1 21 Total 347 58 407

3.3 Major Agendas of the Public Consultation Meetings 47. The major issues raised during public consultations were mainly about project impacts. With respect to positive impacts, almost all of the people consulted justified that the proposed road upgrading project, if realized would alleviate the mobility problems of the project area and its impact zones. It also increases income for men and women, improve business/economic activity of the project area and eventually maintain socioeconomic wellbeing. As a result, they accepted the project with open arms and are willing to provide limitless support for its realization. 48. However, the over-riding concern of local administrative bodies and local area residents is loss of private and public properties like farm and grazing lands ,houses, trees, electric poles, water supply lines, etc. The project area is densely populated and predominantly cultivated agricultural land, the parcel of which has very significant meaning for owners. 49. In addition, there is no unoccupied farm and grazing lands, which will be used for replacement land, if somebody losses his/her farm or grazing land due to development intervention. Moreover, almost all of the farming community members residing in the project area have no knowledge and skill of income diversification. They entirely relay on land for their livelihood. 50. Thus, most of the issues raised during the public consultation both at Woreda and community level were on the extent of the possible adverse impacts on farm and grazing lands, receiving fair compensation, minimizing land acquisition (impacts) and ensuring adequate compensation and livelihood restoration measures. 51. Besides loss of private properties like residential and business premises, farm and grazing lands as well as trees, the local stakeholders and community members clearly expressed their concerns towards the adverse impact of the proposed road upgrading project on utilities and community and private access roads, water and forest resources as well as on public health by spreading HIV/AIDS, STD`s, spread of commercial sex workers, drug abuse, alcoholism, theft and gambling along with the influx of people from different areas in search of employment opportunities. 52. Woreda level stakeholders repeatedly express their concern over whether the proposed road upgrading project takes into account the road width and length in town sections as indicated in the respective town master plans. As a result, the length of the towns and villages was determined together with the presence of the respective Kebele/Woreda officials. In addition, they strongly recommended the inclusion of pedestrian walkways so as to reduce the prevailing road accidents. 53. With regard to displacement and compensation issues, stakeholders express that the activities will be done in accordance with the existing guiding principles as outlined in the Constitution and relevant proclamations, regulations and guidelines developed at the Federal and Regional levels. It was also disclosed that permanent working units with officers, as well as a committee dealing with such issues, are established at Woreda level and their implementation capacity will be enhanced through tailor made training.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 26 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

54. The participants of the consultation meetings also believe that the long- term socioeconomic benefits of the road upgrading project are obviously outweigh the minor and short-term inconveniences that may be created along with project implementation. They expressed that the compensation got for the land acquisition will be well controlled and spent in such way that the agricultural production will not be adversely affected due to land acquisition and removal. 55. The findings from the public consultation and the sociological field surveys reveal that, if appropriate mitigation and benefit enhancement measures are adopted, the adverse direct or indirect impacts of the project road on local residents will be minimized. Since the project is linear, there will be no major impact in clusters. Since all of the affected households have sufficient plots at their backyards, there is no need of physically relocating to other places.

3.4 Outcome of the public consultations 56. The following issues are the major outcomes of the public and stakeholders` consultations conducted at Woreda, Municipal and Kebele and community levels:

• The Nekempte-Bure road-upgrading Project is of [regional as well as] national significance and hence we accord it top priority. We, as members of the leadership and residents of the area, are committed to ensure the smooth operation and implementation of the Project. • We are also aware of the adverse impacts of the project on some people’s livelihoods. We understand that PAPs will be compensated fairly for their lost assets and resettlement and rehabilitation efforts will be launched to restore their incomes and livelihoods. In relation to resettlement and rehabilitation of PAPs, we the Woreda/town leadership, in collaboration with Kebele officials and the community at large, are prepared to commence practical actions to provide all necessary support for vulnerable groups. • Further, we are also committed to addressing complaints that may be lodged from PAPs and the public at large. All the Woreda and town administration officials traversed by the project road have agreed to provide support and assistance for people who will lose their land (farmland or residential land) by the road upgrading project ROW widening, realignment, access road, detour, camp site and other project facilities. They promised to allocate land for those who loss residential houses and business premises due to the road upgrading project; • Although aware of the potential negative impacts, such as loss of land, house and trees, the participants of the public consultations and other members of communities fully recognize the impacts and are ready to mitigate the adverse impacts and support as well as accept the road upgrading project; • All Woreda, town and Kebele officials were agreed and willing to provide special support for vulnerable social groups like female headed households, the elderly and disabled people and orphan/vulnerable children if affected by the construction of the project road by constructing their residential houses, by transporting their materials and facilitating compensation payments; • The cut-off date for compensation eligibility agreed with all respective Woreda Administration was March 30, 2017. Accordingly, all the Woreda/town administration traversed by the road project agreed that, households whose properties were recorded at the time of the field investigation (asset inventory), will only be eligible for compensation;

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 27 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

• All assets including annual crops, houses, trees, structures that are registered as affected will be compensated for as per the relevant Proclamations. The impact of the road is expected not to go beyond 30 meters widths in both rural and urban areas. PAPs will surrender their land only after compensation payments are concluded. Until then, they are urged to continue normal life; • Regarding perennial crops, PAPs will be informed in advance [of every move of the project affecting them]. They can continue using the perennial crops, trees and farmlands as usual; • For those PAPs who will lose more than 20% of their sources of livelihood farmland and/ or business enterprise, the project, in addition to resettlement activities, will work closely with local administration to restore their income. • Regarding entitlement for compensation, it has been agreed that all those with land certificates, contract farmers and those who acquired land through gift or inheritance [but, have no certificates], will be considered, • The other request made by the public was to make the design for the road a double carriageway, which has pedestrian walk way and parking lanes in the big towns and town section standard for the developing rural villages. Indeed, they requested ERA to provide double lane, walkway and parking although it was explained to them the road design and number of carriage ways will be determined by the number of traffic and the town master plan. • They have mentioned that Woreda capital towns have master plans, but their master plans are under review for upgrading, so that the design of the road project shall consider the upcoming master plan. In addition, most of the big rural villages found along the project road corridor are under review for upgrading them to municipal (town) level administration. Hence, the final design of road upgrading project shall consider the future development of these villages, since currently they do not have master plan, • Public utilities located inside the ROW width should be relocated before the commencement of project civil work so that disruptions will be reduced; • In town sections the construction of the proposed road project should consider covered road side drainage facilities, walkways, parking lanes, access inlets to different social services like schools, health, church, market and the like • In all the locations where public and stakeholders’ consultations were held, the public are highly supportive and positive about the upgrading of the project road and are much enthusiastic about the plan; and are looking forewords to the commencement of the construction works. 57. Finally the minutes of all public consultation meetings indicating the consensus reached regarding their opinions, commitments and cooperation to be accorded for smooth project implementation, regarding ROW and land acquisition requirements of the project as well as the cut-off date agreed for compensation entitlement were prepared and signed by respective Woreda Administrations and attached to this document as Annex.

3.5 Subsequent Plans for Public Consultation 58. Subsequent public consultations with PAPs and the community will be carried out throughout the construction phase and after completion of the road construction works. The Sociologist hired by

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 28 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

the Contractor, ERA’s ROW Agent and the Sociologist employed by the monitoring consultant will conduct public consultations with PAPs during the construction phase to monitor the implementation of this RAP, the procedures for compensation payment and income restoration measures as planned. If there are complaints and inappropriate measures taken either by the committee or contractor, both ERA’s ROW Agent and the supervising Sociologist will inform the responsible authorities and insist that the implementation of the RAP is carried out as planned. 59. It will be important for all project-affected people to participate throughout the various stages of the resettlement activities and in the land acquisition process. They will need to be consulted by the competent authorities and will have to be invited to participate in public meetings held at appropriate stages of the resettlement process. These meetings will be very important to discuss resettlement issues and provide a forum for stakeholders to express opinions and offer their suggestions. 60. As described above, both Public and Stakeholders’ consultations proposed to be conducted at different stages and phases of the project road construction works. Based on current experiences from other road projects, public and stakeholders’ consultations will take place at different cycles of the project road, namely; planning phase (identification of material sources, etc.), construction phase and operation phase. The objective of the consultation is mainly to communicate the progress of the project construction works, identify impacts and mitigation measures that are carried Commented [A1]: Consultation strategy out for environmental and social impacts, measures taken in the implementation of this RAP and in particular issues related to livelihood restoration plan, compensation payment, grievance redress issues, and the like. As discussed above, during the construction phase public stakeholders consultations are proposed and planned on a monthly basis with PAPs and kebele administrations; and on quarterly basis with Woreda authorities. 61. For this effect since the commencement of the project study, as it has been discussed thoroughly in the above sections of this chapter, various consultation meetings have been carried out with all project affected persons, project influence local administration officials and community elders. Hence, consensus agreement has been reached with them that there is full participation at all stages of project resettlement activities and in land acquisition process. 62. Since the road construction work starts in each section on a different time schedule, there is always a need to conduct both stakeholders and public consultations. In this regard, there will always be a consultation process until the completion of the road construction works and even in its operation phase. Stakeholders will be publicly informed by the relevant authorities of the details of resettlement activities. The information shall be made public and provided to each household Commented [A2]: Timeline for these activities including cut-off date, entitlements, and eligibility criteria, modes of compensation, complaints, grievance redress procedures, livelihood restoration measures and resettlement site selection.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 29 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

4 HIV/AIDS, GBV and Labor Influx Prevention and protection Programs

4.1 HIV/AIDS 63. The fight against poverty and vulnerability would only bear fruit if the root causes and gaps of HIV & AIDs issues are properly addressed to the community so as to prevent and control the adverse socio-economic Impacts. Currently, there is a broad recognition that HIV/AIDS poses a generalized national health threat. Now days, over 750,000 people are living with HIV throughout the country. Among key groups at high risk of contracting HIV/AIDS are mobile populations who travel away from their residence to seek work in unfamiliar environments. 64. In order to reduce the impact of HIV/AIDS, EQUIP global consulting and training Private Limited Company (PLC) has been implementing HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) alleviation measure project on Agamsa-Bure road construction project focusing on Four major prevention approaches, i.e., condom demonstration and distribution, treatment of sexually transmitted infections coordination with the nearby health centres, voluntary counselling and testing and peer counselling for safe behaviour.

4.1.1 Prevention Strategies to Mitigate Adverse Social Impacts 65. The HIV/AIDS project, Equip Global Consulting that is working under the main contractor has designed a number of strategies to reduce the rate of HIV and STIs infection among the construction project workers as well as the road side communities of the influence zone. These strategies are designed to help the project workers and the local community to be well informed about the pandemic and so as to make them self-aware and undergo HIV/ test on voluntary basis. Details of the main activities being undertaken to meet our ultimate objectives are mentioned in the following manner.

4.1.2 Awareness Creation Campaign (ACC) 66. Awareness alerts any individual person or a group to what is going on around or in a given environment. The idea becomes more pressing with how people respond to HIV/AIDS pandemic. To defend oneself, it takes being in full grip with the facts pertaining to HIV/AIDS. The more people are clear about means HIV/AIDS transmission, the more they are less likely to be infected and gradually risk resilience will increase. Therefore, awareness creation activity becomes vital for the road project staff and the community; it can change the behaviour of the community and construction workforce to behave responsibly and accountably working among themselves and living within the community. The project staffs have been educated workers about the risks and ways of minimizing their exposure to HIV/AIDS. We have also presented a multiple impact of HIV infection on workers life. 67. A strong positive correlation exists between STIs and HIV transmission. The presence of STIs within workers’ not only indicate high risk sexual behaviour, but STIs increases both a person’s susceptibility to HIV/AIDS and the possibility of transmitting the virus through sexual intercourse.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 30 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Even without the HIV epidemic, STIs are one of the most common health problems among workers and community. Majority of the community members and the project workers have limited knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases, such as Human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia and their symptoms.

68. The project staffs have been subsequently participating in awareness creation programs, which basically aim to raise the level of awareness of the work force at different levels and to protect themselves from HIV/AIDS and STD. The project staffs, coordinating with school administration, have also conducted a joint awareness creation campaign at schools emphasising on preventive education against HIV/AIDS for secondary school students. During the campaign, the project staffs were given an emphasis on the role of drugs, sexual abuse, violence and STI in the transmission of HIV/AIDS and empowered students to deal with this situation. We have also encouraged students to make use of health care, counselling and support services (including service related to reproductive health care and the prevention and treatment of STI offered by health institutions. 69. In order to reduce stigma and discrimination, the project staffs raised awareness for the local community about how to behave towards persons with HIV/AIDS. We have also provided information on appropriate prevention and avoidance measures, including abstinence from sexual intercourse, the use of condoms, faithfulness to one’s partner, obtain medical treatment for STI. Table 7: Awareness Creation Participants for the entire section No Months Number of Participants on ACC Male Female Total Remark 1 July 236 134 370 2 August 170 80 250 3 September 127 116 243 4 October 171 73 244 5 November 469 321 790 6 December 295 191 486 7 January 457 407 864 8 February 491 512 1020 9 March 540 557 1097 10 April 130 128 258 Total 3032 2519 5551

4.1.3 Condom Promotion and Distribution 70. Using condom consistently and correctly is effective to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS. While the best protection against HIV/AIDS, is abstain from sex or remain monogamous with an uninfected partners, it is also critical to insure that sexually active individuals have information about condom. Given its effectiveness in protecting against HIV/AIDS, condom can be expected to provide similar

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 31 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

level of protecting STIs; such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis and Human papilloma virus (HPV). It is also types of contraceptive method that used to prevent unwanted pregnancy. 71. An important element of any HIV/AIDS and STI prevention program is reliable supply of free or affordable, high quality condoms. Ensuring condoms are available in the workplace address primary limiting factors of their use, the stigma associated with purchasing condoms. In order to prevent workers and the road sided community from HIV/AIDS and STI, EQUIP have been provided male condoms regularly on different working sites. In addition to distributing condoms, the project staffs have been promoted and demonstrated condom for workers and the community. During condom demonstration and promotion, we have observed workers still did not at all see condom, shy to ask and not confident to discuss about condom use by demonstration because of religious and socio cultural norms. To solve this problem, the project staffs have been promoted about the importance of using condom and reshaping the traditional attitude about condom. 72. Even though our project area did not include Agamsa Town, We have been distributed male condom for all Hotels on the Town because of the reason that significant number of milestone one project workers is settled in this small town. Monitoring and supervision has been conducted at all Hotels by the project staffs. During the supervision we have found expired condoms in some hotels and discussed with Hotel owners to remove those condoms. We have also observed some Hotel owners who are not voluntary to put condom on bedrooms regularly due to lack of awareness, religious and other reasons. In order to solve these and other problems, discussions have been made with those Hotel owners and able to rich in a common consensus to put condoms on each bed room regularly. For easy and free access of condom, we have refilled condom boxes on different working sites. Table 8: Condom Distribution, promotion and Demonstration for the entire section No Month Number of condom distributed Remark For community For workers Total 1 July 0 500 500 2 August 0 790 790 3 September 0 595 595 4 October 920 1130 2050 5 November 1140 644 1784 6 December 1300 1050 2350 7 January 650 550 1200 8 February 1300 750 2050 9 March 1400 800 2200 10 April 1550 950 2500 Sub total 8260 7809 16069

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 32 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

4.1.4 Information, Education and Communication Distribution (IEC/BCC) 73. Effective IEC/BCC materials are important component of the comprehensive HIV/AIDS campaign at construction sites, like road construction, to disseminate information about HIV/AIDS and STIs for working forces and the host community. People can be educated about STD and HIV/AIDS through a variety of ways that include posters, booklets, broachers’, leaflets, pamphlets and several others. Activities under this section are aimed to provide people with materials which help them to develop capacity to remember facts about the difference between HIV and AIDS, and how to protect themselves against it and the issues of stigma and discrimination, risk and safe sexual behaviours and others. IEC/BCC materials have a positive impact to bring behavioural change by transforming different information for the young peoples. 74. Different information education communication material; such as leaflets, posters, pamphlets and stickers were distributed in different places, such as schools, public gathering places and working sites. Message on the materials mainly focused about prevention methods of STD and HIV, ways of STD and HIV transmission from one person to another, advantage of undertaking VCT, risk sexual behaviours, safer sexual behaviours and basic information about STD and HIV/AIDS at national and regional level. Table 9: Number of Leaflet, pamphlets and Posters Distributed on entire section of the project

No month Number of IEC/BCC materials distributed Remark

For For workers total community

1 July 292 208 500

2 August 127 285 412

3 September 297 135 432

4 October 322 153 475

5 November 243 65 308

6 December 377 65 442

7 January 306 47 353

8 February 245 30 275

9 March 200 86 286

10 April 260 72 332

Sub total 2424 1112 3536

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 33 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

4.1.5 Promote and provide voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) 75. VCT has proven effective in promoting prevention for those who test negative and behaviour change for those who test positive. It is an integral part of HIV/AIDS prevention and care. It provides the opportunity for early access to prevention and care for working forces and the community. In addition, it is critically important for individuals and couples to learn about their HIV status and make informed decisions about their future. Currently, most people remain unaware of their HIV status due to various reasons; such as lack of awareness, lack of resources and medical equipment and other problems. 76. HIV/AIDS counselling has been provided at different sites is free and confidential. During VCT campaign, the counsellor have been provided pre-test counselling to ensure that workers make a well informed dissension about whether to have the HIV test or not and encourages them to explore the possible impact that having the test may have no workers life. After the test has done based on the interest of the client, post-test counselling has also been provided by the health profession/ field nurse/. People who have a good pre and post-test counselling are able to cope better with their result and are more likely to look after their health and protect others from infection. 77. The field nurse provides health education for clients based on their HIV test result; such as basic information about HIV/AIDS, transmission and prevention mechanisms of HIV/AIDS, impact of HIV, types of STI and their treatment. In date, voluntary counselling and testing service has been provided for 163 workers. Out of which, 108 are male and the rest 55 are female workers of the project. 78. Voluntary testing and counselling services help the project construction workers to;

• plan for their future life • protect themselves from HIV infection • become healthy and productive citizens • Become free from any psychological stress. Table 10: Number of workers undergoes VCT for the entire section of the project Number of people Number of positive Number of positive No Month undergone VCT service persons referred Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 1 July 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 August 20 7 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 September 31 15 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 October 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 November 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 December 16 8 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 January 0 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 February 17 13 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 March 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 April 7 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 34 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Number of people Number of positive Number of positive No Month undergone VCT service persons referred Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Subtotal 108 55 163

4.1.6 Conclusion 79. Currently government data shows that the prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia is increasing from time to time. In addition to this, the distribution of HIV/AIDS prevalence is also varying by age, sex and environment. Especially, the prevalence rate on young population is very high particularly youths who are participating on different construction projects are considered to be more vulnerable to be affected by the epidemic. Seasonal mobile workers employed in development sites, such as, road construction projects are highly vulnerable to HIV/AIDS and other diseases that caused by unprotected sex. The triggering factors are that most of the time workers are close to practice high risk behaviors, such as frequent alcohol use, casual sex and engagement in transactional sex. 80. As a result of this, conducting a successive and effective awareness creation programs will be a collective responsibility to prevent and control the work force and the community at large. Hence, Equip Global consulting and training PLC which is working under ITNL ELSAMEX JV Bure has been implementing and will continue to implement different HIV prevention activities in road project influence zone to meet the required objectives and the community at large.

4.2 Gender-based violence (GBV)

4.2.1 Risk Level 81. Gender-based violence (GBV) has no boundaries. It cuts across societies, classes, races, religions and ethnicities. GBV is most commonly committed by an intimate partner or family member. Whether perpetrated by a stranger, spouse or other individual in their lives, violence or the threat of violence causes many women to lose the ability to control their own reproductive health and plan their families. Sexual assault can lead to unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Additionally, women who experience emotional or physical violence or other forms of abuse within their relationships may also have less ability to negotiate the use of condoms or other contraceptives with their partner in order to protect themselves from these outcomes. So as to protect women from any potential or actual sexual exploitation, discrimination, stigma and abuse, the contractor will exercise good employee management practice in order to create an enabling environment for women to freely and fairly participate and enjoy equal opportunities within the project influence zone. Violence and abuse can also create steep barriers to accessing healthcare. Some women may be limited in their ability to independently travel to health centers, make personal decisions about their care, and pay for services. For many others, stigma and fear can discourage them from seeking information or help.

4.2.2 Mitigation Measures 82. Hence, the contractor has a mandate and responsibility to share nationally and internationally attained best practices on the actual implementation of gender and social development programs in

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 35 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

the project influence zone to ensure the empowerment of women within the project influence zone. The company will respect, protect and implement all policies and legal provisions through implementing the recommended activities in coordinating, integrating and building the capacity of local stakeholders at all levels on gender mainstreaming within the road project influence zone. The company should do more and commit itself for the actual implementation of gender and social development programs through creating ample job opportunities at different levels based on their capacity and interest so as to ensure gender equality and the empowerment of women at the company level. So that, recommended achievements will be realized through further increasing and balancing women employees based on company human resource management needs and capabilities. 83. If women are sexually assaulted or raped by co-workers or outsiders in the project site the contractor will be responsible to provide counseling service and treatment through its clinic staff and HIV/AIDS team. If the case is found to be beyond the capacity of the clinic, the contractor will be responsible to take the abused for treatment to higher level medical facilities that are located outside of the project site and assist the victim in the purchase of medicines and hospitalization. In addition to supporting in the counseling and medical treatment, the Contractor will also assist the victim to take the case to legal courts. 84. In addition, it is proposed to employ a Gender expert under the monitoring consultant who will be responsible to create awareness and sentisation among the construction team and also within the community; and also monitor issues and indicators related to Gender. The Gender expert is also expected to work in liason with each of the woreda’s women’s affairs offices. With all these processs ERA will have a responsibility to clolsy work with the Contractor and the Grivance redress committee.

4.2.3 Code of Conduct A further key instrument will be the implementation of a Code of Conduct which outlines the obligations and prohibitions imposed on workers to protect the local communities and female workforce. It needs to be agreed on by all employees of contractors and subcontractors prior to commencement of works. Any misdeamor of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse will lead to immediate dismissal.

4.3 Labor Influx 85. With regard to labor influx matters, the contractor will endeavor and commit itself to practice and realize good employee management practices to be able to increase risk resilience through implementing and properly addressing the following key principles to properly assess and manage the risks of adverse impacts on communities that may result from temporary project induced labor influx. 86. In addition, the contractor should clarify the labour – community relationship in the contractual agreement with employees and also specify it in his personnel manual. Experiences from different road projects show that some of the workforce is recruited from outside of the project area and this could create some unwanted behaviours which is considered as strange to the local community and might become a cause for conflict. In this regard, the contractor should be responsible to monitor

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 36 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

that his workforce should take precautionary measures to avoid any activities that might lead to conflict with the local community.

4.3.1 Reduce labor influx by tapping into the local workforce. 87. The contractor will take most effective mitigation measures against labor influx so as to avoid or reduce it. Depending on the size and the skill level of the local workforce, a share of the workers required for the project may be recruited locally. This is generally easier for unskilled workers, while more specialized staff frequently will be hired from elsewhere. Depending on the requirements of the project and their skill level, it may be possible to train local workers within a reasonable timeframe to meet project requirements.

4.3.2 Assess and manage labor influx risk based on appropriate instruments. 88. This assessment and management of labor influx will be based on risks identified in the ESIA and other Bank-required assessments, and the Bank’s sector-specific experience in the country. Depending on the risk factors and their level, ITNL ELSIE JV will develop appropriate mitigation instruments so as to increase risk resilience. The company will consider the following risk factors:

• Predominant presence of sub-contractors without strong worker management and health and safety policies; • Anticipated high volumes of labor influx; • Pre-existing social conflicts or tensions; • Weak local law enforcement, and • Prevalence of gender-based violence and social norms towards it in the community; • Local prevalence of child and forced labor.

4.3.3 Incorporate social and environmental mitigation measures into the works contract. 89. In order to be able to mitigate the adverse social and environmental adverse impacts, the contractor will act responsibly and accountably as per the contractual obligations with appropriate mechanisms for addressing non-compliance; including the Code of Conduct noted above. So far, the contractor has been addressing specific activities to minimize the impact on the local community through successive training programs on HIV/Aids. The health and safety management plan also address specific aspects of the social and environmental due processes to achieve the required objective. 90. In conclusion, the contractor will give due attention and priority for gender-based violence which is an umbrella term for any harmful act that perpetrated against a person’s will, and that is caused by differences in power between people of different genders, i.e., between males and females and people of other gender and sexual identities. Women and girls are more commonly affected by gender-based violence due to the subordinate status of women in many societies, discrimination against them and their higher vulnerabilities to violence. Gender-based violence takes many forms, including sexual, physical, and psychological abuse. The contractor in cooperation and integration with the concerned local community and stakeholders will address.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 37 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

5 Socioeconomic Conditions of the Project Area and PAPs

5.1 Location of the Project Area 91. As noted above, the project road starts at the outskirt of Agamsa town, found in Amuru Woreda, Horo-Guduru Zone, and Oromia National Regional State. The terminal point of the project road is Bure town, located in West Gojam Administrative zone of the Amhara National Regional State (ANRS). It connects Amhara and Oromia National Regional States. However, most sections of the project road are located in Bure Woreda.

5.2 Population 92. Planning and implementation of any development programs requires information on the size, structure, distribution, density, dependency ration and demographic dynamics in general. According to the 2017 CSA Population projection, the total population of the Oromia National Regional State is 35,467,001 persons, while that of Amhara is 21,134,988 persons which are about 37% and 22% of the country's total population respectively. The population densities of the regions are 124 and 136 persons per km2 in that order. 93. This indicates that Amhara National Regional State is more populated than that of Oromia. Similarly, W.Gojam Zone is more populated than that of Horo Guduru Wollega Zone and that of Bure Woreda is greater than that of Hamuru Woreda. Table 11: Distribution of Population by Sex in the Project Impact Region, Zone and Woreda Name of Total Number of Population by sex Region/ Percentage Percentage Population of Urban of Rural Zone/ Male Female Total population population Density Woreda Oromia 17,788,003 17,678,998 35,467,001 15.1 84.9 124 Region H.G. Wolega 363,638 364,936 728,574 14.4 86.6 89.9 Zone Hamuru 33,134 33,820 66,954 11.2 88.8 51.7 Woreda Amhara 10,585,995 10,548,993 21,134,988 17.4 82.6 136 Region W. Gojam 1,274,572 1,267,649 2,542,221 12.7 87.3 191 Zone Bure 88,274 88,679 176,953 24.0 66.0 221 Woreda Source: CSA Population Projection, 2014-2017

94. Regarding sex composition, as it can be observed from the above table, the number of male population slightly outnumbers that of female population in the two regions. With respect to age structure the Regions’ population is characterized by a young age structure, a feature of rapidly

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 38 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

growing population. The 2007 Population and Housing Census survey result indicated that, the annual population growth rate of the Oromia National Regional State was 2.9 persons, which is higher than the national average (2.6 persons). 95. Concerning the spatial distribution, the majority (84.9% and 82.6%) of the population of the regions reside in the rural areas, while only between 15-20% are living in the urban areas. Moreover, the total population of the Woredas traversed by the project road is about 243,907 peoples. 96. The segregation of the population by the Woredas disclosed that, Bure Woreda is more populated than that of Hamuru Woreda, accounting for about 72.4 percent of the combined figure of the two Woredas.

5.3 Settlement Pattern 97. The major part of the Project area is rural type of settlement patterns, which is scattered village type and sparsely populated. Urbanization in the project road corridor is at its rudimentary level. The project road crosses 2 towns and 9 rural villages. The major urban centre that exists in the project road corridor is the town of Bure, which is the largest and also one of the oldest towns in West Gojam Zone.

5.4 Major Economic Activities 98. Mixed agriculture (crop farming and livestock keeping) is the mainstay for the majority of the population in the project area. Apart from crop farming and livestock keeping, there is currently limited industrial and trade economic activity in the project influence area. The livelihood of the population in the urban sections mainly depends on small scale businesses, and employment in public and private sectors. The major source of income for households include sale of crop and livestock products, salaries, earning from self-employment, domestic work and causal labor, petty trade and pension. 99. In terms of agricultural development, all the Woredas traversed by the project are surplus producer. Crop production is the major agricultural activity in the corridor followed by livestock keeping; and the major cereals produced include, Teff, Barely, Wheat and Maize. The main crops produced in the project areas are; - Teff, Barely, wheat, maize, sorghum, millet; oil seeds like Niger seed, Rape seed and sesame; root crops Fabian and Soya bean. 100. The livelihood of the population in the urban sections mainly depends on small-scale businesses, and employment in public and sectors. Industrial and trade development is also at its infant stage.

5.5 Access to Social Services and Infrastructures 101. Social service facilities and infrastructures include education, health and sanitation, water supply, banking and credit services, electricity supply facilities, telephone and other communication facilities, market centers and road infrastructure. The availability and quality of service provision of such key facilities is an indicator of the level of living standards prevalent at the given areas. Cognizant to this fact, the Ethiopian Government has paid great emphasis and made vagarious efforts in the past few years to scale up the access and service quality of such facilities with especial focus in the rural areas. Nonetheless, despite all that concerted efforts, the project Woredas do still have unmet needs with the view of the development of such social services. Poor

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 39 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

access provision is said to be one of the bottlenecks responsible for such below expectation service provision since it has a knock-on effect on the other areas. Brief summary on each of the facilities found at the project Woredas are given in the paragraph below.

5.5.1 Access to Education Facilities 102. Concerning access to educational services and facilities, there is at least one first cycle primary school (1-4 grades) in each Kebele and one high school (9-10 grades) at Woreda capitals. In addition, there are preparatory schools (11-12 grades) in both Woreda capital towns. 103. For instance, according to Amuru Woreda Education office, there were 52 school facilities in the Woreda by the 2016 academic year and the total number of pupils enrolled was 19,447 students at all levels. Out of these 52.4% were male and 47.6% were female students. The total number of teachers in the same year was 529, out of which 34.6% were female. 104. However, the condition of the primary cycle schools, in particular, is primitive, with lack of water or electricity, although some have latrines. For education beyond Grade 8, students must travel to the Woreda headquarters.

5.5.2 Health Service Facilities 105. The distribution of health services and facilities, and that of health professionals has not yet reached to its expected level in the project road corridor. According to available data from Bure Woreda health office, there were 5 health centers, 2 pharmacies, 21 health posts and 12 private clinics in the Woreda in 2016. 106. Regarding Health professionals there were 32 nurses of all types, 10 health officers, 8 lab technicians, 4 environmental health officers, 52 health extension works and 6 pharmacy technicians who were providing health services for the community in the same year. The top 10 diseases recorded in the Woreda include; Malaria, Gastritis, URTI, Helminthiasis, Skin infection, RTI, Typhoid fever, Rheumatism, Pneumonia and Intestinal Parasites in their order of importance.

5.5.3 Water Supply and Sanitation 107. With respect to access to water supply and sanitation facilities, data obtained from Water Supply offices of each Woreda indicates that, more than 55% of the households residing in the project areas have no access to potable water supply sources. 108. Thus, rivers, unprotected springs and hand-dug wells are major source of water supply to people in the project areas. The existing and potential problem of health problem risk is high due to contamination of these sources from public and other solid and liquid wastes. As a common practice of the rural part of the country, there is no proper disposal of waste in the project locality. Protection of water sources also from road construction impacts is therefore of high importance.

5.5.4 Energy source 109. The major energy source is biomass including firewood, crop residue and animal dung that are used extensively. Electricity is only available at urban centers, where it is used for lighting. Firewood

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 40 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

holds the highest rank and charcoal in the second place for urban dwellers. Firewood & crop residue serve as energy supply in first & second place in rural area.

5.5.5 Transport and communication Services 110. There is an existing gravel road that connects Nekempte and Bure. There is also an access road constructed by URAP that connects the Woreda capitals with Kebele centres. However, other than at the capital towns, no public transport is available in other parts of the Woredas. Thus, puck animals and walking are the major means of mobility. In addition to telephone landlines, all project road corridors have access to mobile telephones services. In addition, there are postal services at all Woreda capitals. Commercial banking services are also available at all Woreda capitals.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 41 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

6 Project Impacts Identification and Evaluation 111. The potential positive and adverse social impacts created by the construction of the project road are identified through field trips and consultations conducted with PAPs, government officials and experts; and by reviewing ESIA, RPF (2013) and other documents.

6.1 Positive Impacts 112. The construction of the project road will create subsequent increase and utilization of agricultural inputs and services that will result in increased production (crop and livestock) and, due to lower transport costs and improved and extended market access and opportunities, there will be higher farm gate prices for local produce. The construction of the project road, in the short and medium term will create impacts such as reductions in vehicle operating cost, transport and time costs for public passenger and for freight transports, and for private vehicle users, and improvement in the availability of transport facilities and services. It will also allow easier access to health, education and other public service facilities. In the long term, it will create development impulses that will bring about economic structural changes and growth and improved quality of life for the people residing in the project area. 113. More specifically the upgrading of the project road will have the following positive impacts:

• Improved access to local and regional markets, • Improved access to public services (health and education services, animal health services, etc.), • Contributed for the growth of increased / improved trade and market facilities, • Increase price for agricultural produces (crop and livestock), • Increased and timely availability of agricultural inputs, • Increased agricultural production per hectare of farmland due to cheaper inputs, • Development of small business and investment projects, • Growth of urban centers and communication facilities, • Improved provision of social services and facilities, • Employment opportunity created for the local population (women will also benefit working as laborers) in the project road and • Income generation created by the local population (mainly by women) through sales of goods and services to construction workers.

6.2 Adverse Social Impacts In addition to the positive impacts resulting from the upgrading of the project road, a number of adverse negative impacts may also be created as noted above, including land acquisition and resettlement, loss of assets and income, loss of access, and wider social disruptions including potential conflicts within communities and families triggered by these socioeconomic changes. 114. In the course of preparing this RAP the consultant has carried out field level investigation, such as, household census of PAPs, taking inventory of properties and assets for the affected households, assessing the livelihood of PAPs, and conducting public consultation; and also valuation of property and compensation estimates for each of the affected households.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 42 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

115. The RAP describes income restoration measures for the PAPs, and establishes methodologies for compensation estimate and payment. The RAP will facilitate the rehabilitation of Project Affected Persons and restores their livelihood and avoid PAPs from becoming impoverished due to the upgrading of the project road. 116. During the road design, land acquisition and resettlement have to be considered as the main factors in deciding the ROW. Accordingly, a 7-14 meters, or end of slope stake plus 3m which ever greater, wide ROW is applied in rural and 21m in urban areas; to reduce the environmental and socio- economic impact and additional cost to be incurred by the client. 117. In addition, realignments in urban sections of the project area have been avoided so as to reduce the relocation of houses and shops and existing public infrastructure like water supply pipe lines, electric poles, drainage structures, etc. As a result, in all of the major villages and towns located along the project road no significant disruption of existing livelihood status is expected due to the improvement of the existing road. In fact, improvements in terms of drainage facilities, pedestrian walkways and others have been included in the proposed road upgrading design as part of benefit enhancement measures for residents of the towns. 118. In addition, most of the towns traversed by the project road have master plans to guide their development and construction activities. In all cases the master plan has allotted more than 20 meter for the main road that crosses the towns. Therefore, the master plans of the towns are considered in the final engineering design to minimize road side displacement and solve grievances from local administrative bodies. 119. In order to minimize the quantity of land acquisition and loss of assets, further adjustments for horizontal alignment have been made to avoid routing through highly populated areas; longitudinal gradients have been adjusted to shorten height of fills and depth of cuts. 120. Moreover, efforts will be made to minimize the influence caused by land acquisition and resettlement during the whole construction period. The temporary land used for borrow pits, quarry sites, stock pile and spoil disposal areas will focus on waste land or waste hills, which are not suitable for agricultural land. The will also be located in reasonable distance from settlements and water sources to avoid any secondary impacts.

6.3 Impacts on Project Affected Persons 121. The impact of the project on households varies from permanent impacts on lands and assets to temporary impacts to loss of access. Physical relocation to a new residence is not expected, but some PAPs will have to rebuild their residences further away from the road on existing plots. 122. Social effect of resettlement of PAPs will include disruption of education for school-going children or relocation of employment opportunities for employed persons. It is important that the project addresses topics like traffic safety, above all for children, as well as community-worker relations, dust and noise, demarcation and fencing of unsafe work sites, etc. 123. Results of household census survey and asset inventory showed that 648 households (3,648PAPs) and 16 Public Institutions (Offices) are directly affected by the implementation of the road project. Among the project affected households 581 HHs (87.5%) are male-headed households, 67(10.09%) are female-headed households and 16 are Public Institutions. Out of the the total

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 43 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

number of PAHH, only 13 PAHH are considered as severely affected and also physically displaced. The rest of the PAHH are not considered as severely affected and do not require to be physically relocated to new locations. 124. According to the census, the impact on properties shows that 60 resedential houses, 100 bussinesses, 6 offices and 11 fences; 74.87 hectares of farm and grazing land and 30,792 different types of trees (mostly Eucalyptus); and 290 electrcity poles and 20 telecommunication poles are identified to be affected. 125. The age distribution of the PAHH shows that the average age of household heads within the RoW is 52 years. The youngest household head is 25 years old while the oldest 78 years old. 126. The main occupation for the household heads in the RoW is farming comprising (94%). The remaining 6% comprise traders, government employees and others. Table 12: PAPs with type of impact

No. Type of Impact No. of PAHH No. of Affected Male Female Total PAPs Institutions Commercial buidings 1 /Businesses/ 74 11 85 425 - 2 Resedential Houses 45 11 56 280 - 3 Offices - - - - 6 4 Fence 4 4 20 4 5 Farmland 194 19 213 1065 3 6 Trees 264 26 290 1450 3 Total 581 67 648 3240 16

6.3.1 Severely Affected PAPs 127. Severely affected PAPs are those who will lose more than 20% of their farmland and/or business enterprises and cannot re-establish the former use and practice of their assets/resources (or maintain their livelihood) in the remaining area of their farmland and/or continue business enterprises. Thus, the Project will be responsible to provide support and to ensure income restoration measures to such PAHH in addition to payment of compensation for the lost assets and properties. Out of 141 PAHs who have lost their residential houses and businesses in the project area, 13PAHHs (95 PAPs) have fully lost their business enterprisesand resdences. So that, these HHs will receive full resettlement packages including the obvious compensation for lost assets, allowances for lost business during construction, and transfer to other places as well as livelihood restoration measures. Out of the above 13 HH who have fully lost their residential and bussinses, 7 HH will not require to be physically displaced to other locations since they have sufficient plot in their backyard to construct new houses having equivalent size and area to their demolished house and hence, there is no need of relocating them to other places.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 44 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

6.3.2 Non-severely Affected PAPs 128. Based on the census, 635 households (3,028 PAPs) and 16 Public Institutions (offices) are considered as not severely affected due to the project road constrcuction works. This means they will lose less than 20% of their current size of farmland, residential houses and /or business enterprise. These PAPs will receive full compensation for the lost assets and properties. These non-severely affected households will be able to continue living and working within their present plot of farmland and business enterprise and continue their livelihood with the amount of compensation paid for the lost assets and properties.

6.3.3 Vulnerable PAPS 129. During the preparation of this RAP there are 169 disadvantaged persons or vulnerable PAHH who need special consideration during the implementation of resettlement/rehabilitation measures have been identified. The following are categories of PAHHs identified as vulnerable groups; 130. Female Headed Households: During the household census survey 72 female headed households have been identified as vulnerable groups because they likely face higher challenges to earn family incomes and are more subjected to socioeconomic shocks and risks. Participation of women in public decisions is culturally limited and thus leading to further disadvantages. Therefore, most female headed households are poor which increases the risk of adverse impacts from displacement. 131. Elderly People: During the household census survey 79 households have been identified as vulnerable because they are labor poor due to their age and poor health condition. The elderly people are the most respected category of the population in the project area. They usually act as representatives of the community groups and serve in traditional institutions. They are socially respected leaders of the community and provide guidance and advice to their community and they also provide advice and support for decision makers. However, since the elderly may be physically weak and may face health problems, they are more exposed to risks and shocks that may be result from displacement effects. 132. People with Disabilities (PWD): During the same survey 18 PAPs were identified as disabled persons. Culturally, local communities respect and support people with disabilities. Despite such support, in most cases, PWD are part of the vulnerable segments of the population. Like older people, PWD may not have the capacity to engage in labor-intensive productive economic activities. In the project area they mostly rely on their family and other close relatives for their basic needs. In addition, they have low access to basic social services like school, health facilities, etc., that would enhance their income-earning capacity. 133. Thus, during RAP implementation, special attention, support and care will be given to this category of PAPs. The support will encompass support in rebuilding their houses, transferring and transporting their household items and materials to the newly constructed residential houses or houses used for business purpose, special attention to the restoration of easy access, etc. In addition, to support and rehabilitate these vulnerable PAPs about ETB 2,535,000 is allocated. Moreover, the respective Woreda and town administration promised to provide land that could be used for farming or commercial purpose.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 45 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

6.4 Impact on Physical Assets

6.4.1 Impact on Agricultural land 134. Construction of the road causes a permanent loss of productive lands or topsoil that is under various uses, predominantly under agricultural activities, above all growing of crops and trees. The main cause of the impact is land acquisition for construction of the realignment sections, alignment improvements, widening the road width, disposal of spoil materials and for exploitation of construction material sources (quarries and borrow pits). This is related to the difficulty of finding unoccupied lands or less productive areas that are suitable for spoil disposal in terms of land use, topography and accessibility conditions. 135. In the project area most of the available land is under intensive agricultural activities and settlements. Since farmland is a scarce resource in the project road corridor, there will not be any disposal of spoils on agricultural and grazing lands. Any action of disposing waste on farm and grazing land aggravates the existing shortage of arable land and grazing area to support the existing human and livestock population. To minimize the impact on agricultural land due to waste disposal, maximum effort will be made not to dispose any type of waste on farmlands. Incase in some specific conditions where there are not option except to dispose on farmlands, the proposed mitigation measure includes to reinstate farmlands to its original condition immediately after the end of the construction works. The best alternative is, to avoid using farm and grazing lands for waste disposal and instead to use marginal lands for waste disposal and provide compensation payment for PAPs losing their agricultural land that is used for waste disposal. The contractor has to find marginal lands to dispose spoils even if the marginal land is located in far distance location or outside of the construction site. Absence of disposal sites nearby to the construction site could not become an excuse to dispose it on farm or grazing land. 136. In addition, the road project causes temporary loss of lands in relation to construction of diversion roads, access roads to material sources, materials processing sites and camps, and establishment of construction camps. Accordingly, as indicated in Table 13, about 74.87 hectares of farmland is affected. Out of these, about 19.87 hectares will be permanently affected due to ROW widening and about 55 hectares is acquired for camp establishment, quarry and borrow sites. Table 13: Summary of Land Acquisition Requirements Required Area (ha) Purpose Permanently Temporarily Right-of-Way 19.87 Camp Site 10 Construction Material Sources 35 Detour Road 6 Access Road 2 Explosive warehouse 2 Total 19.87 55 Source: Inventory Conducted by the Consultant, 2017

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 46 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

137. As indicated above, except the ROW requirement, the other land requirements to be alienated temporarily are to be allocated mainly for ancillary works. As presented in the above table, a total of 55 hectares of land is estimated to be used for ancillary works, such as camp sites, material sources (quarry and borrow pit), detour and access roads. The basic assumption here is that those temporarily alienated land will be reinstated to their original status and the PAPs will reuse the land. In case this seems unlikely due to site conditions, deviations need to be agreed on with PAPs, ensuring that the land value after re-instatement is at the same or better level than prior to its acquisition. For additional ancillary works identified and selected during construction, the requisite RAP or addendum to the RAP prepared will follow the clearance and disclosure protocols as laid out in this RAP.

6.4.2 Impact on Trees and Plantations 138. Next to impacts on farming land, of importance are also trees, as they will be permanently removed on all lands acquired temporarily or permanently. Main tree type in the area is Eucalyptus, of which 30,622 will be affected. Table 14: Number and Size of Eucalyptus & Other Trees Affected Size and Number of Eucalyptus Trees Quantity Small 17,880 Medium 12,214 Big 528 Total 30,622 Other types of trees 170 Total 30,792 Source: Field Inventory Conducted by the Consultant, 2017

6.4.3 Impact on Housing and other Structures 139. The findings of the asset inventory showed that the project would affect 166 structures that have occupied (5,622 m2). Out of the total affected housing units, 60 are residential houses, 100 are different business structures and 6 are Offices for community/public owned institutions. Table 15: Summary of Affected Building Structures

S.N Types of Houses Affected Number 1 Residential Houses 60 2 Business Structures 100 3 Offices 6 Total 166 Source: Socioeconomic Survey, Field Inventory, 2017 140. Moreover, out of the 166 affected structures, only 13 will be fully demolished due to the ROW widening. As previously noted, the impact of the project on housing and farmland does not initiate or require resettlement or relocation of PAPs, as all impacted plots stretch further away from the

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 47 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

ROW, allowing rebuilding of structures. Residual construction materials after demolition of the constructions will be deemed as a property of PAPs and they will be only required to remove these materials after completion of dismantling works. 141. PAHs will be compensated at full replacement cost for their structures. Cost of compensation has been calculated without the depreciation costs. The engineering design survey has made maximum efforts not to cross populated areas in particular urban centers and villages that have high concentration to minimize the impact on housing units.

6.4.4 Impacts on Social Infrastructure and Utilities 142. It is anticipated that some water supply lines, poles and other infrastructures will be dislocated in different towns and villages found along the road upgrading project during the construction period because of their location within the right of way. The project will be responsible to restore these pipes and, if water systems are impacted during construction, to provide adequate water for impacted neighborhoods and households. About 209 electric poles and 20 telephone poles will also be relocated from the road project ROW. 143. The impact created due to the relocation of affected houses and utilities can be avoided and/or considerably reduced by careful and appropriate engineering designs. Thus, the design of the project road has given due attention for not disturbing houses and utilities in the urban sections due to the widening of ROW and new realignment sites. In addition, prior to the commencement of construction, all public services that will be affected will be relocated to minimize disruptions to the services. 144. To this effect, ERA will notify the appropriate authorities about the relevant dates and request completion of relocation works for the utilities before the commencement of the construction works in the respective section. Once compensation is paid by ERA to the service providers of the utility lines, it shall be removed within a given time frame from the date of receipt of the compensation. However, the required mitigation measures for protection during relocation of existing services (utilities) will be proposed to be included in the work activities. This means that at the time of shifting or demobilizing the existing utilities, due cares and attention will be taken on the need to do basis in order to ensure safety and security of the local residents and the respective surrounding environment as per the safeguarding policies.

6.4.5 Impacts on Access A major observed challenge in road projects is the restoration of access. Adverse impacts may result from open drainage ditches, which cut access for households living next to the road. The project will therefore cover drainage ditches when passing settlements. A second challenge is deep cuts. If settlements are located nearby, the Project will consult with the PAPs and restore access in a suitable way so that livelihoods are of the same or better level as pre-project. Special attention needed to be given to vulnerable groups, including People with Disabilities (PWD) and elderly. The Project will thereby take safety risks into consideration and install respective measures, including fences or guardrails; with a special focus on protecting children.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 48 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

6.4.6 Impact on incomes and Livelihood 145. As noted above, incomes and livelihood of the population in the Woredas traversed by the road project and that of the PAPs is dependent on land and farming activities. The non - farm economic activities include small-scale trade activities that are mainly observed in the urban centers and rural trade centers. The urban centers in the project area serve as economic and trade hubs, political and administrative centres; and centres for transaction of agricultural produces and for the purchase of consumables as well. Since economic activities in the area have not well developed and hence, there is limited market integration and business opportunities have not yet fully developed. 146. Most household income levels of local populations and also that of the PAPs is at subsistence level. As per interviews conducted with the affected population, the majority of the interviewees were not able to estimate their daily or monthly income levels. Similar studies from different parts of the country show that the average monthly income for households in similar rural setting is estimated to vary from 500 ETB to 750 ETB. However, it could not be verified that these numbers are applicable to the project PAPs. As noted above, the limited impacts of land let assume though that impact on income due to acquisition of farm land will not be severe and no household has been identified which would lose more than 20% of their holdings. Losses may result mainly from impacts on businesses as noted above. Overall the Project has assessed that 142 will need additional livelihood restoration measures, which will include the development of a business plan, provision of inputs, and trainings for each individual household. ERA will coordinate with the local committees and the Woredas in facilitating such support.

6.4.7 Impacts on Business Enterprises 147. The project area is mainly rural and dependent on agricultural production. It is only in the urban centers that small-scale businesses enterprises are located. In the project area, the major business enterprises affected are small shops, tearooms, restaurants and other roadside commercial activities. Accordingly, building structures located by the roadside are affected by the widening of road ROW. These structures will be relocated and support provided during the time of re- establishment.

6.5 Spread of STD and HIV/AIDS 148. The HIV/AIDS pandemic is spreading worldwide and heating hard poor countries mainly. Sub Saharan Africa, with only 10% of the world population is having 80% of the world HIV infection and AIDS cases. Among the Sub Saharan African countries, Ethiopia stands fifth in HIV/AIDS infection. The movement of people from place to place, either voluntarily or involuntarily contributes to the spread of HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS now is no more health or clinical problem only; it has now become a major social and economic problem of a country. In Ethiopia, the HIV/AIDS pandemic, in recent years, has emerged as a major health hazard, affecting mainly the age group of 15 to 49 years. In 2005, distribution HIV/AIDs shows 3% for the country, of which, 3%among men and 4% among women. The urban and rural distribution also shows 10.5% in urban areas and 1.9% in rural areas. 149. As per the 2005 report of the Federal HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office, there are 1,320,000 persons living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. Among the above number, 634,000 live in rural areas and

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 49 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

the remaining 686,000 live in urban areas. In Oromia National Regional State that is crossed by the road project the rate of HIV/AIDS distribution in 2005 was estimated to be 1.4%. Specific data is not available for each of the Woredas crossed by the project. Having understood the magnitude of the problem as well as the huge resource needed to combat HIV/AIDS, the Ethiopian Government issued a policy, which calls for an integrated effort of multi-sectoral response to control the epidemic. 150. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia published a Policy on HIV/AIDS in 1998. The Ethiopian Government’s HIV/AIDS policy urges communities at large, including government ministries, local governments and the civil society to assume responsibility for carrying out HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention campaigns. The general objective of the policy is “to provide an enabling environment for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the country”. Construction and other similar type of works are considered to be having high potential (due to their mobility) for the spread of communicable diseases, such as Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) and HIV/AIDS. The spread of the disease could either be from the construction workforce or the local population. This is partly true because construction workers are mostly young and sexually active group of the population and are mobile, and have more income than the local population to spend. This will attract sex workers and bar owners to come to the nearby towns to campsites and start such businesses. Hence, the increase in the number of sex workers and alcoholism are believed to contribute to the spread STD and HIV/AIDS. Hence, proposed mitigation measures include;

• Prepare awareness creation plan to address the problem and spread of STD and HIV/AIDS among project workers and local communities • Provide education for local communities regarding the spread of HIV/AIDs and STDs in public places, schools, and through community clubs and groups • Work closely local health service giving institutions to control the spread of STD and HIV/AIDS • PAPs who are HIV/AIDs positive if relocated will be provided with special support and care because of the nature of their illness • Free distribution of condoms both male and female type • Produce leaflets and road side posters about HIV/AIDs

6.6 Impact on Community Health 151. One of the potential health impacts is the spread of malaria among construction workers. Malaria is among the top ten diseases in some locations of the direct zone of influence, and that will pose health risks to the construction workers and local communities. It mainly spreads during the peak agricultural season, between the months of June to September. Mitigation measures to be implemented include:

• Distribution of mosquito nets to construction workers and local communities in the direct zone of influence of the project road corridor in close collaboration with local health facilities. • Filling up of quarry sites and borrow pits immediately after the completion of construction works; else quarry and borrow pits, if not filled up, will become breeding places for mosquitoes.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 50 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

6.7 Further Social Impacts

6.7.1 Impact on Women 152. In Ethiopia, there is high gender disparity and this is also believed to be one of the major bottlenecks for development. This high gender disparity between men and women negatively affects the development of a nation and its wealth distribution. Among the negative social impacts, resettlement/relocation of PAPs may affect women more than men. 153. In road construction works, women do not receive equal employment opportunities with contractors, in most cases, favoring employment of men over women. Other projects have proven that women can provide equally valuable works and thus provision of employment opportunities shall be supported. 154. Lack of other employment opportunities increase also the risk of power imbalance between employed men and unemployed women, resulting in women taking over marginal activities and being engaged as sex workers, which exposes them to increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDs and unwanted pregnancies. But also, apart from sex work, high income disparities between women and men will lead to dependences. In case of couples breaking up and male workers moving on, local women may be stigmatized in their own communities. 155. The following mitigation measures need to be addressed by the Contractor:

• Ensure women's participation and improve their employment opportunities by developing guidelines and regulations to ensure that women receive equal employment opportunities and to avoid discrimination against women • Support female headed households and other women interested or willing to provide catering services to contractors’ work force. Such measure will encourage local women be able to generate income to support their families. Ensure at the same time that working conditions are appropriate and safe. • Give special attention for female-headed households in employment and delivery of other services. Since the different types of negative social impacts affect more on women than men, there is a need for women to be consulted concerning the proposed mitigation measures to address those negative impacts. • Ensure that workers sign a Code of Conduct and that Sexual Exploitation and Abuse towards female workers or local women result in immediate dismissal. • Provide education and awareness creation on reproductive health, STD and HIV/AIDS to women residing in the project influence area. 156. In cases of resettlement/displacement, special emphasis needs to be placed on ensuring that the compensation arranged for both men and women, is fair. To this effect efforts have to be made that project affected women will participate in decision making positions e.g. women to be represented in the committees to be established at the community and Woreda level (at least more than 30% of each committee members to be women). 157. New employments opportunities in the project, especially positions that don’t require skills, have to be used as an instrument to decrease the vulnerability of the project affected female-headed HHs.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 51 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

During road construction equal opportunities should be given to men and women members of the local communities. At least 30% of the local people to be employed should be women. 158. To this effect, the day-to-day activities of the HIV/AIDS, STD and Gender activities will be monitored by the Environmental and Social Management Unit (ESMU) of the supervision consultant. The specialized service provider for the awareness campaigns will prepare monthly and quarterly reports to be submitted to the supervision consultant. The reports will provide updated information on will include HIV/AIDS, STD and Gender based activities highlighting key issues and problem areas and recommended measures for resolving identified bottlenecks. The supervision consultant will forward the progress reports to ERA’s project team as well as to the Women’s Affairs Office (WAO). As part of the monitoring of the Gender Action Plan, ERA’s Women’s Affairs Directorate will conduct field visits at least twice a year. The Office will also participate in all implementation support missions and other field visits made by ERA and the financer. ERA will ensure that respective resources are available to expedite the monitoring of the gender action plan.

6.7.2 Conflicts between locals and influx labour 159. Major conflicts between local communities and contractor’s influx workers are not expected in the project area. However, minor contractor/local community disputes concerning real or perceived issues may undoubtedly arise during the construction period, particularly if the project contractor does not provide first priority for project affected communities to get employment. 160. The suddenly created demand for items such as food, drinks and different services may raise the prices of local products/services. The cash inflow may also temporarily inflate local prices and cause bad feelings in the local population. The people selling their products or services will benefit, while those who are dependent on the same purchases may suffer the increased prices. Therefore, occasional and personal conflicts could be expected due to this and many other reasons. 161. Proposed mitigation measures

• ERA will formally encourage the contractor to hire local labor wherever possible, this helps the project to maximize benefit distribution and for its social acceptability • The construction contract shall include a clause which requires the contractor to use his best endeavours to maximize local hire of labor, in so far as this is compatible with his skill requirements; and • In case conflicts occur between construction workers and local population, conflicts shall be solved in a peaceful manner with the support of local level administration bodies. To this effect, the project contractor shall prepare influx labor management plan and implement it accordingly

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 52 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

7 . Valuation and Compensation Methods for Loss of Assets

7.1 Compensation Procedures and Approach 162. The strategy adopted for compensation of the affected properties / assets follows the Federal Government and Regional Government laws and regulations. In addition to the FDRE & Regional Governments laws and regulations, ERA’s RPF and WB policies are adopted in the process setting procedures for compensation payment. 163. As a result, compensation for land, structures, business, fixed improvements and other temporary impacts are based on, among other things, market valuation, production & productivity valuation, negotiated settlements, material and labor valuation, disposition of salvage materials and other fees paid. The responsibility to assess assets and assign compensation values lies with the Asset Valuation Committees (AVCs) which need to be established on Woreda level. 164. If relocation of business becomes necessary, access to customers and suppliers will be assured. In addition, workers losing employment in the process of relocating are being entitled to transitional

income support. 165. Compensation for temporary impacts is calculated on the basis of the criterion/principles;

• Compensation equivalent to lost income required for the duration of impact, • Compensation equivalent to lost income required for loss of access, and • Physical restoration of assets (or access). 166. In addition, PAPs are entitled to transitional assistance which include moving expenses, temporary residence (if necessary), employment training and income support while awaiting employment and have an option for full replacement cost if duration of impact is to exceed two years. It should be noted that costs of construction vary from one locality to the other and that inflation adjustments will be applied in case of payment delays. Table 16: Replacement cost by type of impact No. Agricultural Land For Public Infrastructure For Houses Market cost of the materials to build a replacement structure Pre-project or pre- (house) with an area and displacement, whichever is Pre-project or pre- quality similar to or better than higher with similar or improved I. displacement, whichever the affected house, or to repair public infrastructure facilities is higher a partially affected house and services and located in the ensuring restoration with an vicinity of the affected area area and quality similar to or better than the affected house Market value of land of equal productive The cost of transporting The cost of transporting II. potential or use located building materials to the building materials to the in the vicinity of the construction site. construction site. affected land.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 53 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

No. Agricultural Land For Public Infrastructure For Houses The cost of land preparation to levels The cost of any labor and The cost of any labor and III. similar to those of the contractors' fees. contractors' fees. affected land. The cost of any The cost of any registration and The cost of any registration and IV. registration and transfer transfer taxes transfer taxes. taxes.

7.2 Basis for Valuation 167. The basis for the valuation of affected assets and properties is Gross Current Replacement Cost (GCRC). ERA’s RPF defines Gross Current Replacement Cost as ‘the estimated cost of erecting a building as new having the same gross external area as that existing with the site works and services on a similar piece of land’. The valuation process considers the use of “compensation value” for affected properties.

7.2.1 Residential Lands 168. PAPs losing part of their housing plot that is located either in rural or urban areas will be allowed to retain the remaining portion of the plot to construct new houses as long as it is located outside of the ROW. 169. The project affected households and institutions that would be relocated from their current location will receive compensation equivalent to the location advantage they might lose due to the project.

7.2.2 Valuation for Loss of Houses 170. In determining replacement cost for loss of houses and other structures, the following points are considered;

• Current construction cost and no allowance for deprecation is considered;

• Depreciation of the asset and the value of salvage materials are not taken into account. • The unit rate (or bill of quantity) is estimated based on the type of the affected houses. The cost of each house that would be replaced is estimated on the basis of specification and bill of quantities prepared by the municipalities of each town and verified by the AVCs and PAPs; Irrespective of the location of the area, the unit costs for the similar types of houses are taken to be identical. • Estimate the disturbance allowance. The disturbance allowance is considered to cover the loss of established businesses, and include social disruptions and inconveniencies. Disturbance allowance will be used by PAPs to cover expenses associated with relocation including access to social and public services. 171. The formula adopted as per proclamation 135/2007 shows;

• Cost of construction (current value) • Cost of permanent improvement on land • Amount of refundable money for the remaining term of lease contract.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 54 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Table 17: Types of Structures and Average Construction Cost Quantity Unit Types of Structures Unit Total Cost Affected Cost House Structure Mud and wood Wall with CIS M2 5,110 2,500 12,775,000 Roofing Wood wall with grass Roofing M2 512 1,500 768,000

Sub-Total(A) 5,622 13,543,000 Fence M 400 150 60,0000 GrandTotal 13,603,000 Source: Asset Valuation Committee, 2017

7.2.3 Valuation for permanent Loss of Agricultural Land / Crop Loss 172. The principle for permanent loss of agricultural land /crop loss/ is that it should be compensated with land for land compensation (or land for land replacement) in those areas where land is available for replacement. In the extent at which the agricultural land loss cannot be replaced, the principles for monetary compensation will apply. 173. Cash compensation is paid for loss of crops and trees affected both permanently; and for temporarily lost agricultural land. The Woreda agriculture offices establish the compensation unit rates for loss of trees and for crops from lost agricultural land. The cost estimate for compensation payment is based on the Woreda agriculture office production and yield estimate and market price data collected for five years. The unit rates for loss of trees and crops from lost agricultural land is prepared by the AVCs and submitted for approval to the Resettlement / implementation committees. Table 18: Valuation formula for perennial crops Crops Ripe perennial crops Unripe perennial crops The total area of the land in Annual yield in kg No. of plants (legs) m2 Cost incurred to grow an Value of the crops per kg Current price of the produce individual plat The amount of crops to be Cost of permanent Cost of permanent obtained per m2 improvement on land improvement on land Cost of permanent

improvement of land

174. A PAP whose agricultural land is expropriated for the project road will be compensated as per proclamation No. 455/2005, which provides displacement compensation for rural landholders whose lands expropriated permanently that amounts ten times the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 55 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

Table 19: Types of Losses from Agricultural Land No. Category of Losses Type of Losses Farmland (annual & perennial crops) Permanent and Temporary loss Land planted with Timber Trees A of land Housing plot and compound Business premises plot Income from standing crops Income from share cropping B Income sources and livelihood Income from affected business Income from perennial crops Income from trees C Public utilities Loss of Electricity and Telephone poles Environmental impacts that will result due D Environment related to construction activities / works

175. The principle of compensation also follows that of income restoration of PAPs. According to the five-year average crop budget and gross income is calculated and the proportion of income equivalent to land loss is determined. To compensate the forgone benefit and income from agricultural land, cash compensation is the only option. In the case of fruit trees, the calculation will take into account a major interruption of the income series after a tree has reached its economic limit of life and a new tree planted instead will have reached its fruit bearing age. To ensure that compensation payments are spent productively, basic financial trainings shall be offered as part of the payment process.

7.2.4 Valuation for Temporary Dispossession of Agricultural Land 176. The valuation methodology for the amount of crop loss from temporarily affected agricultural land will be identified;

• Average price per crop type (five year average price for total loss) • Land type (irrigated and non-irrigated) and size for each type of crop • Average production per hectare • Number of farming season (or production season) The average net income earned from one hectare of land will be calculated according to a farm budget by using local market prices.

177. Considering the nature of the project, the extent of land expropriation is unlikely that there will be anything other than a low level of impact as far as agricultural landholders and the overall project are concerned.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 56 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

178. An estimated19.87 and 55 hectares of farmland will be lost permanently and temporary respectively due to the construction of the project road. The estimated compensation for loss of permanent farmland will be ETB 6, 863,567.52 and 6,099,514.56 for temporary loss of farmland. The unit rates for loss of perennial crops and annual crops from lost agricultural land will be revised by the AVC and submitted for approval to the Resettlement / Implementation committee and ERA by adopting the methodology presented for crops as per regulation No 135/2007. The revision of the unit rates by the AVC will be done during the implementation of this RAP and prior to the commencement of construction works.

Table 20: Summary of cropland affected along the road S.N Description Quantity 1 Estimated Farmlands Permanently affected due to ROW widening in 19.87 hectares 2 Estimated Farmlands Temporary affected in hectares 55

7.2.5 Cost estimate for permanent loss of crop

Table 21: Summary of crops affected along the road and cost for permanent compensation

No. Crop Type Area Productivity Unit price Year Total Quintal/hectare

1 Maize 8.8441 67.84 470.00 10 2,819,923.60

2 Teff 7.0172 22.82 1,161.00 10 1,859,138.37

3 Pepper 2.7324 22.96 3,380.00 10 2,120,473.56

4 Potato 0.024 262 400.00 10 25,152.00

5 Seasame 0.144 9 3000.00 10 38,880.00

Sub Total 18.7617 6,863,567.52

7.2.6 Cost estimate for temporary loss of land

Table 22: Summary of crops affected along the road and cost for temporary compensation No Crop Type Area Productivity Unit Year Total Quintal/hectare Price

1 Maize 31 67.84 470.00 3 2,965,286.40 2 Teff 16 22.82 1,161.00 3 1,271,712.96 3 Pepper 8 22.96 3,380.00 3 1,862,515.20 Sub Total 55 6,099,514,56 Grand Total (A+B) 12,963,082.08

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 57 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

7.2.7 Valuation for Impacts on Different Types of Trees 179. The affected trees are divided into two major categories, namely; timber trees and fruit trees. The most affected trees are Eucalyptus trees having three different sizes and its total number is 30,622. The fruit trees that will be affected are 170, which include papaya and Mango and the largest number being Mango. Table 23: Estimated Compensation Cost for Affected Trees S.No. Size of Affected Average Estimated Quantity Eucalyptus Tree Price Compensation Cost 1 Small 17,880 60 1,072,800 2 Medium 12,214 450 5,496,300 3 Big 528 1000 528,000 Sub-Total 30,622 7,097,100 4 Other types of trees 170 503 85,500 Grand Total 30,792 7,182,600

7.2.8 Valuation for Public Utility Lines 180. A total of 229 electric poles will be affected due to the construction works and having an estimated value of 1,418,499 ETB; and this cost estimates also based on experiences from other similar road projects, an average cost of ETB 6,194 per pole can be used for relocation budget estimate. This cost estimate includes labor and transportation of utilities as per current market value (time value of money). The exact cost assessment shall be done with the utility providers when actual relocation takes place. ERA will be responsible to notify the appropriate authorities of the relevant dates, and request completion of relocation works before the commencement of the construction works. The relocation of the affected public properties is normally carried out by the service providers upon payment of relocation cost and needs to be completed prior to commencement of the works.

7.3 Livelihood and Income Restoration Measures 181. Livelihood and income restoration refers to reestablishment of income levels for the PAPs prevalent at the time of displacement. Income restoration is an important component for the resettlement of PAPs who have lost their productive base, businesses, jobs, or other income sources, regardless of whether they have also lost their houses. It is a dynamic plan of action that is used and required to re-establish the income streams overtime. 182. In livelihood and income restoration, issues such as, source of livelihood (monetary and non- monetary), availability of land for replacement, existing skills of PAPs, employment opportunities and income restoration options will be provided. 183. In order to achieve the proposed livelihood restoration plan and actions, the provision of skill training and advice in entrepreneurship and financial management is highly important and critical for those PAPs who are planning to establish small businesses or micro enterprises either as an individual or in a group. Without proper training and advice it will be difficult for PAPs to realize the planned livelihood restoration measures.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 58 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

184. In this regard, there is a need to prepare a detailed livelihood and income restoration plan for PAPs by identifying the specific target groups, envisaged activities with timeliness and roles/responsibilities for implementation and monitoring. The preparation of the livelihood restoration plan should be based on assessment of the potential income generating activities, existing market conditions and also on the basis of skills and interests of PAPs. Inline with this any proposed livelihood and income restoration plan should be prepared on a clearly set and identified market strategy, financial resource and based on local capacity and skill. Hence, it is proposed that livelhood and income restoration plan will be designed and prepared in consultation with stakeholders and PAPs after the RAP for the whole road coridor is prepared. . Commented [A3]:

7.4 Community Loss Restoration 185. The implementation of the road upgrading project’s impact may extend beyond a discrete number of affected households to the wider community. In other words, a project may result in disruptions to the economic and social relations of a community that cannot simply be offset by measures that compensate and restore income to affected households. 186. Under such circumstances the contractor shall support development interventions among the broader project-affected population to mitigate those effects. These interventions shall be related to productivity or production enhancements of existing income streams through the extension of existing irrigated agriculture, construction of storage facilities, support for small-scale credit, and the formation of cooperatives and marketing strategies or the promotion of new commodities and enterprises. 187. Providing project employment for local jobless youths and women, during both the construction phase and the long-term operations phase, shall also be considered as part of the overall development package. In addition to the restoration and improvement of livelihoods, rehabilitation program shall provide opportunities to an affected community to improve public infrastructure like access roads, drainages facilities, walkways, play grounds, sanitation facilities, market centers, and services as a project benefit enhancement measures as well as engage in land use planning that contributes to the long-term development objectives of individuals and the community as a whole. 188. For example, providing the project affected population with the opportunity to move from substandard squatter housing to a planned and fully serviced site: permanent housing with water, sewerage, electricity, street lighting, and paved access as well as provision of pedestrian walkways and an appropriate drainage system for towns and villages passages shall be considered. It shall also provide the affected population with improved access to schools, health facilities, and employment opportunities.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 59 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

8 Organizational Responsibility Implementation of the RAP requires cooperation of multiple stakeholders, including ERA, contractor, consultant, Zonal administration and Woreda, local project committees, and last but not least PAH and their communities. Experience shows that structured organization is essential to avoid project delays and avoidance of perpetuated grievances.

8.1 Organizations at Federal Government Level 189. The key organization on the federal level is the Ethiopian Road Authority. A supervisory role have two ministries: the Ministry of Transport (MoT), as the superior of ERA, and the Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation (MoFEC). The latter is responsible for allocation of budgets and also the link to the World Bank. The ministries provide the overall policy guidelines and coordination at cabinet level, including ensuring adequate governance and management; as well as obviously budget release for timely operation. 190. ERA has extensive experience in the preparation and implementation for a number of RAPs that were prepared for road projects. In ERA, Western Region Directorate is responsible and accountable for the implmentation of this RAP. The Directorate is responsible for its overall management, allocation of budget and resources, assigning experinced ROW management expert, supervision, etc. The Environmental & Social Management Team has the responsiblity for the monitoring & evaluation of the RAP implementation. Table 24 shows institutions/stakeholders that have a role during planning and implementation of this RAP at the Federal Level. Table 24: List of institutions/stakeholders at Federal Government level No Institution Responsibility • Provide overall policy guidelines and coordination at cabinet level and 1 MoT • Ensure adequate governance and management • Approval and signing of WB loan; 2 MOFEC • Release and approval of funds for compensation • Overall Management and Budget Allocation for the project implementation; • Coordination with Federal Government Agencies and Regional authorities in the planning and implementation of the project • Re-establish Resettlement Implementation Committee and Asset ERA’s Valuation committees at Woreda level; Western 3 • Accountable and Responsible for the implementation of this Resettlement Region Action Plan; Directorate • Effect compensation payment for PAPs; • Implement Livelihood and income restoration measures for PAPs, • Provide support for vulnerable groups; • Monitor the restoration of public services / utilities affected by the construction works, such as, water supply, etc. 4 ERA’s • Monitor and Evaluate the implementation of the RAP

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 60 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

No Institution Responsibility ESMT • Provide technical support for the project office in training, and related activities etc. ERA`s • Monitor valuation and registration of affected properties 5 ROWMT • Effect compensation payment for PAPs

8.2 At National Regional and District Government Level 191. According to the Constitution of FDRE, Regional States have the duties and responsibilities for planning, directing and developing social and economic programs, as well as the administration, development and protection of resources of their respective regions. This is also true for Woreda (or district) administrations. The overall administration of the Woreda is governed by a council of people’s representatives known as “woreda council” and elected every five years. council. The Woreda council is similar to that of the Federal & Regional Parliament in its structure; and appoints the executive committee, which is responsible to run the day-to-day activities of the Woreda. Table 25: List of organizations Responsible for this RAP at Regional Government Level

No Organizations Responsibility

The Oromia and • Facilitate the construction of the road by informing the Amhara National 1 zonal and Woreda authorities to provide the necessary Regional Governments support and cooperation for its smooth implementation • Liase regularly with ERA to ensure structured implementation of project activities, including subversion of contractor activities • Establish Resettlement Implementation Committee, Asset Valuation Committees, and Grievance Redress Committees and ensure their proper functioning; • Participate and facilitate community consultations together Bure and Amuru with the local committees; Woreda 3 • Coordinate the valuation process and facilitate Administration Offices compensation for PAPs; • Facilitate land for land compensation; • Facilitate the preparation of relocation sites and the restoration of services; • Provide support in the implementation of livelihood restoration activities; and • Maintain data of properties removed from expropriated land. • Identify land for the relocation of PAP and provide support in restoration; and provide special attention and support for 4 Municipalities vulnerable groups, maintain data of properties removed from expropriated land

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 61 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

No Organizations Responsibility Woreda Agriculture and Rural • Coordination and support of PAPs and provide agricultural 5 Development data and cost estimates for crops. Offices • Provide advice on the fairness in relocation process and Kebele 6 valuation of compensation and coordinate on the support to Administrations be made for vulnerable groups

8.3 Representatives of PAPs 192. Representatives of PAP: PAPs will elect their representatives who will represent them in meetings and discussions to be held with the Woreda administration, asset valuation committee, resettlement/implementation committee, and grievance redress committee and with ERA’s ROW Agent and ERA’s ESMT.

8.4 Coordination between different agencies and jurisdiction 193. ERA in consultation with the MoT and MoFEC shall carry out the coordination work among the different actors at federal level, including with the WB. 194. ERA’s Western Region Directorate will have a major role in the coordination of the project planning, procurement and implementation. ERA’s Western Region Directorate will be responsible for the implementation and supervision of this RAP and as such also responsible for coordination and communication with the regional and district institutions, including the Woredas, local committees, contractors, and consultant. It is also responsible to ensure suitable logistics to be provided these local public stakeholders (other than contractor and consultant). 195. At Regional Government level, the Regional EPA, the Bureau of Labor and Social Affairs (BoLSA) other agencies will mainly play a monitoring role while Woreda administration offices will play the key role in the facilitation and implementation of the RAP by establishing Resettlement / Implementation Committees, Asset Valuation committees, and Grievance Redress Committees and by providing suitable land for relocation, coordinating compensation payments, addressing grievances, and related issues.

8.5 Resettlement Implementation Committee (RIC)

8.5.1 Establishment 196. Woreda level Resettlement Implementation Committees (RICs) will be established with the responsibility of planning, coordinating, and monitoring of compensation payments and relocation activities. The Woreda committee will also be responsible to establish similar committees at town and Kebele administration level. The Woreda level RIC will have the mandate to ensure the proper implementation this RAP, assess the timely payment of compensation to the PAPs and other support mechanisms. The committee will report directly to the Woreda Administration offices and to ERA and Supervision Consultant.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 62 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

197. Detailed Terms of Reference (TOR) and guidelines is drawn in this RAP as per FDRE legislation, ERA’s and WB guidelines. ERA’s Western Region Directorate will employ a team of experienced Sociologists & Environmentalists who will be responsible to monitor and evaluate the implementation of this RAP. 198. The task and responsibility of the resettlement/implementation committee is challenging and requires dedication and extra effort. The committee will be provided with necessary materials and equipment and also be paid allowance to carry out its tasks.

8.5.2 Duties and Responsibilities of the Committee 199. The duties and responsibilities of the committee encompass

• Facilitate consultations with impacted communities and PAPs on a regular base including disclosure of project progress information and collection and addressing of PAP feedback • Facilitate conflict resolution and addressing grievances • Coordinating and supervising the AVC, compensation payment, relocation activities • Prepare guidelines for the AVC, • Ensure that appropriate compensation procedures are adopted and followed, • Oversee Project’s requirements related to the social environment, • Establish Kebele level resettlement / implementation committees, • Clarify policies and operational guidelines about compensation for the specific project areas, • Reallocate land to permanently affected households in cooperation with the Woreda, • Monitor the disbursement of funds, • Guide and monitor the implementation of relocation, • Guide and monitor the implementation of livelihood restoration activities, • Monitor unforeseen contractor activities and guide mitigation measures if necessary, including restoration of access • Coordinate activities between the various organizations involved in relocation, • Provide support and assistance to vulnerable groups

8.5.3 Composition 200. The composition of membership for the Resettlement / Implementation committee varies in rural and urban areas. The following paragraphs present the list of proposed members of resettlement committees for rural and urban areas. 201. Proposed RIC members in Rural Areas

• Woreda Administrator – Chairperson • Woreda Agriculture & Rural Development Office Head • Woreda Capacity Building Office • Representative of ERA (ROW Agent) • Representtaives of PAPs 202. Proposed RIC members in Urban Areas

• Mayor of the town – Chairperson

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• Town Engineer/Surveyor • Communication & Mobilization Officer • Representative of ERA (ROW Agent) • Representatives of PAPs

8.6 Asset Valuation Committee

8.6.1 Establishment 203. Asset Valuation Committees will be established at each of the Woreda crossed by the road project. Once established, AVCs will review the list of PAPs and registration of assets and properties; and establishes unit rates, considering Proclamation 455/2005 and Councils of Ministers regulation 135/ 2007. 204. Different professionals such as agriculture experts and surveyors will be involved in establishing the unit rates, considering regulations and local conditions; and measuring the size of affected land and properties for compensation purpose. If the affected asset requires specialized knowledge, a separate committee of experts will be established to conduct the valuation. The table below represents the proposed members of AVCs in rural and urban areas.

8.6.2 Duties and Responsibilities of the Committee 205. The AVC will have the following major duties and Responsibilities.

• Establish standards for unit rates of affected assets and properties • Revalidate inventories of PAPs and affected assets and • Establish valuation ahead of time to facilitate compensation payment resettlement/relocation activities.

8.6.3 Composition of the committee 206. AVC in Rural Areas: The AVC established in rural areas should not exceed 5 members as per FDRE proclamation. For this RAP, the following members are proposed in line with FDRE proclamation.

• Woreda Agriculture Office Head - Chairperson • Natural Resource Expert/Forester • Crop Expert /Agronomist/ • Representatives of PAPs • Representative of ERA (ROW Agent) 207. AVC in urban areas: The AVC established in the town section/urban areas shall include the following members:

• Mayor of the town - Chair Person • Town Engineer/Surveyor • Representatives of PAPs • Representative of ERA (ROW Agent) • Kebele representatives

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8.7 Monitoring Consultant and Contractor 208. The Consultant monitors and supervises construction works on ERA’s behalf. As such, the consultant will also monitor the contractor’s environmental and social obligations and provide regular reporting to ERA. The consultant will furthermore cooperate with the local committees and government units and provide advice based on construction design and mitigation of impacts in line with this RAP. 209. The contractor has prepared this RAP on behalf of ERA based on the detailed design. The contractor will assess any changes of design during implementation on eventual environmental and social impacts and prepare draft adjustment of this RAP in form of Addenda and this is required to be cleared by ERA and World Bank. The contractor shall also inform ERA about any unforeseen impacts related to but not addressed in this RAP and prepare corrective action plans to mitigate them.

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9 Grievance Redress Mechanism 210. In case disputes arise between the RAP implementation committee and project affected persons the preferred way of settlement is through amicable means. This will save time and resources as opposed to taking the matter to court. 211. To ensure that the PAP have avenues for redressing grievances related to any aspect of land acquisition, resettlement, and other social impacts of the Project, procedures for the redress of grievances shall be established for the project. The objective is to respond to the complaints of PAPs timely and in a transparent manner. The mechanism needs to be designed to be easily accessible, transparent and fair. 212. Arbitral tribunals, so called Grievance Redress Committees (GRCs), will be formed at each Woreda and town level and is expected to settle disputes arising in the respective Kebeles. The arbitral tribunals will be established from the outset of the project road construction instead of leaving it to the disputants to appoint the arbitrators. This is the preferable option since it might take a lot of time to appoint arbitrators if left to the disputing parties. The GRC will establish a procedure in local language and regularly disclose contact persons, office hours, and procedure to ensure access by PAPs. 213. Table 26 presents the proposed grievance redress committees for the rural and urban areas each. In each of the committees, PAPs will elect two representatives to avoid any dissatisfaction. Table 26: Proposed Lists of GRC Members in Urban and Rural Areas GRCs for Urban areas (towns) GRCs for Rural Areas • One member from the Woreda Administration - • One member from the town Chairperson administration - Chairperson • One member from the Woreda Agricultural • One member from respective Office Kebele Administration • One member from the Kebele administration • Two members selected by PAPs • Two members selected by PAPs

214. In case disputes are not resolved during day-to-day consultations with PAPs, they can file a grievance with the GRC, which is located at the woreda administration office for rural areas and in the town municipality for urban areas, and each will have a focal person (or a secretariat) assigned to carry out its day-to-day activities. It is important that access to the GRC is easy, thus, PAPs can file their grievances either (i) directly with the GRC, or (ii) via a suggestion box, or (iii) via a contact phone number to the GRC. Respective information shall be regularly disclosed in village consultations and via written announcements at public places. The GRC shall establish representatives at Kebele level or alternatively visit each Kebele at least every two weeks to collect grievances at the Kebele office. 215. The GRC will register the complaint in its logbook, inform other stakeholders as necessary (ERA, AVC, contractor, consultant, etc.), collect further information via an investigation if necessary, include stakeholders in consultations, and decide on the matter. Information will be provided to all

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stakeholders involved as well as documented in the GRC’s log book. The GRC will (i) inform stakeholders within 10 days either about the outcome or (ii) inform them that further investigations are necessary and the next information will be provided in the next 20 days. According to proclamation 455/2005, PAPs dissatisfied with the decision of the GRC may appeal to the appellate court within 30 days from the date of the decision. 216. The GRC will use standard templates to collect information and document grievances and its solution. It will also provide monthly status updates to the Resettlement Implementation Committee, the ERA representative, and the Consultant. Resources for the activities of the GRC will be facilitated by ERA in a sufficient manner, including office space, stationary, and transport as well as allowances. 217. If any of the Parties disagree at the GRC level, the aggrieved party has the right to appeal. A first level of appeal shall be ERA’s ROWMT and the monitoring consultant. Alternatively, PAPs are at any time entitled to file their grievance with the ordinary courts of law in the Woreda. What should be underlined here is that the preferred option of dispute settlement ought to be finding amicable solutions because recourse to courts may take a very long time before a final decision can be reached. 218. As noted above, since the committee requires traveling from place to place and also has to visit the disputed sites a budget is required to run office and field activities. Therefore, a running cost for the office, perdiem for field trips and communication costs are expected and will be covered by ERA.

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10 Implementation Schedule and Timing 219. The implementation schedule discusses the major activities to be carried out in the implementation of the RAP. During the implementation period of this RAP, ERA will provide adequate governance and management and financial support for timely operation. 220. Since implementation of the planned activities requires clear understanding of the specific activities of the RAP, different guidelines of the Government and WB, there is a need to familiarize and create awareness of the respective committees (RIC, AVC, GRC). The awareness creation and familiarization to the committees will be done through a workshop/meeting (2-3 days) organized by ERA. The workshop will focus on how the committee members are expected to carry out their duties diligently and properly. The committees will also be provided with all the necessary materials, equipment and financial resources. Members of the committees will be provided with daily allowances at the Governments standards or with a slightly higher amount so that they could carry out their responsibility on timely and enthusiastically. 221. The AVC will be established from the very beginning of the implementation of the RAP activity, which starts from the reassessment of the affected assets and properties and identification of PAPs. This will be prior to the commencement of any construction work and from the date the contractor plans to establish his camp site. The budget for AVC includes costs for daily allowances and administration and communication costs. Members of AVC, outside of ERA staff are 5 in urban areas and 5 in rural areas. The AVC members for rural areas are expected to work for 15 days a month for a total of 6 months and those from urban areas will work 15 days a month for 3 months. The daily allowance is paid at the rate of Birr 100 per person per day estimated for 5 AVC members for rural areas at a cost of Birr 500 daily. ERA will be responsible to determine on the amount of the daily allowance for AVC members. Since the AVC members are expected to work and carry out Commented [A4]: Not clear. their assignment in addition to their day- to-day work, they need to work extra time and need to make additional efforts. Because of this, it would be realistic to provide the AVC members a daily allowance which is double the government allocated amount for civil servants. The reason to provide them double the government amount is to motivate them work extra time and expedite the valuation work. 222. From the point of view of giving high priority to the project, Woreda officials have confirmed that implementation of the RAP will be effectively and efficiently undertaken within reasonable time. The implementation of the resettlement/relocation process will pass through the following different stages / phases. The plan includes target dates for the achievement of expected benefits to the resettled/relocated or re-housed PAPs. The schedule will also indicate how the resettlement/relocation activities are linked to the implementation of the overall project.

10.1 Disclosure of RAP 223. Public disclosure of the RAP has to be made to PAPs and other stakeholders for review and feedback on impact mitigation measures and other issues in the implementation of the RAP. This RAP will be disclosed in a form, manner and language comprehensible to PAPs and at places accessible to the PAPs and other stakeholders. ERA will conduct a half-day workshop in the project area for the PAPs, stakeholders, representatives of civil societies, and local leaders with the

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objective of disclosing the RAP. ERA will disclose and post this RAP in its websites and collect feedback. Feedback will be integrated diligently in a feasible manner. 224. The RAP will be cleared by the Government of Ethiopia and the World Bank prior to disclosure. The public disclosure of this RAP will be made in Amharic and Oromiffa languages. Respective announcements will be published in official newspapers of both, Federal Government and Regional Government informing stakeholders about the public places in which the RAP will be posted, i.e., in a range of publicly accessible places such as Woreda offices, Municipalities and Kebele administration offices. The public will have to be notified also through administrative structures about the availability of the RAP documents. 225. Finally, this RAP will also be disclosed in the WB Info shop. Any additional information, including extended land acquisition and resettlement, will be published as an addendum to this RAP, to be provided by ERA. For any changes made to the RAP after disclosure or an Addendum to the RAP will follow the same clearance and disclosure protocols as for the RAP.

10.2 Committee Formation and/or Strengthening 226. ERA will request the Woredas traversed by the project road to activate the AVCs and the RICs to become operational. The notification will contain the recommended list of institutions that will be involved in the committee, provide guidance on mandate and procedures, allocate resources, and will clearly put the time frame given to undertake the different tasks. 227. Revision of household survey and inventory of assets: From past experiences it is understood that it takes some time when the implementation of the RAP begins. Usually the implementation of the RAP is carried out after the contractor has been selected. Hence, with the lapse of time there will be a lot of changes including price change and other related changes. Following changes and new developments there may be the need to revise the inventory (recording) of assets and properties and revise the associated costs for the impacts. In case asset inventories are changed after the disclosure of this RAP, ERA will disclose an addendum.

10.3 Awareness Creation 228. At this phase, the Woreda level RIC, AVC, and GRC members will make themselves clear about the duties expected from them. Any clarification about the scope of the project should be given by ERA, either in form of the ROW Agent or the ESMT. The committee members in return will provide full information to the PAPs so that the compensation program can proceed with the full participation of the people. ERA will give all the necessary capacity building support for the formed committees. 229. This support will include training how to implement the RAP and distribution of hard copies of the RAP to the committee members as well as provision of hard copies of useful manuals, proclamations and regulations in connection with compensation; for example proclamation 455/2005 and regulation 135/2007.

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Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 69 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

10.4 Livelihood Restoration Measures Livelihood and income restoration measures will be applied as indicated in this RAP parallel to the payment of compensation and relocation. Implementation of such measures will take time and technical support and monitoring shall be conducted throughout the project period.

10.5 Public Consultation 230. As noted above, the public consultation process will be conducted on a continuous base with the local community and PAPs throughout the implementation of this RAP and during the operation phase of the project road upgrade. PAPs will be given continuous awareness on the procedures and guideline of the RAP and compensation payment as well as progress and schedule of the project. 231. At this phase, the RIC members will also discuss any adaptation of procedures outlined in this RAP to local circumstances to ensure that the objectives of this RAP are met. This will reduce possible complaints by PAPs and will build confidence and trust between the implementing agencies and PAPs.

10.6 Compensation Payment 232. The compensation payment phase is a stage whereby the compensation payment will be effected to PAPs. Compensation payment will be made to the proper owners of the assets. Compensation payment will be carried out for affected assets and properties on timely basis as per the valuation procedures set in this RAP. PAPs will be clearly informed about the valuation methods and the detailed calculation of their compensation volume, on which they will agree; if they do not agree, they shall file a respective grievance. 233. The payment will be effected directly to PAPs in front of representatives of PAPs or transferred through Commercial Banks or Micro Finance Institutions or Post Offices. All the compensation payments and relocation of PAPs must be completed ahead of impacts from the civil works.

10.7 Reporting 234. Reporting shall be conducted regularly on a monthly and quarterly base by the different implementing agencies in line with the procedures outlined in the next chapter.

10.8 Monitoring and Evaluation 235. Regular monitoring of the implementation of the RAP will be conducted by the different stakeholders, including the monitoring consultant, ERA, and RIC. Semi-annual progress monitoring will also be conducted by the Woreda sector offices (incl. EPA and BoLSA), ERA’s ESMT. The World Bank is also expected to provide guidance through its implementation support missions. Impact assessment / evaluation of the implementation and outcomes of the RAP will be carried out by external consultants at least twice in the lifetime of the project. 236. The following time schedule presents the proposed activities to be carried out within 12 months. Monitoring, reporting, livelihood restoration support and addressing of grievances will be carried out throughout the project lifetime.

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Table 27: RAP Implementation and Resource Schedule

No. Action/Task Proposed Timing (months) Proj. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 … … End 1 ERA reviews & submits this RAP to WB 2 WB Reviews and approves the RAP 3 Disclosure of RAP 4 Strengthening of implementation Committees 5 Notification of Entitlement 6 Payment of Compensation for Affected Properties 7 Livelihood restoration measures for PAPs 8 Grievance redress measures 9 Monitoring and Evaluation 10 Completion Report Writing

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11 RAP Cost and Budget

11.1 Scope 237. An indicative budget is prepared for implementation of this RAP, including compensation payment of affected properties. The RAP budget specifies the mechanisms for transferring and channeling funds to responsible organizations and agencies, for disbursement to PAPs. The total estimated cost including 15% contingency will be a total of ETB 47,683,298.24. The budget is limited by scope and not by cost and may need to be adjusted throughout the project life cycle. 238. ERA will be responsible to disburse, administer and oversee the overall budget. At Woreda level, the Woreda RIC in collaboration with ERA’s Western Directorate ROW Team will be responsible for compensation payment and relocation activities. 239. The details of the budget preparation and justifications are summarized below for each category; namely, compensation payment for affected properties and assets, rehabilitation support for PAPs, and project running & management cost.

11.2 Cost/ Budget for Compensation Payment • Compensation cost for houses: The compensation estimates for the different types of houses is estimated on the basis of bill of quantities obtained from the Woredas and experiences from other similar projects. The compensation estimate for houses is prepared at a replacement value and no depreciation is considered. The total estimated cost for both houses and fences is ETB 13,603,000. • Compensation for cereal crops: The size of farmland to be lost is estimated to be 74.87 hectares and the total estimated cost for crops will be ETB 12,663,035.10 • Compensation for Fruit, Timber and other trees: ETB 7,182,600.00 • Compensation for relocation of poles: ETB 1,418,499.00

11.3 Rehabilitation Support • Support for vulnerable Households: The support for vulnerable households is estimated at a cost of ETB 15,000 each and the total estimate is ETB 2,535,000.00 for 169 HHs. • Livelihood restoration: This livelihood and income restoration measures is estimated for 13 fully affected PAPs losing their houses and income at a cost of ETB 82,081.65 each and the total estimated cost will be ETB 1,067,061.50 • Management & Administrative costs: This includes costs for relocation & rehabilitation assistance, legal fees, administrative costs for committees and Woreda, tax, land registration and related costs. A lump sum of ETB 1,457,542 is estimated. • Budget for Asset valuation committees: The budget for AVC includes costs for daily allowances and administration and communication costs. Members of AVC outside of ERA staff are 5 in urban areas and 5 in rural areas. The AVC members for rural areas are expected to work for 15 days each month for a total of 6 months and those from urban areas will work 15 days a month for 3 months. The daily allowance is estimated for 5 AVC members for rural areas at a cost of Birr 500 daily and for 90 days will be 225,000 and for

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AVC members in urban areas it is calculated to be 112,500; and in addition to the daily allowance a lump sum of Birr 200,000 is allocated for communication and administrative costs. This makes the total estimated cost for both committees ETB 537,500. • Budget for Cpacity Building: A lump sum of ETB 1,000,000 is allocated to provide capacity building training for PAPs and support for woreda administration.

11.4 Summary of RAP Budget and Cost 240. The following table summarizes the total amount of the fund (or compensation estimate) that is required for the implementation of this RAP by its cost item. Table 28: Summary of Compensation Costs and Estimated budget for RAP Implementation No Items for Compensation RAP Cost (ETB) Cost/ Budget for Compensation Payment (permanent + A temporary) 1 Compensation for Loss of Houses and other Structures 13,603,000.00 2 Compensation for Permanent Loss of Crop land 12,663,035.10 3 Compensation for loss of Fruit, Timber and other trees 7,182,100.00 4 Compensation for relocation of electricity poles 1,418,499.00 Sub total 34,866,634.1 B Cost for Rehabilitation Support 1 Support for vulnerable Households 2,535,000.00 2 Livelihood restoration 1,067,061.50 Sub total 3,602,061.50 C Cost for Relocation & Rehabilitation Assistance 1 Legal & Administrative costs incl. GRC 1,457,542.00 2 Capacity Building Budget 1,000,000.00 3 Allowance for AVC 537,500.00 Sub total 2,995,042.00 D Contingency (15%) 6,219,560.64 Grand-Total 47,683,298.24

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12 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting

12.1 General 241. Monitoring and evaluation is an integral part of this RAP. It encompasses progress as well as impact and resulting compliance monitoring. It is the objective of ERA to use lessons from the monitoring and evaluation results to enhance the preparation and implementation of RAPs and resulting measures in future projects. 242. The monitoring and evaluation process will assess the implementation of the project and ensure that it is carried out as per the plan and as per the requirements of FDRE laws, policies and guidelines. The basic monitoring principles will describe:

• The internal monitoring process; • Key monitoring indicators (provide a list of monitoring indicators, which would be used for internal monitoring); • Institutional (including financial) arrangements; • Frequency of reporting and content for internal monitoring, process for integrating feedback from internal monitoring into implementation; • Financial arrangements for external monitoring and evaluation, including process for awarding and maintenance of contracts for the duration of resettlement; • Methodology for external monitoring; • Key indicators for external monitoring, focusing on outputs and impacts; • Frequency of reporting and content for external monitoring and process for integrating feedback from external monitoring into implementation. • Analysis of the environmental and social performance or record of each sub-project

12.2 Internal Monitoring 243. Internal monitoring will be conducted first and foremost by the implementing agencies on the ground, including Woreda, RICs, contractor, consultant, and ERA focal points; and last but not least the communities and PAPs on the ground. Results assessed by the implementing agencies will be reported on a monthly base. 244. On at least semi-annual basis, monitoring and evaluation will be carried out by the ESMT of the ERA. WB will also give guidance through its implementation support missions. Since the magnitude and complexity of the operations is not quite large, ERA will conduct the monitoring through field visits. 245. The monitoring report by ESMT staff will be submitted to local authorities (Woreda). A copy of this will be submitted to ERA’s Deputy Director Generals (Western Region + Quality Assurance). It will also be enclosed in the construction progress reports submitted by supervising engineers.

12.3 Performance monitoring 246. To ensure comprehensive and objective information, performance monitoring indicators will be used to measure inputs, outputs, and outcomes for resettlement activities. It also checks the involvement

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of the PAPs in the monitoring process. Such monitoring indicators will be prepared by the consultant and approved by ERA.

12.4 Impact Monitoring 247. Impact monitoring is used to evaluate the impact of resettlement at mid- and end-term of the project. Mid-term results will inform the implementing agencies if additional measures and an update of plans are necessary. For the monitoring and evaluation of the RAP activities, an independent consultant will take the prime responsibility with administrative support provided by the RICs and Woredas together with ERA’s ESMT. Information will be gathered from all involved stakeholders, including said implementing agencies, with focus on PAPs. Hence, a household survey will be carried out to evaluate the impacts of the resettlement and other implemented social mitigation measures. During the survey, Woreda and Kebele level administrations will be consulted to provide their assessments of the impacts of the mitigation measures applied. 248. The monitoring indicators that will be adopted include;

• Number of PAPs and amount of compensation to be made • Livelihood restoration of PAPs • Appropriateness of relocation sites

• Adequate re-establishment of public infrastructures and social services • Support and assistance made to vulnerable groups and women • Appropriateness of grievance redress mechanisms 249. ERA through the ESMT will assign an independent, qualified Sociologist/Social scientist to conduct individual evaluations of PAPs re-establishment socio-economic progress. This service aims at evaluating and reporting on the level of livelihoods and social services of the PAPs following the baseline established in this RAP. The monitoring and evaluation results will be based on a number of key indices for selected households, in combination with the special observation by the social scientist. 250. The evaluation report will be used as a planning instrument to correct pending issues and suggest a post-project monitoring period in the aim to ensure that PAPs have not been subject to impoverishment induced by the ERA’s RSDP operations.

12.5 Compliance Monitoring 251. Based on the information resulting from the impact monitoring, RAP Compliance will be assessed as follows:

• Determine compliance of RAP implementation with RAP objectives and procedures; • Determine compliance of RAP implementation with the laws, regulations and applicable; and • Determine compliance of RAP implementation with WB standards. 252. This specifically will need the following assessments

• Determine RAP impact on standard of living, with a focus on the “no worse-off if not better off” objective;

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 75 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

• Verify results of internal monitoring, • Assess whether resettlement objectives have been met: specifically, whether livelihood programs have restored the livelihoods of the PAPs, • Assess the resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability, drawing lessons for future resettlement activities and recommending corrections in the implementation process, • Ascertain whether the resettlement entitlements are appropriate to meet the objectives, and whether the objectives are suitable to project-affected persons conditions, • Assess grievance records, to identify implementation problems and status of grievance resolution and, • Ensure RAP implementation is in compliance with World Bank policy 253. Indicators that will be monitored broadly centre around delivery of compensation, resolution of grievances, land access, increase or decrease in PAPs assets, social stability, health, level of satisfaction of project affected people and number of project affected persons that benefited from the livelihood restoration programs. Some monitoring Indicators for this RAP are outlined in Table 21 and shall be refined at the point of evaluation by the independent specialist. Table 29: RAP Monitoring Indicators Indicator Indicators Consultation • Number of people reached or accessing Information, Information Consultation and requests, issues raised, etc. Reach out • Number of stakeholders consulted, issues raised Compensation • Physical Progress of compensation and assistance and • Number of replacement asset recovered reestablishment • Compensation disbursement to the correct parties; PAPs • Effective utilization of the premises for business • No of PAHH income restored, improved or declined from the pre- Socio-economic displacement levels; Changes • New businesses and employment opportunities created • Number of vulnerable groups and FHH received support and rehabilitated • Number of ERA and RAP committee members trained Training and • Capacity building activities provided for the different RAP committees Capacity building and to the woreda administration • No. of cases referred to GRC, No. of cases settled by GRC, No. of cases Grievance pending with GRC, Average time taken for settlement of cases, No. of redress GRC meetings, No. of PAPs moved court, No. of pending cases with the mechanism court, • No. of cases settled by the court

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 76 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

• Effectiveness of compensation delivery system Overall • Timely disbursement of compensation; Management • Census and asset verification/quantification procedures in place • Co-ordination between local community structures, PAPs and ERA

12.6 Further External Monitoring 254. The external monitoring and evaluation will be done irregularly by the responsible agencies at federal and regional level, i.e. MoFEC and MoLSA and the regional EPA and BoLSA will be responsible for the external monitoring of specific aspects of the RAP. 255. ERA has employed external monitoring consultants independent of the supervision consultant to regularly monitor (quarterly basis) the implementation of the Environmental Management Plan and RAP activities.

12.7 Project Closure Monitoring 256. To assess the achievements and progress of the implementation of the RAP, ERA will organize project completion workshops with other Government agencies and representatives of PAPs. The findings of the survey and the workshops will be presented in the Project Completion report. 257. The monitoring and evaluation of RAP will show the contribution and role that road infrastructure may play in the effort of poverty reduction in Ethiopia.

12.8 Reporting 258. Performance monitoring reports for ERA and WB will be prepared at regular intervals (monthly/quarterly), beginning with the commencement of any activities related to resettlement, including income restoration. They will be presented in the Consultant’s monthly progress reports. These reports will also summarize information that is collected and compiled in the quarterly status and compensation disbursement reports and highlight key issues that have arisen. As a result of the monitoring of inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes of RAP activities, project management will be advised of necessary improvements in the implementation of the RAP.

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 77 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

13 REFERENCES • CSA: Population Projection, 2016 • EPA. EIA Guideline Document (2000). • EPA. Procedural EIA Guideline (2003). • ERA. Draft Road Safety Audit Manual, 2004 • ERA. Environmental Procederes Manual, 2002 • ERA. Environmental and Social Management Manual, 2008. • ERA. HIV/AIDS Policy, 2004 • ERA. Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework,2002 • ERA. Bure-Nekempt Resettlement Policy Framework, 2013 • FDRE, A Proclamation for the Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs (Proclamation No. 295/2002). • FDRE. Proclamation for the Establishment of ERA, Proclamation No. 80/1997. • FDRE. Proclamation for to Provide for the Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation (Proclamation No. 455/2005) • FDRE. Proclamation on Rural Land Administration and Land Use (Proclamation No. 456/2005). • FDRE. The Constitution of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 1995 • FDRE. Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation (Proclamation No. 299/2002). • FDRE. The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia, 1997. • Socio-Economic Profiles of Guto-Gida, Gida-Kiramu and Amuru Woredas, 2016 • World Bank. (1997). Roads and the Environment: A Handbook. World Bank Technical Paper No. 376. Washington, D.C. • World Bank. Safeguard Policies. Washington, D.C

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 78 Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project (OPRC)/[Design-Build-Maintain] for Design, Improvement Works and Management and Maintenance Services for November, 2018 Lot 3: Agamsa – Bure (84.55 km). ID.No. W/15/ICB/OC/L/IDA/2007 EFY

14 APPENDICES Appendix 1: List of Minutes of Meeting and Consultation

Appendix 2: List of Affected Household and Properties

Appendix 3: Sample Pictures of Affected properties

Appendix 4: Wereda Compensation Rate

Appendix 5: Sample pictures of Community Support and Environmental Protection Measures

Appendix 6: Sample pictures of Meetings and Consultation

Appendix 7: Photographs of consultation material sites

Appendix 8: Sample Pictures of HIV Awareness activities

Country: Ethiopia Employer: Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) RAP Final Report

Contractor: IL&FS Transportation Network Limited – Elsamex S.A. (ITNL-ELSAMEX JV BURE) 79