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A Case Study of Strategic Failure in Professional Team Sports
The Triumph of Vanity over Sanity? A Case Study of Strategic Failure in Professional Team Sports Bill Gerrard Leeds University Business School, UK Research in strategic management often tends to focus on competitive success - how organisations utilise their resources and/or market position to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. However cases in which organisations suffer strategic failures can be equally illuminating. This case study focuses on a leading English professional football club, Leeds United, and investigates how sporting success was transformed into sporting and financial crisis within a 21-month period as a consequence of a series of strategic financial decisions by the senior executive management. It is argued that Leeds United represents a classic example of the Icarus phenomenon of flying too high and getting burnt - an organisation that over-extended itself in pursuit of its overly-ambitious growth objectives and suffered a financial meltdown when it failed to maintain a high level of performance. The research objectives of the study are: (i) to explain the proximate financial causes of the sporting and financial crisis; (ii) to investigate the governance structure of the organisation to locate the fundamental causes of the current crisis; and (iii) to use the research findings to actively influence the organisational changes required to resolve the crisis. The study draws on three principal theoretical frameworks: the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm, stakeholder theory and corporate finance. The RBV (e.g. Barney and Arikan, 2002) explains sustainable competitive advantage as the consequence of the firm's deployment of its strategic endowment of rare and valuable resources that imperfectly imitable or substitutable. -
Theory of the Beautiful Game: the Unification of European Football
Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 54, No. 3, July 2007 r 2007 The Author Journal compilation r 2007 Scottish Economic Society. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main St, Malden, MA, 02148, USA THEORY OF THE BEAUTIFUL GAME: THE UNIFICATION OF EUROPEAN FOOTBALL John Vroomann Abstract European football is in a spiral of intra-league and inter-league polarization of talent and wealth. The invariance proposition is revisited with adaptations for win- maximizing sportsman owners facing an uncertain Champions League prize. Sportsman and champion effects have driven European football clubs to the edge of insolvency and polarized competition throughout Europe. Revenue revolutions and financial crises of the Big Five leagues are examined and estimates of competitive balance are compared. The European Super League completes the open-market solution after Bosman. A 30-team Super League is proposed based on the National Football League. In football everything is complicated by the presence of the opposite team. FSartre I Introduction The beauty of the world’s game of football lies in the dynamic balance of symbiotic competition. Since the English Premier League (EPL) broke away from the Football League in 1992, the EPL has effectively lost its competitive balance. The rebellion of the EPL coincided with a deeper media revolution as digital and pay-per-view technologies were delivered by satellite platform into the commercial television vacuum created by public television monopolies throughout Europe. EPL broadcast revenues have exploded 40-fold from h22 million in 1992 to h862 million in 2005 (33% CAGR). -
Referee Categories International (FIFA List) Cymru Premier League
Referee Categories International (FIFA List) Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 1A Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 1B Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 2 Cymru North & South and Below. 4th Official Cymru Premier League. Category 3 Tier 3 Leagues & Below. Permitted to act as Assistant Referees at Tier 2. Category 4A Category 4B Category 4C Category 4D Category 4E 3rd Season 2nd Season 1st Year Referees Qualified & Qualified & Referees (& Referees (& longer) over the age of Registered Registered longer). over the age of 16. 16. Referees under Referees – (Non- Referee at Area Referee at Area Referee at Area the ages of 14- Active). Association Level. Association Level. Association 16. Permitted to Permitted to Level. referee in Directly referee in Directly Affiliated reserve Affiliated reserve league matches. leagues. Permitted to act Permitted to act as as Assistant Assistant Referees Referees at Tier 2 at Tiers 2 & 3 and below. subject to attending an Assistant Referee course. Assistant Referee Categories International (FIFA List) Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 1AR Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 1ART Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 2AR Cymru North & South and Below. Category 3AR Tier 3 & Below. Category 4AR Specialist Assistant referee (in training). (Assistant Referees to serve a minimum of 1-year core refereeing experience prior to electing to join the Assistant Referee pathway). Female Referee & Assistant Referee Categories International (FIFA List) Referee & Assistant Referee Welsh Premier Women’s League and Below. F-1A Referee F-1AR Assistant Referee Welsh Premier Women’s League and Below. F-1B Referee Welsh Premier Women’s League Talent Referee. Welsh Premier Women’s League and Below F-2A Referee F-2B Referee 2nd Year Referee in Feeder Leagues to 1st Year Referee in Feeder Leagues to Welsh Premier Women’s League. -
Impact Case Study (Ref3b) Institution: University of Central Lancashire
Impact case study (REF3b) Institution: University of Central Lancashire Unit of Assessment: 26 - Sport and Exercise Sciences, Leisure and Tourism Title of case study: Sport, „Visual Culture‟ and Museums 1. Summary of the impact (indicative maximum 100 words) Research undertaken by Hughson has impacted on the decision-making of two museums, principally the National Football Museum (NFM) in England and the National Sports Museum (NSM) in Australia. In the NFM, research has informed the acquisition and display of items for the permanent collection and temporary exhibition, led to an appointment as historical advisor to the selection committee of the National Football Hall of Fame, and has also supported the NFM‟s successful bid for „Designation‟ status with the Arts Council. With regard to the NSM the research has informed the public education dimension of a major exhibition on Olympic posters. 2. Underpinning research (indicative maximum 500 words) Hughson‟s published research on the cultural history of sport, the relationship between sport, art and design, and on the relationship between sport and cultural policy and the implications for museums underpins the impact being claimed within this case study. Five published peer reviewed works contain this research; the bibliographical details are set out in section 3 of this document. The first three of the listed items are included within Hughson‟s four published items returned with REF 2014. Hughson‟s research expertise on sport within art was established in the monograph The Making of Sporting Cultures. In various chapters of the book, the representation of sportive movement and symbolism from the ancient to the modern – Myron‟s Discobolus to Dali‟s Cosmic Athlete – is discussed. -
Annual Report and Accounts 2019
Contents Forewords Chairman 4 Chief Executive Officer 6 Director of Football 8 Year Review 10-39 Accounts Directors and Advisers 42 Strategic Report 43 Directors’ Report 47 Independent Auditor’s Report 48 Consolidated Profit and Loss Account 50 Consolidated Balance Sheet 51 Company Balance Sheet 52 Consolidated and Company Statement of Changes in Equity 53 Consolidated Cash Flow Statement 54 Notes to the Accounts 55 Note The Foreword section (Pages 4-9) and the Year Review section (Pages 10-39) do not form part of the statutory financial statements. ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2019 3 Well done to Unsie and his staff and Morgan and his It is a scheme that, coupled with our plans for We had established our targets and were delighted players - we’re incredibly proud of you all. a community-led legacy at Goodison, could be to secure as permanent signings Jonas Lossl, Fabian transformational for North Liverpool while giving our Delph, Moise Kean, JP Gbamin and Alex Iwobi. Just as the Under-23s have been a great source fans the world-class stadium they truly deserve. of pride and optimism over the last year, the And, of course, there was Andre. We were so progression of Paul Tait’s Under-18s and Willie Kirk’s Of course, the biggest thanks of all must pleased to sign him permanently. From day one Everton Women has been terrific. The Under-18s as an Everton player during his time on loan last finished third in their league and won by 10 goals go to my great friend, Farhad. season, Andre immersed himself in the Club and twice last season while Everton Women have already Not only has he backed his managers in the transfer was immediately loved and respected by his fellow chalked up some impressive results in the WSL this market, he’s also put his financial and emotional players and our fans. -
100% 100% 100% 100% Study at Recommend Learner Progession to SUFC Our Courses Achievement University
100% 100% 100% 100% Study at Recommend Learner Progession to SUFC our courses achievement University Welcome to The Sheffield United Community Foundation Sports Education Academy Sheffield United Community Foundation are a bespoke, high quality Education and Training provider specialising in the delivery of accredited sports based qualifications in further and higher education. Our aim is to prepare our students for a successful career in the football and wider sports industries The units are enjoyable to learn, practical lessons make the learning fun, enrichment allows us to socialise with classmates and represent the club in a professional manner. There are plenty of progression opportunities after graduating and a variety of employment opportunities too” LEARN TRAIN PLAY WORK “YOUR CLUB, YOUR COURSE, YOUR CAREER” What you do and what you achieve at Sheffield United Community Foundation will hopefully have a positive impact on the rest of your life, so please make the most of the opportunities available. We will help you do that by providing you with passionate and excellent teaching, facilities and support. We’ll give you hands on experience that will make your CV stand out from the pile, the confidence to shine in an interview and the ability to handle yourself when you start at work. It’s hard work, but you’ll enjoy it. And we’ll put in everything we’ve got to make sure you succeed. #Unitedasone Courses Level 2 Diploma in Sport The Level 2 Diploma in Sport is a specialist work related course built around the NCFE platform. The course is to build knowledge of practical sports performance, training and personal fitness, running sports events and sport community volunteering. -
Chelsea FC Vs Leeds United Stream Link 7
1 / 2 Live Chelsea FC Vs Leeds United Online | Chelsea FC Vs Leeds United Stream Link 7 Basford United are the third most productive home team in the league with 22 goals in 9 games and have .... Where Football Belongs. Optus Sport is the exclusive home of Premier League & UEFA Champions League. Every Game Live & On Demand. Watch now for .... AP Photo/Carlo Fumagalli Find Chelsea FC Women results and fixtures ... this is your chance to watch some of the best football teams and players from across the ... England vs Canada @ Twickenham - Live on UltimateRugby Ultimate Rugby ... The home of all the latest Leeds United news, player info, match stats and .... Aug 20, 2020 — August 20th, 2020 7:41 pm ... Chelsea also face a challenging start, with Liverpool and United in the first five weeks. ... Football fans may be able to watch some of the early games live INSIDE stadiums too, after the latest .... Leeds united live score and video online live stream team roster with season ... External Link, Classic goals from Matchweek 37's fixtures, Featuring Van .... Sep 15, 2020 — ... on Leeds United following its promotion from the English Football League ... MORE: Watch Premier League games live with fuboTV (7-day free trial) ... vs. Leeds United, 12:30 p.m., NBC, fuboTV ... Chelsea, 3:15 p.m., NBCSN, fuboTV ... Spurs vs. Newcastle United, 10 a.m., NBCSN, fuboTV. West Ham vs.. Jul 5, 2021 — The transfer latest on Man Utd, Liverpool, Tottenham and Chelsea stars, what's ... Burnley, Stoke City, Leeds United, Aston Villa, Cardiff City and Swansea City .. -
The Case of Arsenal Fccontext
Long Range Planning 43 (2010) 227e246 http://www.elsevier.com/locate/lrp Business Model Evolution: In Search of Dynamic Consistency Benoıˆt Demil and Xavier Lecocq The business model concept generally refers to the articulation between different areas of a firm’s activity designed to produce a proposition of value to customers. Two different uses of the term can be noted. The first is the static approach - as a blueprint for the coherence between core business model components. The second refers to a more transformational approach, using the concept as a tool to address change and innovation in the organization, or in the model itself. We build on the RCOV framework - itself inspired by a Penrosian view of the firm e to try to reconcile these two approaches to consider business model evolution, looking particularly at the dynamic created by interactions between its business model’s components. We illustrate our framework with the case of the English football club Arsenal FC over the last decade. We view business model evolution as a fine tuning process involving voluntary and emergent changes in and between permanently linked core components, and find that firm sustainability depends on anticipating and reacting to sequences of voluntary and emerging change, giving the label ‘dynamic consistency’ to this firm capability to build and sustain its performance while changing its business model. Ó 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction The term business model (BM hereafter) has flourished in the managerial literature since the end of the 90s, especially with the emergence of the Internet and its massive adoption for e-commerce.1 Generally speaking, the concept refers to the description of the articulation between different BM components or ‘building blocks’ to produce a proposition that can generate value for con- sumers and thus for the organization.2 Broadly, two different uses of the concept can be identified. -
National Football Museum
NATIONAL FOOTBALL MUSEUM Athanasios Kotoulas HISTORY The National Football Museum is a museum in Manchester, which is located in the Urbis building. The purpose of the museum is to preserve, conserve and interpret the most important collections of the English National Football history. The museum opened on the 16th February, 2001. The original location was outside of Preston, Deepdale and Lancashire. In 2012, it was moved to Manchester. The president of the museum is the Manchester United Legend, Sir Bobby Chartlon. Source: www.wikipedia.com BUILDING LAYOUT Level One Level Two Level Three Level Four Level Five and Six LEVEL ONE <Back It’s the largest floor of the whole building Features: Ιtems such as the first ever rule book from 1863 and the shirt from the first ever international football match between England and Scotland. Including the original painting of L.S. Lowry's "Going to the Match“. Information about the various competitions and leagues, with the original version of the FA Cup and various replica trophies. A section dedicated to world football, with the ball from the first ever World Cup Final, the matchball from the 1966 World Cup Final, Maradona's "Hand of God" shirt and the UEFA Cup Winners Cup trophy. Information about various stadiums and designs, with an original turnstile from the old Wembley Stadium and some original wooden seats. various footage and clippings from old matches, including a sheepskin coat worn by John Motson. Interactive screens with information on most league clubs in England. A brief look at the scope of footballers, including the only Victoria Cross won by a professional footballer and the painting "The Art of the Game" portraying Eric Cantona. -
Women's Football, Europe and Professionalization 1971-2011
Women’s Football, Europe and Professionalization 1971-2011 A Project Funded by the UEFA Research Grant Programme Jean Williams Senior Research Fellow International Centre for Sports History and Culture De Montfort University Contents: Women’s Football, Europe and Professionalization 1971- 2011 Contents Page i Abbreviations and Acronyms iii Introduction: Women’s Football and Europe 1 1.1 Post-war Europes 1 1.2 UEFA & European competitions 11 1.3 Conclusion 25 References 27 Chapter Two: Sources and Methods 36 2.1 Perceptions of a Global Game 36 2.2 Methods and Sources 43 References 47 Chapter Three: Micro, Meso, Macro Professionalism 50 3.1 Introduction 50 3.2 Micro Professionalism: Pioneering individuals 53 3.3 Meso Professionalism: Growing Internationalism 64 3.4 Macro Professionalism: Women's Champions League 70 3.5 Conclusion: From Germany 2011 to Canada 2015 81 References 86 i Conclusion 90 4.1 Conclusion 90 References 105 Recommendations 109 Appendix 1 Key Dates of European Union 112 Appendix 2 Key Dates for European football 116 Appendix 3 Summary A-Y by national association 122 Bibliography 158 ii Women’s Football, Europe and Professionalization 1971-2011 Abbreviations and Acronyms AFC Asian Football Confederation AIAW Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women ALFA Asian Ladies Football Association CAF Confédération Africaine de Football CFA People’s Republic of China Football Association China ’91 FIFA Women’s World Championship 1991 CONCACAF Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football CONMEBOL -
Louise Hatch 462A Kingsland Rd, Dalston, London E8 4AE Email: [email protected] Mobile: +44(0)7507645775 PROFILE with O
Louise Hatch 462a Kingsland Rd, Dalston, London E8 4AE Email: [email protected] Mobile: +44(0)7507645775 PROFILE With over 14 year’s experience delivering a wide variety of major events in the UK and worldwide, I am a passionate, committed professional, who rises to any challenge and is willing to go that extra mile to deliver. I have Major Events experience covering: Venue Operations, Event Management, Project Planning knowledge covering various sectors to include Sport, Commercial Experiences and Broadcast. EVENT DELIVERY o Mitel Major League Baseball London Series, Boston Red Socks v New York Yankees. London Stadium o ITV Palooza, Royal Festival Hall, London o ITV company wide Christmas parties o ITV Sport & Screwfix World Cup sponsorship event, Yeovil, UK o London 2017 World Athletics, London Stadium o MIPTV, Cannes France. o I Am Team GB, Nations Biggest Sports Day: Coronation Street set, Ricoh Arena, Bath City Centre, Hope Cove beach, Ullswater Yacht Club, Reading Rowing Club o FA Cup Final, FA Cup Semi Finals, Community Shield and FA Women’s Cup Final - Wembley Stadium o England Internationals - Men and Women’s - Wembley Stadium, o England U21 and Women’s Internationals - across the UK o The Invictus Games, Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park; Multi-Sport Venue for Archery, Indoor Rowing & Powerlifting o Football League Awards – The Brewery, London o Various Commercial conferences - various Football League Clubs across England. o 125th Anniversary FL Museum Exhibition Launch - National Football Museum, Manchester o Capital One -
Professional Development Phase- Under 18 Assistant Coach
Professional Development Phase- Under 18 Assistant Coach Hours of work: Full time including weekends Salary: Competitive The Role Aston Villa Football Club Academy are looking to recruit a self-motivated, committed, confident and enthusiastic individual to join the Academy in the role of Under 18 Assistant Coach to work within the Professional Development Phase. Working in a High-Performance environment and based on the Club’s Football Philosophy as directed by the Academy Manager and Head of Coaching, the coach will play a pivotal role in helping to develop the Club’s players through the Professional Development Phase. Main Duties and Responsibilities: • To have the ability to work effectively within a High-Performance environment • To adopt a multi-disciplinary approach to ensure the wellbeing and holistic development of the Academy Professional Development Players • To attend, supervise and deliver coaching sessions as stipulated by the Head of Coaching & Under 18 Lead Coach • To deliver an elite level of coaching whilst working within the Club’s coaching philosophy and methodology framework • Help to manage the transition of players that train and play between the age bands within the Professional Development Phase • Help to prepare, deliver and record players individual learning plans • Working closely with various Academy departments and using a multi-disciplinary approach, help to prepare, deliver and record the player reviews • To attend the relevant Football Association/Premier League/Football League and Aston Villa CPD events