The Missionaries and Their Labors

sionary service,someincluding thenamesandbaptismaldates Counties areawrotejournals orreminiscencesabouttheirmis- men baptizedsomeoftheconvertsonlist. nal containedabaptismalrecordof1840thatshows thatthese Gailey, JamesBarnes,andJohnSpiers.WilfordWoodruff’s jour included ThomasKington,DanielBrowett,John Cheese, John who participatedinsharingthegospelthosefirstfewmonths into Monmouthshire.SomeoftheleadersUnitedBrethren throughout theThreeCountiesandacrossborderofWales their friendsandneighbors—traveling,preaching,baptizing priesthood andcalledtogopreachtherestoredgospel other membersfromtheUnitedBrethrenwereordainedto of thevineyard.” ing therewereaboutfiftyordainedeldersandpriests inthispart hear thegospel,therewerenotenoughlaborers,“notwithstand wrote tothe tional missionaries from America andother parts ofEnglandarrived. Richards werethefirsttojoinhimin Three Counties. Soon, addi had timeorenergytoteachandbaptize. Brigham Young and Willard learn thetruth, morepeoplewereinterestedinthegospelthanhe But withthepreparationofUnitedBrethrenandtheirdesireto Fortunately, severaloftheearlymissionariesto the Three As theyjoinedtheChurch,severalofpreachersand WILFORD WOODRUFF’S MISSION essential in establishingandbuilding the Churchinthatarea. Millennial Starthatalthoughmanypeoplewantedto The Missionariesand 2 Their Labors tothe Three Counties was 1 ElderWoodruff - - -

57 Chapter 4

58 The Field Is White History Library.) “United BrethrenPreachers’Plan oftheFroomsHillCircuit,1840.”(Church Brethren acceptedthegospel preachedbyWilfordWoodruff, sons, and T. Jenkins.As the members and preachersoftheUnited teach thereonSundaysduring April1840wereJ.Pullin,M.Pos on SundaysandeveryotherFriday.Thepreachers scheduledto lived at Moorend Farm, where meetings were scheduled for 6 p.m. to preachonSundaysandweekdays.Forexample,Edward Ockey of thepage,sothateachpreacherwouldtraveltodifferent places name designatedtheassignedpreacher,aslistedon therightside weekday atafewplaces.Thenumberslistednextto eachvillage ently, meetingstookplaceonSundaysatallthevenues andona barn), alongwithathree-monthscheduleforpreaching. Appar preaching wouldtakeplace(presumablyatsomeone’s homeor ers’ planlistedthenamesofvillagesorhamletswhere ated byWilfordWoodruffandThomasKington.Thepreach Elm Branch,namesusedlaterfortheChurchconferencescre Froom’s Hill[sic]BranchandtheBrangreenGadfield or groupsareorganizedwithintheThreeCountiesregion: be somewhatdifficultatfirstglance.Twogeneral“branches” perform theordinancesofbaptismandconfirmation. ordained aspriestsandeldersoftentraveledwiththeteachersto have continuedtopreachaccordingthepreachers’plan.Those preachers whohadbeenordainedasteachersorpriestsmay times ofthemeetings. on trial,aswellforty-twoplacesofworshipwiththedatesand names offorty-sevenpreachersalongwitheightotherswhowere copy ofthe“UnitedBrethrenPreachers’Plan.”Theplanlists preaching atallthelocations.TheChurchHistoryLibraryholdsa places topreach,thegrouphadawell-plannedsystemfor ary workinthisareawassuccessful.Alongwithmanylicensed process ofmissionaryworkinthemid-nineteenthcentury. experiences ingreatdetail,providingimportantinsightsintothe ing andresponding.Someofthesemissionariesdescribedtheir that time,howtheirmessagewasreceived,andwholisten ern readerwithasenseofwhatitwasliketobemissionaryat ruff’s journal, these other missionary writings provide the mod- of thepeopletheytaught.AscompaniontextstoElderWood- Understanding the “United Brethren Preachers’ Plan” can Because ofthepreparationUnitedBrethren,mission 3 Manyoftheconvertedandbaptizedmale ------

59 The Missionaries and Their Labors

60 The Field Is White elders. Many,manytimes myfatherandmothergavetheirbed Davis Carterremembered, “Myfatherkeptanopenhouseforthe ways. Manysharedtheirhomes andfoodwithmissionaries.Sarah the branchesofChurch. involved intheactivitiesofmissionariesand buildingup friends abouttheirnewfound faith. Theywouldalsohave been tized, theyprobablycontinuedtoteachtheirneighbors and were notordainedtopriesthooddutieswhenthey werebap bands were notinvolvedin preaching. Although these women seem tohavebeeneithersingleormarriedwomen whosehus other preachers(e.g.,AnnandThomasOakey) somewho twelve womenamongthepreachers,somewhowere marriedto Wilford Woodruff’sbaptismalrecord.Theplanincludesatleast initials andsurnames,themajorityofthosenamesarefoundin Latter-day Saintsteachingthetruthsofrestoredgospel. preachers whoweremembersofTheChurchJesusChrist this elaborateschedulecouldstillbefollowedbutwiththe Doxey Green.) Barn atMoorendFarm,thehomeofEdwardOckey.(PhotobyCynthia Members assistedwiththe missionaryeffortinnumerous Although thenamesonpreachers’planincludeonlyfirst - - ies’ temporalneedswhentheywereinGarway. that bothSisterMorganandJonescaredforthe missionar by providingfoodandshelter.Forexample,James Palmernoted also mentionhowtheLatter-daySaintmemberscared forthem throughout thearea. the missionariesfulfilltheir callingstopreachthewordofGod Brother Spierswouldnot die. that whileprayingforhim,sheheardavoiceassuring herthat of mepossibletobetaken,scarcelyleavingnight orday”and tember 1841inWorcester,SisterWrighttook“the greatestcare and fedthemthebesttheyhad.” their bedforthem.Theyalwaysmadetheeldersfeelwelcome in anotherroom,neverlettingtheeldersknowtheyhadgivenup to the elders, whiletheywouldtake a quiltand sleep onthefloor Carol Wilkinson.) Sister Joneslivedinthishome,called“TheStoney,”GarwayHill.(Photoby Similarly, JohnSpierssaidthatwhenhewasvery ill inSep 6 Thesefaithfulmembers helped 4 Severalmissionaries’accounts 5

- -

The Missionaries and Their Labors

62 The Field Is White duced journalsandwritingsabouttheirexperiences inEngland. history. Some of their stories have been told because they pro- Richards, andLevihavesomeprominence inChurch ing WilfordWoodruff,BrighamYoung,GeorgeA.Smith, Willard United Brethren. of localmembers,manywhomhadbeenpreachers withthe labor intheThreeCountiesarea.Thethirdgroupwas comprised recent convertsfromotherpartsofBritainwhowereassignedto encounter withtheUnitedBrethren.Thesecondgroupincluded ican missionarieswhoarrivedsoonafterWilfordWoodruff’sfirst the QuorumofTwelveApostles,aswellafewotherAmer area duringthe1840s.Thefirstgroupincludedmembersof Three basicgroupsofmissionariespreachedthegospelinthis Groups ofMissionaries Turkey Hall,Eldersfield,Worcestershire.(PhotobyCynthiaDoxeyGreen.) as membersoftheChurch. Theirmissionaryeffortsareimport ence withtheProphetJoseph Smithandarelativelylongperiod teachings oftherestored gospel,havinghadextensiveexperi The Americanmissionarieswereobviouslywell-versed inthe American Missionaries. The Americanmissionaries,includ - - - - 7 in hearingthewordfor leaderstomeetwithallofthem,and cluded bysayingthatthere werefartoomanypeopleinterested destination. meeting upwithoneoftheotherbrethrenwhenhearrivedathis place to place, and sometimes he traveledon his own,perhaps he traveledwithWilfordWoodrufforWillardRichardsfrom rament meetings,andordainingpriesthoodholders.Sometimes preached atvariousplaces—baptizing,confirming,holdingsac (at thehomeofThomasKington).Inhistravels,BrighamYoung Eldersfield (TurkeyHall, homeof Benjamin Hill),andDymock in villagessuchasFromesHill(atthehomeofJohnBenbow), in thearea,statingthathetraveledandstayedwithmembers significant. Inhisjournal,BrighamYoungdescribedtravels a greatdealoftimeintheThreeCountiesarea,theirservicewas providing theauthorityforpriesthoodordinations. work, helpingthemtogaingreaterdoctrinalunderstandingand early years,theAmericanChurchleaderstrainedthemfor baptized. AsBritishmissionariesbegantopreachduringthese Counties. Their enthusiasm blessed the people they taught and ant because they were the first to preach the gospel in the Three the Churchin these regionsnow numbersabout 320.” firmed; 2elders,about20priests,and1teacher ordained—and “there hasbeeninthesetwoweeksabout112baptized; 200con ter waswritten,theycomparedtheirexperiencesand foundthat directed by the Spirit.” When they met again on the day the let- night andday,administeringtheordinancesof thegospelas Worcestershire, andGloucestershire,“preaching daily, talking the threehadparted,goingtovariousplacesinHerefordshire, of thelocalmembers.Hereportedthatinprevious twoweeks, were abletospreadoutsharethegospelwith helpofsome describing thewayhe,WilfordWoodruff,andBrighamYoung dated 15May1840,sharingsomeinsightintohistravelsand before goingofftoothervillages. another atcertainmeetingsandstayedtogetherforadayortwo they plannedtheirtravelstogetherorjusthappenedtofindone other duringtheirtravels,journalsdonotindicatewhether Although BrighamYoung and WillardRichardsdidnotspend Willard RichardswrotealetterfromLedbury,Herefordshire, 9 AlthoughtheAmericanmissionariesoftenmeteach 8

He con- - -

63 The Missionaries and Their Labors

64 The Field Is White and anotheron21June at StanleyHill.Atthesemeetings,the Church conferences,one held on14JuneinGadfieldElmChapel ued preachingthegospel. Thetwoofthemconductedlocal left thearea,WillardRichards andWilfordWoodruffcontin publish theBookofMormoninEngland.AfterBrigham Young together ontopofHerefordshireBeaconwherethey decidedto the UnitedBrethren,andsecondwascouncil theyheld occasion wasthefeastdayinDymockwithconverts from toward theendofBrighamYoung’sstayinarea. Thefirst of theTwelvemettogetheronatleasttwoimportant occasions them accomplishtheirwork. that theSaintsshouldprayformorelaborersin fieldtohelp As describedmorefullyinchapter3,thesethree brethren Green.) Street inLedbury,Herefordshire.(PhotobyCynthiaDoxey 10 - baptized intheregion. June, andhenolongerlistedthenamesofpeoplewhowere Elder Woodruff’s“BaptismalRecord”endedafterhelefton23 able forcarryingontheteachingandorganizationofChurch. they left,anumberofothermissionariesandleaderswereavail March 1840whenhesaidthat“manyflockedaroundtoseeme.” near FromesHill.WilfordWoodrufffirst preachedthereon30 He preachedofteninLedbury,oneofthelargermarkettowns ties attheendofJulyandstayedinregionfornearlyamonth. Twelve, accompaniedWilfordWoodruffbacktotheThreeCoun to London. tershire. On18August1840,theylefttheThreeCounties totravel with theSaintsinareaofDeerhurstandLeigh, Glouces- and forafewdaystheyjoinedtogetherinpreaching andmeeting member oftheirquorum,HeberC.Kimball,on12August1840, Ledbury. ruff mentioned several times that Elder Smith had preached in Ledbury wasacenterforElderGeorgeA.Smith;WilfordWood- Woodruff didnotreturnuntilnearlyamonthlater. went northfor a conferencetobe held inManchester,andElder on 23 June 1840, both Wilford Woodruff and Willard Richards these brancheswasessentialtothegrowthofChurchbecause the Fromes Hill Conference, with twenty branches. ference, withtwelvebranches,andthenorthernregionwascalled southern areawascalledtheBranGreenandGadfieldElmCon Three Countieswereorganizedintotwomainconferences.The chapel, andafterwards“bid[Woodruff]Godspeed.” He said that the Baptist Minister allowed him to preach in his of theQuorumTwelve hadbeenintheThreeCounties due totheworkofBritish membersandmissionaries,asnone ence inOctoberManchester. a growthof254newmembers sincethepreviousgeneralconfer the newly-formedGarwayConference,had1,261members, with reported thattheChurchinthosetwoconferences, alongwith ences inGadfieldElmandStanleyHillwhilehe was thereand Young returnedtotheareainDecember.Heattended confer few monthsbeforeheleftEnglandentirelyinApril1841. Brigham George A.Smith,anothermemberoftheQuorum In Dymock,ElderWoodruffandSmithmetanother 16 ElderWoodruffreturnedseveraltimesoverthenext 13 17 Thisgrowthoccurredlargely 11 15 12 Establishing Apparently, Bythetime 14 - - - - -

65 The Missionaries and Their Labors

66 The Field Is White under theadviceofElder Kington,asthewayopens.” Brother Pricewasaskedtogiveuphisbusiness and“labour working withJamesMorgan,whowasfromthatneighborhood. in Herefordshire.BrotherD.Wildingwenttoserve inGarway, son (both from other parts of England) joined the missionaries Elder ThomasKington,alongwithWilliamKayand T.Richard- ments formanylocalandAmericanmissionaries. Forexample, utes oftheJulygeneralconferenceinManchesterinclude assign the field,additionalmissionariescameintoarea. Themin- present. work forwardwhenWilfordWoodruffandhisbrethrenwerenot Counties, butotherBritishmissionariescontinuedmovingthe Apostles, was vital as the missionary work began in the Three sionaries, includingthemembersofQuorumTwelve since September1840.CertainlytheserviceofAmericanmis Doxey Green.) Wilford Woodruff preached at the Ledbury Baptist Church. (Photo by Cynthia other countiesandthosewho servedintheirlocalarea. types ofBritishmissionaries ofthisera:thosewhocamefrom brethren whopreachedin theThreeCountiesrepresenttwo In response to Willard Richards’s pleafor more laborers in 18 These - - Richardson. William Snailam,JosephKnowles,JohnNeedham,andThomas ties atthetimeofOctober1840generalconferencewere of thecountrywhowerepreachinggospelinThreeCoun Library.) John Needham.(ChurchHistory ties. journal oftraveling,preaching,andbaptizingintheThreeCoun hensive listisavailable. been servingtherefromotherpartsofEngland,butnocompre William Kay,andElderMartinLittlewood.Manymoremayhave British missionariesservingintheareasuchasHenryGlover, had preaching, people he met, and hardships he passed through. British Islesingeneral,alongwithstoriesaboutexperiences he provides awealthofinformationaboutmissionary workinthe attend Churchconferencesandtovisithisfamily. Thisjournal Counties, overtheborderintoWales,andhistravels northto journeys andmissionaryexperiencesinaround theThree ham learnedoftheChurchwhenhewasworkinginPrestonas to preachincongregations andneighborhoodsinthearea.Diaries were local brethren who had joined the Church and were assigned of missionariesservingin theThreeCountiesduringthisperiod British Missionaries. John NeedhamwasaBritishmissionarywholeftdetailed British Missionaries from the Three Counties. 20 Having grown up in Warrington, near Manchester, Need 19 Someofthemissionaryjournalsmentionedother Among theBritishmenfromotherparts November, givesdetailsofhis nal, whichendsthefollowing ren hedidnotname.Hisjour- pany withsomeotherbreth in November1840com in Worcestershiresometime but hediddescribearriving to gotheThreeCounties, he receivedhisassignment shire. Hedidnotwriteofhow in LancashireandStafford- began travelingandpreaching 1840, helefthisworkand priest soonafterward.InApril in 1838andwasordaineda a draper.HejoinedtheChurch The final group ------

67 The Missionaries and Their Labors

68 The Field Is White an elderonthefollowingday. ford Woodruff,whobaptizedhimon21Marchandordained involvement intheChurch.On17March 1840, hefirstmetWil did notleaveajournalordiary,severalindividualsdescribedhis ford Woodruff firstcameintotheareainMarch1840.Whilehe Kington, thesuperintendentofUnitedBrethrenwhenWil- ence teachingandpreaching. viously beenlaypreachersfortheUnitedBrethren,withexperi branch leadersandmissionariesservingintheregionhadpre area hadnolackofpriesthoodleadershipbecausemanythe be formedintotheBranGreen Kington participated quite notably. He proposed that the branches ference intheGadfieldElmChapel,heldon14June 1840,Elder Gailey. including JamesPalmer,JohnSpiers,Barnes,and or journals are available for several of these local missionaries, At eachconference,Elder Kingtonwasaskedtobethepresid held on21June1840forthe areaoftheFromesHillConference. conference. ElderKingtonparticipatedsimilarlyin themeeting they madeassignmentsforleadershipinvariousbranches inthe proposed andparticipatedinpriesthoodordinations. Together the Church.AlongwithWilfordWoodruff,Thomas Kingtonalso that “PriestJohnCheese[hadbaptized]20.” the generalconferenceinPreston,anduponhisreturnhewrote March. ElderWoodruffwasgonefortendaysinApriltoattend on 6March1840,wasordainedapriestfewdayslater15 ing. Forexample,JohnCheese,oneofthefirsttobebaptized names ofothersbesideshimselfwhowereteachingandbaptiz tism. WilfordWoodruff’s“RecordofBaptisms,1840”recordsthe started teachingandbaptizingotherssoonaftertheirownbap the othermissionaries,indicatethatmanyoflocalbrethren work ofthelocalSaintsandmissionaries. conferences inLancashire,aswellprovidingdirection tothe included representing the Herefordshire Saints in the Church Kington’s leadershipisevidentinreportsofhisactivities,which in movingtheChurchforwardThreeCountiesarea.Elder One ofthemostprominentthesemissionariesisThomas 21 Theirjournals,alongwithwritingsandreportsfrom 23 Kingtonsoonbecameakeyfigure 25 andGadfieldElmConferenceof 24 Atthefirstlocalcon 22 TheChurchinthis ------Elm, andGarway. conferences inthearea:FromesHill,BranGreenandGadfield Thomas Kingtonacceptedtheassignmenttooverseethree in the ThreeCounties had 1,007 Church members. At that time, ter, WilfordWoodruffreportedthatthecombinedconferences three months.BytheJulygeneralconferenceheldinManches members, inspite of havingbeenabaptizedmemberforlessthan been fullyinvolvedasaleaderofboththemissionariesand tizing as often as his circumstances would allow. ordained himaprieston4May,andhebeganpreachingbap Wilford Woodruffbaptizedhimon6April1840,WillardRichards who becamealocalmissionarysoonafterhisownconversion. ing elderoverallthechurchesinarea. Library.) John Spiers.(ChurchHistory my businessasfastIcould andpreparedtogoout.” done anythingelse,butasIhadbeencouncelled[ ted that“thiswasaseveretaskforme,andIwould gladlyhave 1840 conference at Gadfield Elm chapel, John Spiers was called John SpierswasanotheroftheUnitedBrethrenpreachers 27 people.” twenty milesandpreachingto walking onSundaysmorethan rounding villages,“sometimes while stillpreachinginthesur November ofthesameyear, fulfilled thatassignmentuntil spread ofthework.”Headmit and devoteallourtimetothe kins, “togiveupourbusiness iel BrowettandBrotherJen him, aswellBrotherDan Thomas Kingtoncalledon that on25September1840, Daniel Browett’sfamily. where hewas living with in the Leigh, Gloucestershire, to presideoverthelocalbranch 30 26 Hisjournalreported Heappearstohave 28 At the 14 June sic] Iarranged 31 29 He ------

69 The Missionaries and Their Labors

70 The Field Is White the voyage of Jared and his brother is written.” of Mormon,turningtothe BookofEthertowherethestory book which he would lend me. I did so, and he lent me his Book Richards afterlookingat the book,askedmetoputitasidefora preacher whohadsufferedsomeseverepersecution. Brother home. Jobwrote,“Iwasreadingahistoryofnoted Methodist uncle, GeorgeBundy,whenWillardRichardsfirst visitedtheir from theBookofMormon.Jobwasayoungboyliving withhis early converts, Job Smith, recollected the day when he firstread the BookofMormonbeforegoingouttopreach. Oneofthe the gospel.ManywereexperiencedpreachersforUnited been baptizedonlydaysorweeksbeforetheywentouttopreach out topreachsosoonafterbaptism. aries learnedthegospeldoctrinesandpracticeswellenoughtogo the twenty-firstcenturymayquestion howthese earlymission who hadminimaltrainingandexperience.Latter-daySaintsof most ofthemissionariesearlyChurchwererecentconverts they aregenerallywellpreparedtosharethegospel.Incontrast, later frommissionpresidents,leaders,andcompanions.Thus, training asmissionaries,firstatamissionarycenterand rience intheChurchbeforetheirmissioncall.Theyalsoreceive in thetwenty-firstcenturyusuallyhaveatleastoneyearofexpe Missionaries forTheChurchofJesusChristLatter-daySaints Preparation toPreach instruction.” Stanley Hill,whereJohnSpiersstatedthathe“received much the ThreeCountiesforconferencesatGadfieldElm,Garway,and counsel. For example, in December 1840, Brigham Young came to ties, theyperiodicallyreturnedtomeetwiththeSaintsandgive of theQuorumTwelvedidnotremaininThreeCoun about thegospelprinciples.Additionally,althoughmembers the ChurchconferencesinManchester,wheretheylearnedmore the area. Some of the local leaders and missionaries also attended the otherApostleswhotaughtgospeldoctrineswhiletheywerein restored gospel.SometrainingcamefromWilfordWoodruffand Breth Most ofthelocalSaintsandmissionarieshadnot even read Many oftheearlymissionariesfromThreeCountieshad ren, buttheywerestillyoungintheirunderstandingofthe 32 33 The experience - - - hand.” hearken fortheSecondAdventofMessiah,whichisnownearat This monthlypublicationwasintendedto“prepareallwhowill lennial Star, a periodical that was first published in May 1840. to theSaintsthroughoutBritainwas missionaries fromAmericaorotherpartsofBritain. the membersofQuorumTwelveormoreexperienced gospel doctrines through the teachingsofothers,primarily from out thescriptures,localBritishmissionarieshadtolearn printed inEnglandbecameavailableFebruary1841. new Churchmembersandmissionariesuntilafterthefirstcopies of readingfromtheBookMormonwasprobablyrarefor it withgreatinterest. foot tomembers,andheread sible fordeliveringcopieson lication, JobSmithwasrespon the standing ofthegospel.When that couldincreasetheirunder as wellotherinformation Church doctrinesandpractices, Latter- Levi Richardscameintothe areainDecemberof1840,hebegan sionaries andfrommoreexperienced leaders. For example,after cil meetingsandgatherings wheretheylearnedfromothermis try, similartothefunctionofChurchmagazinestoday. scattered throughoutthecoun Church’s beliefstomembers publication communicatedthe Coming. news thatmightbesignsoftheapproachSavior’sSecond the millennium,” scriptural writingsandrevelations.Inaddition,asa“harbingerof and others,instructionfromChurchleaders,extracts missionaries, conferencereports,editorialsfromParleyP.Pratt tion, missionaries and other tion, missionariesandother One oftheimportantmethodsdisseminatinginformation The journals of the early missionaries described the coun- By readingthispublica Millennial Star 35 day Saintscouldlearnof ItincludedlettersorreportsfromChurchleadersand 36

beganpub Millennial Starpublished 37 This This - - - - -

Library.) Levi Richards.(ChurchHistory Latter-day Saints’ Mil- interesting world 34 With- -

71 The Missionaries and Their Labors The Field Is White ing doctrine,andprovidingcounsel. ferences ormeetingwiththeSaintsandmissionaries, teach nals asbeingthepresidingelderforregion, atcon over thenextfewmonths,LeviRichardswasnoted inthejour endowed withanobleandgenerousdisposition.” as “anexcellentmaninconcil[ Palmer, oneofthelocalmissionaries,describedElderRichards days andthenseparate and meetothermissionariesin journals mentionthattwo ofthemwouldworktogetherforafew While missionariesdidnot appeartohavesetcompanions,their Missionary Methods to overseethechurchesandmissionariesinarea. (Photo byCarolWilkinson.) sionaries stayedthere.TheGarwayConferencemethereon8March1841. The Kitchen,homeofThomasArthur,Garway,Herefordshire.Manymis sic] soundinjudgement,and 40 39 Severaltimes 38 James - - - dance. Levi Richards,who“hadlatelycomefromAmerica,” inatten to a conference at Gadfield Elm, with Brigham Young and Elder Arthur familyinGarwayortheMorganLittleGarway. the Garwayarea,usuallystayingwithChurchmemberslike in November1840,hewroteabouttravelingfromplaceto example, soonafterJohnNeedhamarrivedintheThreeCounties arranged orbecauseofacouncilmeetingconference.For was usually because of a particular meeting they had previously sionaries decidedwheretotravel.Mentionofasetschedule other brethrenwhilehewaswalkingfromplacetoplace. in differentvillages,visitingamember’shome,orjustfindingthe happened bychance.BarnesdescribedgoingtoChurchmeetings with theotherbrethren;thus,manyofthesemeetingsmayhave account doesnotmentionwhethertherehadbeenplanstomeet the fewtimeswhenChurchcouncilswereconvened,Barnes’s Hill, ElderWilfordWoodruff,andJohnGailey.Exceptfor time tohemetElderJohnCheese,Clark,James travels fromonevillagetoanotherduringamonthin1840, villages ortowns.Forexample,asJamesBarnesrecountedhis meeting. ards in attendance at the first and Wilford Woodruff at the latter and againinMarch1841,withBrighamYoungLeviRich Garway ConferencewereheldattheKitcheninDecember1840 ing thereastheytraveledthroughGarway.Themeetingsofthe missionaries’ journals,andmanymissionariesmentionedstay The Arthur home was referred to as “the Kitchen” in mostof the teaching in the villagesof Deerhurst and the Leigh, as well as the fordshire, includingLeominster andothervillages.Hehadbeen he decidedtogopreach inthenorthwesternareaofHere leaders hadassignedhimtogothere. specify whetherhechosetogothatareahimself orifChurch some timeonGarwayandMonmouthshire,although hedidnot the group to Stanley Hill. John returnedtoGarwayanditsenvironsratherthan following After theDecemberGarwayconference,JohnNeedhamwent The missionaryaccountstellverylittleabouthowthemis In oneratherunusualexample,JohnSpiersmentioned why 44 AlthoughtherewasanotherconferenceatStanley Hill, 43 45 He focused his missionary efforts for 41

42 - - - - -

73 The Missionaries and Their Labors Little Garway Farm, the home of the Morgan Family. Wilford Woodruff stayed here and held Church meetings. (Photo by Carol Wilkinson.) town of Cheltenham in Gloucestershire, much of the time working with Elder Henry Glover. On 29 January 1841 he recorded in his journal, “I met Br. Samuel Warren who was about starting on a mission in to the upper part of Herefordshire and he wished me to go with him. I told him I would go providing Elder Glover was willing, he therefore met Elder Glover and it was agreed to.”46 After taking leave of the Saints in Gloucestershire, John Spiers walked with Brother Warren to Fromes Hill, attending meetings with the members there. Then they made their way north, stop- ping to visit with Church members such as William Jay’s family in Marden, Herefordshire. Although it had been less than a year since Wilford Wood- ruff had arrived in the area, the connections of the close-knit United Brethren had spread the gospel to many villages, establishing branches and preparing missionary contacts. The members opened their homes for the traveling missionaries to hold meetings, also providing food and shelter for them. Many of these early members also invited their families and friends to hear the missionaries’ message. However, not all of the members’ fami- preach. they were not pleased when he accepted baptism and set out to stated thathismotherand brotherdidnotjointheChurch,and lies wereinterestedorwilling tohear.Forexample,JohnSpiers Green.) Home ofWilliamJay,Marden,Herefordshire.(PhotobyCynthia Doxey after walkingmanymilesininclementweather.(PhotobyCarolWilkinson.) Fireplace atLittleGarwayFarm,whereWilfordWoodruffwarmedhimself 47

75 The Missionaries and Their Labors

76 The Field Is White were baptizedfrom1840to1863. ham Conferencemembershiprecordsshowthatover700people baptizing. ham, whereElderGloverwasdoinggoodworkinpreachingand the areaforconferencesinDecember,hestoppedChelten Hill), andGarway.BrighamYoungnotedthatwhenhecameto three mainfocalpointsofGadfieldElm,FromesHill(orStanley Brethren, themissionariesbegantotravelalittlefurtherfrom lished intheareaspreparedbycongregationsofUnited For example,oneevening hefaintedinthemiddleofhisspeech his mission,evenwhilesuffering withillnessandpersecution. area formanymoremonths, baptizingovereightypeopleduring the gospel is inspiring. He carried on teaching throughout the nant withtheLordtotryhisbestfindindividuals willing toobey up anewareaofpreaching: Gloucestershire intonorthwestHerefordshire,whereheopened in thoseearlydays.Hedescribedhisserviceashemovedfrom tral placeofthestakeinThreeCounties. Conference had540memberswith17branches. conference heldinManchesteron15May1842,theCheltenham changed itsnametotheCheltenhamConference.Ingeneral town. Earlyin1842theBranGreenandGadfieldElmConference during thefallof1840becauseitssizeandimportanceasa the UnitedBrethren,itbecameafocalpointofmissionarywork With theinitialfoundationforChurchmembershipestab In spiteofSpiers’sdiscouragementandchallenges, hiscove to obeythegospelorIwoulddietrying. also covenantedwiththeLordthatIwouldfindapeople willing Lord andaskedHimtoletmeseethefruitsofmylabours, and who were willing to obey the truth. I therefore went before the because Ilackedabeard.nowfeltdeterminedtofind people ple seemedtodespisemytestimonybecauseofyouthand at havingnomoresuccessandespeciallysoasverymanypeo my missioninGloucestershireIhadbecomemuchdiscouraged This wasnowgettingbeyondthebranchesofChurch.During John Spiersprovidedinsightintoamissionary’slifestyle 48 AlthoughCheltenhamdidnothaveacongregationof 50 Today,Cheltenhamisthecen 51 49 TheChelten------real strengthoftheChurch inthisarea came fromthosewho Three Countiesprovided thefoundation,perhapssomeof bleating astokeepusawake[a]greatpartofthenight.” hay loft where they could sleep, “but the calves kept up such a Kingsland, wheretheydidnotknowanyone.Theyfoundonlya sleep. JohnSpiersandBrotherWarrentraveledtothevillageof into theirhomes.Attimestheyhadlittletoeatandnoplace United Brethren,theyhadtofindpeoplewillinginvitethem aries venturedfurtherfromtheestablishedcongregationsof bers andothers)toprovideshelterfood.Whenthemission- meaning thattheydependedonlocalindividuals(Churchmem aries ofthe1840straveledwithoutpurseorscrip(seeD&C24:18), temporal needswhiletheyareserving.Incontrast,themission ward members,bearamajorityoftheresponsibilityfortheir and dedicationtothegospeltheyhadembraced. cipleship showstheseyounglocalmissionaries’fullconversion Barnes baptizedElijahandhiswife,Margaret. their home and neighborhood, onSunday, 5 September1840, timony.” Afterstayingwiththemseveraldaysandpreachingin “of ElijahCliffordtarriedthereandlodged[bore]tes- he walkedelevenmilestoAbinghall,whereenteredthehome baptized. Forexample,JamesBarnesrelatedthatonaWednesday individuals who invited missionaries into their homes were later ees wouldinvitethemissionariestohisorherhome.Often, up andfinishhisdiscourse. carried on preaching until Spiers woke up again and could stand in frontofalargecongregation.Hiscompanion,BrotherWarren, these peoplewhotreateduswiththegreatestofkindness.” shelter forthenight,“andfromthistimewehad ahomewith fed himandthenintroducedtoMrs.Tunks, who provided entered thetownofLeominster,“somepeoplenamed Wright” lished branches of the Church.John Spiers recorded that as he aries hadsimilarexperiencesastheyventuredbeyond theestab the nextfewmonths. Tunks andmanyofherfamilymembersjoinedthe Churchover Although WilfordWoodruff’s missionaryserviceinthe Missionaries today,oftenwiththehelpoftheirfamiliesand Sometimes afterameetinginnewvillage,oneoftheattend 56 52 Thisexampleofdetermineddis 54 Othermission- 53

55 Mrs. - - - - -

77 The Missionaries and Their Labors The Field Is White atives scattered throughout the region, the gospelspread farther Perhaps becausetheearly Churchmembershadfriendsandrel mountains fromGarwayintoAbergavennyandLlantony Abbey. missionaries alsoventuredintoMonmouthshire,going overthe tenham, andtheForestofDean,tonamejustafew. Someofthe in GloucestershireincludedDymock,Deerhurst,Apperley, Chel the MalvernHillareasofAlfrickandSuckley.Strong branches shire hadbranchesaroundGadfieldElmandBerrow, aswell Fromes Hill,Lugwardine,StanleyandColwall. Worcester shire. OtherbranchesinHerefordshireincluded Leominster, as Garway,EywasHarold,andOrcopinsouthwestern Hereford tions. Brancheswithstrongmembershipdevelopedinareassuch all overtheThreeCounties,notcenteredonlyinoneortwoloca membership grow. The missionaries and members were spread followed himandcontinuedtoteachthegospel,helpingChurch Herefordshire countryside.(PhotobyCynthiaDoxeyGreen.) - - - - - to becomemywife.” that “I had baptized the person that wasdesignedby providence the dayhebaptizedMaryAnnPrice,Spiritrevealedtohim travel toNauvoo. March 1842inLiverpool,beforetheyembarkedontheshipto or churchesinwhichtodelivertheirmessage. streets, buttheyalsofocusedonfindinghomes, meeting places, Ann Price. keeper, Mrs.ElizabethKnight,andheryoungersister,MissMary Mr. Daniel Price, his widowed niece whoserved as his house passed throughOrcophestayedatthePigeonHouseEstatewith a fewdays.Forexample,JamesPalmermentionedthatwhenhe to visitregularly,butveryrarelywouldtheystayformorethan Lugwardine. Theymayhavehadcertainplacestheywouldreturn another wouldbeleavingfromGarwayandgoingtoDymockor paths, asonewouldmentiongoingtoGarwayandOrcopwhile appointments topreach.Theyoftencrisscrossedeachother’s then theywouldmoveontoanothertownwherehadmade the samefamily,teachingandbaptizinginaparticularvillage,but long inthesamearea.Theymayhavestayedadayortwowith from placetoplace. afield morequicklythanifthemissionarieshadgonerandomly against theChurch. Church andthatMrs.Knightwasbaptizedbuteventuallyturned that Mr.Pricereceivedhimverykindlybutneverjoinedthe motive forJames’smanyvisitstothePigeonHouse.Hestated in herhome,andalarge andattentivecongregationgathered. a Mrs. Davis who was willing to have the missionaries preach shire, butarrivedwhenMr. Joneswasnotathome.Hethenfound planned tomeetatthehomeofMr.JonesinLongtown, Hereford to preachwherevertheycould.Forexample,John Needham had lished branches,theywouldseekoutmeetingplaces andarrange meetings. Asthemissionaries moved intoplaceswithno estab newly formedbranchesandforlocalconferences leadership the localgovernments,becamecentralmeeting placesforthe barns oftheUnitedBrethren,alreadylicensedfor preachingby The missionaries preached in open-air meetings or in the These earlymissionaries’diariesshowthattheyrarelystayed 57 Laterinhisreminiscences,Palmerrecalledthaton 60 59 58 JamesPalmermarriedMaryAnnPricein Thisyoungwomanmayhaveprovideda 61 Thehomesand - - -

79 The Missionaries and Their Labors

80 The Field Is White ings. though forprivateuse,”andtheywereabletoholdtheirmeet one; accordinglywesentoneofthememberstotakeahouseas So hefounditnecessary“toresorttosomestratagemobtain the Church,andhecouldnotobtainahouseinwhichtopreach. and baptizinginLeominster,manythetownturnedagainst liams’s descriptionofthe thingsheheardandthechangethat priest inTheChurchof Jesus ChristofLatter-daySaints.Wil a formerUnitedBrethren preacherwhowasanewlyordained the Mormonscamewithhearingpreachingof JohnCheese, what the missionaries preached. Williams’s first experience with for theUnitedBrethren,givesaninterestingperspective about ing ofChrist. tion oftheprimitivechurchinChrist’sday,and SecondCom first principlesofthegospel,plansalvation, theorganiza readily available,themissionariesfocusedtheirpreaching onthe time. Mr. Davisgavepermissionforthemtopreachathishomeanother we wereallsatisfiedandourheartswarefilledwithJoy[ ter andverseline,uponlineherealittlethereuntil God” shared“godsdivinelaw,”usingthescriptures,“givingchap Palmer firstheardWilfordWoodruffpreach,this“noblemanof pel. JamesPalmerdescribedElderWoodruff’spreaching.When the missionaries’methodsofteachingdoctrinesgos- share withinvestigators.Thejournalsprovideafewexamplesof The early missionaries had no set lessonplans or discussionsto Content ofthePreaching to desirebaptism. the commandmentsofGod.This knowledge ledhimandothers ruff astheprophetsofoldwereinspiredbyHolyGhosttowrite Palmer testifiedthattheHolyGhostenlightenedWilfordWood- ally abletoestablishabettermeetingplace. Isaac TunksintheCornMarketSquare;thustheywereeventu license foraplacetopreachinLeominsteratbuildinghiredby In contrast,JohnSpiers told how after hehad been preaching The journalofWilliamWilliams,averydedicated preacher 63 62 Twomonthslater,JohnSpiersappliedforandreceiveda

67 66 Althoughtheydidnothaveprintedmaterials 64 sic].” 65 ------

the wordsofpreacher,whohadauthorityfrom God. but becausetheHolyGhostcommunicatedtruthfulness of vinced of truth, not merely because the preacher was exciting, tions ofWilliamWilliamsareevidencethatpeople werecon changes apparent in John Cheese’s preaching style and the reac- truth andthetestimonyreceivedthroughHoly Ghost.The people wereconvertedtothegospelbecauseofmessage gift oftheHolyGhost.Evenwithoutprintedmaterialstoread, preaching styleashetaughtaboutrepentance,baptism,andthe bership hadmadeinJohnCheese,noticingacontrasthisnew and themissionariesforChurch.Hisentryisasfollows: contrast between the styles of preaching of the United Brethren had come overJohn Cheese since hisbaptismshowsan effective Counties wasfollowedby timesoftestingandtrial.Although after acceptingthegospel andgoingouttopreachintheThree According tothepatternexplained inchapter1,experiencingjoy Persecution William Williams recognized the change that Church mem and feltabashed. in himheseemedtoteachasonehavingauthorityandwefeltit as heProceededProvedfromourownBiblewhatachange No ThunderingsofHell&damnationtoScar[e]usbuteachPart perfect easefromfirsttolastNoexcitementbutaPerfectcalm did notseemtowantforanythingbutSeemedProceedwith Such inPartwasthePrincipelsuponwhichhediscoursed to ZionwhileJudgmentsRolledthrotheNationsofearth it Shortinrighteousnesstogatherthemeek&HonestHeart eternal JudgmentforGodwasagoingtodogreatwork&cut Laying on of hands Believeing in doctrine of the Resurection & for theRemissionofthemgetgiftHolyGhostby heaven thatitwasourdutytorepentofSinsbebaptized Jesus ChristCalledLatterdaySaintshesaidGodhadSpokefrom Plain SimpleStileConcerningthedoctrinesofChurch After Singing & Prayer [JohnCheese]BeganPreachingin a 68 - -

81 The Missionaries and Their Labors

82 The Field Is White bring orderbacktothemeeting. tion gotintoanuproar,and theycalledinthelocalconstableto a timewhenministerbecame socombativethatthecongrega help sustain them. ing a little longer to the missionaries, he gave them two pence to odist minister who got up to disturb a meeting, but after listen help and guidance of the Spirit. James Palmer wrote of a Meth- missionaries wereabletoovercomethosedisturbancesbythe Despite their relative youth and inexperience in the Church, the listeners thattheLatter-daySaintswerepreachingfalsehoods. interrupting meetings,defyingdoctrine,andtryingtoconvincethe and thenthey“hadagoodnightsrest[sic].” After themobbrokeup,Saintshadtoclearawaydebris, names ofthemobleaderssotheycouldreportthemtolaw. he wouldbeinjuredbythemob,buttheywentouttorecord that thelocalbrethrendidnotallowhimtogooutsideforfear windows androoftileswerebroken.WilfordWoodruffreports eggs atthehome.Althoughwindowswereshuttered,some disrupt themeeting.Theyalsothrewstones,bricks,androtten street outsidethehouse,beatingdrums,pots,andpails,tryingto house inDymock,thelocalpopulaceparadedupanddown that during one meeting in September 1840, at Thomas Kington’s up thetownspeopleagainstSaints.ElderWoodruffrecorded to thelocalparishrector,sayingthatthisreligiousleaderstirred in Dymock,WilfordWoodruffattributedsomeofthemobaction local churcheswhofearedlosingtheirparishioners.Forexample, times thepersecutionwasinstigatedbyclergyfromother they alsohadtheirshareofoppositionandpersecution.Some people astheytaughtandbaptizedintheThreeCountiesarea, these missionarieshadmanysuccessfulinteractionswiththe sake wouldberecompensedatthelastday. the missionariesrejoicedbecausetheirsufferings forChrist’s the missionarieshadbeentreatedbyminister. Palmersaid for signs;afterward,thecongregationleft,disgusted attheway heckler waspartofawickedandadulterousgeneration seeking sionaries anddemandedasign.Themissionariesreplied thatthis related thatanotherministerroseupinopposition tothemis- Other missionaryjournalsmentionministersandpreachers 70 Not long after this incident, however, Palmer 72 71 69 JohnSpiersrelated - - - Dymock Village. (Photo by Carol Wilkinson.)

Even a local newspaper noticed that the Latter-day Saints were being treated differently than other religious groups. An article from the Hereford Times on 14 November 1840 reads as follows: “Proceedings at Dymock: ‘The Dymock Lads’ (as the male part of the population of that parish are generally called) and lasses too, have been amusing themselves very much of late by shooting, hanging, and burning effigies, which they dressed to represent some of the leaders of the ‘latter day saints’ of that neighbourhood.”73 Apparently, burning effigies was not a one-time or one-place occurrence for the Saints. John Spiers related that in Dilwyn, Herefordshire, the local “good Christians” influenced the rebels in the village to disturb the Latter-day Saint meeting, threatening to throw Spiers into the well and to burn the house down. Instead, they burnt him in effigy, and the next day he was accompanied out of the village by the sound of a “gang of kettles.”74 Some individuals followed the missionaries, taunting them or trying to frighten or injure them. John Gailey wrote that after he tried to raise a voice of warning in Ross-on-Wye, one of the villag- ers hit him on the shoulder with an egg, and a multitude escorted

84 The Field Is White placed beforethem. missionaries andmemberswereabletoovercomethechallenges the ThreeCountiesproviderepresentativeexamplesofhow seen throughoutthehistoryofChurch.Thesestoriesfrom sum theruffianswouldhaveliked. dollars inthetwenty-firstcentury,wasnotquiteenormous cally, thattheamountofmoney,whichwouldbeworthaboutten him totheedgeoftown,cryingoutagainsthim. members arethebestsources forreferralstothemissionaries. the membersofChurch, animportantreminderthatChurch often foundtheirbestconverts amongthefriendsandrelativesof journals relatethattheearlymissionariesinThree Counties resource forteachingthedoctrinesofgospel.The missionary until afterFebruary1841,butthe the Spirit.TheBookofMormonwasnoteasilyavailable inBritain they preachedthebasicdoctrinesofgospelwith thepowerof resources of the present day. Most had few printed materials, but local individualssharedthegospeleffectively,even withoutthe possible formanybranchesoftheChurchtobeestablished. rendered inleavingtheirhomesandgoingouttopreachmadeit and 1850s,duetoincompleteChurchrecords,theservicethey how manyBritishmissionariesservedinthearea1840s growth oftheChurchinthisarea.Whileitisimpossibletoknow faithful BritishSaintsandmissionariesalsowereimportanttothe the area.However,othermissionaries’journalsshowthatmany and manyoftheAmericanChurchleadersmissionariesin Three Counties have focused on the work of Wilford Woodruff Most publishedaccountsoftheearlysuccessChurchin Importance oftheEarlyMissionaryJournals sixpence halfpenny.” the crowdalltheyhad:“theenormoussumofoneshillingand demanding moneytoletthemgoinpeace.Themissionariesgave the missionaries,throwingstonesandsnowballsatthem,finally told ofruffianswhoattendedameetingandafterwardfollowed Persecution ofmissionariesandChurchmembershasbeen The missionaryjournalsprovideinsightintohow these 76 JamesPalmernoted,somewhatsarcasti Millennial Starwasanimportant 75 JamesPalmer - in thefaceofadversity. had greatfaithandperseverancetocarryonpreachingthegospel in mid-nineteenth-centuryEnglandhadmanychallenges,they These journalsalsodemonstratethatalthoughthemissionaries 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Notes

uary 1841),MS1752,ChurchHistoryLibrary,SaltLakeCity. 82–83. 1968), 73–76. comp. EldenJ.Watson(Salt LakeCity:SmithSecretarialService, tion.” ordained mentothepriesthoodand“gaveusmuchuseful instruc Levi RichardshelpedhimorganizetheLeominsterBranch; he Levi Richardsdiscussingtheirmissionaryactivitiesinthis area. found forWilfordWoodruff,WillardRichards,BrighamYoung, and use thecorrectspellingofplace. name “FromesHill.”Unlessquotingdirectlyfromasource,wewill maps onmaps.familysearch.organdcurrentallspellthe spell theplace“FroomsHill,”nameasseenon1851jurisdiction the preachers’planandjournalsorreminiscencesofothersoften 248.6 U58p1840,ChurchHistoryLibrary,SaltLakeCity.Although baptisms. als. Sometimeshewrotethatothersactuallyperformedsomeofthe Journal, 1:377–95. The list contains 479 namesofbaptized individu “Wilford Woodruff’sBaptismalRecord,1840,”inWilford Woodruff’s Brigham Young, Spiers, “Reminiscences,”33(12November1841).Spiers statesthat At theChurchHistoryLibrary,journalsorreminiscences canbe John Spiers, James Palmer,“JamesPalmerReminiscences,ca.1884–98,”19(Jan Sarah DavisCarter,“SheCamein1853,” “United BrethrenPreachers’PlanoftheFroomsHillCircuit,1840,” Woodruff, “Correspondence,” 1969), 12:227. comp. KateB.Carter(SaltLakeCity:DaughtersofUtahPioneers, City. (13–14 September 1841), MS 1725, Church History Library, Salt Lake

“John SpiersReminiscencesandJournal,1840–77,”29 Manuscript HistoryofBrigham Young, 1801–1844 Millennial Star1,no.4(August1840): OurPioneerHeritage, - - - ,

85 The Missionaries and Their Labors

86 The Field Is White 23. 11. 10. 24. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12.

listed afterthetimeheleftregionon23June1840. tioned baptisms,butthelittlenotebookofbaptismshasnonames shire, May151840,”MillennialStar1,no.1(May1840):23. ardson whowassenttoHerefordshireinJuly. ber 1840): 168. Thomas Richardson may have been the sameT.Rich Wilford Woodruff’s JournalWilford Woodruff’s,1:425–427(17,21,22March1840). ford Woodruff’sBaptismalRecord,1840,”379. April 1840).JohnCheese’sbaptismislistedon6March1840 in“Wil ordination; ThequoteaboutCheesebaptizingothersison 1:440(16 JournalWilford Woodruff’s, 1:425(15March1840)listsJohnCheese’s City. and Diary,ca.1840–41,”MS1089,ChurchHistoryLibrary, SaltLake tory Library, Salt Lake City; John Gailey,“JohnReminiscence “James Barnes Diary, 1840 August–1841 June,” MS 1870, Church His Library, SaltLakeCity. August–1842 December,”Transcript,MS4221,ChurchHistory JournalWilford Woodruff’s,1:491–93(12–18August1840). JournalWilford Woodruff’s,1:430(30March1840). JournalWilford Woodruff’s,1:430(30March1840). JournalWilford Woodruff’s, 1:470(23June1840),1:487(22July1840). Millennial Star1,no.4(August1840):86. Held atStanleyHill,CastleFrome,Herefordshire,June21st,1840,” Millennial Star1,no.4(August1840):84;“MinutesoftheConference Gadfield Elmchapel,inWorcestershire,England,June14th,1840,” a proposalforThomasKington tobeordainedahighpriest.Wilford from theconferencesheldin Herefordshire,andonpage69wesee 1840): 68–69.Page68shows ElderKingtonsubmittingtheminutes 1840): 70–71. Woodruff, “Correspondence,”83.“MinutesoftheConferenceHeldat Willard Richards,“TotheEditorofMil.Star,Ledbury,Hereford “Minutes oftheGeneralConference,” Palmer, “Reminiscences;”Spiers,JamesBarnes, John Needham,“JohnNeedhamAutobiographyandJournal,1840 “Minutes oftheGeneralConference,” “Minutes oftheGeneralConference,” Brigham Young,“NewsfromtheElders,” In hisjournalafterthisdate,WilfordWoodruffsometimesmen (January 1841):239.Theletterwaswritten30December1840. Millennial Star1,no.6(Octo Millennial Star1,no.3(July Millennial Star1,no.3(July Millennial Star 1,no.9 ------42. 41. 40. 39. Richards, “Levi Richards Papers, 1837–1867,” MS 1284, box 1, 38. 37. 36. 35. 34 33. 32. 31. 30. 29. 28. 27. 26. 25.

arrived inLedburyon10December1840. folder 1,ChurchHistoryLibrary,SaltLakeCity.Levi Richards 87. Held atStanleyHill,CastleFrome,Herefordshire,June21st,1840,” tershire, England,June14th,1840,”85;“MinutesoftheConference cences,” 30. ences, asheretofore,alsoGarway,etc.” received theassignmenttotake“chargeofHerefordshireConfer Gloucestershire, etc.,”166.Onpage168,ElderThomasKington ter. WilfordWoodruffreported1,007membersfrom“Herefordshire, ber 1840):165–68.Theconferencewasheld6July1840inManches the workofministry.” Woodruff mentionsthatElderKingtonhad“givenhimselfwhollyto Woodruff, “Correspondence,”82.Inhislettertotheeditor,Wilford M205.1 M646p1840,ChurchHistoryLibrary,SaltLakeCity. Church HistoryLibrary,SaltLakeCity. it “BranGreen.”OnamaptodayisspelledBrandGreen. which wearereferringspells it differently,wewillconsistently spell Brangreen, Brandgreen,andBrand Green. Unless therecordto Needham, “Autobiography,” 21 (3–8December1840). Barnes, “Diary,”7–13(September–October 1840). Spiers, “Reminiscences,”29 Palmer, “Reminiscences,”14. Levi Smith, “Autobiography,”3. Allen, Esplin,andWhittaker, Parley P.Pratt,“ProspectusoftheLatter-daySaintsMillennialStar,” Allen, Esplin,andWhittaker, Job TaylorSmith,“JobSmithAutobiography,circa1902,”3,MS4809, Spiers, “Reminiscences,”5(21December1840). Spiers, “Reminiscences,”3(25September1840). Spiers, “Reminiscences,”3. Spiers, “Reminiscences,”2–3. Spiers, “Reminiscences,”2. “Minutes oftheGeneralConference,” “Minutes oftheConferenceHeldatGadfieldElmchapel,inWorces Bran Greenisspelledavarietyofwaysintherecords,including (16 September1841); Palmer, “Reminis Men withaMission,252. Men withaMission,251. Millennial Star1,no.6(Octo - - - - -

87 The Missionaries and Their Labors

88 The Field Is White 44. 43. 61. 60. 59. 58. 57. 56. 55. 54. 53. 52. 51. 50. 49. 48. 47. 46. 45.

tember 1841. (6 December1840); Dilwyn, themissionariesgathered acongregationinthestreet,like but wasunsuccessful.Onadifferent occasion,hementionedthatin in Kemerton,hevisitedmany housessearchingforaplacetopreach property” fromtheirUncleDanielPrice’swillandtestament. greediness innotgivinghersisterMaryAnnmuchofthe “handsome had “quite a disagreeable time with Mrs. Knight,” on accountof her been. Oneexampleisonpage164(1–2March1857)where hesaid several occasions,butsaidthatshewasnotaskindtohim asshehad Counties in1857,hevisitedhissister-in-law,Elizabeth Knight, on 1841. Spiers,“Reminiscences,”26. in theappendix. items 5–8.Thistranscriptionformedpartofthedatabasedescribed Records, foundattheFamilyHistoryLibrary,Microfilm#86991, true.” was saidthathethreatenedmylifehowbeitIhardlythinktobe my Brotherwouldnotspeakatallcomfortablytomeandbysomeit “hotly opposedmygoingouttopreachthegospelsomuchthat Needham, “Autobiography,”22(12or13December1840). Brigham Young,“NewsfromtheElders,”239;Barnes,“Diary,”20–21 Spiers, “Reminiscences,”4(26November1840).JohnSpiers saidthat Palmer, “Reminiscences,”63(14March1842). When JamesPalmerwentbacktoserveamissionin theThree Palmer, “Reminiscences,”50.MaryAnnPricewasbaptized18Sep Palmer, “Reminiscences,”19,21,25,26,tonamebutafewof John SpiersmentionsthebaptismofMrs.MaryTunkson17August Spiers, “Reminiscences,”13(9March1841). Barnes, “Diary,”5(possiblySeptember1840) Spiers, “Reminiscences,”11(16February1841). Spiers, “Reminiscences,”9–10(12February1841). Spiers, “Reminiscences,”9(8February1841). The numberscomefromthetranscriptionofCheltenhamBranch “General Conference,” Brigham Young,“NewsfromtheElders,”239. Spiers, “Reminiscences,”8(1February1841).Heactuallysaysthey Spiers, “Reminiscences,”8(29January1841). Needham, “Autobiography,”22(17December1840). Wilford Woodruff’s JournalWilford, 2:58–9(8March1841). Woodruff’s Millennial Star3,no.2(June1842):29. his visits. -

62. 76. 75. 74. 73. 72. 71. 70. 69. 68. 67. 66. 65. 64. 63.

Tunks andothers”on26March1842. Square” atahouse“nowintheholdingandoccupationofIsaac applied foralicenseplacetopreachinLeominsteratthe“Corn the HerefordshireCountyRecordOffice.ItstatesthatJohnSpiers roborated bytheapplicationforalicensedplacetopreach,heldat Gailey, “Reminiscence,”23(October1841). cences,” 2(3April1840);Barnes, drawn tolistenthem.Spiers,“Reminiscences,”20(13June1841). a “MethodistCampMeeting”inthehopethatmorepeoplewouldbe 1841). JournalWilford Woodruff’s,1:516–17(16September1840). 9132, ChurchHistoryLibrary,SaltLakeCity. Needham, “Autobiography,”20–21(30November1840). Palmer, “Reminiscences,”21–23(nodate,butprobablyJanuary Gailey, “Reminiscences,”15–16(July1841). Spiers, “Reminiscences,”39–40(31January–1February1842). “Proceedings atDymock,” Spiers, “Reminiscences,”32(9November1841). Palmer, “Reminiscences,”17–18(December1840). Palmer, “Reminiscences,”17–18(December1840). William Williams,“WilliamWilliamsReminiscence,1850,”6,MS Palmer, “Reminiscences,”16(27December1842);Spiers,“Reminis Palmer, “Reminiscences,”6(April1840). Palmer, “Reminiscences,”6(April1840). Spiers, “Reminiscences,”43(25–26March1842).Thisstoryiscor Spiers, “Reminiscences,”38(3January1842). Hereford Times (14November1840). “Diary,” 21(11December1840); - -

89 The Missionaries and Their Labors