Vol. 79, No. 3: 197-205, 2010 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE 197

OROBANCHE PALLIDIFLORA WIMM. & GRAB. IN : DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT AND HOST PREFERENCES

RENATA PIWOWARCZYK 1, P IOTR CHMIELEWSKI 2, B £A¯EJ GIERCZYK 3, BARTOSZ PIWOWARSKI 4, P RZEMYS £AW STACHYRA 5 1 Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce Œwiêtokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland e-mail: [email protected] 2 Zamoœæ Natural Society Partyzantów 74/59, 22-400 Zamoœæ, Poland 3 Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznañ, Poland 4 Department of and Phytogeography, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University Kopernika 27, 31-501 Kraków, Poland 5 Roztoczañski National Park Pla¿owa 2, 22-470 Zwierzyniec, Poland (Received: September 23, 2009. Accepted: December 30, 2009)

ABSTRACT The paper presents ten new localities of pallidiflora Wimm. & Grab. from Poland (Middle Rozto- cze, Równina Be³ska plain, Wy¿yna Malopolska upland, Góry Kaczawskie Mts and Western Bieszczady Mts). Information on hosts, abundance and habitat preferences at the new localities is given and a supplemented map of the distribution in Poland is included.

KEY WORDS: Orobanche pallidiflora , habitat, distribution, host, Poland.

INTRODUCTION TAXONOMY

Orobanche pallidiflora Wimm. & Grab. belongs to the Syn.: Orobanche pallidiflora Wimmer et Grabowski parasitic family L. and is one of the rarest 1829 – Orobanche reticulata Wallr. subsp. pallidiflora elements of the Polish flora. It is considered to be rare (R) (Wimm. et Grab.) Hayek; O. reticulata var. pallidiflora in Poland (Zarzycki and Szel¹g 2006), endangered (EN) in (Wimm. et Grab.) G. Beck; O. cirsii Fries; O. procera Lower (K¹cki et al. 2003), the (Fabiszew- Koch; O. platystigma Reichenb. ski and Kwiatkowski 2002), Western Pomerania (E) (¯u- O. pallidiflora belongs to the section Osproleon Wallr., kowski and Jackowiak 1995) and critically endangered grex Glandulosae G. Beck (Beck 1890, 1930). Species be- (CR) in Gdañskie Pomerania (Markowski and Buliñski longing to the grex Glandulosae are mostly characterised 2004). Its threat status is indeterminate (I) in the Kujawy by a cover of dark, usually purple or violet glandular hairs, and Pomerania region (Rutkowski 1997) and sometimes sitting on small warts, on the upper corolla lip, (Parusel et al. 1996), and it is thought to be regionally which makes the corolla appear darkly spotted (Beck 1890, extinct in the Opole province (RE) (Nowak et al. 2003; 1930). Orobanche alba Stephan ex Willd. also belongs to Nowak et al. 2008). O. pallidiflora is listed as a strictly the grex in Poland. The species is differently treated in va- protected species (Regulation of the Minister of Environ- rious studies: as a separate taxon or in the rank of subspe- ment of 24th July 2004). cies or variety within Orobanche reticulata (O. reticulata Wallr. subsp. pallidiflora (Wimm. et Grab.) Hayek, O. reti- culata var. pallidiflora (Wimm. et Grab.) G. Beck) (Beck 198 NEW DATA ON DISTRIBUTION OF OROBANCHE PALLIDIFLORA Piwowarczyk R. et al.

1890, 1930; Gilli 1966; Chater and Webb 1972; Kreutz DISTRIBUTION IN POLAND 1995; Zázvorka 2000; Rothmaler et al. 2002). O. reticulata and O. pallidiflora differ in morphology, The species is known from only a few localities in Po- habitat and altitudinal ranges as well as host preferences. land, mainly from Western and Eastern Pomerania, Lower The former is associated with southern Europe: high parts Silesia and the Sudetes (Zaj¹c and Zaj¹c 2001) (Fig. 1). It of the Alps, NE Spain and E (the Pyrenees), Italy, has also been reported from the Wy¿yna Lubelska upland, Baltic states and Greece. It is known in Asia from the Cau- Opole and Roztocze (Szafer et al. 1924; M¹dalski 1967). casus and the Himalayas (Kreutz 1995; Meusel et al. It has been confirmed at only 41 localities situated in 14 1978). It is a montane or subalpine species that occurs at ATPOL cartogram units of 10×10 km squares (Zaj¹c 1978) altitudes between 1400 and 2500 in the Alps, 1550 and after 2000: 7 localities in the Western Sudetes (Kwiatkow- 2000 in the Apennines and up to 3660 m in the Himalayas ski 2000, 2001, 2005; Bacieczko and Myœliwy 2008), 31 in (Uhlich et al. 1995). O. pallidiflora is mostly a lowland Szczecin Pomerania (Bacieczko 2002; Bacieczko and My- species and rarely a subalpine species. The most important œliwy 2005, 2008), 1 in the Lower valley (Rutkow- traits distinguishing the two problematic species are given ski unpbl.; Zaj¹c and Zaj¹c 2001), 2 in the Puszcza Ro- in Table 1 below following the keys by Beck (1890, 1930), mincka Forest (£achacz 2002) (Fig. 1). Kreutz (1995), Rothmaler et al. (2002). The altitudinal gradient can cause plastic differences in morphology of the species, especially in colour, glandulo- HABITAT AND PHYTOCOENOTIC PREFERENCES sity or biometric features, and may result in the selection of different hosts that are also related to specific altitudinal Orobanche pallidiflora grows mainly in xerothermic and ranges and habitats. While they may be only ecological va- semidry grasslands, on field edges, in different ruderal ha- rieties of the same taxon, especially as regards different ho- bitats, in waterlogged alkaline meadows (eutrophic and sts, the altitudinal gradient and morphological characters, stony), in humid forest communities and scrub (M¹dalski morphological and ecological characters seem to be impor- 1967; Tzvelev 1981; Kreutz 1995). According to Zarzycki tant and conspicuous enough to separate the two species. et al. (2002), it requires moderately warm climatic and li- However, further research into both taxa, including mole- ght conditions, and has a wide spectrum of soil selection cular studies, is recommended. from dry to fresh and moist soils, usually mesotrophic, al- kaline, mostly sandy clays and silty formations, poor in organic matter. GENERAL DISTRIBUTION The species is usually reported in Europe from commu- nities of the class Artemisietea vulgaris, Mesobromion al- Orobanche pallidiflora occurs as a rare or even sporadic liance and the order Molinietalia (Rothmaler et al. 2002). species in flatland regions of Europe (less frequently in It usually occurs in variously degraded meadow commu- subalpine regions), ranging from France in the west, Cen- nities of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, both in humid tral and Southern Europe, to the Ural Mts and the Cauca- meadow forms belonging to Calthion palustris and fresh sus, and from Asia Minor up to the Himalayas (M¹dalski meadows of the Arrhenatherion elatioris alliance in Szcze- 1967; Foley 1993; Kreutz 1995). As approaches to the ta- cin Pomerania in Poland. It also grows in typically anthro- xon are inconsistent, it is difficult to specify the exact di- pogenic habitats, especially nitrophilous and ruderal com- stribution of O. pallidiflora in Europe. The species is often munities of the class Artemisietea vulgaris. It has been re- treated inclusively within O. reticulata . O. pallidiflora is ported from roadsides, fallows, banks of water bodies, eco- widespread and its range is discontinuous; its localities, ho- tonal zones between, for instance, water bodies or rushes wever, are rare. It is included into species with a European- and fields, fallows or trampled sites, rushes, i.e. Phragmite- Western Siberian range (Rothmaler et al. 2002). Its groups tum australis beds, rush and sedge beds, for instance Cari- are usually quite numerous where it occurs (Kreutz 1995). cetum acutiformis (Bacieczko and Myœliwy 2005, 2008).

TABLE 1. A comparison of the most important diagnostic features of Orobanche pallidiflora and Orobanche reticulata .

Features O. pallidiflora O. reticulata

Height 10-70 (100) cm (usually taller than 30 cm) 10-20 cm (rarely 70 cm)

Inflorescence With numerous flowers covering a larger part of the stem With a few flowers usually on the upper part of the stem

Bract About as long as the corolla Usually longer than the corolla

Corolla Whitish or yellowish, tinged with violet towards the margin, spar- More or less brightly violet or purple-violet, yellowish below, sely glandular-pubescent with dark hairs densely glandular pubescent with dark violet glandular hairs below

Host Cirsium species ( C. arvense , C. eriophorum , C. vulgare , C. olera- Cirsium erisithales , Carlina acaulis , Scabiosa lucida , Carduus ceum , C. palustre , C. rivulare ) and Carduus species ( C. acanthoi- defloratus , Knautia dipsacifolia , K. sylvatica des , C. crispus , C. personata )

Altitudinal range From plains to submontane areas Montane to subalpine Vol. 79, No. 3: 197-205, 2010 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE 199

Fig. 1. Distribution of Orobanche pallidiflora Wimm. & Grab. in Poland (after Zaj¹c and Zaj¹c 2001, in ATPOL grid 10×10 km, mod - ified and supplemented); s – new localities, l – presently existing localities, l – locality not confirmed at present, probably extinct.

It grows in a fertile and humid anthropogenic habitat in squares (Zaj¹c 1978). The nomenclature of the vascular patches of Carduetum personatae Hadaè et al. 1969, a mon- plant species listed in the phytosociological table follows tane nitrophilous community of herbaceous scrub, near Ru- Mirek et al. (2002) and the nomenclature of syntaxa is used dawy Janowickie in the Western Sudetes. A high percenta- after Matuszkiewicz (2006). ge of nitrophilous species, especially of the Aegopodion The location of the sites, abundance of individuals within podagrariae alliance, or meadow species of the order Moli- populations and preferred hosts are provided and habitat nietalia, is observed in this habitat (Kwiatkowski 2005). data are briefly discussed below. Plant communities with The species occurs on low hills with closed quarries or Orobanche pallidiflora are presented in Table 2. excavation pits in the calcareous part of the Góry Kaczaw- Herbarium specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of skie Mts between Wojcieszów and Bolków. It forms a flo- the Department of Botany, Jan Kochanowski University in ristically rich xerothermic grassland of the order Brometa- Kielce (KTC). lia erecti. It has been recorded in humid meadows (Moli- nietalia) or in carrs in the mountains less frequently (Kwiatkowski 2001). RESULTS In NE Poland in the Puszcza Romincka Forest, it occurs A LIST OF NEW LOCALITIES in a soligenic baltic mire of the class Scheuchzerio-Carice- OF OROBANCHE PALLIDIFLORA tea nigrae on the slopes of a copula surrounded by a fen overgrown with reed beds on peat-muck soils with a high iron oxide content and in drier parts of a sloping mire over- 1. Góry Kaczawskie Mts, Nowe Rochowice grown with a pinewood with a high share of Betula pube- Location: on the left side of the road from the Nowe Ro- scens (£achacz 2002). chowice village towards the E65 road, ca. 200 m from the junction (altitude 495 m, GPS: N 50 56 24/E 16 02 10). Habitat: Humid usable and pastured hay meadow, ca. METHODS 500-700 m 2 and a ditch between the meadow and the road, tall-herb Filipendulo-Geranietum community with a high Ten new localities of the species were found in the Mid- share of hygrophilous species of the Calthion alliance; high dle Roztocze, the Równina Be³ska plain, the Wy¿yna Ma- content of CaCO 3 in the substrate. ³opolska upland, the Góry Kaczawskie Mts and the We- Abundance: 2005 – 60 shoots (in the entire area); 2006 – stern Bieszczady Mts during floristic studies conducted be- 5 shoots (in a ditch, meadow mown); 2007 – 19 shoots (in tween 2005 and 2009 (Fig. 1). A list of localities was map- the entire area, meadow partly mown); 2008 – 35 shoots ped in the network of ATPOL cartogram units of 1×1 km (in the entire area). 200 NEW DATA ON DISTRIBUTION OF OROBANCHE PALLIDIFLORA Piwowarczyk R. et al.

Host: Cir sium ole ra ceum . Ha bi tat: on the ed ge of a we ed-grown field cul ti va tion AT POL: BE 6242. bor de ring on hu mid me a dows and pa stu res in the So ³o ki ja vid. B. Gier czyk, 2005-2008, det. B. Gier czyk & R. Pi- ri ver val ley, with a mo sa ic of me a dow spe cies of the class wo war czyk. Mo li nio-Ar rhe na the re tea, ru de ral spe cies of the clas ses Ar - te mi sie tea vul ga ris and Agro py re tea in ter me dio-re pen tis 2. We stern Bie szcza dy Mts, Wo ³o sa te and se ge tal spe cies of the class Stel la rie tea me diae. Lo ca tion: the Bie szcza dy Na tio nal Park, by the red to u rist Abun dan ce: 2007 – th ree sho ots (the lo ca li ty was da ma- hi king tra il from Wo ³o sa te to wards the Prze ³êcz Bu kow ska ged by field works in spring 2008). pass (alt. 995 – 1205 m, GPS: N 49 03 22/E 22 45 40). Host: Cir sium arven se . Ha bi tat: sto ny ro ad si de of a me tal led ro ad, fel led si te, AT POL: GF 2631. tall-herb com mu ni ties of the Ade no sty lion al lia riae al lian ce vid. P. Sta chy ra, 2007, leg. P. Chmie lew ski, 22.09.2007 with a high qu an ti ta ti ve sha re of di co ty le do no us pe ren nials (KTC), det. R. Pi wo war czyk, 2008. of the class Mo li nio-Ar rhe na the re tea. It was al so re cor ded ne ar the ro ad in a me a dow with an abun dant sha re of Car- 6. Rów ni na Be³ ska pla in, Ko lo nia Jar czów I (1) du us per so na ta . The spe cies al so en ters fur ther are as, Lo ca tion: E part of the Ko lo nia Jar czów I vil la ge, in stron gly sha ded si tes, ad ja cent carrs with do mi nant Al nus a 0.5 ha fal low ly ing by a field ro ad to wards N of the Wier- in ca na , with an ad mi xtu re of mo stly Pi cea abies and Acer szczy ca vil la ge (alt. 235 m, GPS: N 50 26 13/E 23 34 43). pseu do pla ta nus ; the po pu la tion occurs in ter mit ten tly in Ha bi tat: ed ge of a fal low and a field ro ad be twe en ce re al a sec tion of 1,5 km. crops, S expo su re. Ru de ral and se ge tal spe cies of the clas- Abun dan ce: 2005 – 19 sho ots; 2006 – 27; 2007 – 25; ses Ar te mi sie tea vul ga ris, Agro py re tea in ter me dio-re pen tis 2008 – 223, 2009 – abo ut 1000. and Stel la rie tea me diae do mi na te the com mu ni ty. Host: Car du us per so na ta and Cir sium ole ra ceum . Abun dan ce: fi ve spe ci mens. AT POL: GG 7014. Host: Cir sium arven se . vid. B. Gier czyk & J. So boñ, 2005-2008, leg. R. Pi wo- AT POL: GF 1535. war czyk, 14.08.2009 (KTC). leg. P. Chmie lew ski & R. Pi wo war czyk, 13.07.2008 (KTC). 3. Mid dle Roz to cze, Prze orsk (1) Lo ca tion: a fal low de scen ding to the bot tom of a small 7. Rów ni na Be³ ska pla in, Ko lo nia Jar czów I (2) dry val ley en te ring the So ³o ki ja ri ver ly ing be twe en cal ca - Lo ca tion: ca. 750 m W of the pre vio us lo ca tion in Ko lo- re o us hills, by the ro ad from Prze orsk to wards Jar czów nia Jar czów I (1), ne ar ru ral bu il dings in an aban do ned (NE of the Prze orsk vil la ge), (alt. 275 m, GPS: N 50 25 27/E farm over grown with ru de ral ve ge ta tion (alt. 238, GPS: 23 30 59). N 50 26 14,1/E 23 34 02,1; N 50 25 15/E 23 33 57,2). Ha bi tat: de ge ne ra ted, sli gh tly hu mid me a dow and fal low Habitat: a community with a high share of ruderal in the So ³o ki ja ri ver val ley of the class Mo li nio-Ar rhe na- species of the classes Artemisietea vulgaris and Agropy - the re tea bor de ring with ara ble fields and xe ro ther mic gras - retea intermedio-repentis and meadow species of the class slands, with a high sha re of se ge tal spe cies of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. Stel la rie tea me diae and ru de ral spe cies of the clas ses Ar te- Abundance: 2009 – 4 shoots. mi sie tea vul ga ris and Agro py re tea in ter me dio-re pen tis, Host: . with a SW expo su re, on ar gil la ce o us so il. ATPOL: GF 1544. Abun dan ce: 2007 – 30 sho ots, 2008 – 2. leg. det. P. Chmielewski, 20.08.2009, rev. R. Piwowar - Host: Cir sium arven se. czyk, 2009. AT POL: GF 1550. leg. P. Chmie lew ski & R. Pi wo war czyk, 09.06.2007 8. Równina Be³ska plain, Korhynie (KTC). Location: ca 250 m NE of the village road from Przeorsk to Korhynie, near abandoned farm buildings overgrown 4. Mid dle Roz to cze, Prze orsk (2) with ruderal vegetation (alt. 272 m, N 50 24 39,1/E 23 31 Lo ca tion: ca. 400 m E of the bu il dings in the Prze orsk 53,1). vil la ge on the SW slo pe of the £y sa Góra hill (alt. 265 m, Habitat: a community with a high share of ruderal GPS: N 50 25 14/E 23 30 59). species of the classes Artemisietea vulgaris and Agropy - Ha bi tat: ara ble fields, most pro ba bly pre vio u sly used for retea intermedio-repentis and meadow species of the class ce re al crops, with a sha re of se ge tal spe cies of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. Stel la rie tea me diae and ru de ral spe cies of the class Ar te mi- Abundance: 2009 – seven shoots. sie tea vul ga ris. Host: Cirsium arvense . Abu dan ce: 2007 – fo ur sho ots, 2008 – one sho ot. ATPOL: GF 1561. Host: Cir sium arven se. leg. det. P. Chmielewski, 20.08.2009, rev. R. Piwowar - AT POL: GF 1560. czyk, 2009. leg. P. Chmie lew ski & R. Pi wo war czyk, 09.06.2007 (KTC). 9. Równina Be³ska plain, ¯urawce Location: the northern part of the “¯urawce” ecological 5. Rów ni na Be³ ska pla in, Wierz bi ca site, ca. 1200 m N of the ¯urawce village, SW exposure Lo ca tion: by a dirt ro ad ca. 1 km SW of the Wierz bi ca (alt. 280 m, GPS: N 50 23 49/E 23 33 19). vil la ge ne ar Mach nów No wy (alt. 215 m, GPS: N 50 20 Habitat: previously used to store artificial fertilisers; at 35/E 23 39 08). present mostly colonised by ruderal vegetation of the class Vol. 79, No. 3: 197-205, 2010 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE 201 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I V s a c o n n y I I I I I I I I I I I I I C V I I I I . 8 9 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 ...... - - - . 3 3 2 2 S + + + + + + + + 1 0 4 9 6 1 2 2 2 . 8 9 2 0 2 0 0 0 5 6 ...... 2 7 0 5 1 3 3 1 S + + + + + + 1 0 8 1 2 0 2 1 2 2 . 8 9 8 0 1 0 0 0 2 ...... - - . 2 3 0 5 1 3 3 2 S + + + + + + 1 0 5 2 0 2 1 2 2 . 7 8 5 0 0 0 0 5 5 ...... - - - . 3 3 3 3 S + + + + + 1 0 5 8 2 3 2 2 1 . 9 7 5 0 0 0 0 3 ...... - - - W 3 3 2 2 1 9 . 3 1 0 + + + 0 5 2 2 S 2 1 2 2 . 6 7 5 0 5 5 0 0 ...... - - - W 5 7 3 1 3 8 . 0 + + + 9 2 0 2 9 1 S 2 0 . 9 7 0 0 5 6 0 0 ...... - - 5 0 1 7 . 0 5 9 + + N 2 0 1 1 1 4 2 0 . 8 9 7 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 3 ...... 6 . 5 0 1 2 4 1 + + + + + + + + W 0 5 1 5 2 1 3 4 1 2 1 1 . 8 9 9 0 0 0 2 0 5 5 0 6 ...... 5 . 5 1 1 + + + + + + + + W 0 5 1 3 1 9 1 2 4 2 1 1 . 8 9 6 0 0 0 0 7 ...... - - 4 . 5 6 0 5 1 4 + + + + + W 0 5 2 4 9 1 2 1 . 8 9 7 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 7 ...... 3 . 5 7 1 1 2 3 + + + + + + W 0 5 3 1 9 1 2 b 4 9 2 a 1 r G

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i p t t o o p i n n l n a g i u B h g . . . l d s h . c l u g n n a m i s p r f f p g n n h r i b n n n c r l t s h s s i e r i r u a l c a a i i e e t o h a a h e r h y e a o o n e r a e e i a A c l n e a e i g l p u r a l r r a a o o r r u r P T N L C C C A D T K P A F C D L L R C T M C C F F O G A T C A M A O E H R T C C E R T P P H D C Vol. 79, No. 3: 197-205, 2010 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE 203

Artemisietea vulgaris and meadow vegetation of the class Równina Be³ska plain and Middle Roztocze, and 1 in the Molinio-Ar rhe na the re tea. Wy¿yna Ma³opolska upland (Fig. 1). The present sites are Host: Cirsium arvense . the south-easternmost localities in Poland. Abundance: four specimens. O. pallidiflora is characterised by a broad and variable ATPOL: GF 1583. flowering spectrum. The flowering optimum was mostly vid. P. Chmielewski & K. Barañska, 07.10.2009. observed from July until August (September). Sometimes secondary flowering occurred in late October and early 10. Wy¿yna Ma³opolska upland, Jêdrzejów Plateau, November, especially in the Równina Be³ska plain. Potok Ma³y As a polyphagous parasite, O. pallidiflora feeds on many Location: on top of the escarpment between the Potok hosts. Polyphagous species of the genus Orobanche , Ma³y village and the Mierzawa river; 200 m S of the last including O. pallidiflora , usually feed on hosts belonging buildings in Potok Ma³y. The locality is 500 m W of the to one family and even to the same genus. O. pallidiflora E77 road (alt. 234 m, GPS: N 50 35 13/E 20 13 36). prefers species of the genera Cirsium and Carduus . It usu - Habitat: fallow land on shallow rendzina with a large ally parasitises Carduus personata and less frequently Cir - amount of skeletal parts, on a chalky substrate. A commu - sium oleraceum at the localities in Rudawy Janowickie Mts nity patch covering 40 m 2 (10×4 m), S exposure, bordering in the Sudetes (Kwiatkowski 2005). Host species of the on a cereal field on one side and a xerothermic grassland genus Cirsium (C. arvense , C. palustre , C. oleraceum , C. belonging to Thalictro-Salvietum pratensis, which creates a vulgare ) and Carduus acanthoides have been reported at mosaic of species of the class Festuco-Brometea, weeds of the localities between Wojcieszów and Bolków cereal crops of the class Stellarietea mediae, ruderal (Kwiatkowski 2000, 2001, 2005). It parasitises Cirsium species of the class Artemisietea vulgaris and meadow oleraceum in the Puszcza Romincka Forest (£achacz 2002) species of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. and mainly Cirsium arvense or sporadically C. oleraceum Abundance: 30 individuals. and C. palustre in Szczecin Pomerania (Celiñski 1964; Host: Cirsium arvense . Bacieczko 1984, 1991, 1995, 2002; Bacieczko and Myœli - ATPOL: EF 0166. wy 2005, 2008) . It parasitises Cirsium arvense in the leg. B. Piwowarski, 15.07.2009, leg. det. R. Piwowar - Równina Be³ska plain, Middle Roztocze and Wy¿yna czyk, 21.08.2009 (KTC). Ma³opolska upland, C. oleraceum in the Góry Kaczawskie Mts and Carduus personata or sporadically Cirsium oler - aceum in the Western Bieszczady Mts at the present locali - CONCLUSIONS ties. Po pu la tion abun dan ce at in di vi du al lo ca li ties fluc tu a tes Orobanche pallidiflora is one of the rarest and highly and the spe cies so me ti mes do es not occur an nu al ly. Po pu- endangered elements of the Polish flora. It has been record - la tion abun dan ce in the We stern Su de tes was esti ma ted at ed only at 51 localities situated in 18 ATPOL cartogram 200 flo we ring in di vi du als in Ru da wy Ja no wic kie Mts units of 10×10 km squares (Zaj¹c 1978) after 2000: 7 (Kwiat kow ski 2005) and ran ged from ca. ten to over 300 localities in the Western Sudetes, 31 in Szczecin Pomera - in di vi du als at the lo ca li ties be twe en Woj cie szów and Bol- nia, 1 in the Lower Vistula Valley, 2 in the Puszcza ków (Kwiat kow ski 2001, 2005). A to tal of ca. 300 in di vi - Romincka Forest, and at 10 new localities: 1 in the West - du als we re re cor ded in the Pu szcza Ro minc ka Fo rest (£a- ern Sudetes Mts, 1 in the Western Bieszczady Mts, 7 in the chacz 2002) al tho ugh a mo re nu me ro us occur ren ce was al -

Sporadic species : Ch. Cl. Betulo-Adenostyletea: Anthriscus nitida 2; Calamagrostis villosa 1(1); Chaerophyllum hirsutum 1(1); Orobanche flava 5(1); Petasites albus 4(5); Senecio nemorensis gr. 3; Ch. Cl. Querco-Fagetea: Alnus incana C 2; Astrantia major 6; Impatiens noli-tangere 2; Lysimachia nemorum 6; Mercurialis perennis 5; Milium effusum 8; Primula elatior 3; Stachys sylvatica 6; Ch. Cl. Artemisietea vulgaris: Aegopodium podagraria 12(3); Anthriscus sylvestris 12(1); Arctium tomentosum 9(2); Ballota nigra 12; Chaerophyllum aromaticum 7(2); Cirsium vulgare 9; Cynoglossum offici - nale 13; Echium vulgare 13; Glechoma hederacea 5; Linaria vulgaris 13; Melandrium album 13; Melilotus officinalis 10(1); Rubus caesius 7(1); Ch. Cl. Stellarietea mediae: Aetchusa cynapium subsp. agrestis 9; Anagallis foemina 13, Anthemis arvensis 13; Apera spica-venti 13; Atriplex patula 9; Caucalis daucoides 13; Chenopodium album 9; Elymus hispidus 8; Euphorbia exigua 13; Geranium dissectum 13; Lamium purpureum 12; Lathyrus tuberosus 10; Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora 13; Myosotis arvensis 8; Papaver argemone 10; Polygonum aviculare 13; Rhinanthus serotinus 8; Sinapis arvensis 13; Sonchus arvensis 10; Stachys annuua 13; Veronica persica 13; Vicia hirsuta 8; Viola arvensis 13; Ch. Cl. Molinio-Arrhenatheretea : Bromus hordeaceus 7; Centaurea jacea 1; Cirsium canum 7(1); C. rivulare 9; Colchicum autumnale 7(2); Geranium palustre 7(2); G. pratense 12(1); Lathyrus pratensis 4; Leu - canthemum vulgare 4; Lychnis flos-cuculi 7(1); Myosotis palustris 2; Phleum pratense 9; Poa pratensis 7; Potentilla anserina 9(3); Trifolium hybridum s.l. 9; Valeriana officinalis 7(2); Vicia cracca 10; Ch. Cl. Festuco-Brometea: Allium oleraceum 13; Asperula cynanchica 13; Hieracium bauhinii 8; Poa com - pressa 13; Salvia verticillata 13(1); Ch. Cl. Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei : Astragalus glycyphyllos 8; Coronilla varia 13; Vicia sylvatica 7; V. tenuifolia 13; Others: Ajuga reptans 5; Alchemilla acutiloba 7; Allium victorialis 2; Alnus viride B 3(1); Athyrium filix-femina 2; Camelina microcarpa subsp. sylvestris 13; Carex panicea 4; Cerasus vulgaris C 12; Cerinthe minor 13; Chamaenerion angustifolium 6; Crataegus monogyna C 13; Epilobium ciliatum 10; Erigeron acer 8; Eupatorium cannabinum 1; Euphorbia esula 13; Fragaria vesca 6; Fraxinus excelsior B 12(1); Galium sp. 5; Gentiana asclepiadea 6; Geum rivale 2; Hypericum perforatum 8; Melandrium rubrum 3; Muscari comosum 10; Picea abies B 6; Pimpinella saxifraga 13; Pinus sylvestris C 12; Poa annua 1; Prunus spinosa C 13; Rosa sp. B 1, C 1(1); Rubus caesius 13; R. hirtus 6; Salix sp. A 5(2); Sambucus nigra B 12(1); S. nigra C 12; San - guisorba minor 13; Scrophularia scopoli 5; Sedum maximum 13; Senecio jacobaea 13(2); Silene vulgaris 5; Sorbus aucuparia B 2; Stachys alpina 4; Stel - laria graminea 4; Thymus pulegioides 1.

Localities of records: 1-6. Western Bieszczady Mts: Wo³osate; 7. Góry Kaczawskie Mts: Nowe Rochowice; Middle Roztocze: 8. Przeorsk; Ma³e Polesie: Równina Be³ska plain: 9. Wierzbica, 10. Kolonia Jarczów I (1), 11. Kolonia Jarczów I (2), 12. Korhynie; 13. Malopolska Upland: Jêdrzejów Plateau: Potok Ma³y. 204 NEW DATA ON DISTRIBUTION OF OROBANCHE PALLIDIFLORA Piwowarczyk R. et al. so ob se rved in so me ye ars. Be twe en a few and over 150 in - within the Bieszczady National Park and does not seem to di vi du als we re re cor ded in Szcze cin Po me ra nia (Ba ciecz ko be directly threatened. However, as a busy tourist trail has and My œli wy 2005). Po pu la tions we re qu i te spar se in the been developing nearby, some shoots may be destroyed Rów ni nia Be³ ska pla in and Mid dle Roz to cze, and com pri- mechanically by trampling or picking. The road near which sed from a few to ca. 30 in di vi du als. The po pu la tion in No- the species grows is also used by Border Guard vehicles. we Ro cho wi ce has ran ged be twe en fi ve and 60 in di vi du als Over ten developing shoots of O. pallidiflora that were in the last few ye ars. The abun dan ce, the area co lo ni sed broken by vehicle wheels were observed along the road and the al ti tu de of the po pu la tion in the Bie szcza dy is cle- edge in 2008. The locality in Nowe Rochowice is located ar ly expan ding. From 19 to 223 in di vi du als we re gra du al ly within a private area in an extensive meadow. Changes in re cor ded be twe en 2005 and 2009, and a mass occur ren ce the usage method (cultivation, application of agrochemical of the spe cies was re cor ded in 2009, when ca. 1000 in di vi- agents) or any building developments within it pose serious du als we re ob se rved. It is the most abun dant lo ca li ty in Po- threats to the population developing in the area. The locali - land. ty in the Wy¿yna Ma³opolska upland does not seem to be The locality in the Western Bieszczady Mts is the high - threatened at present. It is, however, located on the edge of est site of the occurrence of O. pallidiflora in Poland an arable field where it can be exposed to the run-off of recorded so far (995 – 1205 m). In the Western Sudetes, chemical agents. the species was recorded at altitudes ranging from 380 to Due to the instability of the localities occupied by the 550 between Wojcieszów and Bolków (Kwiatkowski 2000, species and considerable fluctuations of the abundance at 2001), at an altitude of ca. 420 m in Rudawy Janowickie the sites, environmental monitoring of O. pallidiflora is Mts (Kwiatkowski 2005) and 495 m in Nowe Rochowice. recommended. The altitudinal range was between 235 and 275 m in the Równina Be³ska plain and Middle Roztocze, and 234 m in the Wy¿yna Ma³opolska upland. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the Równina Be³ska plain and Middle Roztocze, O. The authors thank Prof. Adam Zaj¹c for helpful com - pallidiflora chooses mostly meadow communities of the ments on the manuscript. class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, often degraded and humid. This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and It belongs to ecotonal communities, i.e. borders of mead - Higher Education (grant no. 3577/B/P01/2007/33). ows, fields and fallows. These sites are often disturbed, eutrophied, with a high share of nitrophilous, segetal and ruderal species, especially its host, Cirsium arvense . The LITERATURE CITED species was observed in ruderal habitats in abandoned farms in the Równina Be³ska plain, with the dominance of BA CIECZ KO W. 1984. Ro œli ny rzad kie i chro nio ne w sza cie ro - species of the class Artemisietea vulgaris. It grows in a œlin nej sta wów wiej skich na Po mo rzu Szcze ciñ skim. Zesz. humid usable meadow and a ditch in a tall-herb community Na uk. Akad. Roln. Szcze cin 107: 3-9. (in Po lish) of the Filipendulo-Geranietum association, with a high BA CIECZ KO W. 1991. Rzad kie i in te re su j¹ ce ga tun ki ro œlin do - li ny P³o ni na Po je zie rzu Bar li nec kim. Zesz. Na uk. Akad. Rol. share of hygrophilous perennials of the Calthion alliance Szcze cin 149: 122-133. (in Po lish) on the substrate rich in calcium carbonate at the locality in BA CIECZ KO W. 1995. Stu dia po rów naw cze nad sza t¹ ro œlin n¹ the Góry Kaczawskie Mts. In the Western Bieszczady Mts, wy stê pu j¹ c¹ ak tu al nie w do li nie P³o ni w sto sun ku do ba dañ it occurs on a stony roadside and in carr and meadow com - W. Lib ber ta z 1938 ro ku. Rozpr. Akad. Roln. Szcze cin 166: 1- munities, in a tall-herb community of the Adenostylion -112. (in Po lish) alliariae alliance with a high quantitative share of dicotyle - BA CIECZ KO W. 2002. Flo ra sy nan tro pij na Ko³ ba cza ko ³o donous perennials of the class Molinio-Ar rhe na the re tea. Szcze ci na. Fo lia Univ. Agric. Ste in, Agri cul tu ra 226(90): 5- Numerous similarities between the species composition in -28. (in Po lish) the community, especially the domination of Carduus per - BA CIECZ KO W., MY ŒLI WY M. 2005. Do li na P³o ni na Po mo- sonata , and the Carduuetum personatae (Hadaè et al. 1969) rzu Szcze ciñ skim – re jon ob fi te go wy stê po wa nia Oro ban che association (Hadaè 1969; Kliment 1989), differentiated at pal li di flo ra (Oro ban cha ce ae). Fragm. Flor. Ge o bot. Po lo ni ca 12(2): 267-273. (in Po lish) the locality of in the Sudetes (Kwiatkowski O. pallidiflora BA CIECZ KO W., MY ŒLI WY M. 2008. The di stri bu tion of Oro - 2005), are observed. ban che pal li di flo ra Wimm. & Grab. in Po land. Fo lia Univ. The localities of O. pallidiflora recorded in the Lublin Agric. Ali ment. Pisc. Zo o tech. 260(5): 5-14. region are relatively sparse and highly threatened. They BECK VON MAN NA GET TA G.R. 1890. Mo no gra phie der Gat- occur in usable or pastured meadows, often in the vicinity tung Oro ban che . Bibl. Bot. 19: 1-275. of arable fields. Cultivation intensification, including BECK VON MAN NA GET TA G.R. 1930. Oro ban cha ce ae L. In: excessive fertilisation and mowing, is the main threat. En gler A. (eds), Das Pflan zen re ich IV. (261): 1-348. Overgrowing and an increase in the abundance of herba - CE LIÑ SKI F. 1964. Ro œli ny na czy nio we Pu szczy Bu ko wej pod ceous vegetation are the main threats posed to the popula - Szcze ci nem. Pr. Ko mis. Biol. Pozn. Tow. Przyj. Na uk 29(2): tions occurring in abandoned farms. The locality in 3-189. (in Po lish) CHA TER A.O., WE BB D.A. 1972. L. In: Tu tin T.G. Wierzbica is situated within the So³okija Dolina valley, a Oro ban che et al. (ed.), Flo ra Eu ro pa ea 3: 286-293. Cam brid ge Univ. Natura 2000 sanctuary (PLB060021). The relatively most Press. numerous locality of the species in Przeorsk in the Middle FA BI SZEW SKI J., KWIAT KOW SKI P. 2002. Th re a te ned va scu- Roztocze plain at the foothill of Mt £ysa Góra as well as lar of the Su de ten Mo un ta ins. Ac ta Soc. Bot. Pol. 71(4): the adjacent xerothermic grassland should be protected, 339-350. also because of the local occurrence of rare calcilophilous FO LEY M.J.Y. 1993. Oro ban che re ti cu la ta Wallr. po pu la tions in species. The population in the Bieszczady Mts is protected Yor kshi re (north-east En gland). Wat so nia 19: 247-257. Vol. 79, No. 3: 197-205, 2010 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE 205

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