DOCSLIB.ORG

Importation of Fresh Immature Inflorescences of Pacaya, Chamaedorea Tepejilote Liebm., from El Salvador Into the Continental United States

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Importation of Fresh Immature Inflorescences of Pacaya, Chamaedorea Tepejilote Liebm., from El Salvador Into the Continental United States Importation of Fresh Immature Inflorescences of Pacaya, Chamaedorea tepejilote Liebm., from El Salvador into the Continental United States A Qualitative, Pathway-Initiated Pest Risk Assessment April 5, 2010 Rev. 01 Agency Contact: Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory United States Department of Agriculture Animal Plant Health Inspection Services Plant Protection and Quarantine 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Pest Risk Assessment for Pacaya from El Salvador Executive Summary In this document we assessed the risk associated with the importation of fresh immature inflorescences of pacaya, Chamaedorea tepejilote, from El Salvador into the continental United States. Information on pests associated with pacaya in Central American countries that produce it revealed two quarantine pests that could be introduced into the continental United States via this pathway. The quarantine pests likely to follow the pathway are: Brevipalpus hondurani (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) Brooksithrips chamaedoreae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Sarasinula plebeia (Systellommatophora: Veronicellidae) We qualitatively analyzed these quarantine pests using our Guidelines for Pathway-Initiated Pest Risk Assessments, Version 5.02 (PPQ, 2000). We examined pest biology in the context of Consequences of Introduction and Likelihood of Introduction, and used these elements to estimate the Pest Risk Potential. Based on available information, Brevipalpus hondurani is highly unlikely to establish in the continental United States, and the overall risk is negligible. The other two pests pose potential phytosanitary risks to U.S. agriculture or ecosystems. We determined that the pest risk potential is Medium for Sarasinula plebeia and Low for Brooksithrips chamaedoreae. Pests assigned a Low Pest Risk Potential typically do not require specific mitigation measures as port-of-entry inspection is expected to provide sufficient phytosanitary security. For pests with a Medium Pest Risk Potential, specific phytosanitary measures may be necessary and options are presented within this document. Final phytosanitary measures to mitigate pest risk along the pacaya pathway will be determined during the development of a separate, detailed pest risk management document. Rev. 01 April 5, 2010 ii Pest Risk Assessment for Pacaya from El Salvador Table of Contents Executive Summary...................................................................................................................... ii 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Commodity information..................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Production information ...................................................................................................... 1 1.3. Standard post-harvest processing measures....................................................................... 2 2. Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 2 2.1. Initiating Event: Proposed Action...................................................................................... 2 2.2. Assessment of Weed Potential of Pacaya .......................................................................... 2 2.3. Current Import Status, Decision History, and Pest Interceptions ...................................... 3 2.4. Pest Categorization: Identification of Quarantine Pests and Quarantine Pests Likely to Follow the Pathway ........................................................................................................... 4 2.5. Consequences of Introduction.......................................................................................... 20 2.6. Likelihood of Introduction............................................................................................... 22 2.7. Conclusion: Pest Risk Potential....................................................................................... 26 3. Risk mitigation options........................................................................................................... 26 3.1. Mitigation at the origin .................................................................................................... 27 3.2. Quarantine Treatments..................................................................................................... 27 3.3. Conclusions...................................................................................................................... 27 4. Contributors ............................................................................................................................ 28 5. Literature Cited ...................................................................................................................... 28 6. Appendices............................................................................................................................... 37 Appendix A. Standard post-harvest procedures [Original and translation]............................ 37 Appendix B. Interceptions of quarantine pests on Chamaedorea sp. and C. tepejilote from 1985 to 2008 .................................................................................................................... 39 Rev. 01 April 5, 2010 Pest Risk Assessment for Pacaya from El Salvador 1. Introduction This risk assessment was prepared by the Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) in response to a request submitted by the government of El Salvador to examine potential pest risks associated with the importation of fresh immature inflorescences of pacaya, Chamaedorea tepejilote Liebm., into the continental United States. This pest risk assessment is pathway-initiated because it is based on risks associated with the importation of the commodity. This risk assessment is qualitative; we expressed risk as High, Medium, and Low, rather than in probabilities or frequencies. The methodology and rating criteria are explained in the Guidelines for Pathway- Initiated Pest Risk Assessments, Version 5.02 (PPQ, 2000). 1.1. Commodity information The genus Chamaedorea is composed of approximately 100 species. All members of the genus originate in the neotropical zones in the Americas and are understory plants that live in a warm, humid environment (Mont et al., 1994). Pacaya has a range from Southern Mexico through Central America to parts of Colombia and Brazil and is commonly called the pacaya palm (Mont et al., 1994). It is frequently found in association with other Chamaedorea palms, such as the parlor palm, Chamaedorea elegans. The immature inflorescence of the pacaya palm has been harvested and consumed in Central America, especially Guatemala, since the pre-Colombian era (Mont et al., 1994). This inflorescence is called pacaya. 1.2. Production information El Salvador plans to grow pacaya palms in association with coffee production areas at 400 to 800 m above sea level on steep slopes. The total area in production is planned to be 200 ha or about 16,670 plants total. A plant needs at least three years growth to give a commercial viable yield. Harvest season is from August to December (MAG, 2005). The Salvadoran government wishes to export pacaya to the United States to take advantage of the expatriate and immigrant Salvadorian community in the United States, marketing pacaya especially in New York, Los Angeles, Miami, Houston, San Francisco, Washington D.C., Santa Ana, Chicago, Boston, Dallas, and New Orleans (Beatres-Marques et al., 2001; Hernández et al., 2003). The Salvadoran government estimates annual production of pacaya at 5-10 tons, on 25-30 ha (Esquivel, 2005). Since pacaya has never been an agronomic commodity in El Salvador, little information exists about its production and pest problems. Thus, we included information from other countries in the growing region in the analysis, particularly Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. In addition, confusion exists about the taxonomy of pacaya palm, so we included information about three other taxa as well: 1) Chamaedorea sp., 2) C. alterans, which has frequently been confused with C. tepejilote (Bacon and Bailey, 2006), and 3) C. costaricacannse, which is sometimes referred to as a pacaya in the literature. Rev. 01 April 5, 2010 1 Pest Risk Assessment for Pacaya from El Salvador 1.3. Standard post-harvest processing measures Some standard post-harvest treatments were specified in the technical report on the cultivation of pacaya (MAG, 2005), and are included in Appendix A. These measures specify that the pacayas will be harvested during the months of August through December. The external bracts will be removed, and each will have a peduncle of approximately one inch. The pacayas will be immersed in vats of chlorinated water (50 ppm) for 10 seconds. They will be subjected to a heat treatment of 10 second at 62ºC and then dried by centrifugation. The pacaya will be packed in two-pound trays for export. 2. Risk Assessment The Guidelines for Pest Risk Analysis (IPPC, 2006: ISPM #2) describe three stages in analysis of pest risk associated with specific commodities. This document satisfies the requirements of the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Stages 1 (initiation) and 2 (risk assessment), and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) En Olivo, <I>Olea Europaea</I>
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 2014 Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) en olivo, Olea europaea Linnaeus (Oleaceae), en Brasil Vera Regina dos Santos Wolff Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO), [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi dos Santos Wolff, Vera Regina, "Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) en olivo, Olea europaea Linnaeus (Oleaceae), en Brasil" (2014). Insecta Mundi. 900. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/900 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0385 Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) en olivo, Olea europaea Linnaeus (Oleaceae), en Brasil Vera Regina dos Santos Wolff Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO) Rua Gonçalves Dias 570. Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Date of Issue: September 26, 2014 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Vera Regina dos Santos Wolff Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) en olivo, Olea europaea Linnaeus (Oleaceae), en Brasil Insecta Mundi 0385: 1–6 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8ED57F9D-E002-4269-88DA-A8DBDB41F57E Published in 2014 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history.
    [Show full text]
  • Jordan Beans RA RMO Dir
    Importation of Fresh Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Shelled or in Pods, from Jordan into the Continental United States A Qualitative, Pathway-Initiated Risk Assessment February 14, 2011 Version 2 Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Pest Risk Assessment for Beans from Jordan Executive Summary In this risk assessment we examined the risks associated with the importation of fresh beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), in pods (French, green, snap, and string beans) or shelled, from the Kingdom of Jordan into the continental United States. We developed a list of pests associated with beans (in any country) that occur in Jordan on any host based on scientific literature, previous commodity risk assessments, records of intercepted pests at ports-of-entry, and information from experts on bean production. This is a qualitative risk assessment, as we express estimates of risk in descriptive terms (High, Medium, and Low) rather than numerically in probabilities or frequencies. We identified seven quarantine pests likely to follow the pathway of introduction. We estimated Consequences of Introduction by assessing five elements that reflect the biology and ecology of the pests: climate-host interaction, host range, dispersal potential, economic impact, and environmental impact. We estimated Likelihood of Introduction values by considering both the quantity of the commodity imported annually and the potential for pest introduction and establishment. We summed the Consequences of Introduction and Likelihood of Introduction values to estimate overall Pest Risk Potentials, which describe risk in the absence of mitigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Working List of Prairie Restricted (Specialist) Insects in Wisconsin (11/26/2015)
    Working List of Prairie Restricted (Specialist) Insects in Wisconsin (11/26/2015) By Richard Henderson Research Ecologist, WI DNR Bureau of Science Services Summary This is a preliminary list of insects that are either well known, or likely, to be closely associated with Wisconsin’s original native prairie. These species are mostly dependent upon remnants of original prairie, or plantings/restorations of prairie where their hosts have been re-established (see discussion below), and thus are rarely found outside of these settings. The list also includes some species tied to native ecosystems that grade into prairie, such as savannas, sand barrens, fens, sedge meadow, and shallow marsh. The list is annotated with known host(s) of each insect, and the likelihood of its presence in the state (see key at end of list for specifics). This working list is a byproduct of a prairie invertebrate study I coordinated from1995-2005 that covered 6 Midwestern states and included 14 cooperators. The project surveyed insects on prairie remnants and investigated the effects of fire on those insects. It was funded in part by a series of grants from the US Fish and Wildlife Service. So far, the list has 475 species. However, this is a partial list at best, representing approximately only ¼ of the prairie-specialist insects likely present in the region (see discussion below). Significant input to this list is needed, as there are major taxa groups missing or greatly under represented. Such absence is not necessarily due to few or no prairie-specialists in those groups, but due more to lack of knowledge about life histories (at least published knowledge), unsettled taxonomy, and lack of taxonomic specialists currently working in those groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera) (Excluding Anthribidae
    A FAUNAL SURVEY AND ZOOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE CURCULIONOIDEA (COLEOPTERA) (EXCLUDING ANTHRIBIDAE, PLATPODINAE. AND SCOLYTINAE) OF THE LOWER RIO GRANDE VALLEY OF TEXAS A Thesis TAMI ANNE CARLOW Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 1997 Major Subject; Entomology A FAUNAL SURVEY AND ZOOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE CURCVLIONOIDEA (COLEOPTERA) (EXCLUDING ANTHRIBIDAE, PLATYPODINAE. AND SCOLYTINAE) OF THE LOWER RIO GRANDE VALLEY OF TEXAS A Thesis by TAMI ANNE CARLOW Submitted to Texas AgcM University in partial fulltllment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved as to style and content by: Horace R. Burke (Chair of Committee) James B. Woolley ay, Frisbie (Member) (Head of Department) Gilbert L. Schroeter (Member) August 1997 Major Subject: Entomology A Faunal Survey and Zoogeographic Analysis of the Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) (Excluding Anthribidae, Platypodinae, and Scolytinae) of the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. (August 1997) Tami Anne Carlow. B.S. , Cornell University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Horace R. Burke An annotated list of the Curculionoidea (Coleoptem) (excluding Anthribidae, Platypodinae, and Scolytinae) is presented for the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas. The list includes species that occur in Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr, and Wigacy counties. Each of the 23S species in 97 genera is tteated according to its geographical range. Lower Rio Grande distribution, seasonal activity, plant associations, and biology. The taxonomic atTangement follows O' Brien &, Wibmer (I og2). A table of the species occuning in patxicular areas of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, such as the Boca Chica Beach area, the Sabal Palm Grove Sanctuary, Bentsen-Rio Grande State Park, and the Falcon Dam area is included.
    [Show full text]
  • History Traits of Encarsia Guadeloupae, a Natural Enemy of the Invasive Spiralling Whitefly Aleurodicus Dispersus G
    J. Appl. Entomol. ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Life-history traits of Encarsia guadeloupae, a natural enemy of the invasive spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus G. Mollot1,2, N. Borowiec2,3, P.-F. Duyck2,S.Glenac 2 & S. Quilici2 1 CNRS, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR 5175, Montpellier Cedex 5, France 2 CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, CIRAD / UniversitedeLaR eunion, Pole^ de Protection des Plantes, Saint-Pierre, La Reunion, France 3 INRA, Equipe Recherche et Developpement en Lutte Biologique, UMR 1355 ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France Keywords Abstract alternative host, classical biological control, hymenopteran parasitoid, La Reunion, On south-west Indian Ocean islands, many crops and ornamental plants parasitism rate, survival are threatened by the spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), which is a polyphagous pest that is native to the Caribbean Correspondence region. Aleurodicus dispersus causes economic damage to various crops on Gregory Mollot (corresponding author), all the islands in the south-west Indian Ocean. The hymenopteran parasit- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive oid Encarsia guadeloupae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is a natural enemy (CEFE), UMR 5175, campus CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, of A. dispersus on the Caribbean islands. In this study, we assessed the geo- France. E-mail: [email protected] graphical distribution of the parasitoid in La Reunion, an island in the south-west Indian Ocean where the parasitoid was first observed in 2004. Received: March 20, 2014; accepted: April 9, We also investigated its main life-history traits. Field surveys indicated 2015. that the parasitoid is widespread in most of the low-lying areas of the island and exhibits high parasitism rates on A.
    [Show full text]
  • Nymphalidae, Brassolinae) from Panama, with Remarks on Larval Food Plants for the Subfamily
    Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 5,3 (4), 1999, 142- 152 EARLY STAGES OF CALICO ILLIONEUS AND C. lDOMENEUS (NYMPHALIDAE, BRASSOLINAE) FROM PANAMA, WITH REMARKS ON LARVAL FOOD PLANTS FOR THE SUBFAMILY. CARLA M. PENZ Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 West Wells Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA , and Curso de P6s-Gradua9ao em Biocicncias, Pontiffcia Universidade Cat61ica do Rio Grande do SuI, Av. Ipiranga 6681, FOlto Alegre, RS 90619-900, BRAZIL ANNETTE AIELLO Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apdo. 2072, Balboa, Ancon, HEPUBLIC OF PANAMA AND ROBERT B. SRYGLEY Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apdo. 2072, Balboa, Ancon, REPUBLIC OF PANAMA, and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX13PS, ENGLAND ABSTRACT, Here we describe the complete life cycle of Galigo illioneus oberon Butler and the mature larva and pupa of C. idomeneus (L.). The mature larva and pupa of each species are illustrated. We also provide a compilation of host records for members of the Brassolinae and briefly address the interaction between these butterflies and their larval food plants, Additional key words: Central America, host records, monocotyledonous plants, larval food plants. The nymphalid subfamily Brassolinae includes METHODS Neotropical species of large body size and crepuscular habits, both as caterpillars and adults (Harrison 1963, Between 25 May and .31 December, 1994 we Casagrande 1979, DeVries 1987, Slygley 1994). Larvae searched for ovipositing female butterflies along generally consume large quantities of plant material to Pipeline Road, Soberania National Park, Panama, mo­ reach maturity, a behavior that may be related as much tivated by a study on Caligo mating behavior (Srygley to the low nutrient content of their larval food plants & Penz 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Catalog of the Encarsia of the World (2007)
    Catalog of the Encarsia of the World (2007) John Heraty, James Woolley and Andrew Polaszek (a work in progress) Note: names in parentheses refer to species groups, not subgenera. Encarsia Foerster, 1878. Type species: Encarsia tricolor Foerster, by original designation. Aspidiotiphagus Howard, 1894a. Type species: Coccophagus citrinus Craw, by original designation. Synonymy by Viggiani & Mazzone, 1979[144]: 44. Aspidiotiphagus Howard, 1894a. Type species: Coccophagus citrinus Craw, by original designation. Synonymy by Viggiani & Mazzone, 1979[144]: 44. Prospalta Howard, 1894b. Type species: Coccophagus aurantii Howard. Subsequently designated by ICZN, Opinion 845, 1968: 12-13. Homonym; discovered by ??. Encarsia of the World 2 Prospalta Howard, 1894b. Type species: Coccophagus aurantii Howard. Homonym of Prospalta Howard; discovered by ??. Encarsia; Howard, 1895b. Subsequent description. Prospaltella Ashmead, 1904[238]. Replacement name; synonymy by Viggiani & Mazzone, 1979[144]: 44. Prospaltella Ashmead, 1904[238]. Replacement name for Prospalta Howard Viggiani & Mazzone, 1979[144]: 44. Mimatomus Cockerell, 1911. Type species: Mimatomus peltatus Cockerell, by monotypy. Synonymy by Girault, 1917[312]: 114. Doloresia Mercet, 1912. Type species: Prospaltella filicornis Mercet, by original designation. Synonymy by Mercet, 1930a: 191. Aspidiotiphagus; Mercet, 1912a. Subsequent description. Encarsia; Mercet, 1912a. Subsequent description. Prospaltella; Mercet, 1912a. Subsequent description. Prospaltoides Bréthes, 1914. Type species: Prospaltoides
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae* ) in Agroecological Systems of Northern Cauca, Colombia
    Pardo-Locarno et al.: White Grub Complex in Agroecological Systems 355 STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF THE WHITE GRUB COMPLEX (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE* ) IN AGROECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS OF NORTHERN CAUCA, COLOMBIA LUIS CARLOS PARDO-LOCARNO1, JAMES MONTOYA-LERMA2, ANTHONY C. BELLOTTI3 AND AART VAN SCHOONHOVEN3 1Vegetales Orgánicos C.T.A. 2Departmento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Apartado Aéreo 25360, Cali, Colombia 3Parque Científico Agronatura, CIAT, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical Apartado Aéreo, 6713 Cali, Colombia ABSTRACT The larvae of some species of Scarabaeidae, known locally as “chisas” (whitegrubs), are impor- tant pests in agricultural areas of the Cauca, Colombia. They form a complex consisting of many species belonging to several genera that affect the roots of commercial crops. The objec- tive of the present study was to identify the members of the complex present in two localities (Caldono and Buenos Aires) and collect basic information on their biology, economic impor- tance, and larval morphology. The first of two types of sampling involved sampling adults in light traps installed weekly throughout one year. The second method involved larval collec- tions in plots of cassava, pasture, coffee, and woodland. Each locality was visited once per month and 10 samples per plot were collected on each occasion, with each sample from a quad- rants 1 m2 by 15 cm deep, during 1999-2000. Light traps collected 12,512 adults belonging to 45 species and 21 genera of Scarabaeidae within the subfamilies Dynastinae, Melolonthinae, and Rutelinae. Members of the subfamily Dynastinae predominated with 48% of the species (mostly Cyclocephala), followed in decreasing order by Melolonthinae (35%) and Rutelinae (15%, principally Anomala).
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 9-2-2011 Noteworthy Records of Hispines from Belize (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) R. F. C. Naczi The New York Botanical Garden, [email protected] C. L. Staines National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Naczi, R. F. C. and Staines, C. L., "Noteworthy Records of Hispines from Belize (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)" (2011). Insecta Mundi. 702. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/702 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0190 Noteworthy Records of Hispines from Belize (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) R. F. C. Naczi The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Blvd. Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S.A. C. L. Staines Department of Entomology, MRC 187 National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC 20013-7012, U.S.A. Date of Issue: September 2, 2011 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL R. F. C. Naczi and C. L. Staines Noteworthy Records of Hispines from Belize (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Insecta Mundi 0190: 1-6 Published in 2011 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 U. S. A. http://www.centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cultivation and Management of Chamaedorea Palms in The
    THE CULTIVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CHAMAEDOREA PALMS IN THE UNDERSTORY OF A TROPICAL RAIN FOREST IN MEXICO A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BOTANICAL SCIENCES (Botany-Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology) AUGUST 2004 By Parker Clayton Trauemicht Thesis Committee: Tamara Ticktin, Chairperson Donald R. Drake Travis Idol ACKNOWLEDGMENTS As for inspiration, the foundation ofwho I am and my love for science, nature and life - all credit goes to Rindy Trauernicht. The first set ofthanks goes to my family, who has so often provided the means and the encouragement to pursue the many opportunities that have presented themselves over the course ofmy life so far. Many thanks also to my friends here in Hawai'i and elsewhere for their support and healthy amount ofdistraction. I must thank my advisor, Tamara Ticktin, for tracking me down to let me know that she wanted me to be her student. I am truly grateful for her invaluable contribution to my education as both teacher and friend. The other members ofmy committee, Don Drake and Travis Idol, provided helpful criticism and feedback concerning methodology, analyses and the eventual write-up ofthis thesis. Thanks also to Mark Merlin for throwing around ideas. Also, mahalo to Holli and Gerry in the Botany office-the entire department would fall apart without them. Thanks to all ofthe people who helped me in Mexico. First, gracias to the folks at El Proyecto Sierra de Santa Marta in Xalapa, Veracruz.
    [Show full text]
  • LOS INSECTOS ESCAMA (HEMIPTERA: STERNORRHYNCHA: COCCOIDEA) PRESENTES EN EL ORQUIDEARIO DE SOROA, PINAR DEL RÍO, CUBA Fitosanidad, Vol
    Fitosanidad ISSN: 1562-3009 [email protected] Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal Cuba Mestre, Nereida; Ramos, Tomás; Hamon, Avas B.; Evans, Gregory LOS INSECTOS ESCAMA (HEMIPTERA: STERNORRHYNCHA: COCCOIDEA) PRESENTES EN EL ORQUIDEARIO DE SOROA, PINAR DEL RÍO, CUBA Fitosanidad, vol. 8, núm. 3, septiembre, 2004, pp. 25-29 Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal La Habana, Cuba Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=209117853005 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto FITOSANIDAD vol. 8, no. 3, septiembre 2004 LOS INSECTOS ESCAMA (HEMIPTERA: STERNORRHYNCHA: COCCOIDEA) PRESENTES EN EL ORQUIDEARIO DE SOROA, PINAR DEL RÍO, CUBA Ecología Nereida Mestre,1 Tomás Ramos,2 Avas B. Hamon3 y Gregory Evans3 1 Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática. Carretera de Varona, Km 3½, Capdevila, Boyeros. Apdo. Postal 8029, Ciudad de La Habana, CP. 10800, teléf.: (537)57-8088, c.e.: [email protected] 2Jardín Botánico Orquideario de Soroa, Universidad de Pinar del Río. Apartado postal no. 5, Candelaria, PInar del Río, CP 22700 3 Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Charles H Bronson, Commissioner. Division of Plant Industry. (FSCA) Gainesville, Florida, E.U. RESUMEN ABSTRACT Los insectos escama se encuentran entre las principales plagas de las Scale insects are considered to be among the principal pests of orchids; orquídeas cultivadas; sin embargo, en Cuba estos invertebrados han sido however in Cuba, little is known about these insects on orchids.
    [Show full text]
  • A Butterfly Injurious to Coconut Palms in British Guiana
    CORE ZENODO provided by brought to you by 273 A BUTTERFLY INJURIOUS TO COCONUT PALMS IN BRITISH GUIANA. By LAURENCE D. CLEARE, Jr., F.E.S., Biological Division, Department of Science and Agriculture, British Guiana. (PLATES VIII-X.) During the past year (1914) the coconut palms in the city of Georgetown have been rather severely attacked hy the larvae of the Coconut Butterfly, Brassolis sophorae, L. While this pest has apparently been known in the Colony for some time, it received but little attention until about five years ago, when it made its appearance in the Mahaicony district in very large numbers, causing considerable damage. Mr. F. A. Stockdale, then Assistant Director of Agriculture, investigated the attack and View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk reported upon it. From that time until the early part of last year Brassolis was known to most people only by name. In a few months, however, it forced itself upon the attention of the inhabitants, and by June of the same year the result of its ravages was perhaps the most noticeable feature in Georgetown. It was then decided that a census of the coconut palms in the town should be taken and a plan showing the affected areas prepared. The task of preparing this census and plan fell to the writer and it is here proposed to give some description of the work together with notes on the pest. When the work was started there existed no Plant Protection Ordinance in the Colony, though such an ordinance came into force shortly afterwards.
    [Show full text]