The Ukrainian Weekly 1995

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Ukrainian Weekly 1995 INSIDE: • Ambassador Yuri Shcherbak meets with community leaders — page 3. • Senate hearings examine U.S. foreign aid — page 8. • Ukrainian American named director of Ukraine s national symphony — page 1 1. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association Vol. LXIII No. 11 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1995 75 cents Ivan Kedryn-Rudnytsky, dean Ukraine to receive IMF loan will be in Kyyiv next week to lend his of Ukrainian journalists, dies at 98 *£S£5Z" personal support to this government pro­ gram," said Graeme Justice, the IMF's senior resident representative in Ukraine. signed a memorandum on March 3 avin Rudnytsky, perhaps the last representa- 1||^^ > P £ Mr. Camdessus spoke to President Leonid Kuchma on Wednesday evening and agreed to visit Kyyiv on March 9. (That decades, and a long-time Svoboda editor- ^^^^^^ШХ^ш^^^^^^^Ш^ International Monetary Fund, announced a visit has since been postponed to March 10, said the presidential press office, with Mr. Camdessus traveling to Moscow on March 9 and then to Ukraine.) The IMF director told the Ukrainian president that he would "exert maximum served in the Austrian army (1914-1916), ^^^^^ИВИІ^ ІіїІІІІІ approximately $1.5 billion which will be effort" to ensure Ukraine obtained a sub­ and later joined the Ukrainian National ^^^^^^^^Ш ШШШШЯ disbursed in several installments throughout stantial loan package within the next few :: ч weeks. Mr. Rudnytsky studied at the University ^^^^^^^ ^pl^ ^•^ ІІ5і§§5 prime minister in the Ukrainian govern­ The main purpose of his visit is to or" Vienna in 1920-1923, where he worked ^^^^^^Ш Щт ІІІІ1І1І ment durin§ a news conference, In show support for economic reform in, as co-editor of the weekly journal Volia, ІІІ^^^^^^^Ш^Ь ..^^^^Д addition, Ukraine has also request- Ukraine and confirm the IMF's intention adopting the pseudonym Kedryn, among ||||^^^^^^^^ДШ^^^^^И ed the second drawing of the IMF's sys- (Continued on page 3) After graduating, he moved to Lviv and IS it secured last October. Together the two joined the prestigious newspaper Dilo. In ||^^^^^^^^Щ^^^^^^^^И credits bring the requested loan amount 1925, he became the first press attache of ||^^^^^^^^ИЯ^^^^^^^И to approximately $1.8 billion (U.S.). the Ukrainian Parliamentary Representation І^^^^^^^^^Д^^^^^^^Я This is the equivalent of 125 percent of Ukraine concerned in Warsaw (serving until 1935), and was ^^^^^^B^^^^eoiha Kuzmowycz Ukraine's quota in the IMF. Dilo's Warsaw correspondent in 1926- т if н ю л t ь Іп a Press release issued by the IMF on about membership 1936. In 1937-1939, Mr. Kedryn-Rudnyt- IvanKedryn-Kudnytsky March 3, the fund's director, Michel sky was Dilo's political affairs editor. as wejj as ш|ш ше TJNR Government-in- Camdessus, called it a "comprehensive, As a leading member of the Ukrainian ехце т p0iancj men France strong and courageous program. If imple- in Council of Europe National Democratic Alliance (UNDO) and Kedryn-Rudnytsky emigrated to mented rigorously, it will constitute a deci- Mr by Marta Kolomayets a UNR Army veteran, Mr. Kedryn- Austria in 1944 where he headed the sive break with the past that Ukraine sore- C needs and that the Kyyiv Press Bureau Rudnytsky acted as liaison between his ukraini an Central'Relief Alliance until his »У international commu- party and the Organization of Ukrainian nity will surely welcome." KYYIV - Foreign Minister Gennadiy Nationalists under Col Yevhen Konovalets, (Continued on page 9) "The managing director of the IMF Udovenko has expressed concern that Ukraine is not on the list of countries expected to be granted membership in Diaspora Orthodox to recognize Constantinople Patriarchate the Council of Europe this year. Speaking at a press briefing at the SOUTH BOUND BROOK, N.J. - The Metropolitan Constantine and the bishops omoforion of the Ecumenical Patriarchate Ministry of Foreign Affairs on February Metropolitan Council of the Ukrainian of the Church in the U.S.A. and Diaspora, and the Church from which Ukrainian 28, Mr. Udovenko told reporters that Orthodox Church of the U.S.A., gathered to come to Constantinople (Istanbul, received Orthodox Christianity in 988 was, Ukraine's lack of a new constitution is at in session here in the Church's center on Turkey), and to concelebrate the holy litur­ during a visit to Ukraine in January 1995, the root of the problem. He added, howev­ February 2-4. The Council unanimously gy with him, thereby ratifying the decision personally conveyed by Archbishop Antony er, that Ukraine's Soviet-era Constitution approved the recommendation of the epis­ with the seal of the Holy Eucharist. to the spiritual heads of the Ukrainian has been amended enough for Ukraine to copacy of the UOChurch of the U.S.A. and The solemnities during which the Orthodox Church in Ukraine, Patriarch qualify for Council membership. in the Diaspora, shepherded by Metropo­ Ukrainian Orthodox Church will take its Volodymyr (UOC - Kyyivan Patriarchate), "There have been rumors that perhaps litan Constantine to come under the spiritu­ rightful place in world Orthodoxy, will take and Patriarch Dymytrij (UAOChurch), Ukraine is not interested in membership," al omoforion of the Patriarchate of place on Sunday, March 12, - the First whose reception of the news was seen as said the Ukrainian diplomat. "Therefore, Constantinople, thereby securing for the Sunday of Great Lent, Orthodoxy Sunday, positive, and who viewed it as an important we are currently taking very active mea­ Ukrainian Orthodox Church its rightful in the Patriarchal Cathedral of St. George step that will impact on the life and future of sures to demonstrate that Ukraine is truly place in world Orthodoxy and those privi­ the Great Martyr in Constantinople. the Church in Ukraine. interested," he underlined. leges which the Church enjoyed prior to its Concelebrating with Patriarch Bartholo­ The Eucharistic unity of the Ukrainian Jiri Vogl, a political adviser with the subjugation to the Moscow Patriarchate in maios will be: Metropolitan Constantine, Orthodox Church of the U.S.A. and Council of Europe, told reporters that the 17th century. primate of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church Diaspora with the Ecumenical Throne there is no truth to these rumors. He The Chancery of the Episcopate of the of the U.S.A. and Diaspora; Archbishop will secure, for all times, the position of spoke at the Foreign Affairs Ministry on UOC reported that the decision came as a Antony of New York and Washington, and the Church in world Orthodoxy, preserve March 3, at the conclusion of a weeklong consequence of discussions held in ruling bishop pro tern of the Eparchy of the integrity of the Ukrainian Orthodox visit to Kyyiv. Constantinople, the center of ecumenical Australia and New Zealand; Bishop Paisij, Church, and will accord to Metropolitan "We are interested in Ukraine becoming Orthodoxy, between Metropolitan member of the Council of Bishops of the Constantine and his brothers in the epis­ a member of the Council," he said, adding Constantine, primate of the Ukrainian Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the U.S.A.; copacy the practical means and a more that Foreign Minister Udovenko has been Orthodox Church of the U.S.A. and the Bishop loan, ruling bishop of Great Britain; effective voice required to address and invited to visit Strasbourg, the CE head­ Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church and His Grace Bishop Jeremiah, Ruling defend Ukrainian ecclesiastical issues. quarters, in April, to meet with representa­ in the Diaspora, Archbishop Antony of Bishop of Curitiba, Brazil and Latin On Thursday, March 9, Archbishop tives of all 34 Council member-countries. New York and Washington, and His America. Metropolitan Anatolij, ruling Antony celebrated a moleben to Christ the If Ukraine wants to qualify for CE Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholo- bishop of Western Europe, due to reason of Savior in St. Andrew Memorial Church, membership, it must first fulfill the obliga­ maios, at the latter's request, and after an in- health, will be absent. beseeching God's blessings on this historic tions it took upon itself when it signed a depth report by the hierarchs of the Present for the March 12 liturgy in the event. Participating in the moleben were cooperation program with the Council of UOChurch of the U.S.A. and Diaspora, pre­ Fanar will be over 40 members of the local clergy plus members of the delega­ Europe last May, said Mr. Vogl, who is sented to the Metropolitan Council. Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the tion, who, together with the archbishop, with the Council of Europe Directorate. visited and offered prayers at the tomb of Patriarch Bartholomaios, having been U.S.A. among them clergy and lay mem­ According to Mr. Vogl, the Council of informed of the decision of the Metropo­ bers of the Metropolitan Council. Patriarch Mstyslav and the gravesite of litan Council, extended an invitation to The decision to enter under the spiritual Metropolitan John Theodorovich. (Continued on page 4) THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1995 No. 11 Helsinki Watch publication documents human rights violations in Karabakh Yeltsin visit to Kyyiv canceled was accused of failing to improve relations NEW YORK - Karabakh Armenian with either Russia or Ukraine. Whereas, 66 forces - often with the direct military sup­ KYYIV — Russia's President Boris of 98 deputies had supported Mr. Tsekov's port of the Republic of Armenia - were Yeltsin will not visit Kyyiv at the end of resignation on March 1, 57 of 97 present responsible for the majority of violations of March to sign a treaty on friendship and voted for his re-election eight days later. the laws of war in fighting in Nagorno- cooperation with Ukraine as had been (OMRI Daily Digest) Karabakh in 1993 and 1994, according to scheduled, reported Respublika on March 7.
Recommended publications
  • Émigrés and Anglo-American Intelligence Operations in the Early Cold War Cacciatore, F
    WestminsterResearch http://www.westminster.ac.uk/westminsterresearch “Their Need Was Great”: Émigrés and Anglo-American Intelligence Operations in the Early Cold War Cacciatore, F. This is an electronic version of a PhD thesis awarded by the University of Westminster. © Mr Francesco Cacciatore, 2018. The WestminsterResearch online digital archive at the University of Westminster aims to make the research output of the University available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the authors and/or copyright owners. Whilst further distribution of specific materials from within this archive is forbidden, you may freely distribute the URL of WestminsterResearch: ((http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/). In case of abuse or copyright appearing without permission e-mail [email protected] “Their Need Was Great”: Émigrés and Anglo-American Intelligence Operations in the Early Cold War Francesco Alexander Cacciatore March 2018 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Westminster for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract Covert action during the Cold War has been the subject of much historiography. This research, however, is based for the most part on primary sources, specifically on the records declassified in the United States in 2007 as a consequence of the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act. The majority of the historiography on this topic either predates or neglects these records. The study of covert operations inside the Iron Curtain during the early Cold War, sponsored by Western states using émigré agents, usually ends with the conclusion that these operations were a failure, both in operational terms and from the point of view of the intelligence gathered.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 1979, No.21
    www.ukrweekly.com I CBOEOAAXSVOBODA І Ж Щ УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ЩОДЕННИК ^И^7 UKRAINIAN DAILY Щ UkrainiaENGLISH-LANGUAGnE WEEKLY EDITIOWeeN k 25 CENTS VOL. LXXXVI. No. 118 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 27, 1979 UNA Supreme Assembly concludes annual meeting Adopts new organizing plan, resolutions and recommendations; allocates S25,000 for national causes; awards ^23,800 in scholarships; elects Basil Tershakovec editor-in-chief .of Svoboda; plans future actions KERHONKSON,N.Y. - The Su­ preme Assembly of the Ukrainian National Association concluded its weeklong annual meeting here at Soyu- zivka on Saturday, May 19, and adopt­ ed a new organizing plan, resolutions and recommendations, voted to allo­ cate 525,000 for national causes, award­ ed 523,800 in scholarships to Ukrainian students, and elected Basil Tershakovec editor-in-chief of Svoboda. The adoption of a new organizing plan proposed by the Special Organiza­ tional Committee and the election of a new editor-in-chief were considered by Supreme President Dr. John O. Flis the two major topics on the agenda of the meeting. The Supreme Assembly, the associa­ tion's highest governing body between conventions, meets once a year at the Photo by Ihor Dlaboha UNA estate during its four-year term of Participants of the annual Supreme Assembly meeting, including the Supreme Executive Committee, the Supreme Auditing office. Committee, Supreme Advisors and honorary members. Present at the meeting, in addition to r Lozynskyj - activating more Ukraini­ Supreme Advisor Repeta, Supreme On Thursday, May 17, Walter Kwas, . Flis, were: Supreme Vice-President the manager of Soyuzivka, gave his Dr. Myron Kuropas, Supreme Director an youths in fraternal affairs.
    [Show full text]
  • Memory of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army in Post-Soviet Ukraine
    ACTA UNIVERSITATIS STOCKHOLMIENSIS Stockholm Studies in History 103 Reordering of Meaningful Worlds Memory of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army in Post-Soviet Ukraine Yuliya Yurchuk ©Yuliya Yurchuk, Stockholm University 2014 Södertörn Doctoral Dissertations 101 ISSN: 1652-7399 ISBN: 978-91-87843-12-9 Stockholm Studies in History 103 ISSN: 0491-0842 ISBN 978-91-7649-021-1 Cover photo: Barricades of Euromaidan. July 2014. Yuliya Yurchuk. Printed in Sweden by US-AB, Stockholm 2014 Distributor: Department of History In memory of my mother Acknowledgements Each PhD dissertation is the result of a long journey. Mine was not an exception. It has been a long and exciting trip which I am happy to have completed. This journey would not be possible without the help and support of many people and several institutions to which I owe my most sincere gratitude. First and foremost, I want to thank my supervisors, David Gaunt and Barbara Törnquist-Plewa, for their guidance, encouragement, and readiness to share their knowledge with me. It was a privilege to be their student. Thank you, David, for broadening the perspectives of my research and for encouraging me not to be afraid to tackle the most difficult questions and to come up with the most unexpected answers. Thank you, Barbara, for introducing me to the whole field of memory studies, for challenging me to go further in my interpretations, for stimulating me to follow untrodden paths, and for being a source of inspiration for all these years. Your encouragement helped me to complete this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Liudmyla Hrynevych the Price of Stalin's “Revolution from Above
    Liudmyla Hrynevych The Price of Stalin’s “Revolution from Above”: Anticipation of War among the Ukrainian Peasantry On the whole, the Soviet industrialization program, as defined by the ideological postulate on the inevitability of armed conflict between capitalism and socialism and implemented at the cost of the merciless plundering of the countryside, produced the results anticipated by the Stalinist leadership: the Soviet Union made a great industrial leap forward, marked first and foremost by the successful buildup of its military-industrial complex and the modernization of its armed forces.1 However, the Bolshevik state’s rapid development of its “steel muscle” led directly to the deaths of millions of people—the Soviet state’s most valuable human resources—and the manifestation of an unprecedented level of disloyalty to the Bolshevik government on the part of a significant proportion of the Soviet population, particularly in Ukraine, not seen since the civil wars fought between 1917 and the early 1920s. The main purpose of this article is to establish a close correlation between the Stalinist “revolution from above,” the Holodomor tragedy, and the growth of anti-Soviet moods in Ukrainian society in the context of its attitude to a potential war. The questions determining the intention of this article may be formulated more concretely as follows: How did the population of the Ukrainian SSR imagine a possible war? What was the degree of psychological preparedness for war? And, finally, the main question: To what extent did political attitudes in Ukrainian society prevalent during the unfolding of the Stalinist “revolution from above” correspond to the strategic requirement of maintaining the masses’ loyalty to the Soviet government on an adequate level as a prerequisite for the battle-readiness of the armed forces and the solidity of the home front? Soviet foreign-policy strategy during the first decade after the end of the First World War resembled the two-faced Roman god Janus.
    [Show full text]
  • Radical Nationalist Parties and Movements in Contemporary Ukraine Before and After Independence: the Right and Its Politics, 1989-1994
    Nationalities Papers, Vol. 25, No. 2, 1997 RADICAL NATIONALIST PARTIES AND MOVEMENTS IN CONTEMPORARY UKRAINE BEFORE AND AFTER INDEPENDENCE: THE RIGHT AND ITS POLITICS, 1989-1994 Taras Kuzio Introduction The radical right in the Ukrainian political spectrum is dominated by three move- ments—the Nationalist Union Ukrainian State Independence (DSU), the Ukrainian National Assembly (UNA, formerly the Ukrainian Inter-Party Assembly, UMPA) and the Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists (KUN). The UNA is dominated by the highly secretive Ukrainian Nationalist Union (UNS) which grew out of the national- ist wing of the Association of Independent Ukrainian Youth (SNUM). The KUN was launched in 1992 in Ukraine as the overt arm of the emigre Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists-Bandera faction (known commonly as OUN revolutionaries, or OUNr). Other organisations, such as SNUM and the more radical eastern Ukrainian-based Association of Ukrainian Youth (SUM), increasingly adopted "revolutionary nationalism" as their ideology in 1990-1991, with nationalists propagating a "youth cult" to attract the younger generation (both for members and intellectual support).1 It is also often pointed out that Ukrainian nationalism will have a large appeal among the youth of tomorrow.2 Other nationalist groups, though smaller, have also emerged, such as the Ukrainian National-Radical Party (UNRP) and the Organisation for the Liberation of Ukraine,3 but they have remained largely insignificant. The UNRP was established at the end of 1990 in L'viv, joined the Ukrainian Inter-Party Assembly (UMPA) but remained underground. Its leader, Mykhailo Stasiuk, launched the nationalist and widely read journal Derzhavnist in 1991, claiming the highly inflated membership figure of 500 members.4 The Ukrainian National Party (UNP) and the Ukrainian People's Democratic Party (UNDP), the founders of the UMPA, amalga- mated into the Ukrainian National Conservative Party (UNKP) in 1992.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 2013, No.20
    www.ukrweekly.com INSIDE: l World Press Freedom Day is observed – page 3 l A look at a “scandalous” exhibit in Kyiv – page 7 l Chrystia Freeland’s book on plutocrats – page 9 THEPublished U by theKRAINIAN Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal W non-profit associationEEKLY Vol. LXXXI No. 20 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 19, 2013 $1/$2 in Ukraine Nationalists defy authorities Ukraine’s foreign affairs minister in dismantling Soviet past makes the rounds in Washington by Zenon Zawada destroying Soviet monuments – and Special to The Ukrainian Weekly offered the legal means to do so, while the Opposition activist Doniy also visits U.S. capital administration of President Viktor KYIV – Ukrainians’ efforts to dismantle Yanukovych has made vandals out of the the Soviet past got a renewed impetus under same dismantlers and has prosecuted the presidency of Viktor Yushchenko. Now mere protesters. the torch is being carried by the nationalist A notable example was Hanna Sinkova, Svoboda Party, whose politicians are taking 21, who wanted to expose what she up the cause in defiance of authorities. described as the Yanukovych administra- In mid-February, National Deputy Ihor tion’s hypocrisy towards Red Army veter- Miroshnychenko, 37, assisted by a dozen ans by frying eggs on the eternal flame at colleagues, pulled up in a truck to the the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Glory Vladimir Lenin monument in the town of Park in Kyiv in December 2010. If the state Okhtyrka (population 50,000) in his native has enough funds to fuel the eternal flame, Sumy Oblast.
    [Show full text]
  • The Struggle for Dominance in Eurasia: “The International Politics Of
    Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej ■ LII-SI(3) Marek Wojnar Department of Central and Eastern Europe, Institute of Political Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences The struggle for dominance in Eurasia: “The international politics of Ukrainian nationalism” by Bohdan Kordiuk in the context of geopolitical concepts of the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists during the 1930s Zarys treści: Artykuł jest próbą przedstawienia rozwoju geopolitycznych koncepcji Organizacji Ukraińskich Nacjonalistów oraz roli, jaką w ich kształtowaniu odegrał pochodzący z 1934 r. tekst Polityka międzynarodowa ukraińskiego nacjonalizmu Bohdana Kordiuka. Źródło to publikuję w tłumaczeniu na język angielski w drugiej części tekstu. W artykule koncentruję się na omówieniu koncepcji geopolitycznych OUN w latach trzydziestych. W ograniczonym stopniu przywołuję również idee wysuwane przez organizację pod koniec lat dwudziestych, aby zilustrować różnicę, jaka zaszła po przybyciu na emigrację byłych działaczy Krajowej Egzekutywy OUN. Outline of content: The article is an attempt to present the development of geopolitical concepts of the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists and the role of the 1934 text “The international politics of Ukrainian nationalism” by Bohdan Kordiuk played in shaping them. I include the source material, in an English translation, in the second part of this paper. In the article, I concentrate on the discussion of OUN’s geopolitical concepts in the 1930s. To a limited extent I also mention ideas put forward by the Organisation at
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukrainian Government's Memory Institute Against the West Umland, Andreas
    www.ssoar.info The Ukrainian Government's Memory Institute Against the West Umland, Andreas Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Umland, A. (2017). The Ukrainian Government's Memory Institute Against the West. IndraStra Global, 3(3), 1-7. https:// nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-50988-2 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de FEATURED | The Ukrainian Government’s Memory Institute Against the West indrastra.com/2017/03/FEATURED-Ukrainian-Gov-s-Memory-Institute-Against-the-West-003-03-2017-0022.html "How a Kyiv state organ is undermining Ukraine’s European integration" Image Attribute: Sasha Maksymenko / Flickr / Creative Commons By Dr. Andreas Umland Historical remembrance and national reconciliation are touchy issues– especially when they concern large wars, mass murder, and suffering of millions in the recent rather than far-away past. Ukraine’s memory of the nation’s Soviet history is primarily concerned with the enormous number of victims of Bolshevik and Nazi rule over, and wars in, Ukraine. Millions of Ukrainians – along with millions of other victims – living in the “bloodlines” (Timothy Snyder) were killed and terrorized by Europe’s two most murderous totalitarian regimes. At the same time, hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians collaborated to one degree or another with both of the killing machines – a considerable challenge for Ukrainian memory policies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ways and Means of the Ukrainian Nation's Self-Determination: a Philosophical Look Into the Future by Julian Vassyian
    The Ways and Means of the Ukrainian Nation’s Self-Determination: a Philosophical Look into the Future by Julian Vassyian Daria Pohribna1 Ph.D., Associate Professor, Infrastructure and Technology State University (Kyiv, Ukraine) E-mail: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6333-8576 Vadym Tytarenko2 Ph.D., Associate Professor, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Kyiv, Ukraine) E-mail: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9251-8859 The paper is devoted to further development of the criteria for identifying the Ukrainian nation. It is claimed that the effective strategy for such identification could be found in the theory of nation by the 20th-century Ukrainian philosopher Julian Vassyian. His main theoretical writings are focused on the “inner” factors which considered being crucial in terms of self-determination of the Ukrainian nation. In philosopher’s opinion, the foreign policy factors are not as essential for the nation’s self-identification as “inner” criteria, which are the national character, volitional activity and spiritual unity. He claimed that the definition of the objective “external” criteria such as language, territory, economic factors, etc. is not essential as well. The main principle of Ukrainian’s national self-identification ought to be an awareness of being a representative of the nation and focus voluntary efforts on its development and improvement. Vassyian pays a lot of attention to the analysis of the main treats of the Ukrainian nation. Ukrainians should overcome the historically formed negative traits of the national mindset — peacefulness, defensiveness, excessive sentimentalism, social underdevelopment, etc. in order to become active subjects of the historical process.
    [Show full text]
  • Ukrainianization, Terror and Famine: Coverage in Lviv's Dilo and The
    1 Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity 40.3 (2012): 431-52. Available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com. Ukrainianization, terror and famine: coverage in Lviv’s Dilo and the nationalist press of the 1930s Myroslav Shkandrij The years 1932-34 were a turning point in Soviet Ukraine. Ukrainian nationalism was declared the “greatest danger,” replacing Russian great-power chauvinism which had held this distinction since the Twelfth Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolshevik) in 1923. Pavel Postyshev arrived from Moscow to implement the new line, which was that Ukrainianization had hitherto been a “Petliurite” operation aimed at developing a national culture and state, instead of being a tool for bolshevization (See Martin 356, 362-68). Sweeping arrests and show trials were conducted in order to intimidate those who were conducting Ukrainianization and to make the republic completely subservient to the party centre in Moscow. By the late thirties, korenizatsiia (the policy of rooting bolshevik rule in local populations) was seen as best done through Russification, and not through cooperation with supporters of a national renaissance that, in Stalin’s view, had interfered with the strengthening of bolshevik power (Iefimenko 13). After gaining control of the party and crushing the Ukrainian peasantry, Stalin began undermining Ukrainianization by linking it to nationalism and the disasters of collectivization. An incorrect, “Petliurite” Ukrainianization, it was pronounced, had stimulated resistance to party policies, caused shortages in grain-requisitioning and led to revolts. The Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party stated on December 14, 1932, that a lack of “bolshevik vigilance” had allowed “the twisting of the party line” (Ibid.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalist Placard Posted in Lviv on 30 June 1941 ENG
    EHRI/Kraievyi Provid Ukraïns’kykh Natsionalistiv na M.U.Z., “Ukraïns’kyi Narode!”/ TsDAVOV, f. 3833, op. 1, spr. 63, ark. 12/ Ukrainian People! Since time immemorial you have lived on your ancestral land, which is soaked with blood and sweat, thickly sown with the bones of your forefathers, grandparents and parents—the best sons of Ukraine, fighters for its liberty and for you, the people. Know! There was a time when Ukraine ruled the world. Your land flowed with milk and honey then. There was a powerful Ukrainian princely state that protected all Ukrainians. That stood on guard for their lives, property and growth. But the riches of your lands always lured hordes of invaders who were starving to death on their Masurian sand dunes, Tatar deserts and Muscovite swamps. Time and again they attacked your land, captured slaves, robbed and ruined your villages and towns. You never gave up. For long centuries hordes of invaders smashed themselves on your forefathers’ chests. But in the end, exhausted by a ceaseless struggle with overwhelming enemies, you fell. Enemies destroyed your state, ruined your capital Kyiv. You went into bondage for long centuries. But you did not lay down your arms. You began an unequal but ever more heroic and bloody struggle that continues to this day. In the flames of the Cossack insurrections, the flames of the Cossack revolution, you created a new Ukrainian Cossack State. And then, guarded by Cossack sabres, muskets and cannon, Ukraine blossomed again. But the fierce enemy Moscow came again, imprisoned you and turned your grandfathers into serfs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukrainian Insurgent Army
    The Ukrainian Insurgent Army: A History of Ukraine’s Unvanquished Freedom Fighters Introduction The history of Ukraine is a story of its people’s struggle for national independence. The aspirations of Ukrainians to establish their own sovereign state blossomed in the nineteenth century and reached a critical mass in the twentieth. Following the short- lived existence of the Ukrainian National Republic in 1917–20, success was finally achieved on 24 August 1991, and a new state was added to the world’s map. However, even after fifteen years of independence, the world knows little about the Ukrainians’ heroic striv- ing for freedom. The consequences of colonial times still weigh heavily on the newly independent state, affecting the discourse on its past, and the current government has not yet mustered the courage to pay fitting tribute to all the Ukrainian patriots who made possible the founding of the Ukrainian state. To this day, disputes rage both in Ukraine and abroad con- cerning the period of the armed struggle mounted by the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), whose members resisted both totalitarian regimes—Nazi Germany and the Communist USSR—for over a dec- ade during and after the Second World War. Various political forces still seek to manipulate this question in order to divide the Ukrainian people, even though the fight for national independence should be a con- solidating factor. In the areas of Ukraine where the UPA maintained its field of operations, Ukrainians did not forget the insurgents, and moved unhesitatingly to formally commemorate them immediately after state independence was gained.
    [Show full text]