Morphology of the Pterion in Serbian Population
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Morfofunctional Structure of the Skull
N.L. Svintsytska V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine Public Institution «Central Methodological Office for Higher Medical Education of MPH of Ukraine» Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukranian Medical Stomatological Academy» N.L. Svintsytska, V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 2 LBC 28.706 UDC 611.714/716 S 24 «Recommended by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine as textbook for English- speaking students of higher educational institutions of the MPH of Ukraine» (minutes of the meeting of the Commission for the organization of training and methodical literature for the persons enrolled in higher medical (pharmaceutical) educational establishments of postgraduate education MPH of Ukraine, from 02.06.2016 №2). Letter of the MPH of Ukraine of 11.07.2016 № 08.01-30/17321 Composed by: N.L. Svintsytska, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor V.H. Hryn, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor This textbook is intended for undergraduate, postgraduate students and continuing education of health care professionals in a variety of clinical disciplines (medicine, pediatrics, dentistry) as it includes the basic concepts of human anatomy of the skull in adults and newborns. Rewiewed by: O.M. Slobodian, Head of the Department of Anatomy, Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University», Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor M.V. -
CLOSURE of CRANIAL ARTICULATIONS in the SKULI1 of the AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINE by A
CLOSURE OF CRANIAL ARTICULATIONS IN THE SKULI1 OF THE AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINE By A. A. ABBIE, Department of Anatomy, University of Adelaide INTRODUCTION While it is well known that joint closure advances more or less progressively with age, there is still little certainty in matters of detail, mainly for lack of adequate series of documented skulls. In consequence, sundry beliefs have arisen which tend to confuse the issue. One view, now disposed of (see Martin, 1928), is that early suture closure indicates a lower or more primitive type of brain. A corollary, due to Broca (see Topinard, 1890), that the more the brain is exercised the more is suture closure postponed, is equally untenable. A very widespread belief is based on Gratiolet's statement (see Topinard, 1890; Frederic, 1906; Martin, 1928; Fenner, 1939; and others) that in 'lower' skulls the sutures are simple and commence to fuse from in front, while in 'higher' skulls the sutures are more complicated and tend to fuse from behind. This view was disproved by Ribbe (quoted from Frederic, 1906), who substituted the generalization that in dolicocephals synostosis begins in the coronal suture, and in brachycephals in the lambdoid suture. In addition to its purely anthropological interest the subject raises important biological considerations of brain-skull relationship, different foetalization in different ethnological groups (see Bolk, 1926; Weidenreich, 1941; Abbie, 1947), and so on. A survey of the literature reveals very little in the way of data on the age incidence of suture closure. The only substantial contribution accessible here comes from Todd & Lyon (1924) for Europeans, but their work is marred by arbitrary rejection of awkward material. -
Persistent Metopic Suture with Multiple Sutural Bones at Unusual Sites
CASE REPORT Persistent metopic suture with multiple sutural bones at unusual sites Ambade HV, Fulpatil MP, Kasote AP Ambade HV, Fulpatil MP, Kasote AP. Persistent metopic suture with multiple in a human skull at asterion, left pterion and right coronal suture apart from the sutural bones at unusual sites. Int J Anat Var. 2017;10(3):69-70. lambdoid suture. Moreover, there was a persistent metopic suture between bregma to nasion in the same skull. The metopic suture with multiple sutural bones SUMMARY spreading beyond lambdoid suture at unusual sites is not reported previously. The knowledge of such variation and combination is rare and very important Sutural bones are small irregular bones found in the sutures and fontanels of for forensic expert, radiologists, orthopedists, neurosurgeons and anthropologist the human skull. They are commonly found at lambda and lambdoid suture point of view. It is very important to know about such variation because they can followed by pterion; and rarely at other sites. They vary from person to person in mislead the diagnosis of fracture of skull bones. number and shape, hence not named. Usually, 1-3 sutural bones in one skull are present, but 8-10 sutural bones are also reported in the literature, all restricted in Key Words: Metopic suture; Sutural bones; Wormian bones; Skull; Unusual sites; the vicinity of lambdoid sutures. In the present case, 8 sutural bones were present Variations INTRODUCTION etopic suture is present in between two frontal bones during fetal Mlife and soon disappear after birth. The obliteration starts at the age of 2 years and completed at the age of 8 years from above downwards (1). -
Spontaneous Encephaloceles of the Temporal Lobe
Neurosurg Focus 25 (6):E11, 2008 Spontaneous encephaloceles of the temporal lobe JOSHUA J. WIND , M.D., ANTHONY J. CAPUTY , M.D., AND FABIO ROBE R TI , M.D. Department of Neurological Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC Encephaloceles are pathological herniations of brain parenchyma through congenital or acquired osseus-dural defects of the skull base or cranial vault. Although encephaloceles are known as rare conditions, several surgical re- ports and clinical series focusing on spontaneous encephaloceles of the temporal lobe may be found in the otological, maxillofacial, radiological, and neurosurgical literature. A variety of symptoms such as occult or symptomatic CSF fistulas, recurrent meningitis, middle ear effusions or infections, conductive hearing loss, and medically intractable epilepsy have been described in patients harboring spontaneous encephaloceles of middle cranial fossa origin. Both open procedures and endoscopic techniques have been advocated for the treatment of such conditions. The authors discuss the pathogenesis, diagnostic assessment, and therapeutic management of spontaneous temporal lobe encepha- loceles. Although diagnosis and treatment may differ on a case-by-case basis, review of the available literature sug- gests that spontaneous encephaloceles of middle cranial fossa origin are a more common pathology than previously believed. In particular, spontaneous cases of posteroinferior encephaloceles involving the tegmen tympani and the middle ear have been very well described in the medical literature. -
MBB: Head & Neck Anatomy
MBB: Head & Neck Anatomy Skull Osteology • This is a comprehensive guide of all the skull features you must know by the practical exam. • Many of these structures will be presented multiple times during upcoming labs. • This PowerPoint Handout is the resource you will use during lab when you have access to skulls. Mind, Brain & Behavior 2021 Osteology of the Skull Slide Title Slide Number Slide Title Slide Number Ethmoid Slide 3 Paranasal Sinuses Slide 19 Vomer, Nasal Bone, and Inferior Turbinate (Concha) Slide4 Paranasal Sinus Imaging Slide 20 Lacrimal and Palatine Bones Slide 5 Paranasal Sinus Imaging (Sagittal Section) Slide 21 Zygomatic Bone Slide 6 Skull Sutures Slide 22 Frontal Bone Slide 7 Foramen RevieW Slide 23 Mandible Slide 8 Skull Subdivisions Slide 24 Maxilla Slide 9 Sphenoid Bone Slide 10 Skull Subdivisions: Viscerocranium Slide 25 Temporal Bone Slide 11 Skull Subdivisions: Neurocranium Slide 26 Temporal Bone (Continued) Slide 12 Cranial Base: Cranial Fossae Slide 27 Temporal Bone (Middle Ear Cavity and Facial Canal) Slide 13 Skull Development: Intramembranous vs Endochondral Slide 28 Occipital Bone Slide 14 Ossification Structures/Spaces Formed by More Than One Bone Slide 15 Intramembranous Ossification: Fontanelles Slide 29 Structures/Apertures Formed by More Than One Bone Slide 16 Intramembranous Ossification: Craniosynostosis Slide 30 Nasal Septum Slide 17 Endochondral Ossification Slide 31 Infratemporal Fossa & Pterygopalatine Fossa Slide 18 Achondroplasia and Skull Growth Slide 32 Ethmoid • Cribriform plate/foramina -
Cranial Suture Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Insights and Advances
biomolecules Review Cranial Suture Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Insights and Advances Bo Li 1, Yigan Wang 1, Yi Fan 2, Takehito Ouchi 3 , Zhihe Zhao 1,* and Longjiang Li 4,* 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; [email protected] (B.L.); [email protected] (Y.W.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; [email protected] 3 Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 1010061, Japan; [email protected] 4 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (Z.Z.); [email protected] (L.L.) Abstract: The cranial bones constitute the protective structures of the skull, which surround and protect the brain. Due to the limited repair capacity, the reconstruction and regeneration of skull defects are considered as an unmet clinical need and challenge. Previously, it has been proposed that the periosteum and dura mater provide reparative progenitors for cranial bones homeostasis and injury repair. In addition, it has also been speculated that the cranial mesenchymal stem cells reside in the perivascular niche of the diploe, namely, the soft spongy cancellous bone between the interior and exterior layers of cortical bone of the skull, which resembles the skeletal stem cells’ distribution pattern of the long bone within the bone marrow. -
MORPHOMETRIC STUDY of PTERION in DRY ADULT HUMAN SKULLS Pratima Kulkarni 1, Shivaji Sukre 2, Mrunal Muley *3
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, Int J Anat Res 2017, Vol 5(3.3):4365-68. ISSN 2321-4287 Original Research Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2017.337 MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF PTERION IN DRY ADULT HUMAN SKULLS Pratima Kulkarni 1, Shivaji Sukre 2, Mrunal Muley *3. 1 Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, G.M.C. Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. 2 Professor and Head of department, Department of Anatomy, G.M.C. Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. *3 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, G.M.C. Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. ABSTRACT Introduction: The pterion corresponds to the site of anterolateral fontanelle of the neonatal skull which closes at third month after birth. In the pterional fractures the anterior and middle meningeal arterial ramus ruptures commonly which results in extradural hemorrhage. Pterional approach is most suitable and minimally invasive approach in neurosurgery. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on the pterion of 36 dry adult skulls of known sex from department of anatomy GMC Aurangabad Maharashtra. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the distance between the centre of pterion to various anatomical landmarks. The distance between Pterion- frontozygomatic (P-FZ) suture 29.81±4.42mm on right side, 29.81±4.07mm on left side; Pterion-Zygomatic arch (P-Z) 37.16±3.77mm on right side, 37.56±3.71mm on left side, Pterion-asterion (P-A) 89.73±6.16mm on right side, 89.46±6.35mm on left side; Pterion-external acoustic meatus (P- EAM) 53.40±7.28mm on right side, 53.57±6.73mm on left side, Pterion- Mastoid process (P-M) 80.35±3.44mm on right side, 80.96±3.79mm on left side and Pterion- Pterion (P-P) 194.54±16.39mm were measured. -
Ectocranial Suture Closure in Pan Troglodytes and Gorilla Gorilla: Pattern and Phylogeny James Cray Jr.,1* Richard S
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 136:394–399 (2008) Ectocranial Suture Closure in Pan troglodytes and Gorilla gorilla: Pattern and Phylogeny James Cray Jr.,1* Richard S. Meindl,2 Chet C. Sherwood,3 and C. Owen Lovejoy2 1Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 2Department of Anthropology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242 3Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 KEY WORDS cranial suture; synostosis; variation; phylogeny; Guttman analysis ABSTRACT The order in which ectocranial sutures than either does with G. gorilla, we hypothesized that this undergo fusion displays species-specific variation among phylogenetic relationship would be reflected in the suture primates. However, the precise relationship between suture closure patterns of these three taxa. Results indicated that closure and phylogenetic affinities is poorly understood. In while all three species do share a similar lateral-anterior this study, we used Guttman Scaling to determine if the closure pattern, G. gorilla exhibits a unique vault pattern, modal progression of suture closure differs among Homo which, unlike humans and P. troglodyte s, follows a strong sapiens, Pan troglodytes,andGorilla gorilla.BecauseDNA posterior-to-anterior gradient. P. troglodytes is therefore sequence homologies strongly suggest that P. tr og lodytes more like Homo sapiens in suture synostosis. Am J Phys and Homo sapiens share a more recent common ancestor Anthropol 136:394–399, 2008. VC 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. The biological basis of suture synostosis is currently Morriss-Kay et al. (2001) found that maintenance of pro- poorly understood, but appears to be influenced by a liferating osteogenic stem cells at the margins of mem- combination of vascular, hormonal, genetic, mechanical, brane bones forming the coronal suture requires FGF and local factors (see review in Cohen, 1993). -
Study on Asterion and Presence of Sutural Bones in South Indian Dry Skull
Mohammed Ahad et al /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol. 7(6), 2015, 390-392 Study on Asterion and Presence of Sutural Bones in South Indian Dry Skull Mohammed Ahad(1),Thenmozhi M.S.(2) 1)BDS 1st year, 2) HOD of Anatomy, Saveetha dental college and hospitals Abstract: Aim: To study morphological features of asterion and presence of sutural bones in posterior side of the 25 human skull. Objective: To know the detailed anatomical knowledge of sutural morphology of asterion and formation of sutural bone. Background: Asterion is the point on Norma lateralis where parietal, temporal and occipital bones meet. It has many neurosurgical importance so any variation during surgery cause damage to dural venous sinuses. Presence of sutural bones will complicate surgical orientation, so it is important to study about the formation of sutural bones and its pattern. Materials and methods: The study will be performed on 25 south Indian dry skull of unknown age and sex taken from the department of anatomy at Saveetha dental college and hospital ,Chennai. Reason: A Research on this topic will lead to the outcome of asterion position from various anatomical landmarks and incidence of sutural bone at posterior side of the skull. Keywords: asterion, sutural bones, surgical importance. INTRODUCTION: The asterion is the junction of the parietal, temporal and occipital bone. It is the surgical landmark to the transverse sinus location, which is of great importance in the surgical approaches to the posterior cranial fossa[1].The sutural morphology was classified into two types: Type 1 where a sutural bone was present and Type 2 where sutural bone was absent. -
Study of Pterion and Asterion in Adult Human Skulls of North Gujarat Region
Original Research Article DOI: 10.18231/2394-2126.2018.0082 Study of pterion and asterion in adult human skulls of north Gujarat region Umesh P Modasiya1, Sanjaykumar D Kanani2,* 1Associate Professor, 2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anatomy, GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, Gujarat, India *Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected] Received: 21st February, 2018 Accepted: 4th July, 2018 Abstract Introduction: The floor of the temporal fossa is bounded superiorly by the frontal and parietal bones and inferiorly by the greater wing of the sphenoid and squamous part of the temporal bone. All four bones of one side meet at a around H-shaped sutural junction known as Pterion. Asterion found at the junction of the lambdoid, occipitomastoid and parietomastoid sutures. Materials and Methods: 110 dry human adult aged skull of unknown sex without any gross pathology or abnormality were studied. Sutural pattern of the pterion was observed on both sides of each skull. The sutural pattern of pterion was classified as per Murphy’s criteria, into 4 types – sphenoparietal, frontotemporal, epipteric or stellate. On both sides of each skull, the sutural pattern of the asterion was classified into type I and type II Result: Sphenoparietal was the most common type of pterion observed, 80.9% of total pterion. Epipteric was the least common type of pterion observed, 8.18% of total pterion. Frontotemporal was not observed in any skull. Sphenoparital, stellate and epipteric type of pterion shows bilateral symmetry. Most common type of asterion observed to be type II, found in 91.18% of total asterion. Bilateral symmetry only found in type II asterion. -
Sutural Morphology of the Pterion and Asterion Among Adult Kenyans
Sutural morphology of the pterion and asterion among adult kenyans Mwachaka, PM.*, Hassanali, J. and Odula, P. Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The pterion and asterion are points of sutural confluence seen in the norma lateralis of the skull. Their patterns of formation exhibit population-based variations. Data on the Kenyan population however remains scarce and yet the understanding of the sutural morphology of these points is important in surgical approaches to the cranial fossae. Ninety human skulls of known gender (51 male, 39 female) were examined on both sides. Four types of pteria were observed: sphenoparietal (66.7%), frontotemporal (15.5%), stellate (11.1%) and epipteric (6.7%). The epipteric type occurred more in females (10.5%) than in males (4.8%). Sutural bones were found at the asterion in 20% of the cases. Variations in the sutural morphology of the pterion and asterion in the Kenyan crania is similar to that of other populations. Keywords: asterion, pterion, sutural bones, kenyans. 1 Introduction The pterion is a point of sutural confluence seen in the norma of Nairobi during routine dissection. Soft tissues were re- lateralis of the skull where frontal, parietal, temporal and sphe- moved to expose the pterion and asterion. noid bones meet (WILLIAMS, BANNISTER, BERRY et al., Each pterion was classified as sphenoparietal, frontotem- 1998). Four types of pteria have been described (MURPHY, poral, stellate and epipteric (Figure 1) based on descriptions 1956): sphenoparietal type where the greater wing of sphenoid by Murphy (1956). -
Foramina, Fossa and Vacuities in the Skull and Lower Jaw of Mud Turtle, Trionyx Gangeticus (Cuv.) by D
FORAMINA, FOSSA AND VACUITIES IN THE SKULL AND LOWER JAW OF MUD TURTLE, TRIONYX GANGETICUS (CUV.) BY D. K. MANSHARAMANI (Department of Zoology, ttolkar Science College, lndore) Received March 3, 1965 (Communicated by Dr. Benicharan Mahendra, F.A.SC.) As far as the author is aware, no work has been done on the skull of mud turtles specially the foramina, fossa and vacuities. I have therefore studied the cranial peculiarities of Trionyx gangeticus, with special reference to foramina, fossa and vacuities of the skull and lower jaw. Trionyx gangeticus, a monotypic, trionychid testudine, exhibits many foramina, fossa and vacuities in its skull, which is typically akinetic moni- mostylic and anapsidian. The latter condition undergoes partial modifi- cation in the shape of temporal region which reveals emargination. The temporal arch is formed by jugal and quadratojugal. The orbits are close to the anterior half separated by prefrontal on the dorsal side. The anterior nares are near the tip of the snout, bounded by prcunaxilla below and prefrontal above. The skull is oblong-swollen, nose convex-arched, forehead convex, upper jaw'with broad flat rugose alveolar plate, which is narrow in front and wide behind. It has three long posterior processes formed by supra- occipital in the middle and squamosals on either side. The premaxilla is extremely small, unpaired and does not reach the nasal cavity or the vomer. The maxillaries are correspondingly enlarged surrounding the choanae, which are separated by narrow vomer. The palatines form a broad deep concavity which is joined behind by long basi-sphenoid, which separates the long pterygoids from each other.