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Guilt, Shame, and Grief: an Empirical Study of Perinatal Bereavement
Guilt, Shame, and Grief: An Empirical Study of Perinatal Bereavement by Peter Barr 'Death in the sickroom', Edvard Munch 1893 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Behavioural Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Sydney November, 2003 Preface All of the work described in this thesis was carried out personally by the author under the auspices of the Centre for Behavioural Sciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney. None of the work has been submitted previously for the purpose of obtaining any other degree. Peter Barr OAM, MB BS, FRACP ii The investigator cannot truthfully maintain his relationship with reality—a relationship without which all his work becomes a well-regulated game—if he does not again and again, whenever it is necessary, gaze beyond the limits into a sphere which is not his sphere of work, yet which he must contemplate with all his power of research in order to do justice to his own task. Buber, M. (1957). Guilt and guilt feelings. Psychiatry, 20, p. 114. iii Acknowledgements I am thankful to the Department of Obstetrics and Department of Neonatology of the following hospitals for giving me permission to approach parents bereaved by stillbirth or neonatal death: Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Royal Hospital for Women, Royal North Shore Hospital and Westmead Hospital. I am most grateful to Associate Professor Susan Hayes and Dr Douglas Farnill for their insightful supervision and unstinting encouragement and support. Dr Andrew Martin and Dr Julie Pallant gave me sensible statistical advice. -
Finding the Golden Mean: the Overuse, Underuse, and Optimal Use of Character Strengths
Counselling Psychology Quarterly ISSN: 0951-5070 (Print) 1469-3674 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ccpq20 Finding the golden mean: the overuse, underuse, and optimal use of character strengths Ryan M. Niemiec To cite this article: Ryan M. Niemiec (2019): Finding the golden mean: the overuse, underuse, and optimal use of character strengths, Counselling Psychology Quarterly, DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2019.1617674 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2019.1617674 Published online: 20 May 2019. Submit your article to this journal View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ccpq20 COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2019.1617674 ARTICLE Finding the golden mean: the overuse, underuse, and optimal use of character strengths Ryan M. Niemiec VIA Institute on Character, Cincinnati, OH, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The science of well-being has catalyzed a tremendous amount of Received 28 February 2019 research with no area more robust in application and impact than Accepted 8 May 2019 the science of character strengths. As the empirical links between KEYWORDS character strengths and positive outcomes rapidly grow, the research Character strengths; around strength imbalances and the use of strengths with problems strengths overuse; strengths and conflicts is nascent. The use of character strengths in understand- underuse; optimal use; ing and handling life suffering as well as emerging from it, is particularly second wave positive aligned within second wave positive psychology. Areas of particular psychology; golden mean promise include strengths overuse and strengths underuse, alongside its companion of strengths optimaluse.Thelatterisviewedasthe golden mean of character strengths which refers to the expression of the right combination of strengths, to the right degree, and in the right situation. -
Losing Trust in the World: Humiliation and Its Consequences Phil Leask*
Psychodynamic Practice, 2013 Vol. 19, No. 2, 129–142, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14753634.2013.778485 Losing trust in the world: Humiliation and its consequences Phil Leask* Department of German, University College London, London, UK (Received 20 May 2011; final version received 17 January 2013) The author identifies acts of humiliation as a specific and often traumatic way of exercising power, with a set of consistently occurring elements and predictable consequences, including a loss of the ability to trust others. It is argued that these consequences are serious and long-lasting. The article makes a distinction between ‘shame’ as a state of mind and ‘humiliation’ as an act perpetrated against a person or group. The interplay between humiliation and shame after a humiliating act is discussed. It is argued that the patient’s recovery of the capacity to resume a relatively normal life is made more likely if the therapist acknowledges the specificity of humilia- tion, the impossibility of reversing a humiliating act and the importance of focussing on the consequences of humiliation. Keywords: humiliation; shame; trauma; abuse; rage; revenge; injustice Introduction Hartling and Luchetta (1999) describe humiliation as ‘a relational form of human behaviour stemming from interpersonal dynamics that cannot be adequately explained by individualistic, intra-psychic theories’ (p. 260). In this article, I sug- gest that there is a need to see humiliation as an act which objectively takes place and which has a victim whose suffering is likely to be substantial and long-last- ing. This perspective makes a distinction between humiliation and related concepts such as shame. -
Awakening to Awe, Intro
1 AWAKENING TO AWE: PERSONAL STORIES OF PROFOUND TRANSFORMATION Kirk J. Schneider, Ph.D. In press, Jason Aronson (an imprint of Rowman Littlefield) Dedication: To William James and Rollo May: Torchbearers for mystery 2 Table of Contents PREFACE ……………………………………………………………………………4 INTRODUCTION: AWE-WAKENING…………………………………………..8 The Nature and Power of Awe………………………………………………………..11 PART I: OUR AWE-DEPLETED AGE…………………………………………..13 Chapter 1: What Keeps Us From Venturing?.........................................................15 Happiness vs. Depth…………………………………………………………………..16 Fiddling While Rome Burns: The “Answer” Driven Life……………………………20 Chapter 2: The Stodgy Road to Awe………………………………………………..22 Objective Uncertainty, Held Fast……………………………………………………...25 Awe as Adventure, Not Merely Bliss………………………………………………….25 Chapter 3: The Awe Survey: Format and Background……………………………26 PART II: AWE-BASED AWAKENING: THE NEW TESTAMENTS TO SPIRIT Chapter 4: Awakening in Education………………………………………………..30 Jim Hernandez: From Gang Leader to Youth Educator………………………………39 Interview with Donna Marshall, Vice-Principle at Jim’s School……………………...63 Julia van der Ryn and a Class in Awe-Inspired Ethics………………………………...68 Chapter 5: Awakening from Childhood Trauma………………………………….79 J. Fraser Pierson and the Awe of Natural Living………………………………………79 Candice Hershman and the Awe of Unknowing……………………………………....104 Chapter 6: Awakening from Drug Addiction…………………………………..…122 3 Michael Cooper and Awe-Based Rehab………………………………………………122 Chapter 7: Awakening through Chronic Illness………………………………….148 -
The Evolution of Animal Play, Emotions, and Social Morality: on Science, Theology, Spirituality, Personhood, and Love
WellBeing International WBI Studies Repository 12-2001 The Evolution of Animal Play, Emotions, and Social Morality: On Science, Theology, Spirituality, Personhood, and Love Marc Bekoff University of Colorado Follow this and additional works at: https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/acwp_sata Part of the Animal Studies Commons, Behavior and Ethology Commons, and the Comparative Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Bekoff, M. (2001). The evolution of animal play, emotions, and social morality: on science, theology, spirituality, personhood, and love. Zygon®, 36(4), 615-655. This material is brought to you for free and open access by WellBeing International. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Evolution of Animal Play, Emotions, and Social Morality: On Science, Theology, Spirituality, Personhood, and Love Marc Bekoff University of Colorado KEYWORDS animal emotions, animal play, biocentric anthropomorphism, critical anthropomorphism, personhood, social morality, spirituality ABSTRACT My essay first takes me into the arena in which science, spirituality, and theology meet. I comment on the enterprise of science and how scientists could well benefit from reciprocal interactions with theologians and religious leaders. Next, I discuss the evolution of social morality and the ways in which various aspects of social play behavior relate to the notion of “behaving fairly.” The contributions of spiritual and religious perspectives are important in our coming to a fuller understanding of the evolution of morality. I go on to discuss animal emotions, the concept of personhood, and how our special relationships with other animals, especially the companions with whom we share our homes, help us to define our place in nature, our humanness. -
The Relationship Between Time Perception and Awe-Inspiring
The relationship between time perception and awe- inspiring landscapes by day- and night-time ALLYNE E.A. GROEN, S1745670 MARKETING COMMUNICATION AND DESIGN, THOMAS J.L. VAN ROMPAY April 2020 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Various researchers have started to study the effects of the emotion ‘awe’ on people over the last few years. The focus of the current study is on the effects awe-inspiring, natural landscapes on time perception. This research will show what kind of landscape would be most suitable for, for instance, a waiting room. On top of that, time of day is used as a moderating variable to see if this influences time perception as well. The concepts of connectedness, alertness, nervousness and stress are taken into account as extra test variables in this research to see if landscapes can improve an environment through those feelings as well. METHOD: Using VR (Virtual Reality), digital landscapes were created varying in ‘level of awe’ and ‘time of day’. This resulted in a 2 (high-awe versus low-awe) by 2 (daytime versus night-time) between subject design. Participants (n=127) were shown a 45-second-long VR animation of a natural landscape, after which they filled in a questionnaire with validated scales related to all the aforementioned variables. RESULTS: The analysis of the data shows that while night-time, low-awe landscapes made time go by faster, they also made participants feel more alert. Participants influenced by a daytime, high-awe environment, however, were more likely to spend more of their time on helping another person and felt significantly less nervous. -
Humiliation – Part II: Historicizing Humiliation
Chapter 5: Humiliation – Part II: Historicizing Humiliation Melantha: Truce with your doceur, good servant; you see I am addressing to the princess; pray do not embarrass me – Embarrass me! What a delicious French word you make me lose upon you too! - John Dryden, Marriage à la Mode PHILOLOGY AND HUMILIATION Our emotional vocabulary it would be greatly impoverished if we lacked the words embarrass and humiliate.1 Such words as awkward or uncomfortable could, I suppose, fill in partially for embarrass, and shame or mortify, though sounding a bit formal and old-fashioned could do service for humiliation. But we would feel we had lost two very useful words for getting at important features of our emotional life. It should then come as a surprise that both words were rather late additions to English in the sense indicating the uncomfortable emotions we are all very familiar with. According to the Oxford English Dictionary the earliest recorded use of to humiliate meaning to mortify or to lower or depress the dignity or self-respect of someone does not occur until 1757.2 Its usual sense prior to the mid-eighteenth century is more closely related to the physical act of bowing, of prostrating oneself as in “Such a religious man may not… humiliate himselfe to execute the right of homage” from 1602. The metaphoric underpinning of humiliate connected it more to humility and making humble then to what we now think of humiliation. The OED nowhere actually defines humiliation or related words as an emotion but brings it into the orbit of the emotions of self-attention by linking it to modification and the lowering of self-respect.3 Under humiliation the listed usages tend to be examples of displays of humility or of humble condition clustering around religious devotions. -
Social Work Practice with Individuals and Families Who Have Experienced Pregnancy Loss
Smith ScholarWorks Theses, Dissertations, and Projects 2014 Social work practice with individuals and families who have experienced pregnancy loss Sandra J. Stokes Smith College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.smith.edu/theses Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Stokes, Sandra J., "Social work practice with individuals and families who have experienced pregnancy loss" (2014). Masters Thesis, Smith College, Northampton, MA. https://scholarworks.smith.edu/theses/817 This Masters Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations, and Projects by an authorized administrator of Smith ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sandra Stokes Social Work Practice with Individuals and Families Who Have Experienced Pregnancy Loss ABSTRACT Approximately 10 to 15 percent of known pregnancies worldwide end in miscarriage and an additional one in 160 pregnancies end in stillbirth. Because of a lack of evidence-based research to support interventions in this work, social workers have come to rely on their own practical experience. This study investigated social workers' professional practice experience in order to outline the frequency and impact of pregnancy loss and to assess the formation and maintenance of current practices for effective and efficient treatment. This study utilized in- depth, qualitative interviews to further understand how clinicians in this field define and conceptualize their work. The major findings from this set of data were in the areas of: preparatory experience, fundamental approach to patients, and the ways in which clinicians continue to educate themselves on the topic of pregnancy loss. Two important themes emerged from clinicians’ experiences in perinatal social work; the first was the impact of clinicians' personal experiences with childbirth and child rearing and the second was the ways in which social workers understood their roles within interdisciplinary teams. -
Inspired to Create: Awe Enhances Openness to Learning and the Desire for Experiential Creation
Inspired to Create: Awe Enhances Openness to Learning and the Desire for Experiential Creation MELANIE RUDD CHRISTIAN HILDEBRAND KATHLEEN D. VOHS (Forthcoming at the Journal of Marketing Research) Melanie Rudd is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Marketing and Entrepreneurship at the University of Houston, C. T. Bauer College of Business, 334 Melcher Hall, Houston, TX 77204-6021 (email: [email protected]; phone: 713-743-5848). Christian Hildebrand is an Associate Professor of Marketing Analytics at the Institute of Management at the University of Geneva, 40 Bd du Pont d’Arve, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland (email: [email protected]; phone: +41 22 379-8589). Kathleen D. Vohs is a Distinguished McKnight University Professor and the Land O’ Lakes Chair in Marketing at the University of Minnesota, Carlson School of Management, 321 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455- 9940 (email: [email protected]; phone: 612-625-8331). Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Melanie Rudd. 1 Inspired to Create: Awe Enhances Openness to Learning and the Desire for Experiential Creation Abstract Automated fabrication, home services, and premade goods pervade the modern consumer landscape. Against this backdrop, this research explored how an emotion—awe—could motivate consumers to instead partake in experiential creation (i.e., activities wherein one actively produces an outcome) by enhancing their willingness to learn. Across eight experiments, experiencing awe (vs. happiness, excitement, pride, amusement, and/or neutrality) increased people’s likelihood of choosing an experiential creation gift (vs. one not involving experiential creation), willingness to pay for experiential creation products (vs. comparable ready-made products), likelihood of creating a bespoke snack (vs. -
Comparative Analysis of Joy and Awe in Four Cultures Daria B
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Dissertations The Graduate School Spring 2017 Being and beholding: Comparative analysis of joy and awe in four cultures Daria B. White James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/diss201019 Part of the Counselor Education Commons, and the Multicultural Psychology Commons Recommended Citation White, Daria B., "Being and beholding: Comparative analysis of joy and awe in four cultures" (2017). Dissertations. 150. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/diss201019/150 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the The Graduate School at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Being and Beholding: Comparative Analysis of Joy and Awe in Four Cultures Daria Borislavova White A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy Department of Graduate Psychology May 2017 FACULTY COMMITTEE: Committee Chair: Dr. Debbie Sturm Committee Members: Dr. Lennis Echterling Dr. Cara Meixner Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to all the wonderful people who shared the most precious “eternal moments” of their lives with me. To all of you, I offer my heartfelt gratitude. I have rejoiced in reading and rereading your stories, living with your memories, learning from you all how to be be-filled and beholding. I write in remembrance of two beloved people who died in 2008 – my brother Ivaylo, whose bear hugs, warmth and sharing nature were a shelter for me, and my friend Mirela, whose pure soul, tinkling laughter and sharp intelligence are irreplaceable. -
Welcome to Positive Psychology 1
01-Snyder-4997.qxd 6/13/2006 5:07 PM Page 3 Welcome to Positive Psychology 1 The gross national product does not allow for the health of our children,...their education, or the joy of their play. It does not include the beauty of our poetry or the strength of our marriages; the intelligence of our public debate or the integrity of our public officials. It measures neither wit nor courage; neither our wisdom nor our teaching; neither our compassion nor our devotion to our country; it measures everything, in short, except that which makes life worthwhile. —Robert F. Kennedy, 1968 he final lines in this 1968 address delivered by Robert F. Kennedy at T the University of Kansas point to the contents of this book: the things in life that make it worthwhile. In this regard, however, imagine that some- one offered to help you understand human beings but in doing so would teach you only about their weaknesses and pathologies. As far-fetched as this sounds, a similar “What is wrong with people?” question guided the thinking of most applied psychologists (clinical, counseling, school, etc.) during the 20th century. Given the many forms of human fallibility, this question produced an avalanche of insights into the human “dark side.” As the 21st century unfolds, however, we are beginning to ask another question: “What is right about people?” This question is at the heart of the burgeoning initiative in positive psychology, which is the scientific and applied approach to uncovering people’s strengths and promoting their positive functioning. (See the article “Building Human Strength,”in which positive psychology pioneer Martin Seligman gives his views about the need for this new field.) 3 01-Snyder-4997.qxd 6/13/2006 5:07 PM Page 4 4 LOOKING AT PSYCHOLOGY FROM A POSITIVE PERSPECTIVE Building Human Strength: Psychology’s Forgotten Mission MARTIN E. -
AWE and WAITING 1 Awe-Full Uncertainty: Easing
Running head: AWE AND WAITING 1 Awe-Full Uncertainty: Easing Discomfort During Waiting Periods Kyla Rankin1 Sara E. Andrews1 Kate Sweeny1 1University of California, Riverside In press at the Journal of Positive Psychology (2019) AWE AND WAITING 2 Abstract Waiting for uncertain news is a common and stressful experience. We examined whether experiencing awe can promote well-being during these uncomfortable periods of uncertainty. Across two studies (total N = 729), we examined the relationship between trait awe and well- being as participants awaited feedback on a novel intelligence test or ratings from peers following a group interaction. These studies further examined the effect of an awe induction, compared to positive and neutral control conditions, on well-being. We found partial support for a relationship between trait awe and well-being during waiting periods, particularly with positive emotion. We also found partial support for the benefits of an awe induction: People consistently experienced greater positive emotion and less anxiety in the awe condition compared to a neutral control condition, although these benefits did not always improve upon the positive control experience. Importantly, these benefits emerged regardless of one’s predisposition to experiencing awe. Keywords: awe, well-being, emotion, uncertainty Abstract word count: 149 AWE AND WAITING 3 Waiting for uncertain news is a common and stressful experience. People may feel uncertain as they wait to learn the outcome of a cancer screening, a job interview, a home purchase, or an academic exam. Although many examples of uncertain waiting periods come readily to mind, still relatively little is known about the best way to manage the thoughts and feelings that arise as people await the uncertain outcome.