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Practice Significance/Importance Contrasts Quotes Five Pillars of Sunni Islam They Support the Key Beliefs of Islam You Should Be Able to Contrast Them 1
Practice Significance/Importance Contrasts Quotes Five Pillars of Sunni Islam They support the key beliefs of Islam You should be able to contrast them 1. Shahadah: Declaration of Faith as pillars support a building. They with the Ten Obligatory Acts and “There is no god but Allah and are seen as the key to living a good also to explain the differences Muhammad is his messenger.” Muslim life, give Muslims a sense of between Sunni and Shi’a practices in 2. Salah: Prayer group identity as a community who relation to Salah, Zakah, Sawm and 3. Zakah: Charitable Giving share faith and actions. Enable Hajj. 4. Sawm: Fasting during Ramadan Muslims to show loyalty and 5. Hajj: Pilgrimage to Makkah obedience to Allah. Ten Obligatory Acts of Shi’a Islam Given to the Shi’a Muslims by the You should be able to contrast them Include numbers 2-5 of the Five Pillars Twelve Imams, who are seen as the with the Five Pillars and also to plus: leaders chosen by Allah to lead Islam explain the differences between Khums: 20% tax on profits after Muhammad’s death. Sunni and Shi’a practices in relation Jihad: The struggle to maintain faith and The acts help Muslims to know how to Salah, Zakah, Sawm and Hajj. to defend Islam to behave on a daily basis, enabling Amr-bil-Maruf: encouraging people to them to please Allah and to feel do what is good closer to him. Nahi Anil Mumkar: Discouraging people They give guidance to Shi’a Muslims from doing what is wrong about how to overcome challenges Tawallah: Being loving towards the in their lives. -
Proquest Dissertations
NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI* TEXTS OF TENSION, SPACES OF EMPOWERMENT: Migrant Muslims and the Limits of Shi'ite Legal Discourse Linda Darwish A Thesis in The Department of Religion Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada February 2009 © Linda Darwish, 2009 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington OttawaONK1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-63456-1 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-63456-1 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduce, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. -
What Native Christians in the Middle East Continue to Face: Why It Matters for Both the Caring and the Unconcerned
What Native Christians in the Middle East Continue to Face: Why it Matters for Both the Caring and the Unconcerned By Habib C. Malik [The annual Earl A. Pope Guest Lecture in World Christianity, delivered at Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, on Tuesday, April 12, 2016, at 7:00 pm.] There have been Christians and Christian communities living in the Middle East since the dawn of Christianity. After the better part of twenty centuries in and around the Land of the Lord’s Incarnation and Resurrection, however, the presence of these native Christians is threatened with nothing less than termination. What exists today of these communities are the few tenacious remnants scattered throughout the Levant, Iraq, and Egypt of the earlier far larger and more geographically prevalent ones that have steadily dwindled over time due to sustained stresses and pressures brought on historically for the most part from the encounter with Islam. Today, in the early 21st century, the rise of militant and violent Islamism combined with a pervading apathy in the wider world as to the plight of these beleaguered Christian communities threaten to hasten the final demise of Christianity in and around its original birthplace. The bleak future for Christians native to the Middle East, I submit to you tonight, relates organically to the state of Christians and Christianity in today’s largely post-Christian secular Europe, and in the West as a whole. Many will dismiss this alleged connection out of hand, but it continues to impose itself thunderously in the face of all such denial and disinterest. -
1 Islamic Cultures in the West Notes for Discussion Geoffrey W
1 Islamic Cultures in the West Notes for Discussion Geoffrey W. Sutton 7 October 2018 Sociological Data Muslim Population: World= 1.8 billion; USA= 3.45 million – about 1%; Europe about 10 Largest populations in countries (millions, rounded): Indonesia 170, Pakistan 136, Bangladesh 106, India 103 Note: Most Arabs are Muslims, most Muslims are not Arabs Those leaving Islam are about balanced by those converting to Islam Passages of Life Birth and Infancy Welcomed with Call to Prayer (adhaan) Sweet taste on baby’s lips On the seventh day Breastfeeding Genital cutting Circumcision as must for males Excision an honor for females Circumcision as purification (tahara)- usually on day 7; Childhood Parenting with prayers and the teaching of faith No contact rules affect children in non-Muslim schools Puberty and the age of transition from childhood to adulthood. Young Adulthood Clothing-women: hijab, niqab, burka, al-amira, Shayla, khimar, chador Clothing -men: thobe, ghutra and egal, bisht, serwal, shalwar and kameez, izar, turban Beards and mustaches “Halal dating” Celibacy Virginity Females, religious practices, menstruation No contact rules e.g., handshakes 2 No official same-sex relationships Weddings and Marriages Marriages as a social contract and an ideal Eligible Marriage partners Mahr (a man’s payment to women he intends to marry) Nikah (wedding)- a ceremony; A feast (walimah) Nikah mut’ah is a temporary marriage practiced by Shia Muslims but not Sunnis. Interfaith marriage prohibited traditionally but a common event Family Life Holy Days Eid al Adha (End of pilgrimage to Mecca) Eid al Fitr (End of Ramadan, ninth month of lunar calendar) Ashura: Sunni day remembering day Nuh (Noah) left the Ark and Musa (Moses) was saved from Egyptians Lailat al Qadr (27 Ramadan) First revelation to Prophet Muhammad. -
Hajj As a Case Study
Review of Modelling and Simulating Crowds at Mass Gathering Events: Hajj as a Case Study Almoaid Owaidah1, Doina Olaru2, Mohammed Bennamoun1, Fer- dous Sohel3,1, Nazim Khan4 1Department of Computer Science and Soware Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia 2Business School, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia 3College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150 Australia 4Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Craw- ley WA 6009, Australia Correspondence should be addressed to [email protected] Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 22(2) 9, 2019 Doi: 10.18564/jasss.3997 Url: http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/22/2/9.html Received: 30-06-2018 Accepted: 08-03-2019 Published: 31-03-2019 Abstract: The Hajj is an Islamic pilgrimage that involves four main holy sites in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. As the number of participants (pilgrims) attending these events has been increasing over the years, challenges have arisen: overcrowding at the sites resulting in congestion, pilgrims getting lost, stampedes, injuries and even deaths. Although Hajj management authorities have employed up-to-date facilities to manage the events (e.g., state-of-the-art infrastructure and communication technologies, CCTV monitoring, live crowd analysis, time scheduling, and large well-trained police forces and scouts), there is still overcrowding and “unexpected” prob- lems that can occur at the events. These problems can be studied and mitigated by prior simulation, which allows for preparation and deployment of the most appropriate plans for crowd management at Hajj events. -
ROUGH-GUIDE-2016-1.Pdf
Disclaimer All the information contained in this Rough Guide has been gathered by members of the New Muslim Project, and is either based on their own recommendations or word of mouth. Information about organizations has only been included if it was able to be confirmed and it is correct, as far as we know, at the time of going to press. No payment has been received from any organization included in this Guide. ROUGH GUIDE INDEX 1. Welcome 2. Who We Are & What We Do 3. Study Circles & Islamic Learning 4. Mosques in Sheffield 5. Islamic Bookshops 6. Halal Meat 7. Places to Socialise (alternatives to the pub) 8. Modest Clothing 9. Looking Good 10. Sports Facilities 11. Sheffield Islamic Organisations 12. Other Cool Stuff for New Muslims 13. New Muslim Experiences Shared Welcome All Praise is for the Almighty Creator and Sustainer of the Universe. Alhamdulillah (praise be to Allah), you have just picked up the Rough Guide for New Muslims in Sheffield or Muslims new to Sheffield. You may have come from far or been here for many years, your background may be diverse, but your journey to date will be unique. However, we are all linked in our quest to understand our life journey and to make it a path to success. We hope that this guide will make your time in Sheffield as a Muslim just that little bit easier. A new chapter awaits you and the pages are blank, waiting to be filled with words of wisdom, knowledge and inner peace. Friendships and kind words will provide companionship and encouragement along the way. -
Living the Muslim Life - Meditating and Retreating to the Mosque for the Last 10 Days of Ramadan Can Bring a Special Closeness to and Charitable Causes
The Ten Obligatory Acts Shahadah – 1st Pillar Salah – 2nd pillar Salah at home: Muslims are allowed to pray at home. They must perform wudu Sawm – 3rd pillar before prayer but they do not need a special room in their house to pray. Sunni Muslims refer to their faith as ‘the house of Islam’ ‘There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the History of Salah Muslims will use a prayer mat, which they position so it is facing Makkah, in the same way as it would in a mosque. Muslims women can often find it useful to Ramadan: Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim Year, but that does not mean that it happens in September. by which they mean their home. A house needs Prophet of Allah’ Salah is the five times a day ritual prayer of Islam. Salah as it pray at home, especially if they have children to look after. Muslims traditionally follow a lunar calendar which is slightly shorter than the solar year, it means that Ramadan will foundations and for Muslims, this is the Qur’an. The is known today began with Muhammad. According to the Muslim be slightly earlier (by about ten days) in the Western calendar every year. ‘House of Islam’ is supported by the 5 pillars. The Ten Shahadah means ‘to observe, witness, testify’, The biographies, Muhammad began a system of morning and evening Jummah prayer: The midday prayer every Friday is considered to be special, Obligatory Acts were developed by the Twelve Imams of first part shows the belief of Tawhid, that there is prayers. -
Power, Pain, Potential South Asian Americans at the Forefront of Growth and Hate in the 2016 Election Cycle Table of Contents
About South Asian Americans Leading Together (SAALT) South Asian Americans Leading Together (SAALT) is a national nonpartisan non-profit organization that fights for racial justice and advocates for the civil rights of all South Asians in the United States. Our ultimate vision is dignity and full inclusion for all. SAALT fulfills its mission through advocating for just and equitable public policies at the national and local level; strengthening grassroots South Asian organizations as catalysts for community change; and, informing and influencing the national dialogue on trends impacting our communities. SAALT is the coordinating entity for the National Coalition of South Asian Organizations (NCSO). Acknowledgements This report was written by Lakshmi Sridaran in consultation with Suman Raghunathan and Vivek Trivedi. Many thanks to Ami Gandhi and Swathi Shanmugasundaram for their research which serves as the basis for this report’s analysis. We would like to acknowledge the individuals, communities, and institutions that continue to fight each and every day to expose racism and protect our communities from hate violence. Thank you for your work to make our communities stronger and build our collective power. Finally, we would like to thank the Ford Foundation, Four Freedoms Fund, W.K. Kellogg Foundation, Open Society Foundations, and Proteus Fund for their generous support. Design by Design Action Collective Icons from The Noun Project POWER, PAIN, POTENTIAL South Asian Americans at the Forefront of Growth and Hate in the 2016 Election Cycle Table of Contents Executive Summary . 3. Definitions, Methodology, Limitations . 5 Demographic Context of South Asian American Growth Nationwide . 7 South Asian Americans in the South ...........................................................8 The Growth of the Undocumented South Asian American Population . -
University of Derby Muslim Women and the Hijab in Britain
Muslim women and the hijab in Britain: contexts and choices. Item Type Thesis or dissertation Authors Mackay, Kathryn Publisher University of Derby Download date 26/09/2021 18:47:39 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10545/306736 UNIVERSITY OF DERBY MUSLIM WOMEN AND THE HIJAB IN BRITAIN: CONTEXTS AND CHOICES. Kathryn Mary Mackay Doctor of Philosophy 2013 Contents 1 Glossary 5 Preface 7 Abstract 9 Acknowledgements 11 Chapter One: Religious and political context 13 1.1. Introduction 13 1.2. The Qur’anic basis of the hijab 15 1.3. The World Trade Centre attacks September 11th 2001 (9/11) 18 1.4. The War on Terror 20 1.5. The Iraq War 2003 20 1.6. The hijab in French state schools 22 1.7. The London Bombings 7th July 2005 (7/7) 26 1.8. The Jack Straw Controversy 27 1.9. Summary 31 Chapter Two: Literature review. 33 2.1. Introduction 33 2.2. Interpretation of Qur’anic instructions 34 2.3. Feminist arguments/interpretations against veiling 38 2.4. Restrictions on mixing with the opposite sex 44 2.5. Politics of the veil 46 2.6. Empirical research on the hijab in the West prior to 9/11 49 2.7. Impact of 9/11 54 2.8. Conversion 61 2.9. Dress and identity 62 2.10. Veiling as fashion 67 2.11. Summary 73 1 Chapter Three: Religion and Choice 75 3.1. Introduction 75 3.2. Rational Choice Theory 75 3.3. Rational Choice Theory and Religion 78 3.4. Rational Choice Theory and Social Constraints 82 3.5. -
THE EFFECT of RELIGIOUS DRESS on PERCEIVED ATTRACTIVENESS and TRUSTWORTHINESS by COURTNEY SWANK (Under the Direction of Michael Nielsen) ABSTRACT
Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of Fall 2018 The Effect of Religious Dress on erceivedP Attractiveness and Trustworthiness Courtney Swank Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd Part of the Cognition and Perception Commons, Experimental Analysis of Behavior Commons, Human Factors Psychology Commons, Islamic Studies Commons, Multicultural Psychology Commons, Other Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, Personality and Social Contexts Commons, Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, Social Psychology Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Swank, Courtney, "The Effect of Religious Dress on erceivedP Attractiveness and Trustworthiness" (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1856. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1856 This thesis (open access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EFFECT OF RELIGIOUS DRESS ON PERCEIVED ATTRACTIVENESS AND TRUSTWORTHINESS by COURTNEY SWANK (Under the Direction of Michael Nielsen) ABSTRACT The hijab, a symbol of modesty and privacy in the Islamic faith, negatively affects ratings of perceived attractiveness. Although postcolonial feminism strives to portray women as not one universal group, but as an incorporation of different races, ethnicities, social classes, and other cultures, the Western world may not be where it endeavors to be. In this study the impact of the hijab on people’s perceptions of attractiveness was examined. -
British Colonial Knowledge and the Hajj in the Age of Empire
chapter 3 British Colonial Knowledge and the Hajj in the Age of Empire John Slight Introduction Europeans produced and accumulated a vast body of information on the peo- ples, societies and polities they encountered, and, in many cases, came to rule over during the age of empire. This material was recorded in numerous formats, including maps, account-books, official reports, censuses, gazetteers, published books and pamphlets, and by a wide variety of authors, including consuls, colo- nial officials, travellers, doctors, and missionaries. Islam was an important sub- ject of enquiry for Europeans engaged in this information gathering.1 Given the size and number of Muslim polities, and the geographical spread and demo- graphic strength of Muslims from West Africa to Southeast Asia, this was unsur- prising.2 Many of Islam’s religious practices attracted European attention for a number of purposes—scholarly, ethnographic, economic—and often inter- sected with colonial administration, such as the municipal regulation of what were termed ‘Muslim festivals’, such as ʿĪd al-Fiṭr.3 But the scale and scope of the Hajj set it apart from Islam’s other religious practices as a subject and object of enquiry for Europeans. The Hajj is the largest annual gathering of people on the planet for a religious purpose. Every year during the imperial era, hundreds of thousands of men and women, many of whom were colonial subjects, made the momentous decision to leave their homes across Africa and Asia to set out on the often long journey to the Ḥijāz, and the Holy City of Mecca, to perform the Hajj, the fifth pillar of Islam. -
Download Hajj Guide
In the name of Allah the Beneficent and the Merciful Hajj Guide for Pilgrims With Islamic Rulings (Ahkaam) Philosophy & Supplications (Duaas) SABA Hajj Group Shia-Muslim Association of Bay Area San Jose, California, USA First Edition (Revision 1.1) December, 2003 Second Edition (Revision 2.1) October, 2005 Third Edition (Revision 2.0) December, 2006 Authors & Editors: Hojjatul Islam Dr. Nabi Raza Abidi, Resident Scholar of Shia-Muslim Association of Bay Area Hussnain Gardezi, Haider Ali, Urooj Kazmi, Akber Kazmi, Ali Hasan - Hajj-Guide Committee Reviewers: Hojjatul Islam Zaki Baqri, Hojjatul Islam Sayyed Mojtaba Beheshti, Batool Gardezi, Sayeed Himmati, Muzaffar Khan, and 2003 SABA Hajj Group Hajj Committee: Hojjatul Islam Dr. Nabi Raza Abidi, Syed Mohammad Hussain Muttaqi, Dr. Mohammad Rakhshandehroo, Muzaffar Khan, Haider Ali, Ali Hasan, Sayeed Himmati Copyright Free & Non-Profit Notice: The SABA Hajj Guide can be freely copied, duplicated, reproduced, quoted, distributed, printed, used in derivative works and saved on any media and platform for non-profit and educational purposes only. A fee no higher than the cost of copying may be charged for the material. Note from Hajj Committee: The Publishers and the Authors have made every effort to present the Quranic verses, prophetic and masomeen traditions, their explanations, Islamic rulings from Manasik of Hajj books and the material from the sources referenced in an accurate, complete and clear manner. We ask for forgiveness from Allah (SWT) and the readers if any mistakes have been overlooked during the review process. Contact Information: Any correspondence related to this publication and all notations of errors or omissions should be addressed to Hajj Committee, Shia-Muslim Association of Bay Area at [email protected].