Tasar VCA-West Bengal
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Tasar Value Chain Analysis West Bengal Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) Central Silk Board (CSB) & Professional Assistance for Developmen Action (PRADAN) Tasar Value Chain Analysis – West Bengal Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) 89 TASAR VALUE CHAIN STUDY WEST BENGAL MAHILA KISAN SASHAKTIKARAN PARIYOJANA – MKSP CENTRAL SILK BOARD – CSB & Professional Assistance for Development Action (PRADAN) 1 Tasar Value Chain Analysis – West Bengal Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) 2 Tasar Value Chain Analysis – West Bengal Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) Table of Contents Chapter Chapter title Page number number Foreword 5 Executive Summary 6 1 Introduction 10 2 Methodology 15 3 Cocoon Production 16 4 Yarn Conversion 55 5 Value Chain Analysis 95 6 Conclusion & Recommendations 110 References 112 Acknowledgements 113 List of Respondents 114 3 Tasar Value Chain Analysis – West Bengal Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) 4 Tasar Value Chain Analysis – West Bengal Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) Foreword It is heartening to note that tasar culture is drawing attention from various stakeholders in recent times, with its potential to achieve many of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) defined by the United Nations, leading to the creation of sustainable livelihood opportunities. One such major convergence initiative is a project under Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP)-NTFP for the ‘Promotion of Large Scale Tasar Sericulture-based Livelihoods in the state of West Bengal’ coordinated by the Central Silk Board (CSB), Ministry of Textiles, Government of India and co-funded by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, and implemented by the NGO, Professional Assistance for Development Action (PRADAN) since October 2013. The ‘Silk Value Chain’ concept considers the manner in which value is added along the chain, both to the product/service and the actors involved. From a sustainability perspective, ‘Silk Value Chain’ has more appeal, since it explicitly refers to internal and external stakeholders in the value-creation process viz., production, processing and marketing along with linkages amongst different nodes of the value chain. Further, developing a state-wise Value Chain Analysis (VCA) of the tasar sub- sector and devising an action plan for a suitable role of the intervening organisation across the major tasar states will help towards sustenance of the value chain players and activities. I am happy that the much awaited silk value chain analysis studies have been taken up under these projects, which will bring out constraints and opportunities faced by the various stakeholders placed at different location/nodes of the chain to review current policies, identify limitations and barriers with focus on subsidies and pricing and suggest possible areas of convergence and the need for advocacy to facilitate the tasar sub-sector. I appreciate the efforts of Dr. K. Sathyanarayana, Scientist-D & Project Coordinator, CSB, and Mr. Mohd. Shamshad Alam, Integrator-Tasar, PRADAN, in coordinating the study and bringing out this publication, ‘Tasar Value Chain Analysis: West Bengal’. I also thank Mr. Soumik Banerjee who carried out the study and all the partners for their cooperation during the study. I strongly hope that this document will help the state government to review current policies and strengthen the areas of convergence towards the socio-economic upliftment of the participating families in the tasar sector. I extend my best wishes for the successful implementation of the tasar projects for the benefit of the tribal communities of India. Dr. H. Nagesh Prabhu, I.F.S Member Secretary Central Silk Board Place: Bangalore Date: 01.05.2017 5 Tasar Value Chain Analysis – West Bengal Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) Executive summary The present study, a Value Chain Analysis (VCA) of the tasar sub-sector for the state of West Bengal, aims to illustrate the current state of cocoon and yarn production systems and the state of the value chain in principle clusters. It also aims to understand the scope and limitations towards developing a robust action plan for the ongoing project, Promotion of Large- Scale Tasar Sericulture-based Livelihoods in West Bengal under the Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP), a subcomponent of the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM), The Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. The study was conducted in the principal tasar clusters of Bankura, Paschim Medinipur and Birbhum districts with a focus on Bankura district, along with the adjoining weaving clusters. The study combined field surveys to gather primary data for analysis and a review of secondary literature to gain an understanding of the sub-sector. The surveys took the form of discussions and interviews with key informants and resource persons, visits to villages, rearing plots, grainages, cooperative societies, village markets, weaver clusters, outlets, export houses, resource institutions, experts, practitioners and processing units. Based on the data, a Value Chain Analysis, including mapping of the tasar sub-sector and the activities of various actors, was carried out to determine the value that was added at different levels of the tasar sericulture process, and the margins that accrued to different actors. A Price Spread Analysis was conducted, starting from the rearer of basic DFLs (disease-free layings) to the production of reeled yarn. Constraint and SWOT analyses of the tasar sub-sector were conducted. At the end, based on the analysis and assessments, certain broad interventions have been suggested for the implementing organisation. The study was commissioned by Central Silk Board (CSB), Ministry of Textiles, Government of India, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, and the MKSP Project Field Implementing Agency, Professional Assistance for Development Action (PRADAN). 6 Tasar Value Chain Analysis – West Bengal Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) Key findings The key findings of the Value Chain Analysis are shown in Table E1 below. Families engaged in tasar livelihoods 21,145 (2015-16) Average production of tasar raw silk 34 MT (2015-16) Principal production clusters Bankura, Purulia, Paschim Medinipur Eco-races Daba (Trivoltine and bivoltine) Plantations Bankura 6,715 ac; Purulia 5,672 ac, Paschim Medinipur 2,261 ac, PRADAN 34 ha Basic DFLs CWDS 11,300; KVIC-Jhargram 3, 950; PRADAN 23,752 Seed rearers Bankura 1,566; Paschim Medinipur 50 PRADAN 186 ; CWDS 11 groups; KVIC Jhargram 25 groups Seed cocoon production CWDS 3,95,616; KVIC-Jhargram 1,03,460; PRADAN 6,61,374 Basic DFL: Seed cocoon 1:19, 1:34 (TV 1 and 2), PRADAN 1:28 Commercial private grainage Bankura 31; Paschim Medinipur 8 CWDS 7; PRADAN 39; KVIC 1 Commercial DFLs Bankura 4,17,000; Paschim Medinipur 93,000 CWDS23,330; PRADAN 1,03,529 ; KVIC 18,700 Commercial rearers Bankura 5 220; Paschim Medinipur 500 CWDS 12 groups; PRADAN 1,173 ; KVIC 197 Commercial cocoons Bankura 2.45 crore; Paschim Medinipur 0.54 crore CWDS 6.07 lakh; PRADAN 66.08 lakh; KVIC 7.71 lakh Commercial DFL: Cocoon ratio 1:45 (TV 3), PRADAN 1:40 Mean lifting price BV cocoons Rs 2.43 to Rs 3.10 per piece; TV cocoons Rs 2.10 to Rs 2 per piece Cocoon to yarn conversion 1,588 cocoons produce 1 kg of reeled yarn and 485 gm of Latha No. 2 550 unreelable cocoons produce 386 gm of Latha No. 1 with 262 gm converted into 210 gm of Kete Suta-1 The process generates 48 gm of silk waste and 501 gm of peduncle Families engaged in post-cocoon activities 3,830 Reelers and spinners in principal weaving clusters Bishnupur 800 to 1,000; Gopiballabpur 300; Tantipara 500 to 600 Yarn produced in principal weaving clusters Reeled yarn: Bishnupur 30 MT; Gopiballabpur 9 MT; Tantipara 12 MT Spun yarn: Bishnupur 15 MT; Gopiballabpur 3.6 MT; Tantipara 7.2 MT Yardage in principal weaving clusters Bishnupur 6,750 m; Sonamukhi 180,000 m; Gopiballabpur 8,100 m and Tantipara 400,000 m Price of yarn Reeled Rs 4,000/ kg; Kete Suta 1 Rs 2,800/kg; Kete Suta 2 Rs 2,500/kg; Katia Rs 1,400 to Rs 2,200/kg; Ghicha and peduncle Rs 900/kg Wage rate of reelers, etc. Reelers Rs 82; Latha spinners Rs 100; Katia spinners Rs 63; Takli spinners Rs 17; Latha-Katia spinners Rs 37; Ghicha and waste spinners Rs 11 Major markets Mostly converted to fabrics. Local and Kolkata Value chain: Pre-cocoon Rearing absorbs 78% of the value produced by pre-cocoon activities; inputs 11% and assembling and marketing 11% Net margin: Pre-cocoon 92% of the net margin at this stage accrues to commercial rearers, 7% to seed rearers and less than 1 per cent to graineurs Value added: Pre-cocoon 1 (2 gm) Basic DFL when reared yields 18 TV-1 seed cocoons at 85% hatching. This, when processed at the grainage, yields 4.5 (9 gm) TV-2 DFLs. Upon further rearing, this yields 133 TV-2 seed cocoons at 80% hatching. On further processing at the grainage, this yields 44 Commercial DFLs out of which 1,588 (80%) reelable cocoons are produced at 80% hatching. The process also yields 417 unreelable cocoons, 133 pierced cocoons and 501 gm of peduncle, all of which is processed into spun yarn as by- products. 7 Tasar Value Chain Analysis – West Bengal Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) Value chain: Post-cocoon 78% of the value produced by post-cocoon activities is absorbed by input-related activities; processing takes up 18% and assembling and marketing take up 4% Net margin: Post-cocoon 81% of the net margin goes to reelers, 6% to spinners and 13% to Takli spinners Value added: Post-cocoon The 1,588 cocoons obtained are reeled into 1 kg yarn, generating 485 gm of Latha-2. The 550 unreelable cocoons are spun into 386 gm of Latha-1 out of which 262 gm is further spun into 210 gm of Kete Suta -1.