Wipro Business Travel Study
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Wipro: Business Travel Carbon Footprint Study Air Travel, FY 14-15 and FY 15-16 Project Methodology 1. Business Goal 2. Organizational 3. Operational 4. Data Collection Definition* Boundary Setting* Boundary Setting* 7. GHG 6. Emission Factor 8. Interpretation Inventorying Selection/ 5. Data Analysis (Baseline) Development 11. GHG 9. Mitigation 10. Estimating Mitigation Scenario GHG Mitigation 12. Reporting Recommendation Modelling Potential s * defined by ‘The Greenhouse Gas Protocol’: Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard, World Resources Institute (WRI) World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) 1. Business Goal Definition Estimate GHG emissions from Wipro’s Air Travel activities and evaluate mitigation alternatives as decision support for development of its Corporate GHG Mitigation Roadmap 2. Organizational Boundary Definition Wipro Wipro Business Wipro Eco Wipro Infotech Technologies Process Services Energy Services (outside Wipro Ltd. (within (outside (outside boundary) boundary) boundary) boundary) * based on 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol. 2 - Energy, Chapter 3: Mobile Combustion 3. Operational Boundary Definition Corporate Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3 Business Air Emissions Emissions Emissions Travel Emissions • Owned Vehicle • Electricity •Electricity AT&C Emissions •Aircraft Fuel Combustion Emissions Generation Emissions (Office Electricity) •Capital Goods Emissions Manufacturing Emissions •Fuel Production (Supply- Chain) Emissions * based on 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol. 2 - Energy, Chapter 3: Mobile Combustion 4. Data Collection & 5. Data Analysis Flight Distance Flight Distance Calculation (~ Categorization: Short-Long Activity Data Questionnaire Activity Data Quality 11,000 pairs, ~ 4,000 newly Haul for Domestic, Short- Design and Collection Assessment and Verification researched) Medium-Long for International Passenger-km totalization by Passenger-km totalization by Flight Distance Category Passenger-km totalization by Sectors (International, within Sectors (International Determining list of Airlines Airline Domestic-India, Domestic- – Short, Medium, Long, USA, Others) Domestic - Short, Long) 6. Emission Factor Development Convert to best-case per-passenger emission factors for finite distances for Repeat for additional finite distances per LTO and Cruise Mode Emissions (Total) every aircraft model model, and replicate for each aircraft for all aircraft models (using max PAX Capacity and Load- model Factor of 1) Calculate per-passenger emissions for finite distance for each airline as sum of weighted LTO & Cruise-mode emissions Calculate weighting factor based on % of Repeat for adiditonal finited distances aircraft model count vs. total fleet count for each domestic airline (account for weighted-avg. airline passenger capacity, airline-wide of airline passenger load factor, and PAX to Freight Ratio) * based on 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol. 2 - Energy, Chapter 3: Mobile Combustion Assumptions • One passenger per booking entry • Same airline for all legs of multi-stop flights • GHG mitigation through substitution of Multi-Leg Roundtrip-Flights with Non-Stop Roundtrip-Flights was simple for a roundtrip flight with even-number of legs (eg. 4-leg flight: Mumbai-Dubal-London- Dubai-London) wherein the ‘destination’ was the middle city (i.e. London). The process of determining the ‘destination’ for a roundtrip-flight with odd-number of legs (eg. 3-leg flight: Mumbai-Dubai- Geneva-Mumbai) was: identify the city following the ‘mid-point’ in the even-number sequence (eg. mid-point of 4 city trip would be 2nd-city, the subsequent city would be the 3rd-city in the sequence – i.e. Geneva. • 100% economy class seats • Employee Count: 1,20,000 • Additional Employee Time per Flight Leg (Pre-Departure, Transit, Post-Arrival Time) : 3 hours/flight • For Airlines wherein fleet composition and operation data were not available, the corresponding ‘average’ emission factor for the Sector was applied (eg. use of Avg. International Short Haul Emission Factor (kg CO2e/pass-km) for Ravn Alaska Airline’s International Short Haul Flights) Materiality and Exclusions • Scope 1 Emissions from Owned Vehicle use to support Air Travel activities not considered material to footprint and hence excluded • Scope 2 Emissions attributable to Office Electricity Use (for Air Travel Management Operations) not considered material to footprint and hence excluded • Scope 3 Emissions attributable to AT&C Losses resulting from Office Electricity Use (for Air Travel Management Operations) not considered material to footprint and hence excluded • Scope 3 Emissions from Train Travel in the USA excluded • Flights shorter than 100 kms excluded (considered to be data error) • Flights costing less than INR 200 excluded (considered to be data error) Definitions Flight Distance Category Distance Range (km) International – Short Haul < 2,000 International – Medium Haul > 2,000 to < 5,000 International – Long Haul > 5,000 Domestic – Short Haul < 500 Domestic – Long Haul > 500 Data Analysis: Know your Air Travel Metrics Distance Metrics (Million Passenger-kms) FY 14-15 FY 15-16 1,269.8 Total Distance 1,134.4 932.9 International 809.9 336.9 Domestic 324.4 161.4 Domestic - India 174.3 160.3 Domestic - USA 136.4 15.2 Domestic - Others 13.7 Flight Metrics (Nos. of Flights) FY 14-15 FY 15-16 4,98,32 Total Flights 4,68,67 7 5 2,02,122 International 1,79,201 2,96,205 Domestic 2,89,474 1,59,166 Domestic - India 1,73,147 1,13,763 Domestic - USA 96,636 23,276 Domestic - Others 19,691 5 Longest 5 Shortest International Flights International Flights km km Auckland, New Heathrow, Tallinn, USSR Zealand 18,364.2 United Kingdom 101.4 Helsinki, Finland Auckland, New London, United Geneva, 18,336.8 106.6 Lyon, France Zealand Kingdom Switzerland Bonaire, Singapore, Netherlands Cotonou, Benin Lagos, Nigeria 18,287.5 Singapore 107.2 Antilles Lisbon, Portugal 18177.93 Sydney, Australia Porto, Portugal 109.9 Vego, Spain Guangzhou, Perth, Australia Hongkong 18138.05 Toronto, Canada China 128.5 5 Longest Domestic- 5 Shortest Domestic- India Flights India Flights km km Delhi, India Port Blair, India Baroda, India 102.3 Ahmedabad, 2,483.5 India Bangalore, Dibrugarh, Bombay, India India 2,418.7 India 124.1 Pune, India Amritsar, India Kochi, India Calicut, India Coimbatore, 2,408.6 131.7 India Guwahati, Kochi, India Jammu, India 142.6 Srinagar, India 2,385.4 India Dibrugarh, Dehradun, Chandigarh, 2,368.7 Pune, India India Uttarakhand 143.2 India FY 14-15 FY 15-16 ~4 Flights Flights Per Employee ~4 Flights 10.6 9.45 Thousand Pax - km Distance Per Employee Thousand Pax - km 1.51 1.35 Million Hours Time Spent in Air Million Hours 3.01 Total Travel Time* 2.76 Million Hours Million Hours 12.6 Air time Per Employee 11.3 Hours Hours Total Travel Time Per 25.1 23.0 Hours Employee Hours *including pre-flight, post-flight, and transit time Most Favoured International Airlines (flight count-based) Most Favoured International Airlines Most Favoured International Airlines FY 2014-2015 FY 2015-2016 Emirates Emirates British Airways 14% Etihad Airways 19% 26% Lufthansa 24% Lufthansa 11% Singapore Airlines British Airways Etihad Airways 2% 11% Singapore Airlines 3% 3% 3% 10% Jet Airways 3% Qatar Airways 5% 5% 9% Qatar Airways 6% 8% 7% Jet Airways 6% 8% 9% 8% Air India Air India United Airlines United Airlines Cathay Pacific Airways KLM Royal Dutch Airlines Others Others Most Favoured Domestic Airlines (flight count-based) Most Favoured Domestic Airlines Most Favoured Domestic Airlines FY 2014-2015 FY 2015-2016 Jet Airways Indigo Airlines Indigo Airlines Jet Airways 14% 18% United Airlines 11% United Airlines 2%2% 25% 2% 3% 4% Air India 3% American Airlines 5% 7% 18% Delta Airlines Delta Airlines 5% American Airlines 8% Air India 6% 22% 8% 9% 10% Spice Jet Southwest Airlines 9% 9% US Airways Spice Jet Southwest Airlines US Airways Go Air Go Air Others Others Data Analysis: Know your Baseline GHG Emissions Corporate Business Travel (Air Travel) Emissions (‘000 Tonnes CO2e) FY 14-15 Scope 3 – Aircraft Scope 3 – Fuel Scope 3 – Aircraft Category Total Fuel Combustion Supply Chain Manufacturing International Air 100.7 15.0 7.38 123.2 Travel Domestic Air Travel 38.9 5.95 2.12 46.9 Total 139.6 21.0 9.51 170.1 Corporate Business Travel (Air Travel) Emissions (‘000 Tonnes CO2e) FY 15-16 Scope 3 – Aircraft Scope 3 – Fuel Scope 3 – Aircraft Category Total Fuel Combustion Supply Chain Manufacturing International Air 88.6 13.1 6.4 108.2 Travel Domestic Air Travel 37.0 5.7 2.0 44.7 Total 125.6 18.8 8.4 152.9 Air Travel Emission Trend – FY 14-15 vs. FY 15-16 Air Travel GHG Emissions: FY 14-15 and FY 15-16 180,000 160,000 140,000 Air Travel Emission Trend 120,000 GHG Emissions FY 2014 - 2015 - 100,000 170.1 Thousand tonne CO2e 80,000 60,000 GHG Emissions FY 2015-2016 - 152.9 Thousand tonne CO2e 40,000 20,000 0 FY 2014-2015 FY 2015-2016 Activity-Wise Air Travel Emission Distribution 100% 5.6% 5.5% 90% 12.3% 12.3% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 82.1% 82.1% 30% 20% 10% 0% 14-15 15-16 Scope 3 – Aircraft Fuel Combustion Scope 3 – Fuel Supply Chain Scope 3 – Aircraft Manufacturing International vs. Domestic Air Travel Emission Distribution FY 2014-2015 FY 2015-2016 Domestic Domestic 29% 28% GHG Emission Distribution GHG Emission Distribution Total GHG Emissions- Total GHG Emissions- 170.1 ‘000 Tonnes CO2e 152.9 ‘000 Tonnes CO2e International - International 123.2 ‘000 Tonnes CO2 108.2 ‘000 Tonnes CO2e Domestic - International