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Of in Partial Fulfillment of the Of CHEMICAL SEEDBED PREPARATION FOR ZERO-TILLAGE CROP PRODUCTION A Thesi s Submitted to the Facu ltY of Graduate Studi es The Uni versi tY of Manitoba by Larry hliI Iiam TaYlor In Partial Fulfillment of the Requi rements for the Degree of I4aster of Sc i ence Department of Pl ant Science t4ay L977 ''CHEMICAL SEEDBED PREPARATION FOR ZERO-TILLAGE CROP PRODUCTION'' by LARRY IdILLIAI4 TAYLOR A rlissertation submitted to the Facutty of Craduate Studics <¡f the University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the roquirements of tht' degree of MASTTR OF SCIENCE @ 1977 Pernlission hus becn gr:rntcrl to th'j LIB¡ìARY OF '¡'llU l''NlvUlì- slTY oF MANtTollr\ to lctr<l or selt copics <¡f this tlissertr¡liot¡' t() thc NATIONAL LIBR^RY OF (:ANAI)A to rtlicrofilm this dissertatir.¡n and to lend or soll copics of the l'ilnl, ¿¡nd UNtvtiRSlTY MICROFILMS to publish ru übstruct of this dissertation' The ¡utl¡or reserves other ¡rublicittion rights' and neithcr the dissertttion ttor extcnsive extr cts liom it rrlay be printcd or other- wise reproduccd without thc author's wt ittctl ¡rertttissiotl' 'll ABSTRACT Taylor, Larry hli1ìiam. M'Sc., The University of Manitoba' flay , 1977 . Chemi cal Seedbed Preparati on for Zero-ti I I age Crop Productìon. Major Professor; Elmer H. Stobbe' Field trials were conducted under zero-tillage conditions to study broadspectrum annual weed control with applications of paraquat and glyphosate. Broadleaf herbicides were mixed wìth the paraquat and glyohosate treatments to find their.impact on the effectiveness and cost for chemical seedbed preparation. Excellent broadleaf annual weed control resuited when 0'28 kglha of bromoxyni 1 was added to 0'42 kg/ha of paraquat. Excellent resuits were also obtained with 0.035 kg/ha of picloram' 0'14 kg/ha of dicamba or 0.28 kg/ha of bromoxyniì in combination vlith 0.28 kg/ha of glypho- sate. when broadleaf herbicides were not added,. excellent broadspec- trum annual weed control required 0.56 kg/ha of paraquat or 0'42 kg/ha of glyphosate. The addjtion of broadleaf herbicides to 0.28 kg/ha of glyphosate 'lamb's was not necessary when wild oats or quarters were the only weed problem at seeding time. However, good control of wild mustard or wild buckwheat required the addition of 0.14 kg/ha of dicamba to 0.28 kg/ha of glyphosate' Paraquat at 0'28 kglha also gave very good control of wild mustard. ttI The addition of surfactant (0.5 per cent of spray solution) was found to increase the phytotoxicìty of glyphosate mixtures to wild oats. Experiments investigating the date of seeding under zero-tillage crop production showed that in general the yield of spring wheat (cv. Napayo) decreased as seeding date was deiayed from May 3. However, yieìds obtained on the third seeding date (May 17) were greater than prior and subsequent seeding dates. These higher yields were attributed to improved moisture conditions at this seeding date. iV ACKNOl¡lL EDG14ENTS The author wishes to express his sincere apprecìation to the following persons and organizations for assistance in making this study possi ble. My advisor, Dr. E, H. Stobbe for the counceilìng and materials necessary for this proi ect, Dr. G. M. Young and Dr. J. S. Townsend for reading and helpful suggestions in the manuscri Pt. l1y parents for supporting me ìn this field of endeaver. l'lonsanto Chemica] Company for information and materials required for the study. Agriculture Canada for financial assistance throughout this project. To the l,leeds Crew: Val , George, Fran, Kathy, Denise' Karl , Gary, Mary Jane, Peteo Brian, Bernie, Martin, Barry, Poss' Al' Eiaine, Dave, Mike, Barrie and Carole for technical assistance throughout this s tudy. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IV INTRODUCT ION. 1 LiTERATURE REViEI¿l . .> Seedi ng date 4 Paraq uat 6 Glyphosate 9 MATERIALS AND METHODS Fiel d Experi ments Oak Bluff, 1975 . 13 Experiment 1. Broadspectrum weed control in zero-ti l lage using velpar, S15544 and di noseb 14 Experiment 2. Broadspectrum weed control in zero-ti I Iage using paraquat in combination with bromoxyni I , dicamba and Dowco 290 . T4 Experiment 3. Broadspectrum weed control in zero-ti ì l age using glyphosate in combination with Dowco 290, dicamba and pi cl oram 14 Experiment 4. Broadspectrum weed control in zero-ti1Iage usi ng glyphosate in combi nati on with bromoxyni 1 + MCPA, and o¡yfl uorfen 16 Experiment 5. Quack grass control in zero-ti llage using paraquat, and glyphosate alone and in combination l'tith dicamba 16 vi Page Field Experì ments Graysvi lle, L975. 16 txperiment 6. Broadspectrun weed control in zero-ti"l lage using glyphosate in combination with bromoxyn i I , nitrofen and oxyfluorfen . L7 Experiment 7. Quack grass control in zero-tillage using paraquat and glyphosate alone and in combination with dicamba 77 Field Experi ments Carman Research Site, 1975 18 Experiment B. Broadspectrum weed control in zero-ti i I age with Velpar,.Si5544 and dinoseb 1B Experi.ment 9. Broadspectrum weed control in zero-ti llage with paraquat in combination with bromoxyni I , dicamba and Dowco 290 18 Experiment 10. Broadspectrum weed control in zero-til lage with glyphosate in combination with Dowco 290, dicamba and pi cl oram 19 Experiment 11. Broadspectrum weed control in zero-ti 1l age with glyphosate in combination with bromoxyni I , nitrofen and oxyfl uorfen . 19 Field Experi ments Carman Research Si te, 1976 19 Experiment 12. Broadspectrum weed control in zero-ti I I age using paraquat in combination with bromoxyni I , dicamba and oxyfl uorfen 19 Experiment 13. Broadspectrum weed control in zero- tìllage using glyphosate in combination with bromoxynil, nitrogen, d i camba and pi cl oram 20 Experiment 14. Broadspectrum weed control in zero- tillage using glyphosate with additional surfactant in combination with bromoxynil, dicamba and pi cl oram 20 vi i page Experiment 15. Broadspectrum weed control in zero-ti i l age usìng paraquat and glyphosate . 27 Experiment 16. Broadspectrum weed control in zero-ti ì l age using paraquat and glyphosate with additional surfactant . 2I Experiment 17. The effect of the date of seeding and treatments of paraquat and glyphosate on weed populations in zero-tillage, a) no post-emergen l treatments b) with post-emergûnt appl icatìons of dichlofop methyl and MCPA ' . 2I Experiment 18. The effect of the hardness or water on the efficacy of glyphosate, a) with additional surfactant added to glyphosate ') :ll?t?;l:iillî.:!:^i":o."... .23 Analysis of Variance . 24 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 26 Experiment 1.. .26 Experiment 2.. .28 Experiment 3.. .28 Experiment 4. 31 Experiment 5. 33 Experiment 6.. .33 Experiment 7.. 36 Experiment 8. 38 Experiment 9.. 3B Experiment 10. .41 Experiment 11. .43 Experiment L2, . .43 vlll Page Experiment 13. 46 Experiment L4. 48 Experiment 15. 50 Expeniment 16. 52 Experiment 17. 54 Experiment 18. 68 GENERAL DISCUSSI0N AND CONCLUSIONS . 72 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY. 7B BIBLIOGRAPHY 79 APPENDIX 85 1X LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Visual rating scale 15 2. Assessment of weed control using velpar, 515544 and dinoseb . 27 3. Assessments of crop stand and weed control using gtyphosate in combination with bromoxynil and þiCPA, dicamba, oxyfluorfen and Dowco 290 . 29 4. Assessnents of crop stand and weed control using glyphosate in combination with Dowco 290, dicamba and picìoram 30 5. Assessments of crop stand and weed control using glyphosate in combination with bromoxyni l and MCPA, nitrofen and oxyfl uorfen . 32 6. Visual assessments of quack grass control using glyphosate, glyphosate plus dicamba, and paraquat 34 7. Assessments of crop yieìd and weed control using glyphosate jn combination with bromoxynil, nitrofen and oxyfl uorfen . 35 8. Assessment of crop stand and quack grass control using glyphosate, glyphosate plus dicamba, and paraquat . 37 9. Visual ratings of weed control using velpar, 515544, and dinoseb 39 10. Visual ratings of weed control using paraquat in combination with bromoxynil, dicamba and Dowco 290 . 40 11. Visual ratings of weed control using glyphosate in combination with Dowco 290, dicamba and pìcloram . 42 L2. Visual ratings of weed control using glyphosate in combination with bromoxynil, nitrofen and oxyfluorfen . 44 X Table Page 13. Bulk density assessments of weed control usìng paraquat in combination with bromoxyni 1 dicamba and oxyfluorfen . 45 14. Crop yield and weed control assessments using gìyphosate in combination with bromoxynil o óxyfluorfen, dicamba and picloram . 47 15. Bu1 k density assessments of weed control using glyphosate irith aclditìonal surfactant in combination wilh bromoxyniI, dicamba and picloram . 49 16. Crop yield and weed controi using paraquat and glyphòsate 51 L7. l^leed control using treatnents of paraquat' and glyphosate with additional surfactant 53 18. Bulk density assessment of wild oat control as influenced by date of seeding and treatments of paraquat and glyPhosate . 55 19. Bulk density assessment of wild mustard control as influenced by date of seeding and treatments of paraquat and glYPhosate . 57 20. Visual ratings of lamb's quarters controì as influenced by date of seeding and treatments of paraquat and gl yphosate 58 21,. Bul k density assessment of wild buckwheat control as influenced by date of seeding and treatments of paraquat and g lyphosate 59 2?. Wheat yield as influenced by date of seeding and treatments of paraquat and glyphosate 61 23. Visuaì ratings of wild oat control as influenced by date of seeding and treatments of paraquat and glyphosate . 63 24. Visual ratings of t'',ild mustard control as influenced by date of sèeding and treatments of paraquat and gl yphosate 64 25. Visual ratings of larnb's quarters control as influenced by date of seedìng and treatrnents of paraquat and gìyphosate .
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