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Catalysation De La Gestion Durable Des Forêts Sur Le Site Des Zones Humides Transfrontalieres Des Lacs Tele-Tumba (Ltlt)

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Catalysation De La Gestion Durable Des Forêts Sur Le Site Des Zones Humides Transfrontalieres Des Lacs Tele-Tumba (Ltlt) PROJET : CATALYSATION DE LA GESTION DURABLE DES FORÊTS SUR LE SITE DES ZONES HUMIDES TRANSFRONTALIERES DES LACS TELE-TUMBA (LTLT) Rapport de consultance Enquêtes biologiques effectuées sur le paysage Lac Télé-Lac Tumba en République du Congo et en République Démocratique du Congo Par Gilbert MADOUKA et Ir. Bernard IKATI 2016 Paysage Lac Télé-Lac Tumba TABLE DES MATIERES TABLE DES MATIERES .......................................................................................................... i SIGLES ET ABREVIATIONS ................................................................................................. iii LISTES DES FIGURES, TABLEAUX ET PHOTOS .............................................................. iv REMERCIEMENTS ................................................................................................................. vi RESUME .................................................................................................................................. vii INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 I. METHODOLOGIE ................................................................................................................. 2 II. PRESENTATION DU SITE ................................................................................................. 3 2.1 Localisation et description du paysage .......................................................................... 3 2.2 Caractéristiques physiques du site ................................................................................. 5 2.2.1 Géologie et géomorphologie ................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 Sols .......................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.3 Climat ...................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Caractéristiques du milieu humain ................................................................................ 7 III. REGION BIOGEOGRAPHIQUE ET SYSTEME DE REGIONALISATION ................... 8 IV. ECOSYSTEMES ................................................................................................................. 9 4.1 Ecosystèmes forestiers .................................................................................................... 9 4.2 Ecosystèmes savanicoles .............................................................................................. 11 4.3 Ecosystèmes aquatiques ............................................................................................... 12 4.3.1 Description du réseau hydrographique .................................................................. 12 4.3.2 Paramètres physico-chimiques des eaux ............................................................... 13 4.3.3 Groupements des biotopes aquatiques et semi-aquatiques .................................... 14 4.4 Ecosystèmes urbains ..................................................................................................... 15 4.5 Zones humides .............................................................................................................. 17 V. COMPOSITION FLORISTIQUE ....................................................................................... 20 5.1 Caractérisation de la flore ........................................................................................... 20 5.2 Espèces endémiques et exotiques ................................................................................. 21 VI. COMPOSITION FAUNIQUE ........................................................................................... 21 6.1 Mammifères .................................................................................................................. 22 6.2 Oiseaux ......................................................................................................................... 23 Madouka, G & B, Ikati. (2016). Rapport des enquêtes biologiques_Lac Télé –Lac Tumba i Paysage Lac Télé-Lac Tumba 6.3 Amphibiens et reptiles .................................................................................................. 25 6.4 Ichtyofaune ................................................................................................................... 26 6.5 Macro-invertébrés ........................................................................................................ 28 VII. BIODIVERSITE AGRICOLE .......................................................................................... 28 7.1 Ressources végétales .................................................................................................... 28 7.2 Ressources animales ..................................................................................................... 31 VIII. ESPECES PROTEGEES DU PAYSAGE PAR LA LOI NATIONALE ........................ 33 IX. ESPECES DU PAYSAGE D’IMPORTANCE INTERNATIONALE .............................. 36 X. SERVICES ECOSYSTEMIQUES ...................................................................................... 40 XI. MENACES ......................................................................................................................... 44 11.1 Menaces dues à l’exploitation de la faune sauvage ..................................................... 44 11.2 Menaces dues à l’exploitation des ressources agricoles .............................................. 45 11.3 Menaces dues à l’exploitation des ressources halieutiques ......................................... 45 11.4 Menaces dues au comportement alimentaire et culturel .............................................. 47 11.5 Menaces dues à l’exploitation forestière ...................................................................... 47 11.6 Menaces dues à la pratique des feux de brousse .......................................................... 48 11.7 Menaces dues à l’introduction des plantes envahissantes exotiques ........................... 48 11.8 Menaces dues à l’ensablement des cours d’eau ........................................................... 48 11.9 Menaces dues à l’exploitation potentielle du pétrole ................................................... 49 CONCLUSION ET RECOMMANDATIONS ........................................................................ 50 REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES ................................................................................. 54 LISTE DES ANNEXES .............................................................................................................. I ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................. II Madouka, G & B, Ikati. (2016). Rapport des enquêtes biologiques_Lac Télé –Lac Tumba ii Paysage Lac Télé-Lac Tumba SIGLES ET ABREVIATIONS CLD : Comité Local de Développement CMS : Convention sur la Migration des espèces Sauvages CITES : Convention sur le Commerce International des Espèces de Faune et de Flore Sauvages Menacées d'Extinction (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild fauna and flora ) CR : En danger critique d’extinction CREF : Centre de recherche en Ecologie et Foresterie EIP : Espèce intégralement protégée EPP : Espèce partiellement protégée EN : En danger d’extinction FEOW : Freshwater Ecoregions of the World GEF : Global Environment Facility ICCN : Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature IRSN : Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique LC : Least Concern (Préoccupation mineure) LTLT : Lac Télé Lac Tumba MEOW : Marine Ecoregions of the World NT : Quasi menacée (Near Threatened) OFAC : Observatoire des Forêts d’Afrique Centrale PADEF : Programme d’Appui au Développement des Filières agricoles PNUD : Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement RC : République du Congo RCLT : Réserve Communautaire du Lac Télé RDC : République Démocratique du Congo RNTN : Réserve Naturelle du Triangle de la Ngiri RTL : Réserve de Tumba Lediima RSM : Réserve Scientifique de Mabali SNPC : Société Nationale des Pétroles du Congo UICN : Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature VU : Vulnérable WCS : Wildlife Conservation Society WWF : World Wildlife Fund for Nature Madouka, G & B, Ikati. (2016). Rapport des enquêtes biologiques_Lac Télé –Lac Tumba iii Paysage Lac Télé-Lac Tumba LISTES DES FIGURES, TABLEAUX ET PHOTOS Liste des figures Figure 1 : Couverture d’enquêtes biologiques sur le Site Ngiri-Tumba-Maindombe Figure 2 : Sites Ramsar du Paysage Lac Télé–Lac Tumba Figure 3 : Diversité de poissons du site par famille à Ngiri-Tumba-Maindombe Figure 4 : Superposition des concessions forestières sur la Réserve de Tumba-Lediima Liste des tableaux Tableau 1 : Typologie des zones humides du paysage du segment Lac Télé Tableau 2 : Types des zones humides du segment Lac Tumba et leurs caractéristiques Tableau 3 : Quelques spéculations agricoles du paysage Lac Télé-Lac Tumba Tableau 4 : Différentes spéculations d’élevage du segment Lac Télé Tableau 5 : Liste des espèces protégées du segment Lac Télé Tableau 6 : Liste des espèces de plantes d’importance internationale du segment Lac Télé Tableau 7 : Liste des espèces animales d’importance internationale du segment Lac Télé Tableau 8 : Liste des espèces de faune de Statut UICN (CR, EN et VU), CITES et CMS du segment Lac Tumba Tableau 9 : Liste des espèces de flore de Statut UICN
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