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Universidade De São Paulo Faculdade De Filosofia, Letras E Ciências Humanas Departamento De Letras Orientais Programa De Literatura E Cultura Russa UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS ORIENTAIS PROGRAMA DE LITERATURA E CULTURA RUSSA PRISCILA NASCIMENTO MARQUES POLIFONIA E EMOÇÕES: Um estudo sobre a construção da subjetividade em Crime e castigo de Dostoiévski São Paulo 2010 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS ORIENTAIS PROGRAMA DE LITERATURA E CULTURA RUSSA POLIFONIA E EMOÇÕES: Um estudo sobre a construção da subjetividade em Crime e castigo de Dostoiévski Priscila Nascimento Marques Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Literatura e Cultura Russa do Departamento de Letras Orientais da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Literatura e Cultura Russa. Pesquisa desenvolvida com bolsa da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP). Orientador: Prof. Dr. Bruno Barretto Gomide São Paulo 2010 Catalogação na Publicação Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo Marques, Priscila Nascimento Polifonia e emoções: um estudo sobre a construção da subjetividade em Crime e castigo de Dostoiévski / Priscila Marques Nascimento; orientador Bruno Barretto Gomide. -- São Paulo, 2010. 313 f. ; il. Dissertação (Mestrado – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura e Cultura Russa – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. 1. Dostoiévski, Fiodór, 1821-1881. 2. Literatura russa. 3. Psicologia. 4. Polifonia. I. Título. II. Gomide, Bruno Barreto. PRISCILA NASCIMENTO MARQUES POLIFONIA E EMOÇÕES: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A CONSTRUÇÃO DA SUBJETIVIDADE EM CRIME E CASTIGO DE DOSTOIÉVSKI Dissertação de mestrado apresentada ao Programa de pós-graduação em Literatura e Cultura Russa do Departamento de Letras Orientais da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, aprovado pela Banca Examinadora constituída pelos seguintes professores: __________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Bruno Barretto Gomide Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas – Universidade de São Paulo Orientador __________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Elena Nikoláevna Vássina Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas – Universidade de São Paulo __________________________________________ Profa. Livre-docente Sylvia Leser de Mello Instituto de Psicologia – Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo 2010 Dedico este trabalho à Maria Lúcia, José Manuel, Patricia, Alex e Maurilio AGRADECIMENTOS Em primeiro lugar, gostaria de agradecer à Fundação do Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) pela bolsa concedida, a qual possibilitou minha integral dedicação a este trabalho. Agradeço também aos professores do programa de literatura e cultura russa, que tão calorosamente me acolherem e que tantas vezes foram solícitos em me ajudar a superar dificuldades. Aos professores que ministraram os cursos de pós-graduação por mim freqüentados, em especial os docentes Homero Freitas de Andrade, Andrei Kofman e Fátima Bianchi. Ao professor Noé Silva pela prestimosidade e disponibilização de materiais. À Elena Vássina pela receptividade e acolhimento dedicados desde sempre. Aos membros da banca de qualificação, Elena Vássina e Sylvia Leser, pela leitura atenta e valiosas contribuições oferecidas. Não poderei me esquecer da disponibilidade e abertura dessas professoras na recepção deste trabalho. A todos aqueles que têm me ajudado na desafiadora tarefa de aprender a língua russa: Noé Silva, Elena Vássina, Márcia Vinha, Denise Regina Sales e aos queridos colegas da graduação Bárbara, Giselle, Lucas, Rafael e Raquel. Aos amáveis colegas da pós, particularmente Graziela Schneider pela força. Ao professor Bruno Barreto Gomide, que me honrou com suas orientações, seu incentivo e principalmente por ter sido um exemplo de acadêmico em quem devemos nos mirar. Ao professor Alex Moreira Carvalho, pela cumplicidade, companheirismo e, antes de tudo, por sua postura ética, do começo ao fim. Além do agradecimento só me resta o desejo de ter incorporado, ao menos um pouco, as valiosas lições que aprendi com essas figuras. Aos amigos que nos fazem sorrir, refletir e sermos pessoas melhores. Tive a felicidade de poder incluir muitos dos nomes mencionados acima em meu círculo de amizades. Faltaria mencionar um amigo querido, onipresente, mesmo em suas ausências, Luciano de Souza. Quanto aos familiares minha gratidão é tanto maior, quanto menor minha capacidade de expressá-la. Como retribuir àqueles que ensinam o exercício do amor, do respeito e da confiança? À minha mãe, pela praticidade e doçura com que leva a vida. Ao meu pai, origem provável de meu espírito inquieto. À minha irmã, que todos os dias me ensina o significado de viver a igualdade na diferença. Aos queridíssimos avós, de fato e de coração, Maria, Madalena e José, Conceição e José; tios Maria José, Carlinhos, Lourenço; primos-irmãos Vitor e Vinicius, e primos de coração Marcella, Nelson, Eliete que transformam cada reunião familiar em momentos pra lá de especiais. Ao marido Maurilio, verdadeiro alicerce, sem o qual minha história seria inteiramente outra. The answer to such a puzzle is not a solution ; rather, it is a reminder of another, and greater, mystery. Michael Holquist MARQUES, Priscila Nascimento. Polifonia e Emoções: um estudo sobre a construção da subjetividade em Crime e castigo de Dostoiévski . São Paulo, 2010. 313f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Literatura e Cultura Russa) – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo. RESUMO O presente trabalho consiste num esforço de aproximação entre literatura e psicologia que procurou manter a integridade de ambas as pontas do diálogo. O objetivo foi estudar o romance Crime e castigo de Dostoiévski, com foco na análise do protagonista, Rodion Raskólnikov. Para uma satisfatória compreensão da construção da subjetividade deste personagem fez-se necessário visualizá-lo em suas relações intersubjetivas. Assim, a análise foi estruturada em capítulos, cada qual destacando o diálogo entre duas “vozes”, a do protagonista e a de outra personagem para que fossem explicitadas as contradições e implicações deste diálogo no processo de autoconsciência de Raskólnikov. Foram analisadas as relações do protagonista com Marmieládov, Razumíkhin, Lújin, Porfíri, Svidrigálov e Sônia. Além disso, foram tecidas considerações acerca do epílogo, considerando suas particularidades formais e funcionais em relação ao restante do romance. A entrada da psicologia está na tentativa de reconstituição do efeito estético do romance a partir da estruturação poética do texto, de modo que o protagonista seja considerado em sua ficcionalidade, e não como paciente da clínica psicológica, conforme os pressupostos teórico- metodológicos da psicologia da arte de Vigotski. Para compreensão da organização formal do texto lançou-se mão da teoria polifônica de Bakhtin, bem como de outros autores da eslavística, mais ou menos congruentes a essa visão. Por fim, são apresentadas, em anexo, traduções de cinco textos da eslavística norte-americana e inglesa, todos precedidos por uma nota introdutória sobre os textos e seus autores. Palavras-chave: Literatura russa, Psicologia da arte, Dostoiévski, Emoções, Polifonia. Contato: [email protected] MARQUES, Priscila Nascimento. Polyphony and Emotions: a study on the construction of the subjectivity in Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment. São Paulo, 2010. 313f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Literatura e Cultura Russa) – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo. ABSTRACT This dissertation consists of an effort of bringing together literature and psychology, which tries to keep the integrity of both areas. The objective was to study Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment , with an analysis of its main character, Rodion Raskolnikov. For a satisfying understanding of the construction of this character’s subjectivity it was necessary to visualize him in his intersubjective relations. Thus, the analysis was structured in chapters, in which we underlined the dialogue between two “voices”, the protagonist’s and another character’s, so that we could explicit the contradictions and implications of this dialogue in the self- conscience process of Raskolnikov. The relations of the protagonist with Marmeladov, Razumikhin, Luzhin, Porfiri, Svidrigailov and Sonia were analyzed. Besides, some notes were taken on the epilogue, considering its formal and functional particularities. The psychological goal rests in the attempt of reconstituting the novel’s aesthetic effect through the understanding of its poetic structure, so that the protagonist is considered in his fictiousness and not as a patient in the psychological office, according to the theoretical-methodological presuppositions of Vygotsky’s psychology of art. For an understanding of the formal organization of the text, we resorted to Bakhtin’s polyphonic theory, as well as to other slavistic authors more or less congruent to this view. Finally, Portuguese translations of five texts from the American and British slavistics were presented and preceded by an introductory note on the texts and its authors. Keywords: Russian literature, Psychology of art, Dostoevsky, Emotions, Poliphony. SUMÁRIO 1. Introdução 01 2. Do “romance prontuário” à “forma viva”: considerações acerca das relações entre Literatura e Psicologia 08 2.1 Dostoiévski e a
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