Basic Environmental Data of Andalusia ���� Basic Environmental Data of Andalusia 2019
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Basic Environmental Data of Andalusia ���� Basic Environmental Data of Andalusia 2019. Edited by Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible. This is a product of the Red de This publication, released on a regular basis since 1995, includes the main Información Ambiental de Andalucía (REDIAM). cartographic and statistical information regarding the andalusian environment, well organized and summarized, providing an overview of the ISSN environmental reality in Andalusia. 2174 - 9981 Legal Deposit SE 1787 - 2013 Page Thematic areas Print J. de Haro. Artes Gráficas, S.L. 3 Territorial context Design and Layout Magtel Operaciones, S.L.U 4 Natural resources Climate and climate change Cover Picture Butterflies Polyommatus golgus Vegetation and land use (niña de Sierra Nevada). Author: Hans Braxmeier. Soil and erosion Source: https://pixabay.com Water Basic Environmental Data of Andalusia 2019 has been produced by the initiative of the Consejería Coast de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible and of the Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua. 13 Natural protected areas The digital version of this document is also 16 Management of the natural environment available and can be downloaded from the Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Forest Desarrollo Sostenible website. Biodiversity and geodiversity http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/ medioambiente/ddbb19 Cinegetic and aquaculture management 20 Productive system 24 Environmental quality and prevention Waste Environmental prevention Air quality 28 Urban environment 30 Social participation 32 Environmental indicators 34 Planning 35 Normative Territorial context 3 Andalusia ranks 16th in number of inhabitants in the ranking of the countries of Population in Andalusia 2019 [1]-[2]* the European Union. The Andalusian territory, with a total of 778 municipalities, is characterized by a 8,410,002 inhabitants dense network of heterogeneous population centers. Just over half the population is concentrated in 29 municipalities with over 50,000 inhabitants, 47,007,367 inhabitants in Spain 2019 while the region as a whole does not reach 100 inhabitants per km². ertra context Territorial Area of Andalusia [2] Distribution of the andalusian population according to the size of the municipalities 2018[2] km² 87,600.7 Typology Municipalites (number) Population 505,983 km² in Spain Up to 5,000 inhabitants. 521 10.7 % 5,001 – 10,000 inhabit. 103 8.6 % 10,001 – 30,000 inhabit. 108 22.4 % * See information sources on the back cover. 30,001 – 50,000 inhabit. 17 7.5 % Population on 01/01/2019 50,001 – 100,000 inhabit. 17 15.1 % More than 100,000 inhabit. 12 35.8% Andalusia in the European Union [3] Total 778 100 % Population (inhabit) Populationdensity 2017[3] Germany 83,019,213 France 67,028,048 Population of the European Union Great Britain 66,647,112 UE-28 Italy 60,359,546 512.379.225 Spain 47,007,367 inhabitants Poland 37,972,812 Population on 01/01/2019 Romania 19,401,658 Netherlands 17,282,163 Belgium 11,467,923 Greece 10,722,287 Czech Republic 10,649,800 Portugal 10,276,617 Sweden 10,230,185 Hungary 9,772,756 Austria 8,858,775 ANDALUSIA 8,410,002 Bulgaria 7,000,039 Denmark 5,806,081 Finland 5,517,919 Slovakia 5,450,421 Ireland 4,904,226 Croatia 4,076,246 Lithuania 2,794,184 Slovenia 2,080,908 Latvia 1,919,968 inhabitants/km2 Estonia 1,324,820 ≤50 Cyprus 875,898 51-100 101-200 Luxembourg 613,894 201-350 Malta 493,559 >350 Population on 01/01/2019 Natural resources 4 Climate and climate change Average temperature in Andalusia in 2018 2018 behaved as a cold and wet year as a whole, with an irregular distribution of rainfall and a tendency to drought, which maintains 15.6 ˚C uncertainty about the availability of water resources in the region. Special 16.1 ˚C Average temperature in the attention deserves the indicator relating to global warming which, although period 1971-2000 it decreases slightly in 2018 due to the colder nature of the year, maintains Natural resources its upward trend since the 1980s, highlighting the increase in temperatures experienced in recent decades. Average rainfall in Andalusia in 2018 675 mm 567 mmAverage rainfall in the period 1971-2000 Average temperatures deviations in 2018 compared to the average values Total greenhouse gas emissions in during the period 1971-2000 in Andalusia andalusia 2017 51,760ktCO ₂eq Sierra Morena Oriental 340,231 ktCO₂eq in Spain [4] Alto Guadalquivir Sierra Morena Occidental Sierras Subbéticas Orientales Medio Guadalquivir Surco Intrabético Septentrional Sierras Subbéticas Centrales Medio - Bajo Guadalquivir Sierras Penibéticas Septentrionale Litoral Onubense Bajo Guadalquivir Surco Intrabético Central Temperature ˚C Surco Intrabético Occidental Litoral Oriental de Almería y Comarcas Interiores Sierras Penibéticas Centrales < -4 0 - -1 Sierras Subbéticas Occidentales Litoral Occidental de Almería -4 - -3 1 - 2 Litoral Costa del Sol -3 - -2 2 - 3 -2 - -1 3 - 4 Sierras Penibéticas Occidentales -1 - 0 > 4 Litoral Gaditano Total rainfall deviations in 2018 compared to the average value during the period 1971-2000 Sierra Morena Oriental Alto Guadalquivir Sierra Morena Occidental Sierras Subbéticas Orientales Medio Guadalquivir Surco Intrabético Septentrional Sierras Subbéticas Centrales Medio - Bajo Guadalquivir Sierras Penibéticas Septentrionales Litoral Onubense Bajo Guadalquivir Surco Intrabético Central Rainfall (mm) Surco Intrabético Occidental Litoral Oriental de Almería y Comarcas Interiores Sierras Penibéticas Centrales < -200 0 - 50 Sierras Subbéticas Occidentales Litoral Occidental de Almería -200- -100 50 - 100 Litoral Costa del Sol -100 - -50 100 - 200 -50 - 0 200 - 400 Sierras Penibéticas Occidentales 400 - 600 Litoral Gaditano > 600 Trends in greenhouse gas emissions in Spain and Global warming index in andalusian reference sites Andalusia [4] 176 180 10 Index 1990= 100 153 8 5 147 150 138 138 129 6 124 117 118 120 113 4 100 100 90 2 Natural resources 0 60 -2 30 -4 0 -6 1990 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 1922 1934 1946 1958 1970 1982 1994 2006 2018 Andalusia Spain GWI Cordoba GWI Jerez de la Frontera GWI Granada Comparison of the evolution of total greenhouse gas emissions in Andalusia and Spain[1] [4] 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 GHG emissions in Andalusia (kt CO₂ eq) 43,074 52,882 66,60 55,232 51,898 48,629 51,760 GHG emissions in Spain (kt CO₂ eq) 328,614 387,528 441,038 357,677 337,599 326,383 340,231 GHG emissions in Andalusia per capita (tCO₂ equiv/inhabit.) 5.95 7.20 8.36 6.58 6.18 5.80 6.7 GHG emissions in Spain per capita (tCO₂ equiv/inhabit) 8.28 10.88 9.93 7.59 7.25 7.01 7.29 GHG emissions in Andalusia per unit of GDP (kg/euro) 0.70 0.61 0.51 0.38 0.36 0.32 0.33 GHG emissions inSpain per unit of GDP (kg/euro) 0.47 0.45 0.44 0.34 0.32 0.29 0.29 The data from the National Air Pollutant Emission Inventory replace previous editions of the inventory. In this edition (1990-2017), certain improvements and corrections have been implemented with respect to the previous edition that may have led to variations in the historical data. Moisture index deviation in 2018 compared to the average value during the period 1971-2000 Moisture index -1 -0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 +0,2 +0,4 +0,6 +0,8 +1 Natural resources. Vegeta�on and land use Forest and natural areas1 44.194,17 km² The state of the vegetation is monitored through the global Main land use in Andalusia in 2013: 6 water stress indicator, which measures the influence of drought. According to the available records, the values of this 50,5 % of the regional area indicator remain below the average from 2009 to the present. With regard to the evolution of land use, the analysis based on the SIOSE-Andalusia project shows a slight decline in forest Regional area with stressed vegetation 2 and natural areas and in agricultural areas, and an increase in in the hydrological year 2017-2018 built and altered areas, while wetlands and water bodies Natural resources remain unchanged (period from 2005 to 2013). 18,4% 22 % average value of the historical series (2002-2018) 1.information extracted from the cartographic base of the project “SIOSE Andalucía” (Information System of Land Use in Spain). 2. Percentage of stressed vegetation from NDVI Terra-Modis images (Global Stress Indicator). SIOSE Andalusia map 2013 Constructed and altered areas Scrublands and pasturelands without trees Scrublands with trees Areas without vegetation Arable crops and greenhouse Mixed crops and vegetation Pasturelands with trees Woody crops Forest Wetlands areas Changes in land use in Andalusia 2005 2009 2011 2013 Forest and natural areas 4,555.8 4,399.2 4,385.6 4,418.4 Constructed and altered surfaces 3,541.9 3,665.1 3,650.7 3,516.8 7 Agricultural areas 359.2 390.3 409.2 510.5 Water bodies and wetlands 302.9 305.0 314.1 311.9 (Thousands of hectares) Land use by province in 2013 Natural resources Almeria Cadiz Cordoba Granada Huelva Jaen Malaga Seville Total Forest and natural areas 593.3 346.3 660.2 658.0 751.3 627.6 356.5 425.2 4,418.4 Constructed and altered surfaces 217.5 290.7 619.3 535.4 151.5 647.8 296.8 757.9 3,516.8 Agricultural areas 41.1 64.2 58.9 47.3 41.6 42.5 59.7 155.2 510.5 Water bodies and wetlands 24.3 43.0 38.2 22.7 70.0 30.1 17.8 65.9 311.9 (Thousands of hectares) Regional area with stressed vegetation 45 % 41,6 41,3 Stressed vegetation Mean value 40 35,3 35 30 25,5 30,8 25 20 21 13,4 15 18,3 19,3 19,4 18,4 16,8 9,4 8,6 17,5 10 11,3 5 0 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 Hydrological year Stressed vegetation is that which is subject to water stress due to lack of water.