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OCCASION This Publication Has Been Made Available to the Public on The OCCASION This publication has been made available to the public on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation. DISCLAIMER This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. FAIR USE POLICY Any part of this publication may be quoted and referenced for educational and research purposes without additional permission from UNIDO. However, those who make use of quoting and referencing this publication are requested to follow the Fair Use Policy of giving due credit to UNIDO. CONTACT Please contact [email protected] for further information concerning UNIDO publications. For more information about UNIDO, please visit us at www.unido.org UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 300, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26026-0 · www.unido.org · [email protected] RESTRICTED DP/lD/SER.B/368 24 Jam iary 1983 English SEMINAR ON THE INTEGRATED SILK PROCESSING INDUSTRY UC/RAS/80/124 THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Terminal Report*; Observations made during the several factory visits conducted during the seminar Prepared for the Government of the People's Republic of China by tie United Nations Industrial Development Organization acting as executing agency for the United Nations Development Programme Based on the work o*t Jagannatha Rao, Silk Consultant United Nations Industrial Development Organization Vienna * This document has been reproduced without formal editing V. ??- ?070? - ii - Contents 1. The Integrated Silk Processing Industry Seminar- 1-7 2. Silk industry in China- Past 8-9 3. Silk Industry in China-Present 10-13 4. Organization of Sericulture & Silk Production 14-17 5. Seed Production 18-23 6. Mulberry Cultivation 24-26 7. Silkworm Rearing & Cocoon Production 27-30 8. Raw Silk Reeling 31-38 9. Design 39-44 10. Preparatory Processes 45-47 11. Weaving 48-52 12. Scouring, Dyeing, Printing S. Finishing 54-66 13. Silk Art Work 67-68 14. Research 69-71 15. Other Activities 72-76 16. Conclusions 77-82 The Tntecrated Silk Processing Seminar The second session of the Intergovernmental meeting on Agro and Allied Industries held in 1978, observed that the proposal, to examine the development of the silk industry, was important and timely in the context of employ­ ment generation in rural areas* The employment potential of the silk industry, especially in increasing the income of the villagers, was of particular interest. rhe foreign exchange earnings from the export of silk products would be considerable. The capital required was low and the technology involved was simple and has been developed within the region. A consultative Mission to be followed by a workshop/ seminar to examine the findings of the Mission in order to exchange experiences, share knowledge, know how and technology and undertake similar cooperative activities was conceived. In accordance with the directive of the Intergovern­ mental Meeting on Agro - and Applied Industries (1978) which was later endorsed by the committee on Industry, Housing and Technology and the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP) and at the request of the participating Governments, a consultative Mission comprising of a team of two Dr.C.E.Jagarnatha Rao, UNIDO Silk Production and Processing Adviser as Team Leader and Mr.N.Yamatani, Silk Marketing Advisor were fielded in 1979. - 2 - The report, which consisted of two parts Part A. - regional report and Part B - country reports, which emphasized the need to organize a workshop or a seminar with a view to considering its findings and recommendations and to provide a forum for the exchange of experiences, to discuss areas of technical and economic co-operation and the regional institutional mechanism to promote its further development in the region. The Chinese authorities reacted favourably to vhe suggestion that a workshop on the integrated silk processing industry should be organized in that country during the ESCAP organized workshop on small and medium - scale industries at selected sites in China in October / November 19 78, which induced the study of the silk processing industry in Wuxi. The third session of the Intergovernmental Meeting on Agro - and Allied Industries held in Tokyo in October 198C, welcomed offer of the Government of China to offer its host facilities for the Organization of the Seminar and resolved that a vorkshop/seminar should be organized on the integrated silk processing industry to examine the findings and recommen­ dations of the consultative mission, to provide s forum for exchange of experiences among the countries of the ESCAP region and to lay down specific guidelines for development of the industry including regional and sufc-regionalcocperation measures. Accordingly, the ESCAF in cooperation with the Government of the Peoples Republic of China organized a Eeminar cn the - 3 - "Integrated Silk Processing Industry" which was held in Hangzhou of Zejiang province from 26th to 29th September 1982 following visits to Beijing and Suzhou of Giangsu Province from 16th September 19d2. The long term development objective was to provide additional employment opportunities in rural areas, facilitate income distribution and earn/save foreign exchange. The development objective of the seminar was to 1. Strengthen the national planning and technological capability of the ESCAF developing countries in the development of sericulture and silk processing industry. 2. Examine and adapt the concept of institutional mechanism and organizational framework in China to suit individual country requirements. The immediate objective of the project was to 1. Provide an opportunity to about 25 participants in the seminar to exchange experiences on the development of integrated silk processing industry. 2. Become acquainted with planning and development of the integrated silk processing industries. 3. Formulate guidelines for the further development of the industry. 4. Identify a technical cooperation programme 5. Consider a regional cooperation mechanism. _ Il _ This author was deputed by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization to participate in the Seminar on the Integrated Silk Processing Industry, Hangzhou 16-29 September’82 and assist the UNIDO delegate in deli­ berations of matters concerning sericulture technology of Industrial crocessi ig of silk. One of the requirements was production of a rpoort. From the Aide Mémoire circulated to all participants before the seminar, a copy of which has been seen by the author at the time of report preparation, the agenda for the seminar w?s» 1. The experience of China in the planning and development of the integrated silk processing industry in the country. 2. The findings and recommendations of the report of the ESCAP consultative mission. 3. The technical assistance requirements of individual, countries. 4. Regional strategy and mechanism to promote technical and economic cooperation among the countries. In this report an attempt has been made to ennumerate the observations on the "Integrated Silk Processing Industry" in China that was seen during the short sojourn and some recommendations as requested by the Chinese Delegation in - 5 - a meeting held with UNIDO representatives to the seminar on the 22nd September 1982 (Proceedings in the section - other activities) Since the information on the technical assistance requirements of individual countries would be covered by the reports to be submitted by the ESCAP; and UNIDO Industrial Development Officer, this is not being duplicated here. Notably missing in the proceedings of the seminar were the discussions on the findings and recommendations of the report of the ESCAP Consultative Mission, which were not held. The seminar, however, provided an opportunity to exchange of some experiences among the representatives of the ESCAP region. - 6 - At the outset, the major departure in our understanding that the technology involved in silk production is simple demands a quotation from the opening speech rendered by Mr.Hou Zonashu, the Deputy General Manager, China Silk Corporation who views Quote i "natural silk forms less than 0.2 per cent of the world production of textile fibers. This is why it is so precious and maintains high prestige. Silk has always been commended as the "Queen of Fibers" and valued highly. True.- silk fabrics are precious, but they are very difficult and expensive to process and confront keen comoetition from other fibers. In recent years, notwithstanding great efforts made by many countries to promote the production of natural silk, it has not been an easy task to accomplish. This may be attributed to the fact that cocoon production involves the domains of both plants and animals recuires mild climatic conditions appropriate
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