~ SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT

PLACENTIA TERCENTENARY CELEBRATIONS 1662-1962

Part of the Pageant Re-enactment of original landing by the French in 1662 -Photo Frank Kennedy, Daily New5

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PROVINCE OF NEWFOUNDLAND

DEPARTMENT OF MINES, AGRICULTURE AND RESOURCES

There's A Mining Boom m Newfoundland

TRAINED MEN ARE NEEDED

During the past few years we have produced

About one-third of Canada's iron ore;

All the fluorspar;

About ten per cent of her lead and zinc; more than three per cent of her cop­ per and silver.

Significant amounts of limestone, cement, gypsum and pyrophillite.

We have new mines

Maritimes Mining Corpn. Ltd. started production in Aug. 1957 at Tilt Cove.

Atlantic Coast Copper Corpn. has started production in July 1961 .

Advocate's asbestos at Baie Verte is exciting mining people with its great potential;

Encouraging exploration is being done in a dozen more places.

Trained men are in great demand- Mining engineers, geologists, prospectors and construction men and tradesmen of all kinds are being used in increasing numbers every year.

Young Newfoundlanders can qualify for the very best jobs at Technical and Trade Schools; at Memorial University in St. John's, or on the Mainland, and in many ways can get immediate assistance in the form of scholarships and grants.

DEPARTMENT OF MINES, AGRICULTURE AND RESOURCES - ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND 2 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY The Newfoundland Quarterly Issued every third month March, June, September, and December. L. W. Janes ...... Editor and Publisher

Telephone 92185 Robert Saunders, J.D., Ph.D...... Contributing EditOJ

P. 0. Box 5874, St. John's, ewfoundlaad An Historic Date ...... 3 Extracts from Sir Joseph Bank's Journal ...... 5 SUBSCRIPTION R.ATES Stand Fast for ewfoundland-Dr. Saunders ...... 9 The Newfoundland Police Force-A. R. Brazill ...... 13 One year in advance (lCanada) ...... $!.()() The Postman Knocks ... 14 r~~~n~u:;~~~~~ pl~ --~dd · 'i~ ·· ························· ················· $1.25 A Giant Squid Story ...... 15

Canada Council Awards ...... 16 To ensure return of mss, please enclose self addressed envelope Artifacts of an Earlier Culture ...... with sufficient postage. The publisher will not be responsible 16 for loss of any mss., drawings or photographs. but will exercise Special Supplement-Placentia Tercentenary ...... 17, 18, 19 care in handling material submitted for publication. Gerald S. Doyle Ltd...... 21 Advertising rates on application The Greenspond aga-Dr. Saunders ...... 24 Authorized as Second Class Mail, Early H istory of Hr. Grace- Irs. May Davis ...... 29 Post Office Dept.. Ottawa, 1953. }'a\'ourites Old and ?'\ew ... 30 All rights to contents of this magazine reserved. T he Grow's Nest ..... 32

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VOL. LXI Canada $1.00 Per Year

No.4 Foreign $1.25 Per Year ST . JOHN---'S, NFLD ., WINTER, 1962

6 1st ANNIVERSARY MARCONI'S FIRST MESSAGE

The following item appeared in the calm came, and snapped off everything SL John's "Evening Herald" on Thurs­ holding it, then soaring away into the day, December 12, 1901: dense atmosphere beyond vision. Fortun­ ately, Mr. Marconi is provided for such "On Tuesday afternoon, Signor Marconi losses and has other balloons to send up. sent up a large kite at Signal Hill to test Cabot Tower overlooking St. J ohn's from the velocity of the wind and make other (He resumes operations today and hopes the top of Si~al Hill where Marconi sent the first ·wireless message. experiments. Yesterday, although the top to pick up some large ship in mid-ocean of the hill was enveloped in fog, a balloon and establish (wireless) communications). was inflated, four wires and a rope were ing Herald" was setting up the above attached and the affair was then released. item for its issue of Thursday, December So well had Marconi kept his secret T he Balloon ascended rapidly but the 12th, 1901 , Marconi was receiving on the that no one in St. John's, and few people b reeze was too strong and it was carried top of Signal Hill the first Trans-Atlantic elsewhere knew that he was trying to re­ well in over the land. wireless message. It came shortly after ceive wireless signals across the Atlantic noon from Polclhu in Cornwall, and the "Just before the operator thought of ocean. He had given out that he was signal was the Jetter "S" of the Morse bringing back the balloon, a sudden heavy trying to establish communication by code, "S" for "Success". breeze swept it down towards the earth, wireless with a ship passing a few hun­ and almost as suddenly died out. The dred miles off t. John's. But the fact This month is the 6lst anniversary of balloon went up with a jerk when the was that just about the time the "Even- Marconi's first Message.

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Extracts lro•n

(Continued from Fall Issue)

Being a journal of a voyage to Newfoundland & Labrado r co mmencing April the seventh and ending November the seventeenth, 1766.

1 shall now mention the methods of the 3 or 4 troughs full of fish becomes ex­ first of their officers are not qualified French which are different from ours. ceedingly muddy o much that I have for their office unless they can sing In some of which (as [ said before) tieen it discoloured for 20 or 30 yards which they do to amuse the people who they excel! us but more in their ncat­ round the trough. The situation too so occasionally all JOlll the chorus, tJ1e ne · · and manner of carrying on busi­ near the stage makes the water round it whole time of their splitting. I remem ­ ness among their people than in any subject to the corrupted and stink in a ber coming into a French stage and hear­ superiority of point of curing. manner not to be described from the ing Voi .\ mante as agreeably sung as quantities of cods, head~ and guts, thrown 1 ever heard it by the majot· and seconds, Their boats are not much more than in by the splitters. the first of whom had a remarkabl) good half as large as ours, much more clumsily ''oice. T h ese officers being of some b uilt and less adapted for sailing. Each In t h ese \'ery essential particulars we consequence among the people and com­ of the m are wot·ked b) three men who excel! them but in the neatness of their monly goin g pretty well dressed ha\ e each fish with two lines in the same stages and manner of working they are an ingenious way of keeping themsehe. manner and with the same bait as our much our superior . clean in the dirty operation of splittin g . people. This when the fi h will take They ha\ e a case made of bark to co,·cr bait but they, who in general come earl­ them from the chins to their heels which ier upon the coast than we do, begin e FRENCH METHOD OF constantly stands o\et· their stools in the a l-;o to fish before us, by a method called CURING FISH splitting table. Into thi they creep he re jigging, done by 2 large hooks each e T H E N IGH T T H E WHOBBYS and putting on sleeves a n d la1·ge woollen o f them twice as large as those used for CAME g lo\'es split the fish in a manner with­ ba it. These hooks are fastened together e A GIANT H ALIBUT out touching it. back to back, and a hea\'y lead placed u pon their shanks which the French e H OW T O MAKE SPRUCE Their oyl the) also make in a much (whither out of whim, or from any usc B EER neater manner than we do. If neatness they find in it l do not know) cast in is an excellence in so "nasty'' a thing, the shape of a fish. These j iggs arc Their stages are much broader than they certain!) excel! us much. Their fastened to the ends of their lines and ours, covered with the sails of their ships is all strained through a thin cloth not let down to the bouom from whence ·which makes them much I igh ter as well unlike the catwas that ladies work car­ they arc raised e\'ery half minute or as sweeter ot· raLher less stinking. (For peting upon, stretched on the upper side the reabouts by a strong jerk of the fish­ either theirs or ours would turn an of a \ esscl made with poles, placed in erman's arm, in hopes of ·tt·iking them Eng I ish man 's stomach w ho had not been the shape of a pyramid rc\ersed, under in to the fish who arc accidentall~ swim­ inured to them b) degrees as we were) . which is placed a trough for the t·ecciv­ ming by. The jerk of the arm necessary Ours arc built with spruce boughs and i ng iL as it strains out. in this fishing makes it so laborious that with the same material which make After having said so much abuut fish­ we can seldom get any of our country­ them disagreeably dark. In the middle ing it will not be impmpet· to Sa)' a men to do it. of theirs is a salt pile as long as the little about the fish they catch and stage almost by which means the salt l'hcir method of washing their fi~h of the dish the) make of it , called chow­ is always at hand. In ours the salt is out of the salt is very different and der which I belic\ e is peculiar to t h is heaped up in a corner and nm about much worse than ou L ' . They do it in count!') tho' here it i~ the chief food the stage whc1·evct· it is wanted, in hand a sq uarc tt·ough. the sides of which of the poorer and when well made a barrow~ O\Cr the salt pile. In the French are secured with lattice wor!... This set luxtH) that the rich e\en in England stage is a little scaffolding on which the be tween 4 poles .raised up in the water. (at least in Ill) opinion) might be fond people lay their trunks and to which .\l 11 ays where I ha\'e seen it close by the of. It is a soup made with a mall quan­ they swing their hammocks while our side of a stage. On the tops of these tity of alt pork cut into ·mall slices people arc l}ing about the stage in poles are blocks, by which the trough a good deal of fish, and biscuits, boyled little cabins which in England would is ea. ily hoisted up. or let down into fot· about an hour. l ' nlikel) as this be thought far too bad for hogsties. the watcl'. Into this they put their fish mixture appears to be palata ble, I ha\e and letting it down into the water poke The seconds or mates of the French scat ce met with an) I <){ ly in this count I') th em about with sticks till they are ships, the major or Surgeon and occa - who was not fond of it. \'\' hatevcr it ma) sufficiently washed. . ome of the people ionally the captain arc the people who be in England here it i certainly the arc getting into the trough and moving ·plit the fish. by which means it is nc,·er bad (?) method of dressing the cod ·which th em about with their hands and feet. carelessly or ill done, as is too often the is not near so firm here as in London . The chief inconvenience of this method case among our people where splitting \\' hether or not that is owing to the is this. The water by the washing of is done ob} the common people. The two art of the fishmongers I can not pretend 6 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUAR TER LY

EXTRACTS FROM SIR JOS'EPH BANK'S DIARY (Continued) to say. almon and herring we also all this year. There are also tolerable indeed they alwa)S bite but least in 5 un­ have in plenty but neither of them near plenty of flounders but as soon as the shiny weather. l have seen no large so rich and fat as they are in England. fishery begins they become so strong by ones, none I believe abo, e hal£ a pound Halibuts are the only fi!>h common to feeding upon the stinking heads, etc of weight, but am told that in ·ome p arts both places in which this country excells. fish thrown from the stages that they arc of Newfoundland, they are very la rge. Lance too is very good here but that by no means fit to eat. Birds here are man) sorts of wh ic h as i a fish I ne\ er cat in England. But So much for salt water fish . The fresh well as every other natu ral production . their greatest delicacy in the fish way here are in great plenty, tho' but 2 sorts: I shall subjoin a catalogue mentio ning is a small fish called here Capelin, in trout and eels. The first of which afford in thi place only those good fo r food appearance not unlike a smelt; tho' scarce good diversion to an angler biting very or some other way rem arka ble. Amo ng half as large. They come in very large well at tJ1e artificial particularly if it the best of the first sort is the Cutle) shoals from the south~va rd to deposit has gold about it, wi

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Duck and Teal, many sorts. All the iately as he heard the noise, he declar­ Sept 2nd: fresh water ones very good but those ed he remembered it well. It was the This clay a halibut was brought aboard who inhabit salt water the most fishy war whoop of the Esquimaux who were so large that his dimensions and weight birds I ever met with. The wild gee e certainly coming in their canoes to board I fear, will appear incredible in England. here are just now coming in very fat the ship and cut all their throats. The The first I took with my own hands and larger I think than tame geese in Commodot·e was acquainted. Up he bun­ therefore I can venture to affirm. them England. Here are partridges also of two dled on deck, ordered ship to be cleat·ed exact. They are as follows. kinds brown and white for so they call for engaging all hands to great guns, FPom the tip of his nose to the end of all those distinguished by a white spot arms in the tops, everything in as good his tail 6 feet, 11 inche. . on their wings. They are like our health order as if a French man of war of cq ual Ureaclth from fin to fin 3 feet, 10 inche. . fowl but near as large as the black game. force was within half a mile bearing down Thickness of his solid flesh by running These a•·e all good to eat but some birds upon them. The 0/iger which lay at some a priming wyer through 8~-:4 inches. there are that I must mention tho' they d istance from them was hailed and told 13 read th of his ta i I 2 feet, ~ inch. have not that excellence. Particularly the Indians were coming. 'Vhen the Length of Lhe fin next his gills 10 inches. one known here by the name of ' Vhobby. enemy appeared in the shape of a troop He weighed 284 which was on ly 14 less He is of the Loon kind and an excellent of ·these Whobbys swimming and flying than an ox killed for the ship's company diver but very often amuses himself about the harbour which fwm the dark­ the day he was weig-hed which was not (especially in t he night) by flying high ness of the night they had not before in the air and making a very loud noise. seen. A ll hands were t hen sent down At least to those who do not know the to sleep and no more thought of the cause of it, as the fo llowing circumstances Indians till the Niger's people came on will show. boa•·d next morning who will p.-obably In August l i6:l, as Commodore Paliser never forget that their companion clear­ in t he Guernasey, a 50-gun sh ip lay in ed ship and turned up a ll hands to a this harbour expecting the J.ndians. One flock of \\'hobby . da•·k n ight in a thick fog, the ship's com­ The people here tell a remarkable fact, pany were alarmed by a noise they had if it is a true one, of a kind of duck not before heard. Every one awake con­ called here Lords and Ladies, who they jectured what it could possibly be. It came say at times pursue the gu lls whom they nearer and nearer, grew lou-der and loud­ persecute till they make them dung er. The First lieutenant was called up. which they catch with great dexterity He was the only man on the ship who befo•·e it reaches the water and immed­ INSU RANCE had ever seen the Esquimaux. Immed- iately leave off the chase. 179 W ater St., St. John's

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EXTRACTS FROM SIR JOSEPH BANK'S DIARY (Co ntinued) till near 24 hours after he was caught. the boughs of black spruce as it will this liquor in itself \ Cry weak arc m ade So he may fairl} be said to ha\'e weighed hold pres ing them down pretty tight. three kinds of flip, called here call ibogu , as much as the ox, had he not been wast­ Fill it up with water, boil it till the rind egg calli and king ca lli. T he fi rst sim­ ed as all fish do con'iiderabl) by keep­ will strip off the spruce bough '"hich ply by adding rum, brandy or gi n (if ) Ou ing. will waste it about one thir{l. Take them cannot get either of the fir t) as much out and add to the water one gallon of as it agreeable. The second h) heating ' Vhen Chowder was mentioned, some­ Molasses. Let the whole l>oi l till the mol­ the first with the addit ion of a n egg and thing was hinted about spruce beer, the asses are dissolved. Take a half bog - some sugar. T he third , K ing Calli , b\ common liquor of the counll"). The re­ head and put in nineteen gallons of adding ·p irit to the con tents of the cipe for making it, take as fo llows, as water and fill it up with the es ence. Copper as soon as it i ready to pu t into perfectly as I can get it. Take a copper \Vork it with barm of beerground a nd in th e cask and drinking it ho t. that contaim 12 gallons. fill it as ful l of less than a week it is fit to drink. From (To be contin ued )

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By DR. ROBERT SAUNDERS, J. D. (Dr. Juris) Graduate of Boston, New Y ork, Columbia, Rutgers and i owa State U n iversities. t '? e College of Law of St. Paul and M inneapolis. Diploma in International Affairs, U niversity of Minneso ta .

HIS article is dedicated to two men who have on June 29th, 1945 and June 22nd, 1946, marking it well T every occasion, and in public print, gone out of their that "John Cabot discovered Newfoundland, making his way to say encouraging words on my researches relat­ landfall at Bonavista" ... and also "John Cabot looked ing to "Cabots Landfall", "The Royal Newfoundland for the first time upon land. He had sighted the hills of Regiments Role in Canada, War of 1812," and my Bonavista and Newfoundland was discovered. "Greenspond Saga." For one, "Wayfarer," in the The "Evening Telegram" of June 23rd, 1950 has an "Daily News", is worthy of my sincere thanks and- in article signed by its editor, C.E.A. Jeffery, Esq . on public- for never failing (well over a decade now­ "Controversy over landfall, Cape Bonavista is accept­ and time and again) to say a word in praise of my re­ ed." The Late Dr . S. P. Whiteway L.L.D . had at least two searchers- Fo r another, Dr . L. J. Jackman, of Montreal, articles in the same paper- on April 12 and July 16, has expressed his views in public and private, especial­ 1949 saying as headline in latter article "Cabot's Land­ ly on my articles re "Stand Fast For Newfoundland", fall made at Bonavista" ... In the same paper of Oct. Dr . Jackman has done researches himself on this sub­ 20th 1961, speaking of the Lighthouse, Mr. Samuel J. ject. Ryan says "Situated on Cape Bonavista ... first land I have received a letter from St. John's on Dr . Jack­ sighted by John Cabot . . . in 1947". man's letter to him which says in part:- The "Daily News" June 23, 1954 has an editorial on: "1 am absolutely amazed at the research of Dr. Robert " Discovery Day" saying "John Cabot made his famous S ::wnders in his researches on the "Greenspond Saga" landfall of Cape Bonavista in 1497" The late "Twillin­ and "When Newfoundland Helped Save Canada in gate Sun" of July 1st, 1950 had an article on "Cabot's 1812." He gO'es on to say that "he had done a tremen­ Diary." In it the writer makes a claim that a sailor in dmJs amount of research on John Cabot's Voyages ... " the Matthew kept a Diary and produces its contents. As Dr. Jackman had a good analysis of Cabot's Landfall the Cabots came to Newfoundland again in 1498 it in the "Evening Telegram" Aug. 16, 1958, on April 14 seems that his diary should refer to a later voyage as all and July 30, 1961 . authorities, from Henry Harrisse down, who have gone The Local Press has stood up for Bonavista as the over the records, are indeed silent on s uch a diary in landfall "The Fishermen's Advocate" in editori als of 1497. Quick StartsL ,. t·' I PREST-O-LITE . . . on~ Itt I BATTERIES NEED WATER ONLY 3 TIMES A YEAR GUARANTEE : The battery with the 30-month guarantee or 30,000 miles for private car use. Guaranteed for commercial vehicles, - 15,000 miles

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STAND FAST FOR NEWFOUNDLAND (Continued)

NIGHT or HOLIDAYS PHONE 82838 or 83446 Now, I myself have had f ive articles- this the sixth one- in the "Newfoundland Quarterly " on this landfall problem- In 1950 I cited at least thirty-nine authorities· GEO. SUMMERS in 1956 over thirty authorities; in 1959 I have thirty~ two-all different and distinct authorities; and in 1960 & SONS I have nearly forty just about all different and distinct WATER STREET EAST authorities from those cited in previous articles. In this present article I cite over forty authorities. There is thus just about two hundred authorities who have written books on articles on history and all supporting Cape GENERAL TRUCKING Bonavista or at least Newfoundland. In an issue of the "Bowater Papers" Number One, 1950; published by We are equipped to handle all kinds of this paper company, (general offices, London, England) Heavy Machinery and so kindly sent me by an official of the company; the author of an article on "The Making of Newfound­ land" gives Newfoundland credit as Cabot's Landfall in AT YOUR SERVICE AT ANY TIME 1497. Sir Robert Lethbridge's Presidents address on "Dis­ covery'' before the Devonshire Association in 1901, says " Chronicles and Acts of Parliament show that from the time of Cabot's discovery onwards England's dominion was a real and continuing one." GROCERS! Agnes C. Laut, a prolific and scholarly writer on "Canada" half a century ago, once visited Bonavista For all your GROCERY and and vicinity, coming away she wrote in her book:- " For generations the tradition has been handed PROVISION needs write to down from father to son, among Newfoundland fish­ er-folk that as Cabot's Vessel came scudding into Kings Cove the sailor shouted "Bonavista". J. S. Buckingham on " History of Canada" (published in 1843) says "Cabot made his discovery of Newfound­ T & M WINTER land in 1497" on Newfoundland the "Review of Re­ views" , April 1914 says " Discovered by John Cabot who was sent out by West of England Merchants", Fred L 'IMITED C. Cietz on:- "An Economic History of England" says " They found the New Isle." Charles M. Andrews {Farnam Professor of American History, Emeritus) on Duckworth Street St. John's "The Colonial Period of American History", says "John Cabot for England reached Newfoundland." The "Nation," June 9, 1910 on "The Fisheries Arbi­ tration" says " It was not many years after Cabots dis­ covery of Newfoundland that French fisheries began." The " Quarterly Review" (London) October 1816 says: ~ " Henry VII engaged the Cabots in the discovery of ['}-oR l/.

Arthur Temple, "The Making of the Empire" says "Cabot discovers Newfoundland and Labrador" Wan­ derer in "A Visit to Cape Bonavista" "Newfoundland Quarterly" June 1954 says "Cape Bonavista the first landfall of Cabot." In Henry Kirke "The First Conquest of Canada" it is said "He came in sight of land on the 24th June 1497 to which he gave the name of Bona­ /(OXFORDS vista." in 5 fittings Evert A. Duyckinck in "History of the World from the Earliest Times" "This island was dicovered by John for every w idth Cabot, June 24, 1497" Vernon C. Boule "The Story of the West Country Newfoundland" in the "Syren and of foot Shipping" July 5, 1950 it is said: "Cabot discovered For perfect comfort your the great island of Newfoundland." shoes must fit you perfect­ -ly. These fine K Oxfords The Rev. P. F. Y. Charlevoix "History and General are available here in five Description of New France" (Paris 1742) says: "The widths to each half size -from very slim to extra year 149 7, a Venetian Gaboto (Cabot) discovered New­ wide. That is why we foundland" D. H. Montgomery in his "Leading Facts of can give you a fitting English History "has a map showing the English dis­ ~ervice second to none. coveries in America "Newfoundland 1497."

Magazine "All the year Round" (London) June 24, 1865 says "Cabot, by whom it may be said the land was discovered a second time and called Newfound­ land" "North American Review" July 1824 on "A General Description of Nova Scotia says: "They were surprised . . . by the sight of land. The place was named Prima Vista and it was generally supposed to be the part of the Island of Newfoundland now called Parker & Monroe Ltd. Bonavista." THE SHOE MEN Captain F. W. Beechey R.N. in "A Voyage of discov­ ery towards the North Pole" 1818 says "Cabot .. . although unsuccessful in accomplishing the passage became the first authenticated discoverer of New­ foundland." John Reade in the "New Dominion Monthly" (Can­ • ada) June 1873 says: "The Indian name Baccalaos (cod­ SERV ICE fish) would seem to have been given to a part of, if not the whole of the Island of Newfoundland, at the • SECURITY date of its discovery by John Cabot."

In "Mortimer V. New York Elevated Railroad Coy.," SATISFACTION Superior Court of New York, Aug. 19, 1889 \~ef..A•t:J in 6 New York Supplement Reports P. P. 898-907) on W I T H A l l Y 0 U R I N S U R A N- t. ~ a question of land ownership between the Dutch and the English, the court says:

"In 1496 . .. a patent was issued by Henry VII licensing John Cabot and his three sons, or either of them, their heirs and assigns, to search for Islands etc., etc ... It was while acting under this license that Cabot is said to have discovered the continent of North America .. . and Burke states in his "Account of the European Settlement in America" (London 1760) that we ... derive our rights in America from HEAD OFFICE-THE JOHNSON INSURANCE BLDG .

the discovery of . . . Cabot who first made the 95 ELIZABETH AVENUE - ST. JOHN'S Northern Continent in 1 497." DOWNTOWN ST. JOHN ' S SERVICE OFFICE- 244 WATER ST. The "Retrospective Review" July 1811 says: "The BENNETT AVENUE - BELL ISLAND Island of Newfoundland, as already stated, was dis­ HIGH STREET - GRAND FALLS covered by Cabot at the close of the 15th century." WESTERN OFFICE-TH JOHNSON INSURANCE 13LDG . " Illustrated London News", June 21, 1890 in "Sketches MAIN STREET - CORNER BROOK

of Newfoundland" says "The Island discovered by MAIN STREET - STEPHENVILLE ... Cabot" ... "The Halifax Star and Chronicle" (New­ f oundland Edition so kindly sent me by a relative in NEWFOUNDLAND Halifax) June 21, 1954 says "Newfoundland has done 12 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY

STAND FAST FOR NEWFOUNDLAND (Continued) much more than argue that John Cabot made his west­ ern world landing in this island. They celebrate each MAKE SURE THAT THE June 24, what they claim is the anniversary of the founding of Newfoundland by Cabot." SURE IS IN YOUR The "Christian Science Monitor" (Boston) Feb. 19 1949 says: "Henry VII dug deep into his royal pocket and produced ten pounds with which he rewarded the brave explorer, John Cabot, for discovering the 42,000 square miles triangular island of Newfound­ INSURANCE land" The "Fortnightly Review" (London) May 15, 1866 says " Cabot came back after discovering a Terra Nova Take advantage of M E R I T ' S "Composite dwelling policy." Thi is a pecial packaged policy with a number in the West." of coverages in one, i.e. insurance on your building con­ Don Book in a dispatch to the "New York Herald tents, personal liability as well as easonal dwelling policy (Insurance on your summer home or cabin). Tribune" from London, May 13, 1947 says, referring to Newfoundland: "The Colony which was claimed : SPECIAL ADVANTAGES : for the British Crown by John Cabot in 1497."

All coverages expire on Lhe same date "Nelsons Dictionary of Dates", (London 1929) says ALL business handled by one Company. "John Cabot sailing from Bristol in 1497 discovered Newfoundland" The Chautauquan Vol. 28 (1898-99) a SPECIAL discount allotted when you take advantage of magazine devoted to an educational movement of this new policy other days, says: "Expansion of England in North Am­ erica really begins with the discovery of Newfound­ SEE land by Cabot, June 24, 1497." Boyle & Payne in their "Devon Ports" "Cabot and his MERIT INSURANCE Bristol men discovered New-found-land". "Illustrated COMPANY London News", Aug. 24, 1861" Newfoundland was without doubt discovered by Cabot in 1497." Captain ANDERSON A VENUE DIAL 9-0011 Levings " Echoes from the Backwoods" (London 1849) "Cabot discovered a large island which his sailors named Newfoundland." " Annual Register" (London) 1917 says: "At the end of September the 420th anniversary of the discovery of Newfoundland by John Cabot was celebrated in LEDREWS London." Dr. John Campbell in his "Naval History" (1813) says: "discovered that country which is now called EXPRESS LTD. Newfoundland." . .. "Be ye the Monument of Cabot's Name TORBAY ROAD and write his record on a scroll of fame".

Your ALLIED VAN LINES Agent "MARK EVERY PLOT" WITH OVER 80 YEARS EXPERIENCE dko@A MARBLE IN THE MOVING BUSINESS couitlle.rr THE SACRED ~neralton.r MEMORY LET GIVE YOU THE BENEFIT OF LEDREW'S STONE THEIR EXPERIENCE Carved LOCAL AND LONG DISTANCE MOVING •~ and Lettered •MOVING •sTORING •PACKING by DIAL 96085 - 90522 Skinner's Monumental Works P. 0. BOX 5520 THE MASTER CRAFTSMEN Write for Photos. State requirements P. 0 . BOX .f42 ST. JOHN'S, NFLD. THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY 13

THE NEWFOUNDLAND POLICE FORCE By A . R. BRAZILL

t'ort Townshend was built by Col. of seamen from American, English and Paul Carty. a nati\c of Ireland, and Pringle R.E .. , in 1773-79 at St. John·~. Ft-ettch ships ani\ed each Summer to also a mem bcr of t1he Roy a I Irish Con­ on the site of the present Constabulary augment 'lhe eve1· increasing population. stabulary, succeeded Mr. t'ole as In­ and Fire D :<: pt. buildings. The Imperial On July 23rd. 1856. the Major General spector and Ge neral Superintendent on troops were quartered there until 1870 Commanding, in an order of the day, August 21st, 1873. .\f.-. Carty was pen­ when they wet·e wi,Lhdrawn. referred to the fact 'That almost daily sioned September 30th, 1885, and died The following six governot·s were hou - in the early hour of 11 o'clock in vhe July 22nd, 1908. cd in a pla•in wooden two stvry building morning he sees t·he grog shops and .\fajor Morris J. t-awceu, a retired army of three rooms, built in ·ide the fort: other disreputable places filled with officer was appointed Inspector and Gen­ Admiral Holloway ...... 1803-1810 soldiers of the garrison. w'hich fact main­ eral Superintendent of the :\'ewfound­ Sir J . Duckworth 1810-181 3 ly explains the g•·eat increase of crime land Constabulary on October 6th. 1885. that he has lately noticed to have taken Sir J. Keats .. 1813-181 6 He resigned February 27th, 1895 to be­ place." Admiral Pickmore ...... 1816-1818 come Inspector of J>ol~ce at Jamaica. Sir C. Hamilton .1818-1825 Sir John Harvey, ex-Inspector Genet·al John R . :\fcCowen, born in Ireland in Sir T. Cochrane ...... 1825-1829 of Constabulary in Ireland. about this 1841 came to :\'ewfoundland ~hirty years During the early 1800's The Royal time was appointed Governor of New­ later and assisted in the organizing of :\'ewfounodland Companies were fonn ed foundland. He sent for Mr. Timothy the Mounted force in t·hat year. He at­ and did duty in the Colony. They be­ .\fi tchel I, who senred in the I risJ1 force tained Lhe rank of Head Constable, but came exttinot in 1863 when the officers under him, and on his arrival, appointed ,-esigned in 18&1 to become Governor of and men were transferred to the Royal him u peri n ten dent of the existing force H . M . Penitentiary, was appointed on Canadian Rifles, which with the Royal which position Mr. Mitchell filled till March 26th, 1895 to Lhe rank of Inspector .\rtillery canicd on for several years 1871 when he died. The Police force General, and Chief of t'he Fire Depart­ longer. at that time had strength of one In­ ment. The latter being organized afte specto.-. two sergeants and nineteen con­ the disbanding of the St. John's Volun­ ln 1860, under Lhe name of St. John's teer Fire Brigade, and now formed part \ 'ol unteer Association, four companies of stable. . The Outports were also repre­ of the Constabulary Department. ,·ol unteers were fonned into a bat,talion. sented. They we1·e armed and uniformed, the In 1871 Legislature authorized the es­ The electric fire alarm system was later consisted of a sca.-Let tunic and tablishment of an am1ed force, after the installed in 1894. black trousers with a red s tripe. Two of withdrawal of the Imperial Troops, and The fire bell was placed in the Central these compan.ies. the Prince of \Vales the Newfoundland Constabulary '\rds or­ station and new fire chiefs took charge Compan y and the Queens Company were ganizoo. Thomas Foley. a member of of East, "V\'cst and Central tations in called to llanack · at Fort Tounshend in the Royal Irish Constabulary was ap­ 1895. 1861. This volunteer llatallion was dis­ pointed Inspecto1· and General Super­ Mr. McCowen reorganized Lhe Pol•ice bandoo in the year 1874. intendent. force and tationed some 63 constables Al~hough St. John' · was a garris·m town Young men of good character between in outports. He distributed the unmar­ and in later year (beginning 184.9) had the ages of 18 and 25 yeat·s 5'10" in ried constables who resided at Fol't Town­ it's military or Regimental Police, there height, good physique and with a knowl­ shend Barracks between t•he Central, West was a great need for a civil law-enforce­ edge of 1·eading, writing and aritl11netic End and East End Fire Lations. He ment body, owang to the increased popu­ were accepted as recruits. They were died in Februat·y 1908. la tion and the sale of liquor, so, about trained on semi-militat·y basis, infantry The ranks of the Newfoundland Con­ the year 1807 a plan was devised, and rifle drill, etc. and instructed from a stabulary were as follows; ~he Tavern keepe1.. when given their manual of regulat·ion. similar to that of Inspectot· General Commis ioned licenses, were sworn in as Policemen. the Royal Irish Constabulary. Superintendent Commissioned Up to the year 1833 when a night The ann of the force were the Snider District Inspector :\'on -Comm is!;ion ed watch was insti tlJited, uhe force consist­ rifle, c-dl. .577 witih long cunred bayonet Head Constable Non-Commi sioned which later they were permitted to use ed of nine men, a High Constable and Sergeant , on-Commissioned eight a sistants. After the fire of 1846 when their Jives were endangered or to Acting Sergeant :\'on-Commi sioned extra night patrols were formed by the prevent Lhe escape of a felon, and then, Constable Non-•Commissioned Imperial Troops then garrisoned at Fort only the flat part. and to st1·ike upon The uniform of the Superintendent Town hend and Fort 'Villiam. the houlders, arms and legs and not was not unlike that of his superior of­ upon the head. The figure eight hand­ It was not till July 1856 that a uni­ ficer. Apparently there was no standard cuffs and the night sticks were issued. formed body was organizoo. This new head-dress [or the Inspector General but This new force with a full trength of fo rce, dressed in high collared blue coats the Superin•tendent wot·e the same as the fifty-eight including ix mounted con­ trim med with white, and tall hats known Non-Commissioned ranks except for the stables, took over the barrack at Fort as Bell-topper and upplied wi•t•h Bulls­ edge of gold around the peak. Commis­ Townshend, vacated by the Imperial eye Jantcms, toggle handcuffs and batons sioned office1 wore patent leather should­ or night-stick proceedoo to give an ac­ Troops. er belt with pouch at rear. l.lhe belt bore count of themselves, for during thee Mr. Foley died suddenly in tl1e Police the Constabulary emblem. days they had theit· hands full as numbers Court on April 18th. 1873. (Continued on page 35) 14 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY

• • • •

REMARKABLE CLAIM Mexican ('Gulf Stream) Curren t. He dis­ of a new Twentieth Century Conceplion ir: CO\ ercd that Newfoundland was an Is­ of what actually took place. I hope he I enjoyed the summer edition of the land - in 1the )Car 149~. ·when he land­ lives to finish his monumental task. :\lewfoundland Quarterly - all its con­ ed in Cape Breton. In 1495-1496 he Yours sincereh tributors have wrilten excellent articles. coasted along the west coast of New­ L. ]. Jackman' · ~f.D . I am particularly interested in Dr. foundland and the south coast o( New­ 1 5~8 Sherbrook W aunder's ama.ling article " tantl(ast for foundland. This may be reason (or the Montreal Newfoundland" - His upport of New­ 1494 map of abastian Cabot, of 1544, foundland's traditional claim to John and the Juan De La Cosa map of the Cabot's discovery on June 24, 1497 is South Coast of Newfoundland - which NEW SUBSCRIPTIONS remarkable. Kindly offer him my heart­ is a contro1·ersial ori.e - In 1497 - he iest congratulation . officia lly discovered Newfoundland. Sir, I have been quite sick with a coronary think he Janded somewhere from Cape I have been out of the country for 11 heart attack which truck me last October Race to Cape Bonavista - where it is months and have kind of lost track of 8, 1961. Howe1·er I am now up and marked on Capt. John Mason's map, but my subscriptions. I received a copy of about and will be back once again-may­ date is H99 referred to by Prowse - in the Quarterly on my return, last week, be the Fall. his History of Newfoundland - 1895 and it's su re wonderful to get all the In the meantime- :\'f r. Da1 id O'Truc edition John Day says as a contemparary history of our country. I do hope you of 1690 S. W. 27th .. henue Miami Florida in Bristol of J ohn Cabot's - in a letter will continue to have such success with - i the 'Vorld's Greatest Scholar on in Spain late in December 1497 or early your magazine, an l I want you to send the following (5) subscriptions and put John Cabot - He and I arc working on January J498. - to the "Crand Admiral" a little note in saying to whom they are a new book - of the life and history of of pain probably Columbu or the head from. John Cabot. He is old now - age 76 - of navigation in Spain - that he (John Yours truly. So I am anxious to get him writing it. Cabot), landed at Cape R ace - a nd went HOWARD ~lORRY, He has written "Lafontenada" - a north to his original landfall in Labrador Fcrryland. classical history of Florida - This he of June 29, 1492 - when he landed first did in 1940-1945. He was the first a t Great Cape at the tip of the entrance American Scholar to produce maps which of Hamilton Inlet - This is the new pr01ed that 1 orth America was first map­ evidence that Mr. 0. T. T rue has un­ A GOOD SUGGESTION ped in 1498-H99 by Juan Fernande-.1: with CO\ered in his researches. He fo und in Sir, Your recent excellent sketches on John Cabot a pb lot. "The admiral" - l-193- that Newfoundland was first map­ ;\:cwfoundlancl's " Law Makers and Person­ in the Cantino map o( Lisbon o( 1502 - ped as far as Cape Freels, and in 1494 he alities" suggest that you have a nucleus This pi'Oves the status of John Cabot - probably entered the Straits of Belle Isle for a WHO'S WHO OF NEWFOUND­ the equal of Columbus- in world naviga­ and coasted down the west coast of New· LAND. Surely your fanner Dominion tion. found land, and went across the Cabot status in itself gives the right for such an New research now seems to point to an Strait and landed in Cape Breton in ambitious project. early di covery of :\lew(oundland by the H94 - as claimed by his son Sabastian Considerable interest could be develop­ merchants o( Bristol - Probably 1481- in 1544. H ence the new informati on and eel in the history of our Island home if 1485. This is suggested recently by the traditional History of Newfound­ a compilation of short and human inter­ Professor O'Quinn. land's Discovery - are being carefull y est vignettes were made of those past and John Cabot - recharted ncvigation checked by Mr. 0. T. True - I always present, who have brought distinction to in the Atlantic Ocean - to map a safe keep telling 1\Jr. True of our early be­ England's Oldest Colony. Indeed it would route. He mapped the magnetic varia· lieCs and traditions. This has therefore be part of their immortality. It would tions of the North Atlantic, discovered the helped him to b uild up a new picture (Continued on page 29)

MacCORMAC'S DRY CLEANING, LTD. THE MOST DEPENDABLE DRY CLEANING SERVICE IN NEWFOUNDLAND GEAR STREET DIAL 85181-85182-85183 RECEIVING OFFICE- 1 ADELAIDE ST. P. 0. BOX 995 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY 15

TOLEDO SCALES A GIANT AND FOOD MACHINES The Name Everybody Knows

SQUID STORY ALSO Electrical Meat Saws

On October 26th, 1877, Meat Choppers two fishzrmen and a twelve­ Steak Machines year-old boy were fishing off Vegetable Peelers Portugal Cove, Conception Bay. Seeing what they took Meat Slicers to be a piece of wreckage, one of the men struck it with a boathook. Instantly the supposed wreckage exploded into action. A tentacle leaped MODEL 1051 24 and 30 lbs. capacity out and coiled around the One of many models available boat; a shorter but thicker arm followed. and the boat Full particulars and prices with terms furnished upon request for all models of scales and Food Machines. was held fast. The Squid Our Service Department is fully equipped to give fast, sank and began to drag the competent service on all machines. boat with it. FRED. V. CHESMAN LTD. The fishermen were so REPRESENTATIVES frightened that all they could P. 0. Box 695 178 Water St. Telephone 82536 do was to await the death they were sure was overtaking them. Water was pouring into the boat and it began to settle and they thought it was only a matter of seconds before they would all go down to a watery grave.

· If the men were resigned to drowning. the boy was not. Young Tom Piccott- he deserves to be named- seized a small hatchet that was in the bottom of the boat and slashed at the arm and the tentacle. He severed them just in time the boat righted itself but the squid was still alongside; however, Tom had taken all the fight out of it and the sq uid slid below the surface, and this time disappeared for good. The last thing they saw of it was huge fins at the en d of the body that were six or seven feet across. For 139 Years McMURDO'S has meant Service The men rowed ashore as quickly as they could, but T om Piccott clutched t_he arm and tentacles and brought and Satisfaction to the Newfoundland Trade them ashore as trophies; the arrn he threw on the ground wh ere it was soon eaten by dogs. The long tentacle, - o- however, he carefully preserved. When you order Drugs, Cosmetics, Toiletries, I t was eventually bought by Rev. Moses Harvey, a . Confectionery and Fruit Syrups local clergyman keenly interested in " kraken" lore. He sa id the part of the .tentacle that Tom had cut off was 19 fe et long, three and a half inches in circumference and was CALL 84061 - 84062 exceedingly tough and strong. T. McMURDO & CO. LIMITED Giant Squid are known to grow to 60 feet in length an d weigh as much as a ton. Squid are belived to be Newfoundland's Leading Drug Wholesaler able to travel at speeds up to 20 miles per hour. When WATER ST. ST. JOHN'S attacked they use jet propulsion to shoot them backwards from their enemy and at the same time eject a chocolate­ 1 8 2 3 Our 139th Year 1962 coloured liquid which hides them from their enemy. Jfj THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY CANADA COUNCIL AWA RDS Candidate should note carefully the Category 4. - (b\-Ans Scholarships. post-doctoral research. .-\ s ub~idian com. closing date cf each competition. Since Approximately 70 Scholarships of a maxi­ petition closing on I April is ;1sualh all awards are made on a competitive mum value of $2.000 with tra\el grant held for those who could not appl) in tht• for a rtisl of exception a I promise. Clos­ I basi~. late applications cannot be enter­ main com peti ion for reason~ beyond thei 1 tained. Prospective candidates should ap· ing dare, I, March, 1963. control. Closing date, 15 February. 1963 . ply early in the fall for the annual bro­ chure and appt·opriate application forms. Category 5.-Scholarships fot· Secondary Categoq• 10 Awards-Closing date: one Only one application hould be submitted School Teachers-.-\proximately 10 Schol­ month before each quanerl) meeting o[ in any competition year. As a rule, the arships ($2.000- $2,500) with appropriate the Council. Approximately J.i award, maximum amount of Financial assistance lt'a \'el grant for full-time secondary school are available for candidates of more than which may be expected from the Canada teachers wishing to do post-graduate slud­ ordinary promise or distinction who-,c Council is two full awards. ies.-Closing date, l:i J anuary. 1963. projects do not fall within the scope of any other competition or who, became of Category 2.-Pre-Doctor's• • • Degree Fel- Category i-Short-Time Grants in Aid an unexpected opportunity, cannot wait lowships. Approximately 1.')0 awards of of Research. Approximately 100 short· for a regular competition. For further an average of ·z,ooo with travel grant, term grants (2- 6 months) ranging in information write to : Scholarships Sec­ tenable in Canada ot· abroad. Closing va lue from $300 to $ 1,200 for scholars and lion, The Canada Council. 140 Welling­ date 1:), December, 1962. enior members of university staffs for ton Street, Ouawa, Ontario.

Artifacts of an Earlier Culture An expedition headed by :'l!orwegian Iceland, t'ecently left Lhe diggings, their Dr. Helge Instad which is exploring what part of the work done. P. JANES it believes to be early Viking settlements They said in an interview at Gander, in northern Newfoundland, is expected :'l!fld., they found evidence that the in­ to continue work there until mid-Sep· habitants of the eulement extracted iron & SONS tember. from the soil and knew how to process This is Lhe second summer Dr. lngstad it. has worked on the site on the northern They also consideted it important that LTD. tip of the island of :'l!ewfoun

On Sale at Book Stores in the City. THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY 17

PLACEN':I"IA ~ s TEBCENTENABY OF FRENCH OCCIJPA':I"ION .. L662

The town of Placentia this year cele­ the water of this part of Placentia Bay, brated the 300th Anni\ersar) of it oc­ off the shores of Argentia, that Great cupation b) the French with a pageant PLACENTIA. ( 1662-1962) Britain and the Vnited States agreed on and the umeiling of a plaque on Castle By R. A. PARSONS the terms of the Atlantic Charter of 1945. H ill by the French Ambassador. In his It is 'e1·y fitting that the government address the Premier of ='Jewfoundland Three centuries hence men may in­ of ;\/ewfoundland and the municipal au­ indeed review, said: \\'hat you have chosen here this day thorities of the neighbouring communities " Our riche · in • ewfoundland are made to do hould join hands to make memorable up of many things ... and the great­ To mark the founding of this set­ the great occasion of the tercentenary of est of these is history. . . . There is tlement, the founding of Placemia by the French And in your conduct find high pre­ no part of North America that would cedent! in 1662. not he grateful to ha,·e the richness of In thc~e days when English-speaking histor~ that we ha\e.... Mad pwphet be, three hundred and French-speaking Canadians are fac­ "" Slowly, gradually, we Newfoundlanders years ago, ing the common task of giving Canada \\' ho would foretell or fa . hion thi · a1·e beginning to reali1e the usefulnes ·, strange show, an indentifiable culture, the product of not to say the interest of our histor). As you that be of French and Eng­ two main traditions, supplemented b) The l~lacen tia celebrations wi II serve lish breeds and enriched b) contributions of mailer to dri' e this point home to thou ands Re,·ive and emulate your ire ' ethnic groups, this tercentenary offers a deed ; of our people. I hope there will be And in the proper mode perpetuate, wonderful opportunity 10 cement the other places where similar affair can Their ways and cu toms, save of war bonds of undet-standing and friendship be held." and hate. existing between our French language The Placentia area i., one of the most com patriots and neighbours. The ter­ ~eglened token of an ancient strife, historic in Canada and the :-.lew \\' odd. In friend! offices, recover life, centary also give.-. us a splendid oppor­ It is rich in tradition and is aho impor­ As guns on Castle Hill so long now tunit} to bring into focus the historic ta nt in world defensive strategy to this 1nute, importance of ~ewfoundland and to lay day as the ite of one of the great Naval \Vith joy articulate, this day salute! the foundation for the future develop­ ' lations of the nited tates. It was in ment of ou 1 historic si tcs.

The Town o( Placentia Photo Frank Kenned y, D aily News 18 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY

A feature of the cclebralion wa · a display of picture , models, documents, books and other items clo el) associated with the hisiOt') of the town and its e111 irons. Placentia

fly KATHERINE M. MURPHY Hisloricnl Display Sired by the sea! Supine she waited- Included in the display was two Hep­ Soil of the surf, in granite " 'm·es llearing no \Oice sa1 e roar of sut f plewhile chairs used b) Prince \\'illiam against the cliffs, the beach was whine of the winds and .-.eag ull~ Henry, now in pos,ession of S'.r Leonard born; call; And from the ri,·er silt the fields Outerbridge; the Communion Vessels Until in fullness of Lime, horne on beyond. the restless stream of tribes. donated LO the :\nglican Church at Pla­ .-\long the beach the ocean surged Came Basques and French and Por­ centia by the Prince; a Chippendale and channeled through to land­ tuguese; Table now owned b) E. \\'. Gate; docu­ locked ha rhou r, To furl their sail. and anchor in \\' hile, twixt the mountain and the 011 ments of the finn of Saunders and Sweet­ rhe hay, and claim their n­ . teppe, The dowry of the sea . man and other material lent or secured The current ebbed and flowed in for loan by the Gosling Library; a mar­ narrow stream, quetry chest of drawers, a Jeuer wrillen \\' here seagulls rode the 1 ides and salmon leaped. b) Major Lloyd and several books and Then did the land awake! Then did the air resound to sailors documenLs in the possession of l'remier 1 he mountains ga?ed upon tJ1e scene and to ships! Smallwood; the oldest land grant and below, Then did the echoes ring from hill old coins held by C)ril Greene; models of .-\nd found it good! to hill in proclamation- forts constructed by David \\'ebber, cur­ Then fearful, lest the tempest wtest "Tt is a pleasant place!" what sea had wrought, "PLA ISA~CE ! PLAISANCE! ator of the :\'aval and Military Museum Gave . heller [rom the tonn. PLAISA:--:CE!" in the Confederatinn Building; prints of (Katherine M. Murphy is a former Old Placentia secuted b) the Provincial Cradled hy wa1es, nurtured h\ tesident of Jerscy,ide. Placentia, and Archives from the :\'ational :\rchi1cs in tream, lulled by the echoes is now stenotypist for the House of from the hills, Assembl), Sr . john'.) Ottawa. and Basque Headstones.

Photo Frank Kennedy Daily News Parade o( Children passing under decorated at·ch at the Placentia Ceremonies THE NE~OUNDLAND QUARTERLY 19

French Ambassador unveiling plaque on Castle Hill

(Photos on this page courLesy Frank Kennedy & Tourist Bureau)

Premier Smallwood addressing the gathering A dashing young page at the landing on Castle 1-Jill 20 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY

~me lo Pralj By MARIANNE FARNINCHAM By D. DUI'\CAN MAIN, C.M.S.

I cannot tell why there should come to me " 'hen a new year comes to greet you, A thought of some one miles and miles awa), rise to rueet it with a smile, A sweet insistence on the memory, Every task it brings will lighten, L!n less there be a need that I should pray. and be easie the while; And the journey long and tiring, that you really dread and fear, H e goes his way, I mine, we scldo111 meet, " 'ill be shorter and much brighter To talk of plans or changes day by day. if you start the year with cheer. Or pain or plea ure, triumph or defeat,

Or special reason why 'tis time to pray. H you wake to grouse and grumble, and to wear a scowl or frown, ' •Ve are too busy to take thoug·ht Crossing bridge ere you reach them For days together of some friends away; will most urely let you down. Perhaps Cod docs it for us, and we o ught Be the clouds all dark and gloomy, To read His signal as a call to pray. and the outlook sad and drear, You will see some gleams of sunshine if you start the year with cheer. Perhaps just th en my friend h as fiercer fight,

And more appalling weakness, and decay Other folk ha\e got their troubles, Of courage, darkness, some lost sense of Tight eyeryone must have his share; And so, in case be needs my prayer, I pray. Don't be fretting over troubles tbal you may not have to bear. Friend, do the ame for me: if I intrude Face the new-born day with gla(1ness, Unasked upon you in one crowded day, meet iLs tasks with hope, not fear Give me a moment's prayer, as interlude: Joys are waiting vountl the corner if you Be very· sure I need it, therefore pray. start the year with cheer.

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N FLD. BUSINESSES AND PERSONALITIES (One of a Series)

GERALD s. DOYLE ~ Lilt#IT ED

THIRTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF GERALD S. DOYLE NEWS

Ten year~ ago, a-; the Canadian Broad­ impn1·tecl and distributed thmugh whole­ casting Corp01·ation was preparing to sale! - ~ to whom the) were onl y part of a take control of the operations of the \ery large range of commodities. There Broadcasting Corporation of ~ewfound­ was no specialization. Items in good de­ land, it was disco vered that the most mand were as often out o f as in stock. important news periods in rhe :\lewfound­ Advertising was almost unknown outside land programme were presented by a firm the City of t. John's which had the only of manufacture1·s' agent. Sponsored daily newspapers in the country. Gerald news is not permitted by the C.B.C. But Doyle quick!) set about the repairing of it was found that this was one rule that these defects in merchandising so far a!; had to be broken in :\lewfoundland. For his own agencies were concerned. the simple fact was that the Gerald S Doyle News Bulletin was a national in­ He realized from the beginning that it stitution. It was even more than that. was necessary not only to utilize the ex­ THOMAS DOYLE J[ was an indispensable service and this isting wholesale media but also to de­ velop his own distributing organintion year it completed 30 years of broaclca~t Managing Director for the supply of hundreds of small re­ ing the ~ews in " ewfoundland. Gerald S. Doyle Ltd. tailers who had not been previously able This news bulletin is a notable ex­ to obtain 1·egular supplies of his product, . ample of how business interests were l\fany of these small shop could not get improvement on iLs predecessor, in which con~bined with public service by that adequate credit to keep up their stocks. the son~ and music of the Newfound­ most remarkable man, Gerald S. Doyle, Mr. Doyle took a bold course. He set land people have been permanently pre­ the founder, and until his untimely up a minimum credit of $50 for every served. death in 1936, the President of the high­ storekeeper who wished to take it. He ly successful company that bear· his said of this that "realizing the inherent The first edition was printed in 1927. name. The story of the man and that honesty of , ewfoundlanders, we knew we In a new and more elaborate edition in of hi~ bu iness are inseparable £01· rat·ely could not faiL" 1940, made possible as were all editions has a large commercial enterprise re­ b y the achenisements of the products Operating fmm a third floor, walk-up volved for o long arottnd a sing-le per­ distributed by his company. Mr. Doyle r'JOlll in a vVater S'Lreet building, he car­ onality. said: ''The e old songs are part of the tied his personal sales campaign directly web and woof of the life of Newfound­ Gerald S. Doyle was born in the small, to the deeply indented and lengthy coast­ land. They tell the story of the joys, historic settlement of King's Cove, on line of the island. The first to employ sorrows, tragedies, habits and customs of the south ide of Bonavista nay, on Sept­ his own boat to 'isit the pe1·imeter of our people ... :\'ewfoundland has only ember 26, 1892. His father was the mas­ ::\lewfoundland for the purpose, he be­ in recent ) ears been a wakened to a sense ter of a chooner engaged in the New­ came before long a familia1· figure in of the rich treasures of her ballads, song foundland coastal trade and his mother virtually every coastal community. He and folklore. '\r\'e take pl"ide, therefore, was the sister of .Maurice Devine, editor was not content with distributing adveJ·­ in saying that it was our book of songs, of the ''Trade Re' iew" and a poet who tising material and samples of his prod­ published 13 years ago-the first book of contributed some memorable compositiom ucts. Gerald Doyle was a friendly man its kind so widely distributed in . ew­ to native verse. with a warm and sympathetic person­ foundland-that was respon ible in a ality. He made of every customer a per­ As a young man he travelled for a large measure for this new interest in sonal friend. He was as much at home drug finn in St. John's and saw for him­ local songs. If this book will help keep in a humble fisherman's cottage as in a self the opportumue for the develop­ alive the splendid history of our fore­ wealthy merchant's living room. He came ment of a progre si,·e distributing organ­ fathers, our efforts •will indeed be amply to know everyone in these outports, civil ization. In 1919 he acquired hi first rewarded." All Newfoundland owes a servants and doctors as well as merchants agency and began a career that wa~ al­ debt of gratitude to Gerald Doyle for and fishermen. And at last, of an even­ most start Jingly successful because of the the painstaking care and love with which ing, he would listen to tale of the past e nterpri e and initiative that characte r­ these compilations were made and for a nd particula1·1y to the singing of the i7ed all Mr. Doyle's activities from the the generosity with which the various traditional folk songs of Newfoundland. outset. editions were distributed all over the A poet at heart and intense!~ devoted to Island. Newfoundland, at the time, had had a the promotion of the island's culture and l ittle experience of modern merchandi. ­ traditions, he made the co llection of the, e The Doyle busine s ~ was incorporated ing methods. To begin with, proprietary a passion which has culminated in the under the laws of N ewfoundland in 1929. p rrvluct and allied lines were usually publication of a series of books, each an It was not long after this that the growth 22 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY

GERALD S. DOYL'E LTD . (Continued) New All-Electric of radio as a med:um of communication summet· to that bleak shore to fish, there was appreciated by this forward-looking was the special Labrador edition. Copy Maker! businessman. The Bulletin is unique. It i~ a day- to­ ll was typical of his clear understand­ day chronicle of the life of r u ra l :-.:ew. ing of Newfoundland's needs in the way foundland. Important messages we re of information that the Doyle Bulletin, trans-mitted. Some had LO do wi th b usi­ from the very beginning, 30 years ago, ness. There was a Li me when most of in :-.:ovember, 1932, should have taken the them were concerned with priva te and ncighbourly and intimate form it did. family affairs and the telegraph companv The general news of :'-lewfoundland was thought this was an unwarran table inter·­ important. So, too, was the weather re­ ference in its activities but the exigencies port. But this bulletin was chiefly direct­ u cl usive

• Steamship Terminal Operators BUILDING SUPPLIES • Contracting Stevedores MURRAY'S ROOFING {all kind s) • Public Warehouse Operators ALSO

DOORS - PLYWOOD AND ALL BUILDING MATERIAL Representing ENGINE DEPARTMENT NEWFOUNDLAND CANADA STEAMSHIPS LTD . PETTER LIGHTING PlANTS Di rect Shipping Service DRAIN PIPE COPPER TUBING From and a full line of all Machinery, Supplies and Fittings. Halifax, N.S. and Montreal, Que. to St. John's SCALES MURRAY AGENCIES & SAWS TRANSPORT CO . , LTD . A. H. MURRAY & COMPANY, LTD. ST. JOHN'S PHONE 82031 -2-3 P. 0 . BOX 2155 THE NEWFOUND LAND QUARTERLY 23 tion was the highe t per capita for any some of the best of the·e songs, were all ness he founded and of the part he province was largely due to his efforts. sound advertising. They epitemized the played in bringing modern merchandizing business ability of Gerald Doyle. They to Newfoundland. Il was in 1930 that l\Ir. Do~ le decided sold hi~ pmducts. But they had a broader The business flourishe.,, and i~ now con­ to build his o wn boat for his annual sum­ basis for here was a man genuinely in trolled by a Board of Directors. Present mer visit to his customers and friends. love with his own country, genuinely Officers and Director- are: Pre ident, Captain Henry Stone, a famous master­ fond of his own people. His own door :\frs. Gerald S. Doyle; Vice !"resident, buildel-, constructed this boat and her was open LO eve1·yone. He brought his Thomas :\1. Do} le; Managing Director, larger successor, "Miss Ne1\!foundland 'isitors to his home. His sympathy in .-\ . ]. Woodford; DirecLOrs, R. P. Doyle II", which was built in 1941. Captain their p1oblems wa intense and earnest. (Corner Brook); ..and C. J . Do) le, (Grand \Villis Laite was in charge of both boats Falls). for 01er twenty years. No more welcome \ Vith all this he found time for whole­ visitor ever entered a Newfoundland har­ hearted participation in public causes. The firm distributes the products of bour. No more fa m ilia ,- figu re stepped A fait h ful and devoted servant of his thirty-two manufacturers and has made ashore. • o more shrewd ob erver lis· church, he received the honour of a their names household words all 01 er tened so carefully or absorbed and digest­ Papal knighthood in the Order of St. Newfoundland. It serves 3.000 retailers ed better the information obtained. Gregory the Great. For his services to throughout the Province and ha ex­ • ewfoundland, he was decorated with the tended its fa cilitie by the construction For years Gerald D oyle wrote the jour· badge of an Officer of the Order of Brit­ of a large new office and warehouse nal of his summer cruise. Printed in ish Empire. He was made a Commander building on Blackmarsh Road in St. St. J ohn's "Daily News", it was a pene· Brother of the Order of St. John of John's, the O[-.~ning of a \\'est Coa.st trating commentary, written in crisp, J erusale m . He served on the executive Branch at Corner Brook and a S'ales economical journalistic style, of the state, of countless community projects includ­ Office for Central :"'ewfoundland in of social and economic life in Newfound­ ing the Canadian :"'a tiona! I nsti tu te for Grand Falls. The pl"inciples establis.hed land. These ann ual journals, put to­ the Blind, the Red Cros·, the Newfound­ by its Founder cont:nue to guide its Di­ gether, would constitute a com petent and land Tuberculosis As ociation, and the recwrs in their successful operation of succinct ocial hiswry of the period they Community Planning Association. At the the first business in ;\!ewfoundland to be covered. time of his death he was a member of created on modern advertising and re­ the R oyal Com m ission to prepare the ' olutionary distributing method . The Doyle News, the gossipy " Family Newfoundland case for the Revision of Fireside" which went out monthly to the Terms of l. nion. thousands of householders in :"'ewfound­ land, the summer cruises, the books of T h is is the story of Gerald Stanley folk songs, the phonograph records of Doyle. It is als·o the story of the busi-

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~~--~----~--~~--~~.... ~.. ~--~~~ 24 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY The Greenspond Saga

S.S. Iceland a wooden wall o[ other days in Greenspond 1n History, Song and Story

By DR . ROBERT SAUNDERS, J.D. (Dr. Juris) Graduate of Boston, New York, Columbia, Rutgers and Iowa State Universities, the College of Law of St. Paul and Minneapolis. Diploma in International Affairs, U niversity of Minnesota.

ISELY the great Cicero has said:- "Not to know It was in the 1870's that attention was fi rst drawn Wthe events which happened before one was born, to the advantages of some northen po rt as a rendezvous that is to remain always a boy." True, it is too, as late for the expanding fleet then changing over from sa il Poet Laureate, Robert Bridges has reminded us that to steam. It was settled on Greenspond- t he back of Greensp ond, like many other places, is subject to great the island beyond Partridge Island- down Pool's Island changes thus:- Way" as a sure and safe place for the expanding steam sealing fleet. "We sail a changeful sea through halycon days and storm, and when the ship laboureth our stead­ This significant petition, given below, was a great fast purpose Trembles like a compass in a binnacle." boost to Greenspond in those days. It was petitioned: To the Honourable, the Legislative Council, Council There are people who long to go back to the "Good in Sess ion Convened. old days." There are those too who see in change the seeds of decay. One man writing once of Greens­ The undersigned merchants ship-ow ners, ship­ pond, observed: "There will never be any horses in masters and fishermen of Conception Bay. this place." True it was, Greenspond never saw a Humbly Sheweth:- horse; but Greenspond homes today in this "changeful " ... Your Memorialists, would further state that world" has its Television sets, its radio, trucks and the particular formation of Conception Bay, being so motor car. Not in every household it is true, but in exposed and open to the prevailing winds from the many. I quote briefly from a Pioneer Poem thus: North and North-East at that season of the year renders the getting to sea ... a very precarious and "This day is but a dawning of a greater day uncertain undertaking ... " Whose rising had to be in years beyond their "No so with the Port of St. John's, or some more sight, Its twilight shall take place in times still far away, favored Northern Ports, their situation so cl ose to And no man living now shall stay to see its night." the sea-board requires but the least opening and "We reap the harvest which their pioneer hopes vessels are enabled to proceed to se a." have sown, Signed by John Munn & Co. (leading the list) and And live •their shining dreams to have a better many others including the Bartletts. life, Dated: Harbour Grace, Jan. 23- 1879. Yet each day proves we cannot live by bread This petition gave Greenspond its once " Palmy alone, days." In 1911 out of a total of fourteen sealers to the But must have nourishment from faith to bear our front, nine sailed from Pool's Island and two from strife." Wesleyville; but there was only one Greenspond Cap­ In our past articles we have ended the transportation tain. (assembly 1911 ). The primary of com modores to and from Greenspond near up to the close of the had passed to "down the shore." Some y ears later 19th century. These were decades of opening up and (1917) out of eleven to the front, nine sai led from expanding. Pool's Island and the other two from Wesleyvil le, but for that particular year no Greenspond Captain. The Among these past decades one can see the tragic editor of this Magazine very kindly sent me in 1957, a days of the seal hunt. Tragedy went hand in hand Greenspond clipping from a local paper of March that with the glorious expansion in the nineteenth century. year. The headline says: Greenspond became a greater "Pond" as a rendezvous "Fewer berths to the ice; Less men from Greenspond. of the sealing fleet; then its passing away as if a dream. From the time when most of the "Wooden Walls", Even its favored position didn't save it in the rise and used to proceed to Greenspond to make their depar­ fall of a great industry. ture, to the present time there have been sealers THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY 25

The Lawrence Newfoundland Co., Ltd.

WHOLESALE PAPER DEALERS SINCE 1898

Dl RECT IMPORTERS and MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS

• Wrapping Paper • Twines and Bags • Cellophane Wrappers and Bags • Paper Cups and Plates • Egg Cartons and Trays • Stationery and School Supplies • Paper Cutters • Counter Check Books • Calendars, Etc. NEW LOCATION: 209-211 DUCKWORTH ST. Here is a model o( a Greenspond sealing vessel a century ago. 1r. William Coward built this model of a ship P. 0. BOX E-5044 he once sailed in. Mr. Coward passed away 42 years ago in Greenspond. St. John's, New foundland Dial 86288 or 87636

going to the icefield each year from Greenspond. With the yearly decline of the seal-fishery there has been quite a reduction in the number of sealers to an all-time low this year. Those who are going include Captain Gus Carter, master of Bowrings Terra Nova . .. The sealers trav­ DUNLOP elled by snowmobile from Badger's Quay to Benton and by train to St. John's. Greenspond has boasted PRODUCTS of a great line of seafarers, and captains down through the years." (The dispatch then mentions Captain Peter Carter since passed off the scene, and Ill • RU BBER BELTING to whom a back number of this magazine has an obituary notice in connection with the "Greenspond • WATER, STEAM & AIR HOSE Saga.") In the early days Captain Carter went to the ice Ill • VEE BELTS with Captain W. Winsor. Later Captain Carter com­ manded the Beothic and Ungava ... and brought in the heaviest load so far ever landed one trip" (in STERNSON PRODUCTS the Ungava)". CONCRETE ACCELERATORS True we can say again with Robert Bridges, Poet WATER PROOFERS Laureate: We sail a Changeful sea." HARDENERS So the petition from Conception Bay brought Greens­ pond "to the front" and gave it its once "Palmy days." BONDING AGENTS But in the evolution of trade what is the value today of that slrategic? WM. NOSW O RTHY If we insist on the special virtues of the "Good Old Days", e :; pecially the sea-faring life and transportation LIMITED let us lot>k at a Spring to the Seal Hunt with a couple of Greenspond CCl.ptains. P. 0. BOX 1058 ST. JOHN'S The Diana captained by a Blandford and carried 153 men just half a century ago, towed in the Bloodhound DIAL 85126 w ith the main shaft broken. The Diana, herself had 6,682 seals and the men shared $ 24 .20 each. The 26 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY

THE GREENSPOND SAGA (Continued) "This has been an exceptionally hard spring and almost impossible for the steamers to get through the Vanguard, Captain Darius Blandford with 7,000 seals ice." (This was 1908). Of the twenty steamers out ~ on board was abandoned in a sinking condition on cannot say how many were captained by Greenspond April 12. The crew were taken off by Captain Bishop men; but the majority sailed out of Pool's Island. How­ of the Algerine (assembly 191 0). ever the Panther was lost March 22nd. the Walrus lost The crews of the Panther and Walrus were taken on April 3rd, and Grand Lake lost April 4th (assembly board the Aurora, Southern Cross, Iceland, Neptune 1909). The tragedy in these cases of "the good old and Terra Nova. The Erik and Algerine also took over days" was that the men had to be sent home at Gov­ some of the crews. The Grand Lake referred to as "one ernment expense. They in most cases, lost every­ of the best of the Sealing Fleet," went down to the bot­ thing; but "what they stood in." These were the so­ tom with 19,600 young seals on board. The men were called "good old days." left pennyless with this disaster and the owners had to write off the men's outfit of about $10.00, each as Let us look at another transportation problem and "Bad debt." (see picture here of the Iceland in Greens­ communications by telegraph and the hardships in­ pond about 1900). The official report says: volved, as long ago as 1884 we read from the House STAN FOWLER INSURANCE AGENCIES- C.O.T.C. BLDG. REPRESENTING THE FOLLOWING COMPANIES: • AMERICAN NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE CO., NEW YORK • HARTFORD FIRE INSURANCE CO. • HARTFORD ACCIDENT AND INDEMNITY CO. • THE LONDON AND PROVINCIAL UNDERWRITERS AGENCY OF THE YORKSHIRE INSURANCE CO. LTD . • NIAGARA (DETROIT) FIRE INSURANCE CO. 130 WATER ST. P. 0. BOX 'E-5342 DIAL 85531 RES. 80330

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The more modern ferry boat The "Clinker-built boat" for pleasure transport in of Assembly Proceedings of 2nd of April that year, a Greenspond report reading:- "The growing importance and the external rela­ tions of the Northern Districts demand more fre­ quent opportunities for intercourse with the Metro­ polis and with one another . . . recommends a Weekly mail over the entire route (assembly 1884). This recommendation came about, no doubt, from frequent urgings; for we read in the Assembly of 1879 a petition:- "By Dr. Skelton (one of the representatives for the Bay) from John C. Do:11iny and others of Greens­ pond, etc ... praying for the establishment of Steam communication in Bonavista Bay." The Telegraph system also came in for some atten­ tion, for we read in the Assembly for April 18th 1884: The Trading Schooner in Greenspond Harbour "May it please Your Excellency: House of Assembly considered the extension of Telegraph Communication to Greenspond etc ... request that Your Excellency But what price was paid in human effort and hard­ will be pleased to cause such lines of Telegraph to be ships to set up that system and keep it in working constructed ... as may attain these objects." order in the "good old days"? On this we take one On the 21st of same month the following can be sample of a report on the "Northern Mail Route." noted: "The great cause of complaint, however, is the Mr. Speaker, The Legislative Council acquaint the smallness of the tilts and their miserable construc­ House of Assembly that they concur in, and have pass­ tion, either the mails or men must lay out under the ed, the address sent from the House ... on the subject weather, as there is not, properly speaking, suffici­ of the extension of Telegraphic communication to ent room for either. They have been compelled to Greenspond, etc., etc. cut wood and boughs to make a covering for the

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mails, and then are cramped for want of room in the tilt for themselves" (assembly 1885). These were the days when self-sacrificing men, with little pay indeed, were the pioneers for the more mod­ ern system enjoyed today. One sample will suffice! Soon after the Telegraph lines were finished it was found that the system required regular maintenance men. A branch of the Saunders family of Greenspond had settled in Gambo. One of them, by name George Saunders, was then responsible for keeping the Tele­ graph line in good working condition from Gambo to Greenspond and even further down the shore. This whole distance of 30 to 50 miles was then, at the open­ ing of this century, a trackless wilderness. This man responsible for the maintenance had to travel the dis­ tance on foot- repairing as he moved on. When he, at last, found his way to Greenspond he was just about ready to drop down in sleep. My mother then a widow with a flock of ch ildren around her- however had a place for him on a blanket on the floor right in front of the open f ire-place burning all night. There was some anxiety in the house, for the blankets might take fire from the open grate fire. But he got up in the morning, had his breakfast and moved on further down towards the "Cape," (see pictures here). (1) The clinker-built boat for pleasure transport to the " Main" up the Bay, down the shore etc. The Dic­ t ionary says of this "Clinker-built" boat that "having the external planks or metal plates put on so that one edge of each overlaps the edge of the plank next to it." This boat in Greenspond w~s a mark of luxury. Half a century ago Greenspond was endowed with quiie a few families who had leisure for pleasure boat­ ing. (2) The trading schooner of other days at rest in the harbour. The Jail and Magistrate's home can be seen in the background. (3) The Iceland, mentioned in the text is shown here in the harbour. (4) The ferry boat for more modern transport is here coming from Gambo to Greenspond. Thanks are due Mrs. Thomas Hunt Jr., Ralph Wright and W. J. Dewey Esq for these splendid pictures. (To be continued)

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EARLY HISTORY · OF HARBOUR GRACE

By MRS. MAY DAVIS

In June 1849, the ship "G lide'' lcfL Express Packet . . \ nd1cw llrysdale this port (or !'Jew York with l9 persons to and from Portugal Co\e e\el ) second abcrard. Thi is rccordc.d as the first da) fo1 each wt'ek. instance of an immigrant lcadng Con­ Launched Arabella T;~.rget. Michael ception Bay. The gt·eater number of Kearne), builder, B1 ig. rigged, copper them went to ettle in vVisconsin and fastened, beautiful figure head full length other l ' -S .A. place two famil y names are caned by Robert~on of Li,erpool Length gi\ en as John Hayward and family and on deck 12 ft. breadth midship 23 ft., Ed Pynn and fanlily. D epth hold 13 ft. 183 new, 239 old mea­ ln the )Car of 1849, a meeting was sul·ements. Launched across street. Chris­ held at the Harbour Crace Court Hous tened by John :\ f unn and named afler fO... for the purpose of fo t'ming a Total Ab­ the amiable la.d) of \\'illiam Target. Temperance Band pre. ent. • stinence Society John Munn became its first pt·esident and two members men· The .--\ t·abella Target i~ without doubt tioned are Pinsent and Roddick. a beautiful ,e,~el built in this country. ;'\ fan-ied on J ul)' l.J.t,h 1849 at Liver­ Flags on all the principal mer antilc pool, England; Capt. M u nden of Brigus pn:m ises. lO ;'\fary Julia Henley of ::--Jewton . For sale or to Let. Premises at King's I t is a lso recored that }Car that John CO\e belonging to estate of J. J . Me· Bingley Garland sol clout exten ive pro· Bl"iare. perry consisting of 2 blocks of stores and Bl"ig ;-.Jaomi arri\ ed 17 days from , 'ew a t ;-.Jew Perlican later occupied by Rem· York. i•.ters at Scilly Cove ' Vintenon, rooms and Lady l')nn tecentl) buried at Chell· plantation and at Trinity (!'lonh • lie) cnham England - a nati'e of this dis­ Bona' ista an.cl Green pond. trict, is not of this very town widow of 'li1· Henry Pynn who fought at " ' aterloo. Apply to: Ceo. T. Brooking, G. C. Gaden, Sheriff of :'-/Ol'lhem Dis- Francis Hepburn , Trinit), 1 riel. Edwin Duder, Greenspond. ;-.Ji holas Molloy \LD., M .JI.A. of HART SHOES like all other Brigus. Died at t. Hel-iet·, Jeney, of Cholera, quality goods from the Gilbert H. Harrison Esg. aged 38. Prin­ cipal of Extension of the firm of Ridley ROYAL STORES LTD. & Son. are UNCONDJTIONALL Y For sale Premises of Cadxmcar Estate T H E P OSTMAN KNOCKS of S. 0. Pack late!) occupied by Gosse, (Continued from page H) Guaranteed. Pack Fr)Cr House, watcr\idc exten. ion be the H'r) least we could do for those Lime Kiln on North side of the main who were- t reel. "Tall men, sun-crowned, who Jive above Recorded that thirt) years before. S11n· the fog in public duty, and in pri,ate da)' and Mondays were alike. on mer­ thinking."' chanLs' premises. etc. It was Mr. Valen­ i\fen and women whom we know- tine agent for Kemrp & Co. who made the " ... the lust of office docs not kill: firs t stand against this nefarious practice Men whom the spoils of office cannot of working on Sundays. Mr. Valentine, a buy." \\'esleyan :\ fethodist, made it his business In this way we would pre erve the to put down this descration of tJte Sab­ memory of those whose "name liYeth for ROYAL bath thereby slitTing up a real ne 1 of e,·cm1ore. for the) indeed knew "A good homets and drawing the derissi ,·e and name is rather to be chosen than great ridicule on himself and his principals. riches." ahout to be di. patched to catch an early l t may be that your subscriber might STORES \fany a derisive cheer was gi,en at his willingly engage in a poll on a roster of expense as a last harrow of fish wa. the famous sons and daughters of New­ market. foundland. Possibly a special price might Died December 18-19, Franc-i-s Rowan an be set before publication and orders LTD. innkeeper aged 76. taken so that the \enture could be under­ Dec. 1849. Punton & \funn's new ,·esscl written. "Your House for Value" .\rabella Target launched from the .ame \ \' ith e\ery wish for the uccess of such 'tocks as the aomi. an un

:-.low appears upon the screen They arrived back in Garnish, 'twa~ get- One grand view that stands supreme ting quite late, . Over all that l have seen They pulled up thei•· dmy by Bill Cluett s In the dells. gate, C hristmas trees a glow of light: Then jumped in their ca r. and turned Child1·en shc ut:ng with delight: on the lights "Santa Claus will come tonight ," And fled through that vi llage with all of 'Mid the bells. their might.

Ring out, oh, bells, ring merrily; :'-low take my advice and go home with Ring joyful bets across the sea. your picks Your sounds are sweet and dear to me Or they will be stolen, then )Ou'll be in While you ring. a fix, Oh, Christmas bells, join in the birth, Let the fairies all rest. that their SpiriLo; Proclaim anew the Saviour's birth; may rove, Goodwill to men and peace on earth For there's nothing but beach rocks in Angels ing. Doughball Brook Cove. THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY 31

_A cl£ttfe Praljer By LEON SCOTT PARSONS By S. E. KISER Shrouded in the mystic twilight glow, '"That best portion o[ a good m an's life, The evening shadows, pale and low, His little, nameless, unremembered acts Immortal monuments of time, Of kindness and of love." And mortal man's unceasing climb, - '\'ordswonh. The heritage of ancient races That I may not in blimlness grope, That sprung upon the dusty wastes But that I mav with l'ision clear Of sand and desert barren soil, Know when to !>peak a word of hope The prcduct of an endless toil Or add a little wholesome cheer. And search for life without the pain And bitter strife that slowly drain, That tempered winds may softly blow From that dark cup whence spr:ngs the ·where little children. th:nty clad, joy Sit dreaming, when the flame is low, And breathless spring, and leap to fly Of com [orL5 they have neve t· had. The airless corridors of space And find a grander resting place, That through the year which li es ahead The dregs of life unceasingly :-./o heart shall ache, no cheek be wet, And shape and mold humanity, For any word that I have said These brittle bones and skeltoned shape Or profit I have tried to get. That with a mocking gaze does gape, Long buried in the shifting sand, RevGa l the histor of man.

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VIEWS FROM THE CROW s NEST By LARBOARD WATCH ln my col I eel ion of l>ooks on :\Tcw ­ "Tl1c Far Norbh'' tells the story of two ernment Expedition to Hudson Bay and fouudland and Labrador l ha' c several years of adventure in the Arctic Regions, the Ar Lie Islands on board the D.G.S. volumes on Arctic explorations awl 1 an adventure which included conflict Neptune, 1903-1904. The 1·eport was am alwa)S on tJ1e waLOh for more, and with ice-floes, patient waiting through prepared by Mr. A. P·. Low, B.So., these are works that I prize very higih­ two winter seasons for the end of the F.R.G.S., the officer in charge. The ly, and to which I LUrn again and aga·in long Arctic night, of escape from the ship was commanded by Capt S. ·w. and always find them fresh and in­ ice-bound brig in Rensselaer Harbour, Bartlett. vigoTating. and a hazardous journey south to Up­ The expedition set out from St. J ohn's T 1he fir t item of this kind that I pernavic. From thence they took pas­ on the 23rd of Augu t. 1903 and win­ picked up is a little volume entitled sage in a Dani·sh vessel to Godhavn wJ1ere tered at Fullerton Harl.>our in Hudson's "The l' ar North". lL is an epitome of they boarded an American Slhip and so Ba y. T1he following summer they cruised "Arctic Exploratio ns" which is tbe of­ returned to their homes - not all, how­ north to Cocked Hat Island in Smith ficial account of the Second Grinnell ever, for some of the number had fallen Sound, tJhen to Beechy Island in Lan­ Expedition that went to search for Sir by the way. Be ides the epitomised edi­ caster Sound, then back to Fullerton John FrankLin. This expedition, with tion I have al o the original unabridged Harbour, and from 1Jhence returned to Dr. Eli ha Kent Kane, M.D., U.S.N. in narrative of_ this expedition in two vol­ .Newfoundland. The story of rhe move­ command, set out from New York on umes-. These are in exoellent condition ments of this expedition and the ad­ the 30th of l\fay, 1853, and made their and contain numerous illustration many where, the title page of which bears the first stop at St. John's after eighteen of which are full page engravings of ventures met with are rold in the first days. They returned to the nited typical Arctic scenery. !nee chapers of be book, the other eight Saes in 1855. One day in a second hand furniture chapters contain tthe scientific repo·rt. Dr. Kane, was a remarkable man, He store on Queen St. Toronto, I searched on History, Arctic Islands, Eskimos, Geo­ explored in several countries including through a pile of dusty old l.>ooks and logy, 'Whaling and Navigation of Hudson India, Egypt, Mexico and uhe Arctic, felt amply dewarded when I discovered Ba . The book is attractively bound, yet, when he died at Havannah in 1857, a copy of "'Dhe Cruise of the :\Teptune", and carries a large map in a pocket he was only thirty-five years of age. being the report on the Dominion Gov- on the back cover. Also it contains a

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Write us direct .for price list and information. Orders filled from stock ·KOCH SHOES L.IMITED day after received. HARBOUR GRACE NEWFOUNDLAND THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY 33 lat·ge number of interesting illustrations. The Karluck set out from Esquimault In this connection I might mention an­ on the 7th of Jw1e, 1913. In eptember, other volume Lhat I picked up some­ the ship being then to the ea t of Point following information: "Arctic Explora­ Barow. Stefanson left the Karluk to tions and Discoveries during the nine­ make a journey to the island. Stefanson teenth century, being detailed accounts ne\er saw the Karluk again. Soon after of the se\eral expeditions to the north he left the ship a storm arose and start­ seas, bouh. English and American, in­ ed her on her long drift across the cluding the first Grinnell Expedition, and At·ctic Ocean. About four months later, the final report of Dr. E. K. Kane in on the I l th of January, 1914, crushed seat·c h of Sir John Franklin. Thi work by the heavy ice, she went to the bottom was edited by Samuel M. Smucker, A.M., in thirty-eight fathoms of water. She and puhlished in 1857. It contains ac­ sank '·wih the blue Canadian Government count.s of voyages of ir John Ross to ensign at her main-topmast-hea.d blowing Hudson's Bay in 1818: Buchan and out straigJht and cutting the water as Franklin to SpitzLJbergen in 1818, Frank­ it disappeared, and the victrola in Lhe lin' [irst land expedition 1819-1821; galley sending out the strains of Chopin's Parry's fir t voyage 1819-20; Parry' Funeral March." Captain Bartlett add , . econd voyage 1821 -23; Claverings voyage ·'As s.he took the final plunge, I sared my to Spitzbergen and Green land 1 823; head and said, ''Aidos Karluk!" Lyon's voyage; Part') 's third ,·oyage I 82-t- One panty from the Sih ipwrecked crew 2Fi; Franklin's second land expedition on their own initiative set out to reach 182:5-26; 13eeche)' voyage to Behring the coast of iberia. They were never Strait 1825-26, Parry's VO)age 1827: Ross seen or heard of again. The rest of the in the Victory l 829-33; Back ·s long voy­ hip's company went ashore on \Vrangel age in search of Ro . 1833-34; Back's Island and waited rescue while Captain voyage in Hudson's Strait 1836; Dease Bartlett made the journey to the Siber­ and Simpson on the coa t of Arctic ian coast, thence to East Cape and across .-\merica 1836-39; Rae's land expedition the Behring Strait to Alaska, where he 18 ~6-47; Franklin's last expedition 1845- arrived on the 28th of May. Those left 51; Ro ·s and Bird in search of Franklin on \Vrangel I land were rescued in Sep­ MORE I 848-49; Collinson and M 'Ciu re 1850; tember, that is those who were st,ill Pullen boat expediLions I -1-8-51; Voyage ali,·e - three had died on the I land. of Lady Franklin with Commander Penny; To all who have a taste for adventure, SM/LEAGE Captain Austin 1850-51: Sir John Ross and those who may be wondering what 1850-51; Lieut. De Haven I 850-5 I ; Re­ to read next, I heartily recommend the e markable voyage of the hip Prince Albert books of At·ctic Exploration. FOR YOUR MONEY under Captain Forsyth to Regent Inlet ln the article that appeared in the 1850; Grinnell Expedition under Lieut. June number the sense was not quite YOU' LL Ll Kl· Ill DeHaven 1850-51; Inglefield in search for clear in one or two place. due to a DELICIOUS Franklin 1852; Lieut. Sherard Osburn little misunderstanding between the 1850-5 1; Boat ,·oyage in search of Frank­ printer and me. In the second column, tJRANtiE FLAVtl. lin b) Sir John Richardson 1851; v\'il­ under appendix F. the readet· found this: liam Kenned) in search of Franklyn "but as a welwiller to your mate and 81511 I 853; Second Grinnell Expedition by Dr. my Colllrie." \\'hat it· Humphrey en­ Kane. Truly a long li t, but this is b) bert meant to say wa~ , but as a welwiller HILP YOURSILP TO no means all that could be mentioned 10 your Majest} and my Country. He if we were to bring the record of Arctic wrote it thus, at least this is how it explorations up to date. is quoted by Rogers, "but as a welwiller I am glad to have in my collection to yor .\:fatie and 111) Contrie." The a copy of "The Last Voyage of the pt·i nter evidently thought that the small Karluks". being an account of the ad­ letters were written in by me as a kind venltlre of the Stefansson Canadian Arc­ of proof-reader's correction. I included lie expedition of 1913-16, as related by these quotations, as I stated, as samples of Capt. A. Bartlett, :\!faster of the Karluk, quaint expressions and spelling. and set down by Ralph T. Hale. This The at·ctic regions present such an book contains 329 pages of large clear inviting field for exploration during these t)pe, and more than twenty-five illustra­ warm summer days that we feel constrain­ BOTTLED BY tions. In the story one finds included ed to prolong out· visit in those pat·ts. all t'he thrilling feature of Arctic ex­ I have just read a most interesting BROWNING ploration - storm, month of drifting, book about the ~onh by Julian Bilby, shipwreck, perilous joumeys O\er ice- F.R.G.S. It is entitled "Among Unknown floes and along a barren coast the long Eskimo" and was published in 1933. This HARVEY tediou wait of the hipwrecked party work contains 270 pages of large clear LIMITED on \Vrangel Island, and rescue in the type and thirty-three illustrations, many St. John's Corner Brook nick of time. of them heing full page photographs. 34 THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY

There is also a map of Baffin Land, and I heartily recommend this book to any so-called brill-iancy of style. we feel that an appendix giving a formidable list of who are looking for something intere5t­ the medium has been clear glass rather names of Eskimo Dieties. In our last art­ ing to read, and especially to those who than a stained-glass window, and, after icle we were talking about gooks which might be seeking reliable information all, is not this guaJity of clearness one of describe the advantures of parties wJw on the life in the Arctics. the most de irable excellencie· of st}le. were engaged in geographical discovery. The au thm is evidently an Englishman, \Veil, friend Eskimo, having made you r \Ve now come to a different class of work. is a Fellow of the Royal Geographical acquaintance we are not so much inclined In these we have the accotmts of individ­ Society and a member of the Folk Lore to pity you as one who has been aband­ uals who have gone to the Arctic, not to Society. His book is the fruit of twelve oned by a oruel fate on a bleak and discover the Nonh-\Vest Passage to India, years, as he says, "of intimate relations inhospitable shore. pite of all the bnt to study the life of the inhabitants w. i~h the primitive E kimo of ice-bound things you lack you are evidently much of the arctic regions. It is true tJhat in Baffin Land." To which we can add, after happier than multitudes of those who the records of ll1e explorers we may find reading the book, that the author was enjoy the advantages of our temperate glimpses of Eskimo life and customs, but peculiarly qualified for the task he under­ zones and advanced civiJizat~. But I in this work by Bilby we ha\·e an intimate took. B~ the sympathetic understanding must resist the temptation o£ p hiloso­ picture of all phases of their life. ·we with which he viewed and described the phise and make disparaging remarks are made acquainted not only with the Eskimo and his ways he has done a valu­ about our modern civi l,i7.ation, and rather foPbidding country where they have their able service both to us and the people proceed to omething more practical home life, social customs, methods of of Baffin Land. He has done much to while I describe another bok of personal obtaining a living, religious beliefs and b~ing about in us a just and Christian imprestions of the Arctic and the people individual characteri<>tics.. The follow­ attitude toward our arctic neighbours. \\'e still anoLher book that I am pleased to ing headings of the eighteen chapters of were especially pleased to find that Mr. possess. Mr. Bilby's book will show what one may its wa)S merely as a background for a The book, entitled, "On Greenland's expect to find in its page. "The Voyage Bilby did not present the North and Closed Shore" is by Wiss Isobel \Vy li e to the Arctic, Baffin Land, Arctic Flora picture of the author in heroic pose. He Hutchison, and was published in 1930. and Fauna. The Eskimo, The Building has genemusly given us his pages to his T 'he author, a Scotc·h lassie, after ur­ of the Village, The Sealing Grounds, subject without drawing attention to mounting with great perseverance the \ Vomanhood in the Arctics, Clothing, himself, adn for this we are grateful. difficulties that stood in the way of gain­ Boat Building, Eskimo Dogs, Tribal Life, A Iso it can be said that when we have ing permission to visit Greenland set The Eskimo Language, Legends, The finished his book we feel that we have out for that country from Denmark on Conjurors, The Sedna Ceremony, The enjoyed an exceedingly clear picture of the Danish vessel Gertrud R ask. She Native Surgeon, Sport and Hunting, The the Arctic and iL~ people: that our at­ went ostensibly as a botanist, and her re­ Creatures of the \\'ild." tention has not been diverted by any marks on the flora of the country are

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\cry interesting to any who may be cur­ long night's vigil. Everyone is on deck, so much is the little elfin man part and ious to know of what plants Greenland all on the tiptoe of expectation for our parcel of his boat that he is hoisted up can produce but the bulk of the stories first sight of a Greenlander in his kayak. by ropes, kayak and al l, on to the bows about people rather than flowers. In its Though the mi&t of the siren repeatedly of the ve el, and is presently to the be pages i found a very intimate and most calls him. For long we remain watching, seen on the bridge in blue blouse and entertaining account of the incidents of shivering in the icy dawn, seeing only cloth cap, the smoke from one of the daily life in Greenland. The picture the icebergs. It is the practised eye of captain's large cigars pouring from his differs considerably from that presented cline that catches sight of him first. lips as if he were the veriCS

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THE NFLD. POLICE FORCE (Continued from Page 35 ) bPight metal buttons replacing the black ones, the absence of braids and cords and .;)7 and wa · later replaced by the .303 The o ld b uildings were replaced by the substitution of double breasted tail­ :\lartini and later b) the Enfield new ones, a modern barracks, a drill hall ored great-coats in place of the old, it Black helmets, white helmets, forage and a new concrete fire hall were built. now only remote!) resembles the ·uniforms cap and fur cap,, boots, rubber , capes :\ new law enforcement body named of the Royal Irish Cons tabular) ft-om and great coats were pan of is ue. the .:\fewfoundland Rangers was organ­ which it wa patt.~ rned. H owever as John Sullivan, a nati\e of Trinity, was ized and took over the policing of some former! the Con tabulary retained the appointed Inspector General of Police of the outpot·ts. practice of ceremonial parades e.g. the and Chief of the Fire Department, in :vrr. o·~eill died in December 1944. opening and closing of the Legislature January J909 • at the age of 63 years. Llewellyn Strange, who had risen from and of the Supreme Coun. He was retired in 1917 and died the fol­ the ranks to Asst. Chief under Mr. 0 ':-leill lowing year. was appointed Chief of Po li ce and the (To be continued) Oharles H . Hutchings. K.C. born at Fire Department in January 19·!5. NOTE-Pictures of Police Chiefs will St. John's in l8.i9, was appointed In­ The recon truction pmgram at Fort appear in next issue. spector General and Chief of the Fire Town:hend was still carried on. The Dcpal'lment in September 1917. It was Old Barracks were demolished, new during his In pecto1·sh ip that the fire dwelling houses were erected, so that Department was motorized and brought part of o ne building and the once bomb By MARJE HETTERNA up to date with first class equipment. proof s-helter~ are all that remains. It is morn. 1\f r. Hutchings retired in October 1934 . The Constabulary itself began lO grow .\nd snow is drifting from the sky. The office of Inspector General was smalle1. As Ll1e ;\/ewfoundland R anger \\'h ite a nd thin-so white and thin. abolished at hi retirement and his suc­ Force grew, it took over from the Con­ Yet very, very real. cessor was appointed Chief of Police. stabulary until in 1950 all that remained Durin-g the administration of Mr. to the o ld force, out. ide t he A ,·aJon Pen­ 1\Iy breath is a mist) swirl Hutchings ~ome of the old buildngs at insula, were a half dozen of the larger ,\ gainst the chill stillness Fort Town,hend were Lorn down. towns, and with the advent of Con­ The trees are purple skeletons­ Patrick J. o·~eill. Superintendent of federation and the application of l'he Standing. Police under Inspector General Hutch­ Criminal Code of Canada. The snow is \ Cl") quiet­ i ngs. was appointed Chief of Police and The jurisdictions of the Constabulaq Thin and ghostlike; the Fire Department in 193l. The Police wa~ confined to the city of St. John'. Wafted Force was now about 300 strong and at its The unifo11m of the Constabulary has Thorugh peak of efficiency. undergone several changes, until, witJ1 T he hoLen stillness of the morning.

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