DOCSLIB.ORG

Thryonomys Swinderianus – Greater Cane Rat

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thryonomys Swinderianus – Greater Cane Rat Thryonomys swinderianus – Greater Cane Rat and because there are no major threats that would cause population decline. It has also become more common in urban areas and is regularly encountered in and on the edge of large cities and towns such as Pretoria, Johannesburg, Welkom and Kroonstad. No conservation interventions are necessary at present. Conversely, its spread along the Vaal and Orange River systems must be monitored as control operations may be necessary if research proves that they exacerbate ecosystem degradation. The consumption of this species as bushmeat or from captive-bred sources implies that it could potentially be utilised sustainably as a source of low- carbon protein for rural communities. Its occurrence in the John Power central Free State today (e.g. around the Welkom mine dams) has been attributed to direct human import as a protein source. Regional Red List status (2016) Least Concern Regional population effects: Limited dispersal possibly National Red List status (2004) Least Concern occurs between Zimbabwe, Mozambique and South Reasons for change No change Africa, especially through Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park. While there are some local movements, the Global Red List status (2016) Least Concern availability of suitable habitat may restrict movement. TOPS listing (NEMBA) (2007) None Within their natural/historical distribution area they are common, but specialized in their habitat requirement; in CITES listing None the Free State they are less common, but their infiltration Endemic No since the early 1980s has followed along a number of rivers. Populations are connected via reed bed-fringed The Greater Cane Rat is not only a rivers. In the Kruger National Park their mapped valuable protein source, but also notorious as a distribution is along all the rivers. This most likely pest species that is slowly expanding its range in continues along the east-flowing rivers into Mozambique. South Africa (van der Merwe & Avenant 2004). There are also suitable habitats that would connect The species gets its name from regularly populations in Mozambique to those in the KwaZulu-Natal inhabiting sugar cane fields and reeds in Province. There is a low likelihood that Zimbabwe can agricultural areas. serve as a source population, as the Limpopo River does not offer suitable habitat for this species. Distribution Taxonomy This species is widely distributed throughout the moister parts of sub-Saharan Africa, avoiding only deserts, dry Thryonomys swinderianus (Temminck 1827) savannahs and the interior of rainforests (Monadjem et al. ANIMALIA - CHORDATA - MAMMALIA - RODENTIA - 2015). However, its distribution is patchy and THRYONOMYIDAE - Thryonomys - swinderianus discontinuous and they only occur where there is suitable habitat (Smithers 1983; van der Merwe & Avenant 2004; Common names: Greater Cane Rat (English), Skinner & Chimimba 2005). Within the assessment region, Grootrietrot, Rietrot (Afrikaans), Tswidi (Sesotho), it occurs from the Grahamstown District in the Eastern Sepoopoo, Letswidi, Lebodi, Tlhêkgê (Setswana), Livondo Cape Province through KwaZulu-Natal, into Mpumalanga, (Swati), Nhleti (Tsonga), Tshedzi (Venda), Ivondwe (Zulu) and then its distribution arcs westwards across the central Taxonomic status: Species parts of the Limpopo and North West provinces (Rautenbach 1978; Skinner & Chimimba 2005; Power Taxonomic notes: No subspecies are currently 2014) and, since the 1980s, also in Gauteng and the Free recognised (Monadjem et al. 2015). State (Figure 1; van der Merwe & Avenant 2004). The species occurs in the Albany Thicket, Savannah, Indian Ocean Coastal Belt and Grassland biomes (Mucina & Assessment Rationale Rutherford 2006), where it is confined to reed beds along Listed as Least Concern because of its wide distribution drainage lines and rivers. within the assessment region, its documented range expansion and continuous expansion into large parts of The western parts of its range are expanding. The most the Free State and North West provinces, its tolerance of westerly records are from the Barberspan area in North habitat modification and ability to thrive in agricultural West Province (Power 2014) and the pans to the west of landscapes, its occurrence in numerous protected areas, Bultfontein in the Free State Province (N.L. Avenant unpubl. data), which is congruent with a general westward Recommended citation: Avenant NL, Power J, MacFadyen D, Child MF. 2016. A conservation assessment of Thryonomys swinderianus. In Child MF, Roxburgh L, Do Linh San E, Raimondo D, Davies-Mostert HT, editors. The Red List of Mammals of South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho. South African National Biodiversity Institute and Endangered Wildlife Trust, South Africa. The Red List of Mammals of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland Thryonomys swinderianus | 1 Figure 1. Distribution records for Greater Cane Rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) within the assessment region Table 1. Countries of occurrence within southern Africa breeding species (van der Merwe & Avenant 2004; Power 2014). Recently, they have been observed in the Leeu and Country Presence Origin Caledon Rivers that flow into the Orange River Botswana Extant Native (N.L. Avenant unpubl. data). Similarly, Greater Cane Rats have recently been observed in the Katse Dam area of Lesotho Extant Introduced Lesotho (du Plessis et al. 2014). Further range expansions Mozambique Extant Native are expected in the assessment region as they do adapt Namibia Extant Native well to cleared areas where food and industrial crops are grown, as well as to secondary savannahs formed as a South Africa – Limpopo Province Extant Native result of forest destruction (Jori et al. 1995). As they are South Africa – Mpumalanga Province Extant Native associated with Phragmites spp. reed beds, they will continue to expand along such river courses; even along South Africa – Gauteng Province Extant Introduced ephemeral rivers in the drier interior where dam walls and South Africa – North West Province Extant Native weirs today support this vegetation throughout the wet South Africa – Free State Province Extant Introduced and dry seasons. South Africa – KwaZulu-Natal Province Extant Native While the presence of this species in Limpopo, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal and North West provinces South Africa – Eastern Cape Province Extant Native are natural occurrences, its introduction in the interior Swaziland Extant Native (Free State Province) was most probably through either accidental import from KwaZulu-Natal in sugar cane trains, Zimbabwe Extant Native or by people using them as a source of food (van der Merwe & Avenant 2004). This species is regularly observed at Rietvlei Dam and Faerie Glen Nature Reserve range expansion in the central interior. In the Free State, in Pretoria East, and has been observed as road kill in for instance, they have spread rapidly from east to west other parts of Pretoria and Centurion, Gauteng Province, (first record in 1983) over a distance of 400 km within 20 and has also been recorded in the Phragmites spp. reed years, presumably following rivers and a series of pans beds at Telperion Nature Reserve in Mpumalanga that are, during the wet season, connected by dense Province (D. MacFadyen unpubl. data). It has also been grass and Phragmites spp. reed bed vegetation (van der seen at Punda Maria camp and in the vlei at the Merwe & Avenant 2004). While they were once reported N’washitshumbe enclosure site in northern Kruger not to occur in the Vaal and the Orange River systems National Park (D. MacFadyen pers. obs.). As it is also kept (Rautenbach 1982; Lynch 1983; Smithers 1983), they now as a pet (N.L. Avenant unpubl. data), this can also result in are regularly seen there and along its tributaries, as a its introduction and spread. Supporting this, Greater Cane Thryonomys swinderianus | 2 The Red List of Mammals of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland Rats have been observed being moved around in small Kruger National Park, its distribution is confined to both cages and kept as a food source in pens like chickens, the perennial and seasonal rivers (Pienaar et al. 1987). It such as around mines in the Welkom area (N.L. Avenant has also become more common in urban areas and is pers. obs.). Similarly, Greater Cane Rats may have been regularly encountered in and on the edge of large cities. brought to the Katse area in Lesotho as a sought after and At more than 4.5 kg, Greater Cane Rats are the second easy-to-breed protein source (du Plessis et al. 2014). largest rodents in Africa. They feed on roots, reeds and Once introduced to the wild, they are thought to benefit the stems of grasses along rivers and in other moist areas. from the reed beds close to man-made weirs and dam Grasses eaten include Couch Grass (Cynodon dactylon), walls as well as the decreased natural predator density Swamp Grass (Hemarthria altissima), Elephant Grass and diversity. (Pennisetum purpureum) and Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum). While grasses are their principal food, they raid Population crops (such as maize, millet, sorghum, wheat, and sugar cane) and cause damage by cutting the stems at their This is an increasingly common species within the base with their broad sharp incisors (Skinner & Chimimba assessment region. It is often abundant in agricultural 2005). lands. For example, in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces, it can be common in sugar cane fields. It has Greater Cane Rats are predominantly nocturnal or been observed in relatively high numbers in Punda Maria, crepuscular. They
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Conservation Status of Animal Species Used by Indigenous Traditional Medicine Practitioners in Ogbomoso, Oyo State
    Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research 3(4): 1-8, 2017; Article no.JOCAMR.36018 ISSN: 2456-6276 Conservation Status of Animal Species Used by Indigenous Traditional Medicine Practitioners in Ogbomoso, Oyo State J. Ebele Ajagun 1* and E. Caesar Anyaku 2 1Medicinal Plant Unit, Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. 2Veterinary Unit, Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author JEA designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author ECA took part in the survey, managed the literature searches and contributed to the first draft of the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/JOCAMR/2017/36018 Editor(s): (1) Francisco Cruz-Sosa, Metropolitan Autonomous University Iztapalapa Campus Av. San Rafael Atlixco, Mexico. Reviewers: (1) M. Fawzi Mahomoodally, University of Mauritius, Mauritius. (2) Nwachukwu Francis Chukwuedozie, Nigeria Police Academy, Nigeria. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/21007 Received 8th August 2017 Accepted 7th September 2017 Original Research Article Published 15 th September 2017 ABSTRACT Aim: To document the indigenous knowledge of fauna species used in traditional medicine practices and to establish their conservational status. Study Design: A questionnaire guided survey of the traditional uses of fauna species by the indigenous people of Ogbomoso, Oyo State. Place and Duration of Study: Bioresources Development Centre, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria between March and December, 2016. Methodology: A total of 43 participants were interviewed during the survey and constituted 4 hunters, 19 traditional medicine practitioner (TMP) and 20 trado-herbal traders (THT) as the study population.
    [Show full text]
  • Skills Required by Agricultural Education Graduates in Grass Cutter (Thryonomys Swinderianus) Farming for Self-Employment in Kaduna State, Nigeria
    12+2.4 g a.i./ha, (T10) Weedy. There was no phytotoxicity of any of the herbicide treatments on crop during both Scien the years. The tank-mix or sequential application of herbicides would be a better optional thance their applications ur an lt d u F alone to manage the serious problem of herbicide-resistant P. minor in wheat. ic r o o g d A f R o e l s Journal of Agricultural Science and Food a e a n r r c u h o [5]. The isoproturon resisJ tant affected area is ranged between 0.8 and 1.0 million ha in noISSrth-N:w 2593-917estern 3India, mostly inResearch the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, and other foothill plains areas Research Skills Required by Agricultural Education Graduates in Grass Cutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) Farming for Self-Employment in Kaduna State, Nigeria James Timothy, Amonjenu Anthony *, Agbulu Nicodemus Ochani Department of Vocational Agriculture and Technology Education, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria ABSTRACT Whereas the demand for bush meat consumption is high in Kaduna State of Nigeria, the demand can only be sustained by creating self employment by agricultural graduates who have mastered the skills of grass-cutter farming. This is why this study identified skills required by Agricultural Education Graduates in: planning for Grasscutter farming, housing construction for grasscutter farming and breeding Grasscutter in Kaduna state. Three research questions of what are the skills required by Agricultural Education Graduates in planning for Grasscutter farming, housing construction for Grasscutter farming and breeding Grasscutter in Kaduna state were answered by the study while three null hypotheses were formulated and tested at the 0.05 level of significance.
    [Show full text]
  • Burgeoning and Domestication of Grasscutter (Thryonomys Swinderianus) in a Post-Ebola Era: a Reassessment of Its Prospects and Challenges in Nigeria
    Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 130 (2019) 216-237 EISSN 2392-2192 Burgeoning and Domestication of Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) in a Post-Ebola Era: A Reassessment of its Prospects and Challenges in Nigeria Oluwatosin Ibitoye*, Oluwatobi Kolejo, Gabriel Akinyemi Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria *E-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT Nigeria has been declared free from Ebola, but Nigerians are left with the aftereffect of the experience. The Post Ebola era is the era where the aftereffect of the disease is felt. This era is characterized by a low demand for bushmeat, although the trend may reduce as time goes on. Unfortunately, this is the era where Grasscutter domestication is tipped to be a tool for poverty and unemployment reduction in the country. Nigeria is rich in biodiversity and its natives relish bushmeat. There is practically no ecological zone in Nigeria where this delicacy is not consumed. Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) also known as cane rat, is seen throughout sub-Saharan Africa; its flesh is very popular for domestic consumers but it is scarce and highly priced. Researchers and civil society organizations have fronted the advantages of its domestication and multiplication, but all efforts seem to produce little result since low patronage was recorded. Therefore, this review aims to revisit the prospects associated with Grasscutter domestication in a time like this, also identifying its corresponding challenges. The review also presents Grasscutter farming as a tool for sustainable development in Nigeria. The study identifies good meat quality, ethno-medicinal importance, economical advantages and conservational values as the prospects while diseases, reproductive issues, and nutritional constraints were presented among challenges facing Grasscutter farming in Nigeria.
    [Show full text]
  • The Naked Mole-Rat As an Animal Model in Biomedical Research: Current Perspectives
    Open Access Animal Physiology Dovepress open access to scientific and medical research Open Access Full Text Article REVIEW The naked mole-rat as an animal model in biomedical research: current perspectives Laura-Nadine Schuhmacher Abstract: The naked mole-rat (NMR) is a subterranean rodent that has gained significant Zoé Husson attention from the biomedical research community in recent years as molecular mechanisms Ewan St. John Smith underlying its unusual biology start to be unraveled. With very low external mortality, NMRs have an unusually long lifespan while showing no signs of aging, such as neuro- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK degeneration or cancer. Furthermore, living underground in large colonies (100 to 300 animals), results in comparatively high carbon dioxide and low oxygen levels, from which NMRs have evolved extreme resistance to both hypoxia and hypercapnia. In this paper we have summarized the latest developments in NMR research and its impact on biomedical research, with the aim of providing a sound background that will inform and inspire further For personal use only. investigations. Keywords: naked mole-rat, longevity, cancer, hypoxia, nociception, pain Introduction The naked mole-rat (NMR) (Heterocephalus glaber) is a subterranean mammal, which has recently gained interest from scientists across a variety of research fields. Unlike the majority of mammals, NMRs are poikilothermic and eusocial, ie, are cold-blooded and have a single breeding female within a colony.1 In addition to these features, which have limited biomedical translatability, NMRs have also evolved several physiological adaptations to habituate to their extreme environmental conditions, which have led researchers to study this mammal with the hypothesis Open Access Animal Physiology downloaded from https://www.dovepress.com/ by 131.111.184.102 on 07-Sep-2017 that by understanding the extreme biology of NMRs, more will be understood about normal mammalian physiology.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammals of the Kafa Biosphere Reserve Holger Meinig, Dr Meheretu Yonas, Ondřej Mikula, Mengistu Wale and Abiyu Tadele
    NABU’s Follow-up BiodiversityAssessmentBiosphereEthiopia Reserve, Follow-up NABU’s Kafa the at NABU’s Follow-up Biodiversity Assessment at the Kafa Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia Small- and medium-sized mammals of the Kafa Biosphere Reserve Holger Meinig, Dr Meheretu Yonas, Ondřej Mikula, Mengistu Wale and Abiyu Tadele Table of Contents Small- and medium-sized mammals of the Kafa Biosphere Reserve 130 1. Introduction 132 2. Materials and methods 133 2.1 Study area 133 2.2 Sampling methods 133 2.3 Data analysis 133 3. Results and discussion 134 3.1 Soricomorpha 134 3.2 Rodentia 134 3.3 Records of mammal species other than Soricomorpha or Rodentia 140 4. Evaluation of survey results 143 5. Conclusions and recommendations for conservation and monitoring 143 6. Acknowledgements 143 7. References 144 8. Annex 147 8.1 Tables 147 8.2 Photos 152 NABU’s Follow-up Biodiversity Assessment at the Kafa Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia Small- and medium-sized mammals of the Kafa Biosphere Reserve Holger Meinig, Dr Meheretu Yonas, Ondřej Mikula, Mengistu Wale and Abiyu Tadele 130 SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED MAMMALS Highlights ´ Eight species of rodents and one species of Soricomorpha were found. ´ Five of the rodent species (Tachyoryctes sp.3 sensu (Sumbera et al., 2018)), Lophuromys chrysopus and L. brunneus, Mus (Nannomys) mahomet and Desmomys harringtoni) are Ethiopian endemics. ´ The Ethiopian White-footed Mouse (Stenocephalemys albipes) is nearly endemic; it also occurs in Eritrea. ´ Together with the Ethiopian Vlei Rat (Otomys fortior) and the African Marsh Rat (Dasymys griseifrons) that were collected only during the 2014 survey, seven endemic rodent species are known to occur in the Kafa region, which supports 12% of the known endemic species of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Bushmeat in Nigeria
    UNDERSTANDING URBAN CONSUMPTION OF BUSHMEAT IN NIGERIA Understanding Urban Consumption of Bushmeat in Nigeria January 2021 Summary A growing appetite for bushmeat among urban residents increases the risk of zoonotic disease transmission, and threatens wildlife populations in Nigeria and its surrounding countries. This consumption also overlaps with the illegal trade networks, fueling the trade in protected species like elephants and pangolins. While studies have shown that bushmeat consumption in Nigeria is influenced by a number of factors such as taste, health, and culture, there is little information on the attitudes, awareness, preferences, and reservations of the general public in major cities such as Lagos, Abuja, Port Harcourt, and Calabar. The survey is designed to guide future conservation initiatives by establishing baseline data on attitudes, values, motivations, and behaviors of urban buyers, users, and intended users of bushmeat. WildAid also sought to identify the hotspots of bushmeat purchases while investigating the groups that are most likely to purchase or advocate for the conservation of wildlife in Nigeria. With a better understanding of these influencing factors, multi- stakeholder interventions can ultimately lead to more effective and integrated policies along with permanent behavior change. We sampled 2,000 respondents from September to October 2020 across four major cities in Nigeria using a questionnaire that was sent to mobile phones via their telecommunications carrier. Results found that over 70% of urban Nigerians have consumed bushmeat at some point in their lives, and 45% consumed it within the last year. Taste and flavor are significant factors influencing urban bushmeat consumption, with about 51% of bushmeat consumers indicating that it is one of the primary reasons for their choice.
    [Show full text]
  • Thryonomys Swinderianus, Temmnick)
    ~ Nigerian Veterinary Journal ~ Vol3S (3) 1026·1037 -----ARTIClE------------------------------------------------ Morphometric Study of the Skull of the Greater Cane Rat (Thryonomys swinderianus, Temmnick) OlUDE. M.A.'.'. MUSTAPHA. O.A.".'. SONUBI. A.C.'. FALADE. lE.'. OGUNBUNMI. lK.'. ADEBAYO. A.O.',' and AKINlOYE. AK ' 'Department of Vetennary Anatomy. Coltege of Veterinary Medicine, Federat University of Agricutture. AIleokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, 'Department of Veterinary Anatomy, FaCIlity of Veterinary Medicine, University of lbadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 'Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology. FaC1JJtyofVeterinary Medicine. University of tbadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. 'Corresponding author Email:[email protected], Tel:+2348035915275 SUMMARY INTRODUCTION This study was designed to investigate The Greater cane rat (GCR) (Thryonomys some morphometric characteristics of the swinderianus), popularly known as skull of the Greater cane rat (GCR) grasscutter, is one ofthe wildrodents that is involving 30 morphometric parameters. A currently undergoing domestication and total of 10 adult GCR were used for this captive rearing in parts of Africa and is study comprising of both sexes (5 males regarded as the continent's number one and 5 females). Student t-test was used to "micro-rodents" (Ajayi, 1974; Asibey and analyze the values obtained and to Addo, 2000). It belongs to the sub-order determine differences between the sexes. Hystricomorpha because they have their Morphological features were found in the medial masseter muscles spread through zygomatic bone which occurred as a large the infra-orbital foramen while the lateral and thick bone on both ends. From 30 masseter muscles are attached to the parameters analyzed, 12 were statistically zygomatic arches as in primitive rodents significant (p s 0.05) between both sexes, (Allaby,1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Thryonomys Swinderianus)
    Nigerian Veterinary Journal 37(1). 2016 Igado et al NIGERIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL ISSN 0331-3026 Nig. Vet. J., March 2016 Vol. 37 (1): 54-63. ORIGINAL ARTICLE Cranio-facial and Ocular Morphometrics of the Male Greater Cane Rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) 1 2 1 1 Igado, O. O. *; Adebayo, A. O. ; Oriji, C. C. and Oke, B. O. 1Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.. 2Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. *Corresponding Authors: Email: [email protected]; Tel No:+2348035790102. SUMMARY Cranio-facial indices still remain a useful means of early detection of the characteristic facial appearance of some syndromes. The cranio-facial and gross ocular morphometry of the male Greater cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) was studied using 9 adults. A total of twenty seven parameters were determined for each head. Linear measurements were determined on each eyeball using digital vernier calliper, measuring rule and a piece of twine. Cranio-facial parameters assessed included distance between medial canthi, height of the incisor, extent of oral commissures, width and length of the pinnae. All measured parameters were correlated with the body weight. The highest positive correlation was observed between the body weight and the width of the head, while the heights of the two upper incisors showed the lowest negative correlation with the body weight. The weights of the animals, heads and both eyeballs were 1.97 ± 0.37 kg, 252.00 ± 36.89 g, and 1.00 ± 0.12 g respectively. With increase in the use of wildlife as experimental animals, results from this study may find application in the field of comparative anatomy and pathological studies as well as in wildlife clinical applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Laws of Tanzania
    THE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION (CAPTURE OF ANIMALS) REGULATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS Regulation Title 1. Citation. 2. Interpretation. 3. Capture permit. 4. Permit not to constitute an authority. 5. Trapper to inform the Game Office. 6. Valid trappers permit. 7. Trappers card. 8. Carrying of trappers card. 9. Loss of trappers card. 10. Grant of permit. 11. Capture permit to be valid. 12. Director's permission to capture. 13. Personal supervision. 14. Animal to be kept in a holding ground. 15. Holding grounds and farms to be maintained. 16. Before export. 17. Container to conform to the specifications. 18. Director to be informed of any export. 19. Holder to produce a permit to the Director. 20. Inspection. 21. Animal to be produced to a Veterinary Officer. 22. Trophy export certificate. 23. No removal of animals from their holding. 24. Accompaning of animals. 25. Welfare and safety of animals. 26. Production of a certified copy. 27. Record keeping. 28. Particulars to be furnished to the Director and Game Officer. 29. Directors power to vary or add any provisions. 30. Permit to keep a live animal. 31. No commercial purpose to keep animal. 32. Offences. SCHEDULES THE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION (CAPTURE OF ANIMALS) REGULATIONS (Section 94) G.Ns. Nos. 278 of 1974 178 of 1990 1. Citation These Regulations may be cited as the Wildlife Conservation (Capture of Animals) Regulations. 2. Interpretation In these Regulations– "permit" means a permit for the capture of an animal issued under these Regulations; "prescribed" in relation to a form means a form prescribed in a Schedule to these Regulations; and "prescribed fee" in relation to a permit for the capture of any animal means the fee prescribed in relation to such animal in the Fifth Schedule; "Schedule" means a Schedule to these Regulations; "trapper" means a person authorised by a licence or permit to capture an animal.
    [Show full text]
  • Amino Acids Composition of Liver, Heart and Kidneys of Thryonomys
    . International Letters of Natural Sciences Submitted: 2019-08-08 ISSN: 2300-9675, Vol. 79, pp 23-39 Revised: 2020-01-27 doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILNS.79.23 Accepted: 2020-01-29 CC BY 4.0. Published by SciPress Ltd, Switzerland, 2020 Online: 2020-07-02 Amino Acids Composition of Liver, Heart and Kidneys of Thryonomys swingerianus (Temminck 1827) Compared Emmanuel Ilesanmi Adeyeye1,a*, Olajide Ayodele2,b and Joshua Iseoluwa Orege3,c 1Department of Chemistry (Analytical Unit), 2,3Department of Industrial Chemistry, 1,2,3Ekiti State University, PMB 5363, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria aE-mail: [email protected], [email protected] bE-mail: [email protected] cE-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author Keywords: Grasscutter; red viscera; amino acids Abstract: Amino acids composition of Thryonomys swingerianus is reported. Whereas protein values (g100g-1) had liver (74.1), kidney (91.5), heart (84.6); corresponding total amino acid values were 93.5, 83.2 and 80.6. True protein from the crude protein of the samples ran thus: liver>kidney>heart. Of the twenty parameters reported on, liver was best in 12/20 (60.0%), kidney and heart both shared the second position of 4/20(20%) each. Among the essential amino acids, leucine predominated in -1 -1 -1 both liver (7.96g100g protein) and kidney (8.11g100g protein) but valine (6.21g100g protein) predominated in the heart. The P-PER values were; P-PER1: 2.78 (liver), 2.91(kidney), 0.716 (heart) and P-PER2: 2.71 (liver), 2.90 (kidney), 0.564 (heart).
    [Show full text]
  • Ticks Genera, Wildlife Species, Predilection Sites, Lowland Rainforest, Nigeria
    Resources and Environment 2019, 9(2): 36-40 DOI: 10.5923/j.re.20190902.02 Tick-Wildlife Associations in Lowland Rainforest, Rivers State, Nigeria Mekeu Aline Edith Noutcha, Chinasa C. Nwoke, Samuel Nwabufo Okiwelu* Entomology and Pest Management Unit, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria Abstract Background and Objectives: Ticks and tick-borne diseases are a major constraint to livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. Wild meat (bushmeat) is meat from any wild terrestrial mammal, bird, reptile or amphibian harvested for subsistence or trade, most often illegally. The benefits of bushmeat are varied. A compelling case has been made that our focus on wildlife should not be restricted to conservation but extended to their health. Many of the studies on tick-wildlife associations on the continent were in South Africa. Studies in Nigeria are very limited. An investigation was conducted to determine the tick diversity, numbers, host species and predilection sites on carcasses brought to a rural bushmeat market in lowland rainforest, Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods: The catchment area of offtakes was approximately 54km2. The study was conducted over a 4-month period, late dry and early rainy seasons, March-June, 2010. Specimens, collected directly with forceps from the terrestrial animals, were identified by standard keys. Results: A total of 671 ticks were collected from ten mammalian species. Six ixodid tick genera (Amblyomma, Cosimiomma, Hyalomma, Aponomma, Boophilus, Rhipicephalus, Haemaphysalis) of the 12 on the continent were recorded. The two argasid tick genera on the continent Ornithodorus and Argas were collected. Ticks were found on the 10 wildlife species.
    [Show full text]
  • Illegal Hunting and the Bushmeat Trade in Central Mozambique: a Case-Study from Coutada 9, Manica Province
    R ILLEGAL HUNTING AND THE BUSHMEAT TRADE IN CENTRAL MOZAMBIQUE: A CASE-STUDY FROM COUTADA 9, MANICA PROVINCE PETER LINDSEY AND CARLOS BENTO A TRAFFIC EAST/SOUTHERN AFRICA REPORT This report was published with the kind support off Published by TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa. © 2012 TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa. All rights reserved. All material appearing in this publication is copyrighted and may be reproduced with perrmission. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must credit TRAFFIC International as the copyright owner. The views of the authors expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC network, WWF or IUCN. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organi- zations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The TRAFFIC symbol copyright and Registered Trademark ownership is held by WWF. TRAFFIC is a joint programme of WWF and IUCN. Suggested citation: Lindsey, P. and Bento, C. (2012). Illegal Hunting and the Bushmeat Trade in Central Mozambique. A Case-study from Coutada 9, Manica Province. TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. ISBN 978-1-85850-250-2 Front cover photograph: Illegal hunter transporting a cane rat and a tortoise. Photograph credit: P. Lindsey. ILLEGAL HUNTING AND THE BUSHMEAT TRADE IN CENTRAL MOZAMBIQUE:
    [Show full text]