Wellington Shire Heritage Study: Stage 1

Wellington Shire

Heritage Study:

Stage 1

Volume 1: Study methods and results May, 2005

Prepared for Wellington Shire

 Context Pty Ltd, Centre for Gippsland Studies, Wellington Shire Context Pty Ltd in collaboration with the Centre for Gippsland Studies

Project Team:

Chris Johnston; Kirsty Lewis; David Helms; Katrina Dernelly; Libby Riches: Context Dr Meredith Fletcher, Centre for Gippsland Studies

Graeme Butler: Graeme Butler & Associates – review of Port Albert Conservation Study.

Context Pty Ltd 22 Merri Street, Brunswick 3056

Phone 03 9380 6933 Fascimile 03 9380 4066 Email [email protected]

CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY V Introduction v Study outcomes v Study reports vii Where to from here? vii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Initiating this study 1 1.3 Two stage study 2 1.4 Purpose of the study 2 1.5 Scope 3 1.6 Steering Committee 3 1.7 Acknowledgments 4 1.8 Consultant team 4 2 STUDY METHODS 5 2.1 Overview 5 2.2 Community participation program 5 2.3 Environmental history 7 2.4 Wellington Heritage Places Database 8 2.5 Field survey 9 2.6 Analysis and priority setting 9 3.7 Reporting on Stage 1 13 3 STAGE 1 EXTENSION 15 3.1 Introduction 15 3.2 Reviewing Port Albert Conservation Study (1982) 15 3.3 Reviewing the Sale Heritage Study (1994) 17 3.4 Adding Shire Monuments, Trees and Bridges databases 18 4 RECOMMENDATIONS 19 4.1 Introduction 19 4.2 Recommended program 20 4.3 Planning Scheme protection for heritage places 21 4.4 Program of Stage 2 locality heritage studies 22 4.5 Engaging the community 24 4.6 Heritage Plan 24 4.7 Review of Environmental History 24 4.8 In the interim 25 4. 9 After Stage 2 25 APPENDIX 1: HERITAGE PLACES PROTECTED BY THE PLANNING SCHEME 26 APPENDIX 2: CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA 30 APPENDIX 3: WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY BROCHURE 32 APPENDIX 4: PRELIMINARY THEME LIST 33 APPENDIX 5: STANDARD SET OF RECOMMENDATIONS 35

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APPENDIX 6: LIST OF PLACES IDENTIFIED FOR STAGE 2 39 APPENDIX 7: POTENTIAL HERITAGE PRECINCTS 75 APPENDIX 8: WELL DOCUMENTED PLACES 79 APPENDIX 9: PORT ALBERT CONSERVATION STUDY REVIEW 92 APPENDIX 10: SALE HERITAGE STUDY (1994) REVIEW 105

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction Located in Central Gippsland in Victoria’s east, the Wellington Shire is the third largest municipality in the State. The Shire is an amalgamation of the former Shires of Alberton, Avon, Maffra, Rosedale and the City of Sale. Its boundaries extend from the Bass Strait coastline in the south to the Victorian high country in the north. Its size and geographical diversity have resulted in an extensive and diverse heritage that reflects the many historical phases and themes that have helped shape the area. Prior to this study, no comprehensive heritage study of the Shire had been conducted, although previous studies had been undertaken in the former City of Sale and Shire of Alberton. Wellington Shire initiated the Wellington Shire Heritage Study to identify those places that reflect important aspects of the Shire’s history and that are valued by local communities. The Wellington Shire Heritage Study follows Heritage Victoria’s standard two-stage approach for municipal heritage studies. The present study is the result of Stage 1 of this process. This Stage 1 study has developed a broad understanding of the history and heritage of the Shire and includes the development of a draft thematic history, and the identification of potential heritage places associated with period since the European occupation of Australia. Stage 1 has involved research, community involvement, and field survey. The outcome of Stage 1 will help set priorities for a Stage 2 study that will involve detailed assessment of selected places and the development of a heritage plan and policy for Wellington Shire. Context Pty Ltd were commissioned to undertake the Stage 1 study in 2001, directed by a Shire-appointed Steering Committee. The Steering Committee comprised Councillors and Shire officers, representatives of Heritage Victoria and members of local community groups and historical societies. In 2003 the Stage 1 study was extend to include a review of the two pre-existing studies, the 1982 Port Albert Conservation Study and the 1994 Sale Heritage Study and to add existing Shire databases on monuments, bridges and trees within the municipality to the Wellington Heritage Places database (described below). Study outcomes Identifying heritage places Extensive community participation was a key element of the Stage 1 study and assisted greatly in identifying places of heritage value to people throughout the Shire. Information about the project was made available through the Shire’s website, local papers and widely distributed information brochures. Local historical societies were extremely helpful in encouraging involvement. Community groups with an interest in history and heritage were initially invited to participate in a workshop to develop their understanding of heritage studies and the identification and description of potentially important places. Volunteer local coordinators were appointed during this workshop to assist with the organisation of a series of meetings that subsequently took place at 9 localities across the Shire (Rosedale, Sale, Seaspray, Dargo, Maffra, Briagolong, Yarram, Stratford and Heyfield). The Maffra and Stratford meetings attracted the highest attendance. The community participation process was extremely successful and resulted in a large number and wide variety of places being identified. Other places were identified by searching heritage lists and registers, technical reports and previous studies. Lists and registers reviewed included the Register of the National Estate, the Victorian Heritage Register, the Victorian Heritage Inventory, the Historic Places Branch database and the National Trust Register. Places identified through the community workshops were visited during a program of fieldwork to determine their preliminary level of significance. Places of National significance contribute to the heritage of the Australian nation. One such place was identified during the Stage 1 study. Two places were considered to be of State-level significance, and 18 places were

considered to be of Regional significance, that is important as part of the Gippsland region. The great majority of places were considered to be of Local significance. These are places that are important to the heritage and historic character of Wellington Shire. All information on places collected throughout the study was recorded in the Wellington Heritage Places database, a database designed by Context Pty Ltd that runs on Microsoft Access. It has been designed specifically for conducting and implementing local government heritage studies. The database records information such as the place name and location, a short description and historical notes. It records all information and assessments undertaken during the Stage 1 study, assigns a provisional ranking of significance, and is capable of being updated during the Stage 2 study. 1787 places are listed in the Wellington Heritage Places database at the conclusion of Stage 1. Priorities for the Stage 2 Study In order to set priorities for the Stage 2 study, places identified in Stage 1 were analysed in light of available information, their physical condition, their potential level of significance and whether or not they were under threat. As a result of this analysis, the following Stage 2 priorities were set. Of the 1787 places listed in the Wellington Heritage Places database: • Enough is known about 408 heritage places for them to be recommended for addition to the Heritage Overlay of the Planning Scheme through a planning scheme amendment with little or no extra work required. These places are mainly within the former City of Sale or former Shire of Alberton. • 584 places are identified as High priority, meaning that fieldwork and assessment is needed as a matter of priority in Stage 2. High priority places provide important evidence of the key historic themes identified in the environmental history. • 219 places are identified as Medium priority and should be referred to knowledgeable community organisations and individuals for research during Stage 2. Medium priority places tended to be those that offered evidence of the key themes but were in a less intact condition, or that provided evidence of less important themes. • 111 places are identified as Low priority. Research should be encouraged by knowledgeable community organisations and individuals. Low priority places included those for which little physical evidence remains, general features that are not at risk, buildings that have been altered and recent buildings that are important to the community. • 94 places have either primarily Aboriginal (from the time prior to European contact) or natural heritage values. Such places were outside the scope of the present study and will need to be referred to other specialists or agencies for appropriate assessment. • 180 places are identified as requiring no immediate action in Stage 2. Generally speaking, these were places already assessed as not significant, places already on the Shire’s Planning Scheme, historic shipwrecks and places for which very little information was available. • 107 places should be marked and interpreted to ensure that their history is not forgotten. Extensions to the Stage 1 Study A number of additional tasks were also undertaken as part of an extension to the Stage 1 study. The additional tasks comprised a review of places already assessed during the 1982 Port Albert Conservation Study and the 1994 Sale Heritage Study but that were not yet protected in the Wellington Shire Planning Scheme. Of the 28 places reviewed from the Port Albert Conservation Study, 17 are recommended for addition to the Heritage Overlay of the Planning Scheme. The review of the Sale Heritage Study identified that approximately 85% of places identified in the 1994 study but not protected through the Planning Scheme have retained their heritage significance and continue to be worthy of recognition in the Heritage Overlay. The balance (15%) have been demolished or altered significantly.

The consultants also reviewed three pre-existing databases of monuments, trees and bridges in Wellington Shire. The bridges database contained a list of timber bridges. Given that such structures can have high potential heritage significance, the list was cross referenced with the National Trust Register. Places on the monuments, trees and bridges database were added to the Wellington Heritage Places database. Study reports The Stage 1 study is documented in 3 separate products. The Volume 1 report outlines the initial research and fieldwork that was undertaken and reports on results. It describes the methods used to obtain and analyse information about heritage places and sets priorities for the Stage 2 study. Volume 2 is an environmental history of Wellington Shire and is a study of the key themes, people, places and activities that have made the Shire the place it is today. The environmental history can help build community awareness of and commitment to the Shire’s heritage. The process of identifying key themes helped the project team to identify places and set priorities for the course of the study. Volume 3 comprises the Wellington Heritage Places database. It is available on CD only and is an Access database. This Executive Summary will also be produced as a stand-alone short report for distribution to the broader community. Where to from here? On the basis of the Stage 1 study, a program has been developed to assist Council in protecting its heritage. The Stage 1 study indicates that there are around 800 places in Wellington Shire that are of High or Medium potential heritage significance and therefore requiring further investigation as part of a Stage 2 study. Typically a Stage 2 heritage study would involve historical research, field visits and documentation of the heritage values of places of potential heritage significance. The result would be a final list of significant heritage places worthy of listing in the Heritage Schedule of the Shire’s planning scheme. Places of state or national significance may also be recommended for addition to the Victorian Heritage Register (state significance) or the National Heritage List (national significance). Stage 2 will involve the actual assessment of significance and documentation of those places that were identified to be of potential cultural significance in the Stage 1 survey. It is recommended that this take place through a series of 4 locality-based studies. The proposed localities are: Yarram & District; Rosedale-Cowarr area; Maffra & District; Stratford to the coast and the remote north including Dargo. Breaking the Stage 2 study into a number of smaller, locality-based studies has the benefit of enabling each local community to be closely involved. The program could also involve schools and the East Gippsland TAFE by providing project opportunities. One locality-based study is proposed to be conducted each year for 4 years to progressively complete the recommended heritage research work across the Shire. The studies will involve finalising the Stage 1 priority list with locally knowledgeable people, research, field survey, assessment of heritage significance, documentation to the standard required by Heritage Victoria and recommendations as to which places should be added to the Wellington Shire Planning Scheme. The current planning scheme includes some of Wellington Shire’s most important heritage places but a large number of well-documented and highly-valued places are still missing. Any amendment to the planning scheme to include new places would require public exhibition and consultation with property owners. It is further recommended that the Shire should act quickly to seek planning scheme protection for places identified during the review of the former Shire of Alberton and City of Sale studies. Community involvement will again be a key element of Stage 2, especially through community participation in locality based studies. The participation of property owners and managers will

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be crucial and such people will need to be advised of the benefits and consequences of heritage protection for their properties. It is recommended that the Shire establish a support network for communities and individuals involved in the locality-based studies. It is anticipated that the proposed approach to Stage 2 will offer many opportunities for community participation and build the community’s knowledge and skills. The process of undertaking Stage 2 studies will lead to further work on the draft environmental history prepared during the Stage 1 study as further knowledge comes to light. The environmental history could eventually be published to help build community awareness and appreciation of Wellington’s heritage. Finally, it is recommended that Wellington Shire develop a Heritage Plan or policy to guide future heritage activities within the Shire. The plan should reflect the issues and challenges facing the Shire and its community in caring for Wellington’s important heritage places. In order to achieve this it could address issues such as assisting owners of heritage properties, heritage tourism opportunities, expanding the Shire’s heritage skills and informing the community. Such a policy would help keep the people of Wellington Shire informed about and involved in their heritage.

VIII WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The Wellington Shire is located in central Gippsland in Victoria’s east. It is Victoria’s third largest municipality, covering an area over 10,000 square kilometres. The Shire’s boundaries extend from the Bass Strait coastline in the south to the Victorian high country in the north. Given its large size and variation in geography it is not surprising that the Shire contains vast amounts of physical evidence connected with the many historical phases and themes that have helped shaped the area. These places range from broad landscapes through to important public buildings, community meeting places, unusual features within the forests and much more. In addition to the rich European heritage, the Wellington Shire also possesses a long Aboriginal heritage. An amalgamation of the former Shires of Alberton, Avon, Maffra, the City of Sale and the Shire of Rosedale, the Shire’s current boundaries were established in 1994. Despite its large size, the shire boasts a relatively modest population of over 42,000. The Shire comprises over 11 major townships and a large number of smaller communities and is home to major industries in diverse fields such as aviation, oil and gas, plastics, footwear, printing, clothing and leather production.

1.2 Initiating this study The Wellington Shire initiated the Wellington Shire Heritage Study to help find out about the variety of places throughout the Shire that reflect important part of the Shire's history and that are valued by local communities. No comprehensive heritage study of the Shire had been conducted, although previous studies in the former City of Sale and the former Shire of Alberton (Port Albert, Tarraville and Alberton) had been undertaken. The places recorded during these earlier studies have been included in the Wellington Heritage Places Database created for the project, and have been reviewed as part of an extension to the original study brief (see Chapter 3).

1 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 In undertaking this study, the Shire was keen to ensure that: • the project created opportunities for local communities to play a part in identifying the themes and places of particular importance to them • the environmental history guided the identification of heritage places • the end result provided a sound basis for the Shire to assess and document significant places in a Stage 2 study. The Shire has already protected around 112 heritage places in the Planning Scheme (see Appendix 1) and has recognised the importance of heritage protection by initiating this study. 1.3 Two stage study Heritage studies are usually undertaken in two stages. Stage 1 involves the preparation of a thematic environmental history and the identification of all places of potential cultural significance across the Shire. Stage 1 also involves estimating the time and resources required to undertake Stage 2 of the study brief. Stage 2 involves the actual assessment of significance and documentation of those places that were identified to be of potential cultural significance in the Stage 1 survey. The Shire advertised for registrations of interest from consultants interested in undertaking the project in October 2000, and in early 2001 commissioned the team from Context Pty Ltd in collaboration with the Centre for Gippsland Studies to undertake Stage 1 of the study. A briefing between the consultants and Shire representatives occurred in December 2000 to discuss the initiation of the project. A presentation was made to Council in March, 2001 briefly outlining the anticipated tasks involved in Stage 1. The project management plan was submitted to the Steering Committee at the end of March 2001marking the commencement of the project. Key milestones in the project included the Community Workshop (July 2001), local community meetings (July-August 2001), fieldwork (mid 2002),and presentation of a draft Stage 1 report in April 2002. The Shire sought to extend the project in June 2002, and commissioned this work in September 2003. This report describes the Stage 1 study process and the results, and estimates the resources required to fully research, assess and document the places identified in Stage 1 of the project. Stage 1 of the project was funded by a $30,000 grant from Heritage Victoria that was matched by Council funding. 1.4 Purpose of the study The purpose of Stage 1 of this study was to: • Prepare a thematic environmental history of the Shire covering the post-contact period (that is the period since European people started to occupy Victoria) • Identify all post-contact places of potential cultural significance in the Wellington Shire (excluding places already identified in the former City of Sale and in Port Albert, Tarraville and Alberton), and • To estimate the resources required to fully research, document and assess all post-contact places of potential cultural significance in the study area. The Shire's longer-term goal for the study is to identify, assess and document all post- contact places of cultural significance within the municipality and make recommendations for their future conservation.

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The Stage 1 extension sought to review the Port Albert Conservation Study (1982) and the Sale Heritage Study (1994),as well as integrating some additional Shire place data and providing a short community report. 1.5 Scope The Wellington Shire Heritage Study Stage 1 aimed to cover the whole of the Wellington Shire. It focused on cultural heritage places from the post-contact period, that is places dating from European colonisation of the area up to the present day. Places on private property and public land were considered. Natural heritage places were also included where they had substantial cultural values, however places primarily with natural values (eg. sites of significance flora or fauna, geology or geodiversity) were outside the scope of the study Priority was given to places that had not been previously investigated, including: • those not included in any of the previous studies in the Shire, (these were later examined in the Stage 1 extension) • those not already listed by a heritage organisation such as the Australian Heritage Commission, Heritage Victoria, Historic Places Branch (Dept. Natural Resources and Environment) or the National Trust. Places already protected under the Heritage Overlay, Wellington Planning Scheme were not investigated. The study was prepared in accordance with the Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Places of Cultural Significance (The Burra Charter) 1999 and the associated guidelines. The Burra Charter defines cultural significance as being "aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for past, present or future generations". These terms mean: • Aesthetic: aesthetic value includes aspects of sensory perception • Historic: historic value encompasses the history of aesthetics, science and society • Scientific: the scientific or research value of a place depends on the importance of the data involved and the extent to which a place can contribute further substantial information. (This criterion is often applied to archaeological sites) • Social: social value embraces the qualities for which a place has become a focus of spiritual, political, national or other cultural sentiment. A fifth term - spiritual value - has been added to the Charter but is yet to be defined. Specific criteria used to make a preliminary assessment of heritage significance in the study are included in Appendix 2. Definitions of levels of heritage significance are included in Section 2.6. The project brief and the method employed were generally in accordance with the Local Government Heritage Guidelines (1991). 1.6 Steering Committee Selection of Steering Committee members was the responsibility of Shire. The establishment of the Committee at the beginning of the project enabled the diversity of the municipality to be reflected in the direction of the project. The Steering Committee comprised the following members: Councillor Brian Lee, Wellington Shire Council Councillor Linda Barraclough, Wellington Shire Council Nadine Demczuk, Dargo & District Community Group Narra Demczuk, Dargo & District Community Group

3 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 Don Macreadie, Rosedale Historical Society Ann Synan, Sale Historical Society Stuart Lawson, Sale Historical Society Marion Stothers, Stratford Historical Society Jeremy Smith, Heritage Victoria Paul Roser, Heritage Victoria Steven Dickson, Wellington Shire Petra Wood, Wellington Shire. Stage 1 of the project was overseen by Steven Dickson, and the Stage 1 extension by Kim Phillips. 1.7 Acknowledgments The consultants gratefully acknowledge the assistance provided by members of the Steering Committee throughout Stage 1 of the project. Many local people provided information at the initial workshop and during the local community meetings, by way of written submissions and during the preparation of the environmental history. The knowledge and guidance provided by the Steering Committee and the many others who became involved during the project greatly assisted the consultants. 1.8 Consultant team The project team comprised Chris Johnston, Kirsty Lewis, David Helms; Katrina Dernelly and Libby Riches (Context Pty Ltd) and Dr Meredith Fletcher (Centre for Gippsland Studies).

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2 STUDY METHODS 2.1 Overview Stage 1 of the project essentially involved a community workshop, a series of local community meetings, historical research, field survey and reporting. Stage 1 aimed to produce: • A successful community participation process (see 2.2 below). • A concise and analytical environmental history1 (see 2.3). • A Wellington Heritage Places Database listing places identified during Stage 1, plus maps showing known place locations (see 2.4). • An analysis of the results as a basis for setting priorities for Stage 2 (see 2.6). • A final Stage 1 report including maps locating all places of potential cultural significance and a listing of these places including of potential cultural significance including address/location details, brief details about each place that can be readily obtained without effort or research. • Recommendations for further work including, estimates of the time and budget required to document and assess the cultural significance of all places identified in Stage 1. Based on the standard brief for heritage studies issued by Heritage Victoria, it is anticipated that Stage 2 of the study will involve historical research on places of potential significance, followed by assessment of their significance. The environmental history will then be complete in the light of the historical research on individual places. Stage 2 will also include the development of a heritage strategy for the Wellington Shire Council. The tasks undertaken in Stage 1 are briefly described below. 2.2 Community participation program Extensive community participation was seen as an important part of the project, particularly in the identification of places and their heritage value to local communities throughout the Shire. Information Internet Information about the heritage study was posted on the Shire’s web site in June 2001. It provided a brief explanation of the study and the opportunity to nominate heritage places of cultural significance ‘online’. Four nominations were submitted by email through the web site. Media A newspaper article, advertising the project itself and the details of the local community meeting, appeared in the Gippsland Times, the Heyfield News, the Maffra Eagle and the Rosedale local newspaper in the weeks leading up to the local community meetings. The advertisement also invited people to suggest places that they thought should be considered during the study. In addition to the advertisements in the local press, invitations to the local meetings were sent to people who attended the one-day workshop in Sale. Copies of flyers advertising the local community meetings were also sent to each of the local coordinators (see below) for distribution.

1 A bibliography had already been prepared by the Centre for Gippsland Studies

5 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 Brochure To inform the community throughout Wellington Shire about the project, the consultants, with the assistance of Steering Committee members, prepared a brochure, Our Heritage: Help Protect It. Copies of the brochure were distributed widely at the local community meetings. The brochure described the project, provided information about heritage protection and its value to the community and invited people to submit a list of places they regarded as being part of the community's heritage. A copy of the brochure is included as Appendix 3. Community Workshop A one-day workshop was held in Sale in July 2001 and marked the beginning of the community participation program. Invitations were sent to local historical societies and others knowledgeable about heritage from throughout the Shire. The workshop focused on developing the skills of the participants and addressed the following subject areas: • Heritage studies, their methods and results • The proposed process for involving local communities in identifying heritage places and the program of local meetings • How to identify, describe and map the location of specific places of potential cultural significance. The workshop was a great success. A total of 29 people attended, including representatives from local historical societies, local, and state government. Lists of previously identified heritage places were distributed, and tools that locals could use to start identifying and recording additional heritage information were explained. Another outcome of this workshop was the appointment of local coordinators to assist with the organisation of the local community meetings. These local coordinators were sought from each of the local meeting localities and were generally local historical society members, or members of the local community considered to be knowledgeable about the heritage of their area. Local Meetings A series of nine local community meetings were held during July and August 2001. The meetings were at Rosedale, Sale, Seaspray, Dargo, Maffra, Briagolong, Yarram, Stratford and Heyfield and a total of 52 people attended(see Table 1).

Location Number attending

Rosedale 6 Sale 6 Seasray 2 Dargo 6 Maffra 11 Briagolong 4 Yarram 5 Stratford 9 Heyfield 3 Total 52 Table 1: Participants at local heritage meetings

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The majority of the participants were local historical society members and knowledgeable locals. The Maffra and Stratford meetings recorded the highest attendance. Overall, the publicity in the local press did not attract people to these meetings; the historical societies were the main generator of attendance. Overall, the series of local meetings was a great success. Many additional places were identified, with some people bringing along pre-prepared place lists and nomination forms. Each meeting involved a brainstorm to create a list of places not previously recorded. Some meetings worked as a whole group, where other meetings broke into smaller groups to work on specific localities. A priority at the meetings was to map the places identified to assist with field survey. This worked extremely well, meaning that most places identified at the local meetings have been mapped. Overall, the local meetings combined with the information on the website and in the brochure resulted in many additional places being identified, recorded on simple data forms and mapped. After the local meetings, places identified more than once were combined as a single record in the Wellington Heritage Places Database. Heritage places submitted via the Shire's web site, or in response to the advertisement or brochure were also added to the database. 2.3 Environmental history A concise and analytical thematic history was prepared. It is referred to as an ‘environmental history’ because it details the people, places and activities that have created the cultural environment of Wellington Shire as we know it today. The environmental history uses a set of key themes relevant to the Shire’s history. It sought to: • guide the identification of places and help set priorities • illuminate the history of the Shire using the places that provide the evidence of that history • build community awareness of and commitment to conservation of those places. The outline for the environmental history was developed through a series of discussions with the Project Group. Themes relevant to Wellington Shire (Appendix 4) were identified using the national framework provided by the Principal Australian Themes. The format and structure was agreed after considering other examples of environmental histories. An agreed outline formed the basis of a draft environmental history. The draft environmental history was reviewed by the Steering Committee, and a revised draft prepared. The major themes are: 1. Exploration 2. Settling the land 3. Developing primary industry 4. Exploiting natural resources 5. Transport and communications 6. The environment and managing public land 7. Building settlements and towns 8. Governing and administering 9. Developing cultural institutions and ways of life

7 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 The draft Environmental History forms Volume 2 of the Stage 1 report. The final environmental history will be prepared as part of Stage 2. 2.4 Wellington Heritage Places Database The Wellington Heritage Places Database contains information on all of the heritage and potential places identified in Stage 1 of the study. The database has been designed by Context Pty Ltd for local government heritage studies.2 Initial list of places Early on in Stage 1, the following sources were checked for existing heritage listings, nominations and information files: • The Register of the National Estate – listed, interim and indicative places (then maintained by the Australian Heritage Commission) • The Victorian Heritage Register – listed places and information files (maintained by Heritage Victoria) • The Victorian Heritage Inventory – listed places and information files (maintained by Heritage Victoria) • Wellington Shire’s Heritage Overlay – places listed in the Planning Scheme's Heritage Overlay (maintained by Wellington Shire) • Historic Places Branch database (maintained by the DSE3 • The National Trust Register – classified places and information files (maintained by the National Trust of Australia (Victoria)) • Gippsland Regional Forest Agreement database of places identified in the community heritage workshops and specialist studies (Environment Australia). A search of the above mentioned sources resulted in a listing of around 650 places (See Table 2), which were all subsequently added to the Heritage Places Database. The places identified at the community workshop, local community meetings, and by individuals were also added, resulting in a comprehensive listing of heritage places in the Wellington Shire.

Register of the National Estate 39 Victorian Heritage Register 26 Victorian Heritage Inventory 57 Shire’s Planning Scheme 112 Historic Places Branch 59 National Trust Register 63 Table 2: Tally of previously identified heritage places in the Wellington Shire In the Stage 1 extension, the places listed on the Shire’s Monuments Register, Trees Register (in development) and Bridges database were added to the Wellington Heritage Places Database, often integrating the se records with existing database records.

2 The database remains the property of Context Pty Ltd. The Shire is granted a free, perpetual licence to use the database. 3 The Public Land Stewardship Historic Places branch is part of DSE and has responsibility for managing historic places on public land.

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2.5 Field survey Field survey was undertaken as part of Stage 1. The purpose of the field survey in Stage 1 is to help rank the places in terms of their potential significance. This ranking then forms the basis of the priorities established for Stage 2 of the heritage study. The field survey helps do this because the consultants are able to see the places and what evidence remains. The large number of potential heritage places meant that priorities needed to be set to ensure the consultants saw the majority of places throughout the Shire. The budget allowance for this task was extended by the Shire to enable additional field survey to be completed as part of the Stage 1extension. Even so, not all places were seen during the Stage 1 field Survey. In setting field survey priorities, preference was given to places that: • had not previously documented (or insufficiently documented for an indicative assessment to be made in Stage 1) • were likely to be of medium or high cultural significance • had been mapped at local meetings, and appeared to be accessible without the need for a 4-wheel drive vehicle, or access through private property. The field survey work was greatly assisted by the excellent mapping done in the local community meetings. Places not considered likely to be of heritage significance or that had already been assessed were not included in the field survey program – for example, places with natural places. The results of the survey are summarised below.

Fieldwork results No. Sale Review Balance of Municipality

Seen during fieldwork 697 390 307 Attempted but not located 89 - 89 Potential heritage places not seen 352 - 352 Table 3: Results of fieldwork 2.6 Analysis and priority setting Reviewing key information Based on the results obtained from the field survey, the consultants then set priorities for Stage 2 which involved reviewing the data from all sources to determine: • Does the place survive in a reasonably intact form? If it does not survive, the most common recommendation (see Appendix 5) was to mark and interpret the place as a historic site. • What level of significance could the place have? The most common response was ‘local significance’, with higher levels of significance suggested only where there was considerable evidence available. Some places were assessed as having little or no significance. • Is the place already well documented? Places that are well documented generally require minimal or no further investigation, and were generally recommended for consideration for inclusion in the Shire's planning scheme immediately, rather than requiring the level of assessment and documentation proposed to be undertaken in Stage 2. • Is the place under threat? Places that are well protected and cared for by public /community organisations tended to get a lower Stage 2 priority, whereas places under imminent threat would get a higher priority category.

9 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 Does the place survive? Of the places on the database, a number had been demolished or destroyed, and therefore retain minimal or no heritage values. Documentation and assessment in Stage 2 was not recommended. Many of these sites could be recorded and interpreted to help mark the history of each locality. Places where substantial and significant archaeological evidence may remain were recognised as having potential heritage significance. What is its likely level of significance? Based on the information available, a preliminary assessment of likely significance was made. The following categories of significance were used: • National significance: those places that are considered to contribute to the heritage of Australia.4 • State significance: those places that are considered to contribute to the heritage of Victoria.5 • Regional significance : those places that are important within a regional context. The region may be thematic or geographic. This category is now seldom used in heritage studies. • Local significance : places that form an important part of the Shire's heritage, including those places relevant to the history of more than one local area or places that are an important example within a locality. This category includes representative and generally externally intact examples of place types that contribute to the historic character of the Shire. Local significance combines the categories 'High local' and 'contributory local' used in the Sale Heritage Study. • Local interest: places that are of lesser importance but that have meaning for a local community (eg. as a landmark, because of community use, associated with local identity) but that retain little of their fabric or places that retain their overall form and scale and are part of a precinct. Local interest is equivalent to 'Contributory (Interest)' category in the Sale Heritage Study. • Not significant - places retaining insufficient evidence of significant periods or associations and places that have been wholly or substantially demolished. Places assessed in the Port Albert Conservation Study (1982) and the Sale Heritage Study (1994) were reviewed as part of the Stage 1 extension; the results are reported on in Chapter 3. Is the place well documented already? Places already protected in the planning scheme or documented through one of the two previous studies were considered ‘well-documented’ and were not initially included within the setting of priorities for field survey (see Chapter 3 for more detail on the Port Albert and Sale reviews). Some additional places were assessed as well-documented as a result of other studies and process, making a total of 520 places considered ‘well-documented’6. Of these, only 112 were identified as being protected in the Wellington Planning Scheme.

4 The new National Heritage List, established in January 2004, records places with ‘outstanding natural, Indigenous or historic heritage values to the nation’. 5 Such places would be expected to be eligible for inclusion on the Victorian Heritage Register. 6 Coded in the database as recommended for the Planning Scheme.

10 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Is the place under threat? This was one of the factors taken into account in determining the Stage 2 priority. Determining Stage 2 priority Places were assigned to Stage 2 priority categories on the basis of the criteria identified above. Places were assigned to Stage 2 priority categories (below) based on the level of information currently available, the potential significance of the place and whether or not the heritage values of the place could be properly assessed within the scope of the Stage 2 study: Add to Planning Scheme In addition to the places already on the Planning Scheme, another 408 places are sufficiently well documented to enable their consideration for inclusion on the Planning Scheme. Some of these places may require a small amount of additional documentation, and many were subsequently reviewed as part of the Port Albert and Sale reviews (see Chapter 3). A list of places outside Sale and Port Albert considered suitable for planning scheme protection is in Appendix 8. Many of these places are on public land. Priority places Potential heritage places for Stage 2 were categorised as being either High, Medium or Low priority for Stage 2. • High priority comprises 584 places that appear to provide important evidence of the key historic themes relevant to the Shire (as documented in the environmental history and themes). Some places under threat have been allocated to this category. The high priority places were identified at workshops and/or by a community group (eg: historical society), or were recognised as priority by the consultants. Together these places provide a good thematic overview and geographical coverage of the Shire. Ten of the 584 high priority places are precincts identified as worth assessment and protection. Each precinct will comprise a number of individual places. A Precinct list is included as Appendix 7. • Medium priority comprises 219 places that appear to provide important evidence of key historic themes but that are less intact or places that represent less important themes. • Low priority comprises 111 places where little evidence remains; general landscape features that are not at risk; local cemeteries that are well-maintained and not at risk; recent buildings with strong community attachments; altered and relocated buildings. Appendix 6 provides a list of the places assessed as high or medium priority for Stage 2. Interpret historic sites This category includes historic sites that help tell an important local story. A program of site marking locally or Shire-wide would help interpret such sites for locals and visitors alike. Refer to other specialists / agencies This category comprises 91 places of primarily natural or natural/aesthetic significance (and therefore outside the scope of this study) and 3 Aboriginal places dating from the pre- contact period which require referral to Aboriginal Affairs Victoria. No immediate action This category includes 180 places identified as not significant or known not to survive; places outside the Shire; places already in the planning scheme; places on the Shire’s monuments register; historic shipwrecks (already protected under State or Commonwealth legislation); places about which there was insufficient information to allocate a priority.

11 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 Results & Recommendations for Stage 2 The following chart summarises Stage 2 priorities and required actions. Wellington Heritage Place Database 1787 places

Stage 2 Priority Number of Places Required Actions

Potential for addition to 408 places Assess relevant places in Port Planning Scheme Albert or Sale Review (see Chapter 3). Other places considered suitable for inclusion in the planning scheme with little or no additional work are included in Appendix 8.

Priority Places TOTAL 913 places High Priority 584 places Field work and assessment will be a priority for Stage 2.

Medium priority 219 places. Refer to knowledgeable community organisations and individuals for research. May be able to be included in Stage 2, depending on funds available. Low priority 111 places Encourage research by knowledgeable community organisations and individuals.

Interpret 107 places These sites should be marked and interpreted to ensure that their history is not forgotten. These places could also be included on tourist brochures.

Refer to other specialists / 94 places Refer to appropriate specialists / agencies agencies. These places should be retained on the database for the sake of completeness.

No immediate action 180 places Retain place records on database for completeness.

12 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Summary of Recommendations for Stage 2 The purpose of establishing priorities in Stage 1 is to guide the allocation of resources to Stage 2. The consultants recommend that Stage 2 focus on: • Places that are already well documented and that, with minimal additional research and documentation, could be considered for inclusion in the planning scheme. • Establishing a community program or network to provide assistance with research and documentation of high and medium priority places, and to review the lists of places and priorities arising from Stage 1. • Research, fieldwork and assessment of significance for all high priority places. • Research, fieldwork and assessment of medium priority places if funds allow. No further research, documentation or assessment would be undertaken on places already protected, and places of little or no significance. Records of all places should remain on the Wellington Heritage Places Database for future reference. 3.7 Reporting on Stage 1 Reports The results of Stage 1 of the study are in several parts: Volume 1: Methods & Results (this report) Volume 2: Wellington Shire Environmental History Volume 3: Wellington Heritage Places database The database is available on CD only and is an Access database. Summary report The Summary Report is short report for the community based on the Executive Summary of this report. It includes a list of places. Wellington Heritage Places Database The Welling Heritage Places Database uses Microsoft Access. The design of the database has been developed specifically for the conduct and implementation of heritage studies. The main fields completed in the database at the end of Stage 1 are: • Place name • Other name (where known) • Place No. - a unique number for each place • Street no. • Street name • Locality • Brief description and historical notes (around 50-100 words) • Historical themes • Significance • Whether listed on Victorian Heritage Register or Inventory, Register of the National Estate, National Trust Register, Planning Scheme, or on the database of the Historic Places Branch.

13 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 • Informant name/s and other sources • Stage 2 priority ranking • Recommendation where appropriate to provide guidance for Stage 2. Mapping A map series, either 1:25000 scale or town maps indicating the location of most of the places identified at the local community meetings. There are grid references for those places on the Heritage Victoria Inventory/Register or Historic Places Branch database.

14 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

3 STAGE 1 EXTENSION 3.1 Introduction Stage 1 was extended to include several additional tasks. These are reported on in this chapter: • integration of the Shire’s monuments, bridges and trees databases into the Wellington Heritage Places Database. • addition of extra data on places through additional field work and other sources • a review of the Port Albert Conservation Study (undertaken by Graeme Butler and Associates), including recommendations on protection, and integration of this review into the Wellington Heritage Places Database • a review of the places identified in the Sale Heritage Study that are not currently protected in the Wellington Planning Scheme and make recommendations on protection • prepare a short report on the study suitable for the community. 3.2 Reviewing Port Albert Conservation Study (1982) Background The Port Albert Conservation Study was carried out in 1982 by Graeme Butler for the Shire of Alberton. It covered 59 places and precincts. Selected places assessed in that report have been reviewed in 2002 by Graeme Butler & Associates for Context Pty Ltd, in terms of changes to the fabric since 1982 and potential planning scheme protection for each place. Typically the places selected were not in the heritage overlay of the Wellington Shire planning scheme but sufficient data existed to provide the basis for inclusion in the overlay schedule as individual places. Method Each place was surveyed during July 2002, an image taken of the place, note taken of any changes and the place location cited in the 1982 report checked. In addition, the data collected by Context Pty Ltd, as entered in the Wellington Heritage Places Database, was checked where it was relevant to the assessment. The review assessment was based on the data presented in the 1982 study and no further research was carried out. The heritage value levels used were based on geographic areas of comparison or relevance: local, regional, state or national. Results & Recommendations A summary of the results of each assessment is included in Appendix 9 of this report. Detailed findings are included in the Wellington heritage Places Database. Of the 28 places reviewed: • 6 places required no further action because of demolition (3) or changes to the fabric since 1982 or insufficient heritage significance; • 1 place required no action as it was already included in the Planning Scheme; • 4 places required no action because of insufficient information- further historical research required;

15 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 • 17 places were recommended for the planning scheme heritage overlay and 2 places already in the planning scheme heritage overlay were recommended for amendment of the extend of listing. The places recommended for Planning Scheme protection and/or extension of the existing protection are:

ID Place name Locality

732 Alberton Cemetery Alberton 1509 Saunders house Alberton 1522 Victoria and Alberton Township Surveys Alberton 1512 Victoria Hotel Alberton 700 Baker's shop & residence Port Albert 697 Derwent Hotel (former) Port Albert 1516 Port Albert Hotel Port Albert 1519 Port Albert Mechanics Institute hall, former Port Albert 1379 Port Albert Police Station (former) & Ombu tree Port Albert 733 Port Albert Post Office (former) Port Albert 1517 Roberts' drapers shop & residence, Cordyline Port Albert 1518 Rodondo and The Smiths Port Albert 701 Sea Bank site Port Albert 731 Ship Inn Hotel bar (former) Port Albert 702 St John's Church of England Port Albert 699 Sydserff's general store & bakery Port Albert 727 Wesleyan Church, Port Albert & trees Port Albert 794 Corcoran Tannery Tarraville 526 Port Albert Township Surveys (review of and extension of Port Albert boundary)

Assessment of the following places should be included in Stage 2 of the study:

ID Place name Locality Priority

1524 Palmerston Township Survey Palmerston High 2047 Tarraville Township Site - Reeve's Special Survey Tarraville High 1523 Township Surveys: Taraville; Port Albert, Palmerston Tarraville High These are included within the results reported in Chapter 2.

16 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

3.3 Reviewing the Sale Heritage Study (1994) Method The primary purpose of the review was to determine which individual places and precincts identified in the 1994 study were still of sufficient significance to warrant protection under the Wellington Planning Scheme. Concern had been expressed by Council officers and community members that many places had been substantially altered and/or demolished. The results of the 1994 study were imported into the Wellington Heritage Places database which identified that there were: • 371 places assessed in the 1994 study were yet to receive protection through the Wellington Planning Scheme, and • 25 places had been protected (primarily those listed on other heritage registers at the time of Council amalgamations and the creation of the Wellington Shire Planning Scheme). The approach taken was to resurvey the whole of the former City of Sale to confirm whether the places survived, and if so, whether it was relatively intact to the previous assessment. In some instances, some additional information was available as a result of advice provided by the Shire’s heritage adviser, or was provided by Council officers and community sources. Around 12 additional places within the former City of Sale were also proposed during the initial Stage 1 study. Most of these were not considered within the review as they were not part of the 1994 study. In additional to the fieldwork review, the consultants also updated the statements of significance to include a cross-reference to the criteria (see Appendix 2). Results In summary, the results were

Results No.

Planning Scheme: Individual place 237 Planning Scheme: Contributory to precinct 52 (Protect through precinct) Planning Scheme: Part of a larger place 1 (Park Street bridge – include in Sale Canal area) Planning Scheme: Precinct 10 Reviewed 2004: Demolished 30 Reviewed 2004: Not recommended for protection 20 Reviewed 2004: Research required 26 Total 376

Individual places 237 places were considered to meet the threshold of local significance and be worthy of individual protection in the Planning Scheme. Of these 126 are within precincts. Another 26 places were assessed as requiring further research prior to consideration for protection in the Planning Scheme. Another 20 places were downgraded from the 1994 assessment, and were not recommended for any form of protection. This was primarily due to the extent of changes to these properties that detracted from their heritage significance.

17 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 A further 30 places were identified as having been demolished. Overall, it appears that around 85% of the individual places identified in the 1994 study but not protected have retained their heritage significance and a further 15% have been altered or demolished. Precincts The 10 precincts recommended for planning scheme protection are: • Lake Guthridge Landscape Area • Town Centre Precinct • Thomson Street Precinct • Stawell & Market Street Precinct • St Mary's Precinct • Railway Precinct • Victoria Park Precinct • Precinct: RAAF Housing (Sale) • Dargo Street Rural Area • The Netherlands Rural Area. All of these precincts were identified in the 1994 study and no change was recommended. Prior to proposing these precincts for planning scheme protection, the Shire will need to map the results of the 2004 review onto planning scheme maps and check the boundaries. It has not been possible to confirm these boundaries during the 2004 review. 3.4 Adding Shire Monuments, Trees and Bridges databases Three existing Shire databases were integrated into the Wellington Heritage Database. These data bases were: • Monuments: a Shire register of plaques and monuments. Most of the monuments were already on the database and a number of plaques were added. • Trees: a small list of important trees compiled by Shire officers. It was cross-checked with the heritage database, and any missing trees that seemed likely to be significant were added. • Bridges: a Shire list of timber bridges. Potentially all of these bridges could be quite important given that the number of extant timber bridges is declining. This list needed to be cross-referenced to the National Trust’s study of timber bridges and this proved difficult as the identifying information used on each list was quite different. Some bridges may therefore be listed twice on the database.

18 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

4 RECOMMENDATIONS 4.1 Introduction There are seven essential steps in the heritage planning process. In commissioning Stage 1 of the study, the Wellington Shire has started on these steps. The steps and Wellington Shire’s progress against them is summarised below: 1. Identifying Council’s legislative and administrative responsibilities The Wellington Shire is responsible under the Planning and Environment Act 1987 to make provision to protect the heritage of its municipality through the Planning Scheme. The current planning scheme includes some of the most significant heritage places throughout the Shire, including historic buildings, cemeteries, bridges, trees, sites of former industrial activity and historic areas. But many well documented and highly valued places are still missing. As a result of this study, it is expected that the Wellington Shire will consider extending planning scheme protection to places that are well documented and have been assessed as being of at least local significance. This would involve public exhibition of any proposed amendment. The Stage 1 extension has reviewed two previous studies – those for Port Albert and Sale – enabling the Shire to proceed to seek heritage protection for important places within these two areas immediately. 2. Identifying heritage places Stage 1 of the study has established that the Wellington Shire contains a diverse and interesting range of places that reflect the history of the area and create a special character that is appreciated today by those who choose to live, work and visit the Wellington Shire. Nevertheless, the area is changing, with new development removing evidence of the past and - in many instances - changing the valued character of the area. These pressures vary across the Shire. A proactive program to document and protect heritage places is needed. 3. Assessing the significance of that heritage Stage 1 of the study has provided basic listing and analysis of heritage places throughout the municipality. The Stage 1 extension has enabled the significance of a large number of unprotected places to be confirmed. It is envisaged that Stage 2 would involve a detailed examination and thorough assessment of significance for around 800 places (depending on priorities and resources). 4. Setting heritage objectives The objectives of planning should be consistent and compatible with legislative and administrative responsibilities and with assessed significance. Heritage objectives and policies will need to be added to both strategic and statutory planning documents, and integrated into Council’s corporate planning, monitoring and reporting processes. This will build on the commitments and direction contained in the Shire's Municipal Strategic Statement, and will provide the basis for the Heritage Plan (see item 6 below). 5. Identifying constraints and opportunities Conservation of significant heritage places may not always be achievable, or even desirable. But by knowing about the significance of heritage places, these values can be recognised in the decision-making process. In many instances, this will result in a better outcome and one

19 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 that enables important parts of the Wellington Shire's heritage to be kept for future generations to appreciate. Consulting with the community, commenced during the present study, should be continued in Stage 2 to help build support for heritage protection. There is considerable local interest in the history of the whole Shire and of specific local areas. Those with a keen interest have demonstrated their willingness to help during Stage 1. This should be built on during Stage 2 with appropriate training, encouragement and support. Interest within the wider community, and the Shire's many tourists, would be enhanced by the publication of a well-illustrated environmental history at the end of Stage 2. 6. Developing a Heritage Plan A Heritage Plan would propose strategic directions and specific actions for the Council. A Heritage Plan would usually include: • heritage objectives • opportunities and constraints • policies and guidelines • proposals for planning scheme protection of significant places • activities and programs to build community awareness and appreciation of heritage places • incentives and assistance programs to encourage and assist private owners to conserve heritage places. 7. Implementing the Heritage Plan The Heritage Plan would continue to be implemented as part of the Wellington Shire's normal activities. Progress on the plan would be monitored by the Shire and reported on regularly. 4.2 Recommended program Overview A five year program to progressively provide Stage 2 assessment and documentation, followed by protection for significant heritage places through the planning scheme is recommended. The Stage 2 assessment and documentation is proposed to be based on a series of locality- based studies where the significance of the places identified in Stage 1 is assessed and documented. Around 800 places are proposed for assessment and documentation, including both high (583) and medium (218) priority places. The proposed localities and Planning Scheme amendments are:

Year Date Stage 2 Locality-based Study Planning Scheme amendment

1 2005-06 Yarram & district (old Alberton Sale Shire and a bit of Rosedale) Port Albert 2 2006-07 Rosedale-Cowarr area (old Rosedale Yarram & district Shire – part) 3 2007-08 Maffra & district Rosedale-Cowarr area 4 2009-10 Stratford – to the coast Maffra & district Remote/North inc Dargo

20 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Any other places that have come up by then, anywhere in Shire. 5 2010-2011 Stratford – to the coast Remote/North inc Dargo Any other places

Involving communities throughout the Shire in the next stage of the heritage study, especially through their participation in the ‘locality’ programs, would be an important component of the Stage 2 project. Support for these communities could be provided through Council’s community development activities. Property owners and managers will also need to be closely involved. They will be keen to know if their property is being considered and may want to offer historical information about the development of the property over time and their associations with it. They will also need information about heritage protection, its benefits and consequences for them, the process of amending the planning scheme to provide heritage protection and their rights to have their views heard. An important, and early, step would be extending the heritage advisory service to all properties recognised in the Stage 1 study as suitable for listing on the planning scheme and to those identified as of high priority for assessment in Stage 2. Finally, a heritage plan or policy needs to be developed to help guide the Shire in its future heritage activities. The scope of the heritage plan will reflect the issues and challenges facing the Shire and the community in caring for Wellington’s important heritage places. For example it could cover topics such as: assisting owners of heritage properties; building heritage expertise within Council and staff; increasing community appreciation of heritage; using heritage as part of local tourism projects; etc. 4.3 Planning Scheme protection for heritage places Initial Planning Scheme Amendment: Sale and Port Albert Action to implement the review of the Sale Heritage Study (1994) and the Port Albert Conservation Study (1982) is strongly recommended and should be given a high priority. The heritage values of both of these localities has long been acknowledged and adding significant places to the Heritage Schedule in the Planning Scheme is the best way forward. Planning scheme protection does not prevent development; rather it enables heritage values to be considered along with other important factors. The heritage values of both Port Albert and Sale are important assets for each town and its community. During this study, many people have expressed their disappointment in the Shire’s lack of adequate action to protect the heritage of these two localities. No doubt there are others who disagree, seeing heritage as a limitation to their development aspirations. Evidence throughout many parts of Victoria and beyond, demonstrates that heritage and good development can go hand-in-hand. Consulting with property owners and the wider local community will be essential. Good information should be prepared and distributed widely. Property owners should be advised directly of Council’s intention and be given the opportunity to find out more about the benefits and disbenefits of heritage protection, given their particular circumstances. The key tasks for Council prior to proceeding with a planning scheme amendment are: • mapping places onto planning scheme maps and checking precinct boundaries for Sale (see above)

21 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 • preparing suitable information for property owners and deciding how best to consult with them • preparing information for the wider community • preparing a program for and allocating staff resources for the amendment process. Subsequence heritage amendments would also use the approach and information materials developed for this first heritage amendment. Other well documented places Appendix 8 lists a number of other well-documented heritage places that could be considered for inclusion in a planning scheme amendment. Many of these places are on public land and have been documented through other studies. Some will require a little additional work to ensure that all the information, including maps, have been prepared to the standard required. Consultation with the property owner or manager is recommended as part of the process of completing the documentation and going forward to an amendment. 4.4 Program of Stage 2 locality heritage studies The above program is indicative and needs to be refined in consultation with Council officers, the Steering Committee and local community groups. Key aspects The program proposes: • A locality heritage study each year, thereby progressively completing work across the whole Shire. Working in localities is very effective as it enables community members to get involved and reduces field work time and travel. • A forward program to give certainty to other localities that they are not forgotten, and to enable people within those communities to start collecting up useful information to help their locality study once it starts. • Building a support network for the community groups who have participated in the Stage 1 study and are expected to be keenly interested in Stage 2. In addition, such a network should be expansive and inclusive in nature, seeking to draw in those with interests in heritage and history from outside the established group. • Working with schools and East Gippsland TAFE, the locality studies can provide opportunities for local projects through interested schools. The forward program will enable schools to build their contribution into their own activities if they wish. • Seeking a financial contribution from Heritage Victoria towards each of the Stage 2 locality heritage studies. • Seeking a financial contribution towards the establishing of a support network. Possible sources including Department of Victorian Communities, the Community Support Fun and other community capacity building programs should be investigated. The Heritage Network East Gippsland Inc should be considered as one possible model. Heritage Victoria would support the locality based studies, but will require Wellington Shire Council to demonstrate its commitment to protecting places already identified in Sale and Port Albert. Applications for funding from Heritage Victoria are competitive and based on assessment of a funding application. The next funding round is expected to be in the second half of 2005.

22 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Components of each study Each Stage 2 locality heritage study will involve a series of similar steps: • Checking the final priority list with the knowledgeable individuals and groups involved in Stage 1, asking them to contribute any information they hold and to identify any published source materials (some have already done this). • Field survey (including mapping and photographs) where needed (see recommendations for each place) • Historical research • Assessment of significance against the criterion • Documentation to an agreed standard (as set by Heritage Victoria) • Recommendations as to which places and/or precincts should be added to the Heritage Schedule of the Shire's planning scheme. Resources required The following table indicates the number of places that could be considered in each of the proposed four Stage 2 local heritage studies.

Year Date Stage 2 Locality- High priority Medium Total based Study places priority places

1 2005-06 Yarram & district 189 68 254 2 2006-07 Rosedale-Cowarr 130 47 177 district 3 2007-08 Maffra & district 175 59 234 4 2009-10 Stratford & district 89 44 133 Northern areas including Dargo.

To assess the high priority places in each of these locality based studies is likely to require a budget based on an average allowance of $500-650 per place (with incremental increases annually to reflect changes in CPI). The average amount per place is based on historical research, field inspection, assessment and documentation. The lower figure indicates savings that can be made if some historical research and gathering of information is undertaken by local groups and individuals with an interest in history. In terms of allocating a budget for these studies, it is important that the Shire determines how much it can afford and that a final list of places for the locality study be determined to fit the budget available. The list of places should be refined in consultation with the community. From experience, it is better to spend more time undertaking adequate assessments of places rather than trying to spread the budget across a wider number of places. Recent independent Panel hearings on planning scheme amendments have reinforced the need for assessments of places proposed to be included in the Heritage Overlay to be properly justified by the supporting information. A staged approach whereby places of high priority are assessed first and other places are identified and assessed as further resources become available could also be considered.

23 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 4.5 Engaging the community Many people throughout the community actively assisted during Stage 1. The broad representation on the Steering Committee was important. Local communities and their representatives should contribute to each of the Stage 2 locality heritage studies, helping review the Stage 1 list, building up local information in advance of their locality study, and participating actively in each study. The proposed approach to Stage 2 will offer many opportunities for local participation and the building of knowledge and skills. The wider community will need to be kept informed about the progress of the study, building on the very successful media articles used in Stage 1. Development of a simple heritage newsletter (or "study update") would be worthwhile. It could also report on the work being done by the local organisations. Community organisations with a strong interest in heritage places be linked together into a stronger heritage network through their involvement with the locality studies. A newsletter would help keep them up-to-date and to exchange information and results. In the longer term, development of a heritage network will help advance the Wellington Shire's goal of building community awareness and appreciation of heritage places. Organisations with a strong interest in the natural environment may also be interested in a heritage network. It is difficult to estimate the resources required as this will depend on the specific actions taken, and the extent to which these are undertaken by Council officers rather than by external consultants. The neighbouring Shire of East Gippsland has developed a number of different approaches to involving local communities. Wellington Shire may wish to draw on some of these techniques. These include: heritage training for community members; a heritage kit designed to help research and document historic places; local case studies model; use of a local coordinator. 4.6 Heritage Plan Development of a Heritage Plan for the Wellington Shire that identifies the issues facing the Shire in seeking to protect heritage places and the mechanisms available, including statutory measures, policies, incentives for property owners and managers, community education and awareness. The Plan should include timing for further research phases and for the required implementation actions by Council. The scope of the Heritage Plan is described in the Stage 2 standard study brief available from Heritage Victoria. Development of a Heritage Plan would also typically involve a Council and a community workshop. It would normally require around one-two weeks work, depending on the level of detail required. This would involve a budget of around $6000-$8000. As an immediate step towards assisting owners of heritage properties, the Shire should extend its Heritage Advisory Service to cover all of the places with potential to be added to the Planning Scheme and all the high priority places identified in Stage 1. 4.7 Review of Environmental History The Environmental History prepared during Stage 1 should be reviewed as further work proceeds on the research and assessment of heritage places. This will enable further information to be incorporated into the final version of the Environmental History. It is estimated that this may involve one-two weeks work for a budget of around $4000-$6000. The final Environmental History could be published to help build community appreciation and awareness of the heritage of the Wellington Shire.

24 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

4.8 In the interim No matter how soon Stage 2 commences, the program envisages a time frame of 5 years. Some recommendations are offered below about steps the Shire may wish to take in the interim. Property owners It is recommended that the Shire consider how best to keep property owners informed about any steps towards protecting heritage places by the Shire. This could involve developing a mailing list based on the places identified in Stage 1 - especially those identified as a high priority - and using it to keep property owners informed. Once the study is completed, it will then be an easy task to invite property owners to the launch of the study. Community involvement The Shire should endeavour to keep informed and involved all of those individuals and organisations that contributed to Stage 1. It is suggested that this can be done by: • Advising those who contributed to Stage 1 that this stage has been completed and inviting them to participate in Stage 2 • Preparing a brochure on the next stages of the study that explains clearly the findings of Stage 1, the priorities and process for Stage 2, potential outcomes from the whole study and the availability of the Shire's heritage adviser. • Involving individuals and organisations in the research and investigation of tasks during Stage 2 of the study. Building and Planning Approvals Because of the amount of change within some parts of the municipality, it is recommended that the Shire identify the places recognised in Stage 1 of the study as having some level of significance on its internal planning and building information systems. This will ensure that Council officers are alerted to any possible heritage significance should a permit application be received. This may enable heritage advice to be obtained by the Shire to help the property owners develop a solution that meets their needs and respects the heritage values of the place. Environmental and landscape values A number of places that appear to have environmental and/or landscape values were identified in Stage 1. Many of these places were recognised through the national estate studies for the Regional Forest Agreement process, and are therefore on the Wellington Heritage Database. Most of these places are not considered to fall within the scope of this study. When resources allow, the Shire should review these places to determine whether any warrant assessment and protection for their natural and aesthetic values, for example through the Significant Landscape Overlay in the Planning Scheme. 4. 9 After Stage 2 Stage 2 will not complete the heritage assessments that the Shire may wish or need to undertake. After Stage 2 the Shire will need to ensure that it has the resources to: • Assess any additional places that come forward from time to time • Support the local historical societies in their endeavours to continue to research heritage places, including those ranked as medium priority in Stage 1.

25 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 APPENDIX 1: HERITAGE PLACES PROTECTED BY THE PLANNING SCHEME

PS Map Ref Heritage Place

ALBERTON HO1 House, Johnson Street (Manns Beach Road), Alberton. Part CA A/2. HO2 House, Johnson Street (Manns Beach Road), Alberton. Part CA 3-6/3. HO3 ‘Mareen’, House, Banks Street, Alberton. Town Lot 5/2. HO5 Store & residence, Turnbull Street, Alberton. Town Lot 19/2. HO6 House, Streleski Street, Alberton. Town Lots 1 & 2/3. HO7 House, Kirksop Street, Alberton. Town Lot 17/3. HO8 House, Danser Street, Alberton. Suburban Lot ¼. HO9 House, Turnbull Street, Alberton. Town Lot, Part CA 1/7. HO10 Victoria Hotel, Turnbull Street, Alberton. Town Lot, Part CA 3/9. HO11 ‘Eabon Eabon’ House, Hawdon Street, Alberton. Town Lot, Part CA 4/17. HO12 Former Alberton Butter Factory, Russell Street, Alberton. Suburban Lot 4/17. HO13 Farm House, Yarram-Alberton Road (South Gippsland Highway), Alberton. Part CA 63. HO14 House and Site, Yarram-Alberton Road (South Gippsland Highway), Alberton. Part CA 63. HO15 House and Site, Yarram-Alberton Road (South Gippsland Highway), Alberton. Part CA 100. HO16 House, Yarram-Alberton Road (Pound Road East), Alberton. Part CA 103. HO22 House, Old Port Road, Alberton. CA 67D, 13.0.1. BRIAGOLONG HO78 Mechanics Institute, Avon Street, Briagolong. HO79 ‘Mount View’, Gorge Road, Briagolong. BUDALAGUAH HO77 Primary School No. 1107, Maffra-Sale Road, Budalaguah. CLYDEBANK HO54 Clydebank Bridge Scarred Trees, approximately 150 ha, Bengworden Road, north- east of Sale. COWWARR HO66 Former Cowwarr Butter Factory Co. Ltd. Traralgon-Maffra Road, Cowwarr. HO67 ‘Homeview’ Homestead, Heyfield Road, Cowwarr. DARGO HO48 Old Hotel Dargo High Plains Road, Dargo. HO107 Grant Historic Area, McMillans Road, Dargo.

26 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

PS Map Ref Heritage Place

HO113 Harrisons Cut Gold Diversion Site, Dargo River. HO114 Jungle Creek, Gold Mining Division Site, Dargo River. HO115 Good Hope Quartz Goldmining Precinct. McMillan Track. Grant Historic Area. FULHAM HO59 ‘Fulham Park’ Homestead, Fulham. GELLIONDALE HO81 Gelliondale Briquette Plant, Coal Pit Road (Lanes Road) and South Gippsland Highway, Gelliondale. GLENCAIRN HO108 Barkly River Bridge. Licola–Glencairn Road, Glencairn. HIAWATHA HO110 ‘A’ Frame Bridge. Little Albert River Crossing, Albert River Road, Hiawatha. LICOLA HO109 Cheynes Bridge. Macalister River crossing Heyfield-Jamieson Road (Licola Road). MAFFRA HO53 ‘Strathavon Nuntin’, RMB 6196, Beet Road via Maffra. HO74 Primary School No. 861, Church Street, Maffra. HO71 Bank, 64 Johnson Street, Maffra. HO72 Court House, Johnson Street, Maffra. HO73 Shop, 75 Johnson Street, Maffra. HO75 Boisdale Homestead, outbuildings, water tower, Maffra-Briagolong Road, Maffra. HO76 ‘Mewburn Park’, Stables, Tinamba Road (Traralgon Maffra Road). NEWRY HO80 Mechanics Institute, Boisdale-Newry Road, Newry. PALMERSTON/PORT ALBERT HO24 House, Albany Street, Palmerston. CA 4/1, 0a.20. HO25 House, Brisbane Street, Palmerston. CA ½, 0.1.38 HO26 House, Denison Street, Palmerston. CA 8/5. HO30 Police Station (former), Denison Street and Colville Street, Palmerston. CA 4/4. HO31 Immigration Barracks (former), Denison Street and Colville Street, Palmerston. CA 3, 4/4. HO28 House, Fitzroy Street, Palmerston. CA 6/8. HO23 ‘Tarrawonga’, Port Albert-Tarraville Road, Palmerston. CA 79A, 7a 3.36. PORT ALBERT HO32 Footings of former Powder Magazine, off Bay Street, near East Street, Port Albert. HO35 Old Port foreshore reserve, south of Old Port Road, Port Albert. HO34 Port Albert Heritage Area.

27 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

PS Map Ref Heritage Place

HO116 Former Turnbull Orr and Co Bond Store and Office, Port Albert. HO108 Maritime Museum, Tarraville Road, Port Albert. CA A of 2/5. ROSEDALE HO58 St Mark’s Anglican Church, Albert Street, Rosedale. HO111 Railway Bridge over Latrobe River & floodplain. Dandenong – Sale (Main Gippsland) Railway, Rosedale. HO60 Rosedale Hotel, Lyons Street, Rosedale. HO57 Old primary school, brick building, Prince Street, Rosedale. HO62 Mechanics Institute, Prince Street, Rosedale. HO64 Masonic Hall, Prince Street, Rosedale. HO65 Old Post Office building, Prince Street, Rosedale. HO63 ‘Ridge’ Homestead, Rosedale. HO69 ‘Nambrok’ Homestead, Princes Highway, Rosedale. HO70 ‘Holey Plain’ Homestead, Rosedale Longford Road, 11 km east of Rosedale. HO82 Railway Station complex, Willung Road, Rosedale. SALE HO97 Sale Cemetery, Sale-Maffra Road (Back Maffra Road), Sale. HO99 ‘Bishopscourt’, Cranswick Crescent, Sale. HO96 Remnant trees, Cunninghame Street, Sale. HO100 St Paul’s Anglican Cathedral, 149 Cunninghame Street, Sale. HO87 ‘Bon Accord’, 153-155 Dawson, Sale. HO83 Court House, Foster Street, Sale. HO104 St Mary’s Cathedral (Catholic), former Convent, organ, and Primary School, 47-57 Foster Street, Sale. HO45 ‘Grassdale’ Homestead, Grassdale Road and Maffra Sale Road, Sale. HO91 ‘Fitzpatrick House’, 143-138 Guthridge Parade, Sale. HO84 Primary School No. 545, Macalister Street, Sale. HO101 Victoria Hall, 45-49 Macalister Street, Sale. HO85 Criterion Hotel, 90-94 Macalister Street, Sale. HO102 Victoria Park, 101-103 Macalister Street, Sale. HO92 ‘Gables’, 118-120 Macarthur Street, Sale. HO105 ‘Glebe’, CA94, Maffra-Sale Road, Sale. HO88 Charles and Elizabeth Ayres Memorial Nurses Home, 36-48 Palmerston Street, Sale. HO103 St Patrick’s College, 29-41 Pearson Street, Sale. HO106 King George V Jubilee Avenue, Princes Highway, Sale. HO86 Sale Heritage Area HO61 Latrobe River Swing Bridge, South Gippsland Highway, south of Sale. HO86 ‘Bishopscourt’, 51 Raglan Street, Sale.

28 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

PS Map Ref Heritage Place

HO98 St Anne’s and Gippsland Grammar School, 52-66 Raymond Street, Sale. HO90 Continuing Education Centre, 63-67 Raymond Street, Sale. HO89 Cobb & Co Stables, 199 Raymond Street, Sale. HO95 Powder Magazine, 37-45 Stephenson Street, Sale. HO94 Our Lady of Sion Convent, 123 York Street, Sale. HO93 Mechanics Institute Group, 125-141 York Street, Sale. SALE/KILMANY HO68 ‘Kilmany Park’ Homestead, Pearsondale Road, Sale/Kilmany. STRATFORD HO46 ‘Strathfieldsaye’ Homestead, Perry Bridge, via Stratford. HO50 Library, Princes Highway, Stratford. HO52 Old Methodist Church, Hobson Street, Stratford. HO55 Knob Reserve, Old Redbank Road, 2.5 km south-east of Stratford. HO56 Ramahyuck Cemetery Reserve, Ramahyuck Road, 17 km south-east of Stratford. TARRAVILLE HO37 House, Bridge Street, Tarraville. CA 2/4. HO41 Farm House, Loughnan Street, Tarraville. Lot E of Block 13. HO18 ‘Woodcot Park’, Tannery Road (Manns Beach Road), Myrtle Point/Tarraville. CA 29. HO19 Farm house, Tannery Road (Manns Beach Road), Myrtle Point. CA 30. HO21 House, Tannery Road (Manns Beach Road), Myrtle Point/Tarraville. CA 105E 1a 0.4. HO36 Christ Anglican Church, Tyers Street, Tarraville. CA 3-6/1, 1a. HO39 Ruinous house, Manns Beach Road and Old Sale Road, Tarraville. Section 23. HO42 ‘Green Hills’ farm complex, Ray’s Road, Tarraville. Lot 18a. HO40 House, former Commercial Hotel, Reeve Street, Lot south of south east corner McCabe Street and Reeve Street, Tarraville. Section 1. HO44 Farm complex, Shaws Road, Tarraville. CA 7. HO38 State School, Stewart Street, Robertsons Beach Road, and McCrae Street, Tarraville. CA 9-10/6. YARRAM HO33 Court House, Commercial Road, Yarram. HO27 Yarram Butter Factory, Commercial Road (South Gippsland Highway), Yarram. HO43 “Hawthorn Bank”, farm complex, Pound Road, Yarram OTHER

HO112 Morning Star Gold Battery Site, Morning Star Creek (Donnelly Creek Goldfields). HO 117 Goodwood Sawmill – Mullundung State Forest

29 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 APPENDIX 2: CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA The criteria for the Register of the National Estate (below) were used in this study. CRITERION A: ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE COURSE, OR PATTERN, OF AUSTRALIA'S NATURAL OR CULTURAL HISTORY A.1 Importance in the evolution of Australian flora, fauna, landscapes or climate. A.2 Importance in maintaining existing processes or natural systems at the regional or national scale. A.3 Importance in exhibiting unusual richness or diversity of flora, fauna, landscapes or cultural features. A.4 Importance for association with events, developments or cultural phases which have had a significant role in the human occupation and evolution of the nation, State, region or community. CRITERION B: ITS POSSESSION OF UNCOMMON, RARE OR ENDANGERED ASPECTS OF AUSTRALIA'S NATURAL OR CULTURAL HISTORY B.1 Importance for rare, endangered or uncommon flora, fauna, communities, ecosystems, natural landscapes or phenomena, or as a wilderness. B.2 Importance in demonstrating a distinctive way of life, custom, process, land-use, function or design no longer practised, in danger of being lost, or of exceptional interest CRITERION C: ITS POTENTIAL TO YIELD INFORMATION THAT WILL CONTRIBUTE TO AN UNDERSTANDING OF AUSTRALIA'S NATURAL OR CULTURAL HISTORY C.1 Importance for information contributing to a wider understanding of Australian natural history, by virtue of its use as a research site, teaching site, type locality, reference or benchmark site. C.2 Importance for information contributing to a wider understanding of the history of human occupation of Australia. CRITERION D: ITS IMPORTANCE IN DEMONSTRATING THE PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS OF: (I) A CLASS OF AUSTRALIA'S NATURAL OR CULTURAL PLACES; OR (II) A CLASS OF AUSTRALIA'S NATURAL OR CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTS D.1 Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of the range of landscapes, environments or ecosystems, the attributes of which identify them as being characteristic of their class. D.2 Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of the range of human activities in the Australian environment (including way of life, philosophy, custom, process, land use, function, design or technique). CRITERION E: ITS IMPORTANCE IN EXHIBITING PARTICULAR AESTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS VALUED BY A COMMUNITY OR CULTURAL GROUP E.1 Importance for a community for aesthetic characteristics held in high esteem or otherwise valued by the community. CRITERION F: ITS IMPORTANCE IN DEMONSTRATING A HIGH DEGREE OF CREATIVE OR TECHNICAL ACHIEVEMENT AT A PARTICULAR PERIOD F.1 Importance for its technical, creative, design or artistic excellence, innovation or achievement. CRITERION G: ITS STRONG OR SPECIAL ASSOCIATIONS WITH A PARTICULAR COMMUNITY OR CULTURAL GROUP FOR SOCIAL, CULTURAL OR SPIRITUAL REASONS

30 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

G.1 Importance as a place highly valued by a community for reasons of religious, spiritual, symbolic, cultural, educational, or social associations. CRITERION H: ITS SPECIAL ASSOCIATION WITH THE LIFE OR WORKS OF A PERSON, OR GROUP OF PERSONS, OF IMPORTANCE IN AUSTRALIA'S NATURAL OR CULTURAL HISTORY H.1 Importance for close associations with individuals whose activities have been significant within the history of the nation, State or region.

31 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 APPENDIX 3: WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY BROCHURE

Brochure follows this page.

32 Local Government And Heritage be advised and could object if they were unhappy with the idea of heritage protection for Wellington Shire has a responsibility to protect their property. local heritage places through the Planning The Heritage Overlay means that a planning Scheme. The Shire supports the idea that these permit is required if an owner intends to: places are important and worth protecting. • subdivide or consolidate land The Shire is interested in finding out which heritage places are considered to be significant • demolish or remove a building and valued by the local community. To do this, the Shire has recently commissioned Stage 1 of • construct a building a heritage study. This community-based study externally alter a building by structural work, aims to document and assess all historic places • Help Protect It rendering, sandblasting or in any other way of cultural significance to the local community and make recommendations regarding their • construct or carry out works future preservation. • construct or display a sign This brochure has been prepared to inform the local community about the heritage study and • remove, destroy, prune or lop a tree where answer frequently asked questions about heritage controls apply heritage controls in the Wellington Shire. The Shire may require a permit for painting of What happens if my property is unpainted stone or brick surfaces. nominated as part of Stage 1? At present the Shire's planning scheme protects more than 100 heritage places under a Heritage Stage 1 is about finding out about all of the Overlay. places that could be considered as part of the Shire's heritage. No decision about heritage For more information protection will be taken until after the completion Visit Council’s web site, or contact Petra Wood of Stage 2. on 1300 366 244. Council will notify owners and occupiers of properties that will be assessed in Stage 2. What does heritage protection mean? Stage 2 of the study will include recommendations about the protection of the most significant places through the Heritage Overlay in the Planning Scheme. Owners would Wellington Shire’s Heritage

Do You Know Of Any Plans That • Heritage places may be aesthetically European graziers, in search of good land, were pleasing, rare or particularly interesting. Are Part Of Our Heritage? the first non-indigenous people to explore the What’s more, heritage places help shape the central Gippsland area in 1839. Pastoralism and Wellington Shire is large and has a diverse and identity of the local community. other industries such as gold mining and timber complex history. There are many places - milling were responsible for opening up the area buildings, landscapes, sites, structures, precincts to permanent European settlement. The Wellington Shire Heritage Study - that reflect important parts of our history. Some of these places may be worthy of recognition as The Wellington Shire, an amalgamation of the part of our local heritage. former Shires of Alberton, Avon, Maffra, the City The Wellington Heritage Study will be conducted of Sale and the majority of the former Shire of in two distinct stages. The Wellington Shire Heritage Study will aim to Rosedale, was established in 1994. It is over identify and research as many places as Stage 1 of the study was commissioned in 10,000 square kilometres in size and its possible. December 2000 and is already well underway. boundaries extend from the Bass Strait coastline Stage 1 is essentially a scoping and data To do this, the Shire needs your help. If you in the south to the Victorian Uplands in the north. collection phase. With the aid of the local know of any interesting historic places, please: Given its size and variation in geography it is not community, the consultant team will identify surprising that the Shire possesses an interesting places of potential cultural significance. This • Attend a local meeting during July/August - and diverse cultural heritage. Stage involves: ring Petra at the Wellington Shire Council on 1300 366 244 for details

What Is Heritage? • preparing a concise thematic history • Complete the nomination form on line at Why Do We Need To Protect It? • holding a series of local meetings with www.wellington.vic.gov.au interested people to find out about potential heritage places Send a letter to the Shire with (at least) the The definition of heritage is broad and it can • address of the place, a short description and carry different meanings for different people. • looking local examples of potential heritage history, and a few words on why you think it Heritage places are important and are worthy of places following the local meetings, and is significant. our care for a variety of reasons. assessing these places as being of high, medium or low priority; the detailed heritage • Heritage places provide evidence of assessment in Stage 2 would probably look

important themes in a locality's history. at the high and medium priority places making recommendations to the Shire about • Heritage places have often played an how to approach Stage 2 of the study important role in the development of the social and economic life of a local • making recommendations to the Shire about community. how to approach Stage 2 of the study WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

APPENDIX 4: PRELIMINARY THEME LIST

Local Theme Type 1. Exploration 1.1 Discovery of coastline 1.2 Pioneer explorers 1.3 Pastoral occupation 1.4 Botanical exploration 1.5 Surveying 2. Settling the land 2.1 Phases of land settlement 2.2 Immigration 3. Developing primary production 3.1 Grazing 3.2 Dairying 3.3 Crops 4. Exploiting natural resources 4.1 Gold mining 4.2 Brown coal mining 4.3 Quarrying 4.4 Oil and gas 4.5 Timber 4.6 Fishing 5. Transport and communications 5.1 Shipping 5.2 Roads 5.3 Bridges 5.4 Railways 5.5 Air services 5.6 Communications 6. The environment and managing public land 6.1 National parks and reserves 6.2 Changes to lakes and rivers 6.3 Fires and floods 6.4 Introduced species 7. Building settlements and towns 7.1 Ports

33 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

7.2 Service centres 7.3 Small farming centres 7.4 Tourist towns 7.5 Gold towns 7.6 Timber towns 8. Governing and administering 8.1 Development of local government 8.2 Aboriginal administration and Ramahyuck Mission Station 8.3 Public buildings and public works 8.4 Education 8.5 Mechanics Institutes 8.6 Health and medical services 8.7 War and defence 9. Developing cultural institutions and ways of life 9.1 Religion 9.2 Memorials 9.3 Cemeteries 9.4 Forming associations, recreation 9.5 Writers and artists

34 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

APPENDIX 5: STANDARD SET OF RECOMMENDATIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS Stage 1 Stage 2 Final Priority Ranking (if can be determined)

Aboriginal places Consult with Aboriginal Affairs Victoria about Aboriginal - any recent investigations, and about the place (refer protection of the place. Depending on their AAV) advice, seek access and assessment, or initiate protection. Sites Mark and interpret site to ensure its history and Local Low Local local associations are not lost. significance interest as a site only Mark and interpret site to ensure its name, Local Low Local history and local associations are not lost. significance interest as a site only If the history of this place is important to the Local Low Local local community, mark and interpret site to significance interest as a ensure its history and local associations are not site only lost. Otherwise, no action is required. Plaques These are primarily places listed on the Recognised on No action: Local Wellington Shire Monuments Register and Wellington already interest have been added to this database for Shire recognised completeness. Monuments Register Landscape General landscape feature, not at risk. Mark Local Low Local features and interpret area to ensure its name, history significance interest as a and local associations are not lost. site only Natural feature, therefore a low priority for Local Low Local further assessment, but worth its history being significance interest interpreted at the place. Local community Important as the local cemetery serving this Local Low importance community. Worthy of detailed documentation significance if this has not already been done. Low priority only because it is not considered at risk and is well-maintained. As a recent building serving the local Local Low Local community, this ….is likely to be primarily of significance interest local interest. A community commemorative monument, of Local Low Local local importance. Of low priority for Stage 2 significance interest due to the relatively low level of threat. Could be given planning scheme protection by the Shire. Stage 2 Worthy of detailed investigation - visit property Local High investigation by prior arrangement with owner plus historical significance (or Medium warranted research. higher) Worthy of detailed investigation - visit property Local Medium by prior arrangement with owner plus historical significance research. Uncertainty of extent of evidence that

35 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 survives suggests medium priority to allow for additional work prior to inspection. Worthy of detailed investigation, especially Local High historical research. significance Further field investigation in Stage 2 if Local Medium information from ……. Historical Society significance suggests there is any evidence of racecourse surviving. Otherwise mark and interpret site to ensure its history and local associations are not lost. Important theme, and part of a larger industrial Local High complex. Worthy of detailed investigation and significance (or inspection, using historical research from higher) Macalister Landscapes (or other source) as starting point. Stage 2: Investigate archaeological potential, and then Local High Archaeology review significance and protection required. significance (or Medium higher) Interesting …………. (eg. outbuilding) Local Medium survives. Worthy of research on significance history/associations prior to further consideration of potential significance. Worthy of documentation and assessment; Local High good research/historical information already significance held. Stage 2: Schools Worthy of documentation and assessment; Local High good historical information probably readily significance available. Check schools studies done by Richard Peterson and others. Stage 2: Bridges Consider National Trust's final list of Classified Local High bridges, and assess in comparison to those and significance (or medium) other timber bridges. Exact bridge on railway line is difficult to Local Low determine from information available. National significance Trust's assessment suggests relatively low significance compared to other examples. Bridge identified on the Wellington Shire Local High (or Timber Bridges Register. Requires inspection significance medium) (not see in Stage 1). Assess in comparison to National Trust Classified bridges and any other relevant examples. Stage 2: Lime Complete documentation and assessment using Local High (may be kilns Harrington (2000). Inspection not required. significance (or known) regional) Stage 2: Precincts Key township building. Assess as part of a Local High precinct or group with …. significance Assess precinct as a whole (as well as a number Local High of individual places within the precinct that significance have been separately identified in the study) Stage 2: Requires field survey. One of a number of Local High Trees/plantings examples of the use of ……( a planting) known significance (or in Shire. Consider in relation to Shire's higher) proposed significant trees database.

36 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Stage 2: Remote Remote place. Seek local and other Local High Local places documentation and review potential significance (or Medium significance significance prior to inspection. (Significance higher) (or higher) will depend on evidence surviving as well as comparison with other like places.) Planning scheme Minimal extra work required to add place to Local Planning Local protection planning scheme. significance (or Scheme significance higher) (or higher) Minimal extra work required to add place to Local Planning Local planning scheme. This place is a large landscape significance (or Scheme significance area, primarily public land with aesthetic and higher) (or higher) social values. Requires minimal additional work to enable Local High Local protection under the planning scheme. A short significance (or significance history and concise description and extent of higher) (or higher) significance is all that is required. Documentation, assessment and significance are Local Planning Local sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for significance (or Scheme significance immediate protection under the Planning higher) (or higher) Scheme. On National Trust Significant Trees Register, Local Planning Local therefore of sufficient significance to be significance (or Scheme significance protected under Planning Scheme. higher) (or higher) Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a Local Planning Local permit is required from Heritage Victoria for significance (or Scheme significance any disturbance to place (including higher) (or higher) conservation works). Requires documentation to support existing Assessed & No Action: protection under planning scheme. protected Already included in Planning Scheme Not seen in Stage Not seen during Stage 1 and little information Not seen Medium 1 available. Warrants preliminary research by during Stage 1 Historical Society to confirm or change medium priority. Not seen during Stage 1 and little information Not seen High available. Warrants preliminary research by during Stage 1 Historical Society to confirm or change high priority. Although not seen during Stage 1, sounds Not seen High worthy of detailed investigation, especially during Stage 1 historical research. Not seen during Stage 1. Warrants preliminary Not seen research. Field survey is needed throughout this during Stage 1 area to identify places of potential heritage significance Altered/relocated Altered externally, and relocated. Inspect Local Low buildings internally to determine if evidence of its significance original function survives. Low priority because of the extent of changes. Relocated and (altered). Inspect to determine extent of change. Medium (or low) priority

37 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 only because of relocation. Location Location not known to locals. (Not thought to Not able to be No action unknown survive.) located in Stage 1

38 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

APPENDIX 6: LIST OF PLACES IDENTIFIED FOR STAGE 2 This summary table lists the high and medium priority places identified as of potential heritage significance and worthy of further investigation in Stage 2. It is arranged by locality and then by street address. The Wellington Heritage Places database contains the records of the 1787 places entered tup to the completion of Stage 1.

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Airly 1890 House Clydebank Road Medium Airly 1891 Airly Hall Clydebank Road Medium Airly 1628 Springfield Gibsons Road High Airly 1889 Williamsvale Settlement Road High Alberton 1935 Morses Medium House/Shop (site) Alberton 1393 Albert River High Railway Bridge No. 1 Alberton 1394 Albert River High Railway Bridge No. 2 Alberton 1934 Houses west of the Medium River Alberton 1395 Albert River High Floodway Railway Bridge Alberton 2296 Blackshaws Bridge Blackshaws Road Medium Alberton 1936 Shatwells House Manns Beach Road High Alberton 2302 Dawsons Bridge Old Welshpool Road Medium Alberton 741 Alberton Primary Thompson Street High School No. 1 Alberton 1937 The Reef Yarram - Port Albert Medium Road Alberton West 1963 Telegraph Road Medium Alberton West 1946 Hickey's Hill Medium Quarry Alberton West 1950 Mine shaft on High Greg Venings' Property Alberton West 1957 Rifle Range Medium Alberton West 1960 Stone Quarry Medium Alberton West 2050 Primary School, High

39 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct? Alberton West Alberton West 1397 Gelliondale Road Gelliondale Road Medium Bridge Alberton West 1953 Alberton West Gelliondale Road High Public Hall Alberton West 2307 Gillons Bridge Gillons Road Medium Alberton West 1964 The Gullett Old Welshpool Road Medium Alberton West 2421 Bridge Pound Road High Alberton West 1398 Sloping Bridge Pound Road West High Alberton West 2303 Deep Creek Pound Road West Medium Bridge Alberton West 740 Woodlands South Gippsland High Highway Alberton West 2427 Strays Haven South Gippsland High Highway Balook 602 Hut High Balook 603 Logging Winch High Balook 600 Gravel Pit Medium Balook 712 Bulga National Grand Ridge Road High Park Balook 1503 Moorfields Dairy Grand Ridge Road High and Well Balook 713 Suspension Bridge Grand Ridge Road High (Bulga National Park) Balook 599 Cooks Mill Old Yarra-Balook Rd High (Tarra Bulga National Park) Binginwarri 2475 Binginwarri Hall High Binginwarri 1400 Road Bridge - Albert River - Medium Binginwarri Welshpool Road Binginwarri 2323 Newtons Bridge Binginwarri South High Road Binginwarri 2315 Kays Bridge Binginwarri South High Road Binginwarri 2331 Everett's Bridge Everetts Road High Boisdale 2176 Boisdale Uniting High Church Boisdale 2133 Boisdale Township High Boisdale Main Street Precinct Boisdale 1567 Old Boisdale Medium Homestead

40 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct? (Pettigrews) Boisdale 2177 Blacksmiths & High Boisdale stables Main Street Precinct Boisdale 2134 Boisdale Boisdale/Newry Road Medium Consolidated School Boisdale 1743 Silos Boisdale-Valencia High Creek Road Boisdale 1880 Trees - Osage Fosters Hill - below Medium Orange & Elms Boisdale 753 St George's Maffra - Briagolong High Anglican Church Road Briagolong 1676 The Boarding High House Briagolong 1662 Anzac Park Medium Briagolong 1667 Bank Building High Briagolong (1910) (fmr) Town Centre Precinct Briagolong 1572 French's High Briagolong 1568 Roman Catholic High Briagolong Church Mechanics Precinct Briagolong 515 Gladstone Creek Medium Goldfield Area Briagolong 1675 Cottage (Mrs High Stevens) Briagolong 1569 All Saints Anglican High Briagolong Church Mechanics Precinct Briagolong 1677 Agnes Goldsmith's High Briagolong Cottage Mechanics Precinct Briagolong 1680 House (Billiard Medium Room) Briagolong 1560 The Delta Medium Briagolong 156 Briagolong Town High Briagolong Centre Precinct Town Centre Precinct Briagolong 2182 Briagolong High Briagolong Mechanics Mechanics Institute Precinct Precinct Briagolong 1672 Garage (fmr) High Briagolong

41 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct? Town Centre Precinct Briagolong 1653 Coffee Palace High Briagolong Town Centre Precinct Briagolong 1654 The Wine Hall Medium Briagolong Town Centre Precinct Briagolong 1660 Ollie Croxford's Avon St, cnr McLean High St Briagolong 1658 House Avon Street High Briagolong 1665 Post Office (1905) Avon Street High Briagolong (fmr) Mechanics Precinct Briagolong 1671 Willow Cottage Avon Street High Briagolong Town Centre Precinct Briagolong 1659 Briagolong RSL Avon Street High Log Cabin Briagolong 1678 House Blundy Street (cnr High Rosstrevor Ave) Briagolong 1754 Briagolong Boundary Road Medium Cemetery Briagolong 1681 House Cahill Street High Briagolong 1682 House Cahill Street High Briagolong 1683 House (Maurice Cahill Street High Conway) Briagolong 782 Primary School Church Street High Briagolong No. 1117 Mechanics Precinct Briagolong 1570 Presbyterian Church Street High Briagolong Church Mechanics Precinct Briagolong 1574 Hopville Dargo Road High Briagolong 1573 Balmoral Dargo Road High Briagolong 2127 Edward Bennett's Dargo Road High Briagolong 2180 McKinnon House Dargo Road Medium Briagolong 2123 Blair Athol Dargo Road High Briagolong 1669 Burger Billl's Forbes St (cnr Avon High Briagolong (Kellys Store) St) Town Centre Precinct

42 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Briagolong 1656 House Forbes Street High Briagolong 1673 Nissen Hut Forbes Street Medium Briagolong Town Centre Precinct Briagolong 1666 Butchers Shop, Forbes Street High Briagolong Briagolong Town Centre Precinct Briagolong 778 Briagolong Hotel Forbes Street High Briagolong Town Centre Precinct Briagolong 1668 Taylors Forbes Street Medium Briagolong Town Centre Precinct Briagolong 1755 Froam Freeston Creek Road Medium Briagolong 151 Track 96, Lees Freestone Creek Road, High Creek, Granite Lee Creek Track, Creek area Dargo Road Briagolong 2124 Alf Drews house Lees Road High Briagolong 2122 Coongunyah Maffra Road High Briagolong 1661 Cottage (1868) McLean Street High Briagolong 2179 O'Connors O'Connors Road High Briagolong 2341 Culloden Bridge Off Freestone Creek High Road Briagolong 1756 Mud brick houses Paddy Melon Gully Medium Briagolong 1679 House (Charlie Rosstrevor Avenue High and Grace Graham) Briagolong 2121 Forbes Gate Stratford Road Medium (Forbes Mill site) Briagolong 2181 Blacks Valencia Creek High Briagolong Road Briagolong 2126 Lottons Victoria Parade High Bundaluguah 2332 Cobains Bridge Cobains Lane High Bundaluguah 1634 Bundaluguah - Maffra - Sale Road Medium Myrtlebank Hall Bundaluguah 1888 Cottage Maffra Sale Road High Bundaluguah 1886 Glenvale Maffra Sale Road High Bundaluguah 1887 Fairview Maffra Sale Road High Bundaluguah 1632 Quarry Park Montgomery Road High

43 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Bundaluguah 1633 House Montgomery Road Medium Bundaluguah 1459 Road Bridge - Smiths Lane Medium Bundalaguah Bushy Park 158 Bushy Park High Bushy Park 2178 Angus McMillan Medium Memorial Callignee 2299 Tanners Bridge Tanners Road High Carrajung 1971 Carrajung High Cemetery Carrajung 1621 Carrajung High Memorial Park Gates Carrajung 2449 House and farm Carrajung-Woodside Medium complex Road Carrajung 777 Carrajung Primary McDermott Street High School Carrajung 1622 Carrajung Public McDermott Street High Hall (former Church) Carrajung 2448 Christ Church of Stirling Street Medium England Carrajung 1620 Carrajung Hotel Stirling Street (cnr Medium (former) McDermott Street) Carrajung 2316 Lays Bridge Carrajung Lower - High Lower Lays Road Connection Carrajung 2447 Carrajung South Old Currajung Road High South Public Hall Carrajung 2334 Pogues Bridge Pogues Bridge Road High South Castleburn 1405 Bulgaback bridge High and hotel complex (Castleburn) Castleburn 1922 Schefferles Hut Dargo Road High Castleburn 1583 Castleburn Dargo Road High Castleburn 1923 Bark huts (2) Former Dargo Road High Clydebank 1929 Redbank High Clydebank 1649 Stirling Holme Clydebank Road High Clydebank 1648 Charlecote Clydebank Road Medium Clydebank 1646 Bunjalene Clydebank Road (off) Medium Clydebank 1651 Clydebank Wharf Clydebank Road (on High river) Clydebank 1641 House Fosterton Road Medium

44 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Clydebank 1647 Ormond Hughes Road High Clydebank 1650 Redbank Wharf Redbank Road High Cobains 751 St Marks Church Medium of England, Cobains Coongulla 2106 Ryan Home Ryans Road High Coongulla 2105 Lanigans Bridge Weir Road Medium Coopers Creek 128 Bruntons Bridge High Cowwarr 1410 Thomson River Medium Railway Bridge Cowwarr 2093 Timber House High Cowwarr 2091 Group of Houses Medium Cowwarr 2090 Railway Station High House Cowwarr 1796 Hotel - Cowwarr High Cowwarr 2100 Old Houses Church Street Medium Cowwarr 2096 House Church Street High Cowwarr 2095 Leyshan Family Church Street High House Cowwarr 2089 Christ Church Church Street High Cowwarr 2075 St Bridgit's Church Street High Church & Hall Cowwarr 2099 Park - Elm Trees Church Street High Cowwarr 462 Cowwarr Church Street Medium Cemetery Reserve Cowwarr 2065 Callista Cowwarr Station High Road Cowwarr 2069 The Gorge Cowwarr-Walhalla High Road Cowwarr 2101 Old House Cricket Street Medium Cowwarr 2066 O'Brien House Dawson Road, cnr High Main Road Cowwarr 2068 Glenburn Hagues Lane High Cowwarr 1797 Lambrook Neilsons Road High Cowwarr 2102 Older Houses Railway Street Medium Cowwarr 1412 Rainbow Creek Rices Road High Bridge Cowwarr 2073 Ferney Toongabbie - Sale High Road Cowwarr 2074 Rillwood Toongabbie-Sale Road High

45 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Cowwarr 1798 The Loch Traralgon - Maffra High Raod Cowwarr 2067 The Poplars Traralgon Maffra High Road Cowwarr 2098 House Traralgon-Maffra Medium Road Cowwarr 2072 Arran Lodge Traralgon-Maffra High Road Cowwarr 2071 Riversleigh Traralgon-Maffra High Road Cowwarr 2094 House Traralgon-Maffra High Road Cowwarr 2070 Pine Grove Traralgon-Maffra High (Cowwarr) Road Cowwarr 2088 Cowwarr Public Traralgon-Maffra High Hall Road (Main Street) Cowwarr 2097 Shop - old Traralgon-Maffra High Road (Main Street) Cowwarr 2092 National Bank Traralgon-Maffra High Building Road (Main Street) Cowwarr 2087 House Traralgon-Maffra High Road (McMillanWay) Crooked River 581 Eagle Vale Hut Medium Crooked River 467 Crooked River Crooked River Road Medium Swing Bridges Crooked River 2340 Olivers Creek Wonangatta Road High Bridge Crooked River 1753 Kingwill Bridge Wonangatta Road High Dargo 585 Dargo Hotel High Dargo Town Centre Precinct Dargo 2139 Cemetery (Dargo) High Dargo Town Centre Precinct Dargo 752 St Peters Church High Dargo of England, Dargo Town Centre Precinct Dargo 417 Normanby Mine Medium Dargo 1893 House Dargo Road High Dargo 1417 Road Bridge - Dargo Road High Dargo Dargo 479 Dargo Township Dargo Road High Dargo Town

46 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct? Centre Precinct Dargo 1733 Dalmore Shearing Forest Road High Shed Dargo 1737 Dargo School No. Lind Avenue High Dargo 1081 Town Centre Precinct Dargo 2141 McGuires House Lind Avenue High Dargo Town Centre Precinct Dargo 1736 Dargo Public Hall Lind Avenue Medium Dargo 2140 Cottage Lind Avenue High Dargo Town Centre Precinct Dargo 1739 Myrtle Scott's Lind Avenue High Dargo House Town Centre Precinct Dargo 1738 Catholic Church Lind Avenue High Dargo (Dargo) Town Centre Precinct Dargo 1735 School House Lind Avenue High Dargo (Residence) Town Centre Precinct Dargo 1734 Avenue of Trees Lind Avenue High Dargo Town Centre Precinct Dargo 504 Lower Dargo Lower Dargo Road High Water Races Dargo 1892 Road bridge - Lower Dargo Road High Dargo Dargo 1732 Dargo Mill Lower Dargo Road Medium Dargo 2347 Orrs No. 3 Shortcut Road High (bridge) Dargo 552 Upper Dargo Upper Dargo Road Medium Diversion Tunnel Dargo High 548 Treasures Plain Dargo High Plains High Plains and Homestead Dargo High 1752 Mount Ewin Hut Dargo High Plains High Plains Road Darriman 1419 Tram Bridge Medium

47 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Darriman 763 Mechanics High Institute, Darriman Dawson 1421 Rail Bridge - Medium Dawson Dawson 2081 Spring Valley Cowwarr Seaton Road High Dawson 2083 Pinora Heyfield Dawson High Road Dawson 2082 Allman House Stoney Creek Road High Dawson 2084 Chester house Stoney Creek Road Medium Denison 1800 Wandocka Maffra-Rosedale Road Medium Homestead Devon North 2308 Glenrose Bridge Bolgers Road High Devon North 2437 Riversleigh Bulga Park Road High Devon North 2438 House and Cnr Bolger Road Medium Cottage Devon North 2312 Ingles Bridge Ingles Road High Devon North 2337 Whiskey Turner Off Tarra Valley Road High Bridge Devon North 2430 Devon North Tarra Valley Road High Public Hall Devon North 2435 St Luke's Uniting Tarra Valley Road Medium Church Devon North 2327 Widdons Bridge Widdons Road High Donnellys 1501 Tullamore Medium Creek Township Site Dutson 813 McCubbins Lime High Kiln Dutson 481 Lime Kiln, Dutson High Dutson 815 Dutson Irrigation High System Dutson 1748 Dutson School, Johnson Road High Hall and Cork Tree East Sale 1624 RAAF Base Aerodrome Road High Command Centre East Sale 1626 House Aerodrome Road Medium East Sale 1625 East Sale RAAF Aerodrome Road High Base East Sale 1613 Mynard house Aerodrome Road (cnr High Somerton Park Road) Fernbank 2345 Perry River Bridge Stockdale-Fernbank High Road

48 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Flynn 1765 P & V Norton Collier's Lane Medium Property Flynn 2304 Bridge over Flynns Old Melbourne Road High Creek Flynn 1767 Blackwood Princes Highway High Flynn 1768 Geo-Stockdale Princes Highway High Property Flynn 1770 The Avenues Princes Highway High Flynn 1769 Pine Grove Princes Highway High Flynn 2310 Bridge over Flynns Rathjens Road Medium Creek Flynn 1761 Gowrie Rosedale - Flynn Road Medium Flynn 1763 Stuckey Rosedale-Flynn Road Medium Homestead Flynn 1764 Locksley Rosedale-Flynn Road Medium Flynn 1762 J & M Macklin Stuckey's Lane Medium Property Flynn 1759 Fryatt's (Melton Traralgon - Yarram High Park) Road and Rosedale - Flynn Road Fulham 1897 West Sale Princes Highway High Aerodrome (RAAF Airforce base) + associated buildings Fulham 1896 Fulham Post Princes Highway (cnr High Office Sale-Heyfield Road) Gelliondale 1981 Holsen and High Neilson Milk & Cream Dairy Factory (site) Gelliondale 1979 Amos Wood's Crangs Road High Store & Post Office Gelliondale 2423 Interwar house Gelliondale and High Crangs Road Gelliondale 2422 Victorian Cottage Gelliondale and High Crangs Road Gelliondale 1983 Hopetoun Hotel Gelliondale Road and High Crangs Road Gelliondale 1980 Coal Mine and South Gippsland High Briquette Works Highway Giffard 768 Barooma Wool Costello's Road High Shed Giffard 2157 Brown property Giffard Longford High

49 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct? Road Giffard 2320 Mctiers Bridge (1) Middle Road High Giffard 2321 Mctiers Bridge (2) Middle Road High Giffard 2019 Warrigal Creek Middle Road High Homestead Giffard West 1425 Tram bridge - Medium Giffard West Giffard West 2306 Four Mile Creek Four Mile Creek Road High Bridge Giffard West 2455 St John's Uniting South Gippsland High Church Highway Giffard West 2158 Cobb & Co. South Gippsland Medium stopping place Highway Giffard West 2159 Giffard West Hall South Gippsland High Highway Glen Falloch 1563 Glenfalloch High Homestead Complex Glen Falloch 447 Burgoynes Hut Licola Road High and Track Glencairn 1536 Licola North High School Glencairn 1918 Glencairn Glencairn Road High Glengarry 2468 Glengarry Hall High Glengarry 2314 Bridge over Lower Cairnbrook High Rosedale Creek Road Glengarry 2313 Bridge over Four Lower Cairnbrook High Mile Creek Road Glenmaggie 1584 Mechanics High Institute, Glenmaggie Glenmaggie 1547 St John's Roman High Catholic Church Glenmaggie 2167 Cottage Medium Glenmaggie 1551 Medowra Cheese High Factory Glenmaggie 1899 William Saffon's Heyfield-Licola Road High grave Glenmaggie 2080 Erin Vale Kelly and Monds Medium Road Glenmaggie 2137 Glencourt Licola-Glenmaggie High Road Glenmaggie 2079 The Retreat Seaton Glenmaggie High Road

50 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Glenmaggie 485 Glenmaggie Weir Weir Road High Golden Beach 2460 Houses Blue Water Avenue Medium Golden Beach 2151 Golden Beach Surf Edge Drive High Foodarama Golden Beach 2459 House Surf Edge Drive Medium Golden Point 454 Golden Point Hut Medium Site and Track Golden Point 99 Purgatory Spur Golden Point Track Medium Goodwood 1985 Tramline to Port Medium Albert Gormandale 1427 Road Bridge - Medium Gormandale Gormandale 2305 Farmers Bridge Farmers Road High Gormandale 1618 Timbs Crossing Gormandale - Medium and Bridge Stradbroke Road Gormandale 1616 Cottage Gormandale - Medium Stradbroke Road Gormandale 1615 Church, Gormandale - High Gormandale Stradbroke Road Gormandale 1612 Gormandale Hyland Way High Mechanics Institute Gormandale 1611 Butchers Shop Hyland Way High Gormandale 1599 Gormandale Store Hyland Way High Gormandale 1351 Gormandale Hyland Way High Cooperative Creamery and Butter Building (former) Grant 524 McMillans Track High Greenmount 1894 Glengarry's High Station Hedley 2319 Mcphails Bridge Old Welshpool Road High Heyfield 1696 Large Industrial High Shed Heyfield 1711 Primitive High Heyfield Methodist Church Town (fmr) Centre Precinct Heyfield 1585 Church of High Heyfield England (First) Town Centre Precinct Heyfield 1799 Glen Thompson High

51 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Heyfield 1689 Heyfield Mill High Houses Heyfield 1705 House Almann and Mills High Street (cnr) Heyfield 1690 Pumping Station Besant Street and High River Road Heyfield 1700 Racecourse Commercial Road Medium Reserve Heyfield 1361 Heyfield & Commercial Road High District Co-op Butter Factory (fmr) Heyfield 1691 House Davis Street High Heyfield 1724 Saleyards & stables Davis Street High Heyfield building Town Centre Precinct Heyfield 1695 Heyfield Timber Firebrace Road High Mill Precinct Heyfield 1549 Railway Hotel George and Pearson High Heyfield Streets (cnr) Town Centre Precinct Heyfield 1719 Stables George and Temple High Heyfield Streets (rear of shops) Town Centre Precinct Heyfield 1718 Stationmaster's George Street High Heyfield House Town Centre Precinct Heyfield 1707 House George Street High Heyfield 1708 Graham House (& George Street High Heyfield shop) Town Centre Precinct Heyfield 1720 St Michael's George Street High Heyfield Catholic Church Town Centre Precinct Heyfield 1688 War Memorial, George Street Medium Heyfield Heyfield Town Centre Precinct Heyfield 2110 Greenvale Glenmaggie Road High Heyfield 2111 Nenagh Heyfield - Upper High Maffra Road Heyfield 1728 Heyfield Memorial Macfarlane Street High Dargo

52 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct? Hall Street Rural Area Heyfield 1698 Bank (fmr) MacFarlane Street and High Heyfield Temple Street Town Centre Precinct Heyfield 1726 Harbeck's Store Macfarlane Street, cnr High Heyfield Bessant Street Town Centre Precinct Heyfield 1558 Tyson Homestead Maffra Road High and Workman's Quarters Heyfield 1693 House (Manse) 3 Mary Street High Heyfield 1725 Police Station McFarlane Street High (fmr) Heyfield 2112 Killeen McLachlans Road High Heyfield 1710 House Mills Street Medium Heyfield Town Centre Precinct Heyfield 1702 House Pearson and Harbeck Medium Streets (cnr) Heyfield 1701 House Pearson and High Macfarlane Streets (cnr) Heyfield 1709 Clay Mines Racecourse Road Medium Heyfield 2107 Homestead Riverview Road Medium (Heyfield) Heyfield 1699 Bridge remains Rose Street High Heyfield 2104 Horse Tramline State Forest High Heyfield 1723 Chinese Temple and Harbeck High Heyfield Restaurant/Reside Streets (cnr) Town nce Centre Precinct Heyfield 1694 Primary School Temple Street High Heyfield Town Centre Precinct Heyfield 1722 Lock-Up Temple street Medium Heyfield 1721 Post Office Temple Street High Heyfield (Heyfield) Town Centre Precinct Heyfield 1713 Commerical Hotel Temple Street High Heyfield Town Centre

53 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct? Precinct Heyfield 1730 St James Anglican Temple Street High Heyfield Church Town Centre Precinct Heyfield 2169 Log cabin Tinamba Glenmaggie Medium Road Heyfield 2108 Homestead Tinamba-Seaton Medium (Ruins) Roads and Upper Maffra Roads Heyfield 1704 Slaughter Yards Tyson Road Medium Heyfield 2109 Heyfield Upper Maffra Road High Homestead Hiawatha 1432 Albert River Road High Bridge - (1) Hiawatha 1433 Albert River Road High Bridge - (2) Hiawatha 2204 Hiawatha Medium swimming hole and waterfall Hiawatha 1436 Albert River Road Albert River Road High 6th Bridge Hiawatha 1434 Albert Road Road Albert River Road High Bridge - (3) Hiawatha 1435 Albert River Road Albert River Road High 5th Bridge Hiawatha 1437 Albert River Road Albert River Road High Bridge - (4) Hollands 1578 Hollands Landing Medium Landing Howitt Plains 492 Macalister Springs Medium and Vallejo Gantner Hut Howitt Plains 490 Howitt Plains Hut Howitt High Plains Medium Road Howitt Plains 491 Guys Hut and Snowy Plains Road Medium surrounds Hunterston 2048 Farm house Baloong Road High Jack River 1988 Well at Chenhall's Egans Road Medium Jack River 2325 Shays Bridge Jack River Valley High Road Kilmany 1438 Road Bridge - Medium Kilmany Licola 1556 McMichael's Medium (DOC'S)

54 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Licola 1925 Kellys Hut Medium Licola 1920 Stubber's Hut High Licola 744 All Saints Church Medium of England Licola 405 Higgins Hut Medium Licola 1921 Holmes Plain Medium Yards Licola 1924 Spring Hill Hut Medium Licola 1926 McMichael's Hut Kelly's Plain Medium Licola 1919 Bill McMichael's Licola - Heyfield Road High Shearing Shed & Bridge Licola 516 Moroka Hut Old Moroka Track Medium Licola 518 Millers Hut Tamboritha Road, Medium Moroka Road Llowalong 1907 Sothers houses Llowalong Road High Llowalong 1906 McDonald House Llowalong Road High (Llowalong) Loch Sport 1502 Loch Sport High Longford 1747 3GI Transmitter High Station Longford 806 Swan Hotel Medium Longford 812 Boggy Creek Lime High Kilns Longford 1745 Bacon Factory High Longford 1750 Corduroy Track (on Glencoe property) Medium Longford 1863 Sutherlands South Gippsland High Highway Longford 1885 Clearview South Gippsland High Highway Longford 1862 Longford Hotel South Gippsland High Highway Longford 1751 Tannery (site) South Gippsland Medium Highway Longford 2479 Longford Hall South Gippsland Hwy Medium and Dutson Road (NE cnr) Macks Creek 1443 Road Bridge - Medium Macks Creek Macks Creek 2294 Baxters Bridge Baxters Road High Macks Creek 2330 Coppas Bridge Off Tarra Valley Road High Macks Creek 2336 Saddingtons Off Tarra Valley Road High

55 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct? Bridge Macks Creek 2298 Bookers Bridge Roberts Road High Maffra 1448 Rail Bridge - Medium Maffra Maffra 1875 Maffra Show High Grounds Complex Maffra 1543 St Mary's Roman High Catholic Church Maffra 2118 Maffra Johnson High Maffra Street Precinct Johnson Street Precinct Maffra 1540 Roman Catholic High Presbytery (assoc St Marys) Maffra 2130 Variegated Brush High Maffra Box Johnson Street Precinct Maffra 1544 St Mary's Roman High Catholic Church Hall Maffra 720 Duart Boisdale and McLean High Streets (cnr) Maffra 1865 Boisdale Street Boisdale Street High Elms Maffra 2120 Julie London Boisdale Street High house Maffra 1877 Glenmaggie Boisdale Street High houses (fmr) Maffra 1374 Maffra Butter Bundalaguah Road High Factory (Murray Goulburn) Maffra 1879 Cemetery Road - Cemetery Road High Pines Maffra 1546 Methodist Church Church and Pearson High Streets (cnr) Maffra 1872 Maffra Memorial Duke Street Medium Pool Maffra 719 Utingi Edward Street High Maffra 1870 Mafeking Hill Foster/Boisdale and High Park Alfred Streets (cnr) Maffra 1881 Marsh John and Pearson Medium Streets (cnr) Maffra 2132 Youngs Arcade Johnson & Foster High Maffra Streets (cnr) Johnson

56 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct? Street Precinct Maffra 1550 Maffra Sports Johnson Street Medium Maffra Club Johnson Street Precinct Maffra 1539 Maffra Memorial Johnson Street High Maffra Hall Complex Johnson Street Precinct Maffra 1535 Cambrai Johnson Street High Maffra Johnson Street Precinct Maffra 2131 Tree - Ficus Johnson Street High Maffra Macrophylia Johnson Street Precinct Maffra 2128 Pitt's Plumbing Johnson Street High Maffra Johnson Street Precinct Maffra 1368 Macalister Hotel Johnson Street High Maffra Johnson Street Precinct Maffra 1370 Metropolitan Johnson Street High Maffra Hotel Johnson Street Precinct Maffra 1867 Maffra Holiday Johnson Street Medium Park Maffra 2129 Foster Building 71 Johnson Street High Maffra Johnson Street Precinct Maffra 1369 Commercial Bank Johnson Street (cnr High Maffra of Australia (fmr) Thomson) Johnson Street Precinct Maffra 1869 Victoria Park Kent and McLean High Streets (cnr) Maffra 1873 Maffra Secondary Kent Street Medium College Maffra 2119 Kincaids Kent/McLean Streets High Maffra 1876 Horse Trough King Street Medium Maffra 780 Gibney Laura Street High Homestead

57 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Maffra 1866 Trees - Osage Maclister Park High Orange Maffra 2174 Water Baliff Maffra Tinamba Road High houses Maffra 1882 Lorraine Bennett Pearson and Boisdale Medium house Streets (cnr) Maffra 1883 Red Brick Houses: Pearson Street High group of three Maffra 1884 Thiess Pearson Street High Environmental Services Maffra 1562 Corio Pearson Street High Maffra 1871 Boomah Princes Highway and High Girney Street (cnr) Maffra 2173 Office John Vardy Railway Place (Station High Transport Pty Ltd Street) (Railway Station) Maffra 2171 Thompson Railway Place (Station High Treated Timber Street) Maffra 2172 Murray Goulburn Sale Road High (fmr Sugar Store) Maffra 2170 Sugar Beet Factory Sale Road & Johnson High Houses Street Maffra 1878 Red Gum Trees Sallings (Sellings?) Medium Lane Maffra 1565 Powerscourt Stratford Road High Maffra 1874 Railway Houses Stratford Road Medium Maffra 1727 Thomson Street - Thomson Street High Oaks Maffra 1545 St John's Anglican Thomson Street (cnr High Church Church Street) Maffra 2136 Maffra Cemetery Three Chain High Road/Sandy Creek Road McLoughlins 2348 McLoughlins No Road High Beach Beach Foot Bridge Meerlieu 1455 Lake View High Homestead Meerlieu 1901 Meerileu School High Meerlieu 1454 Moreton Bay Fig High (Ficus macrophylla) Meerlieu 1900 Meerileu Hall Bengworden Road High Meerlieu 1458 Meerlieu Bridge Lindenow-Meerlieu High Road

58 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Montgomery 1636 Montgomery Park Holts Lane Medium Munro 2201 Park House High Munro 1898 Munro town Munro Road High centre precinct Munro 2476 Munro Public Munro Road High Hall Munro 754 St Marys Church Munro Road High of England, Munro Myrtlebank 1629 House Bengworden Road High (cnr Princes Hwy) Myrtlebank 1631 Crosslea House Grassdale Road High Myrtlebank 1630 Summer Hill Maffra - Sale Road High Nambrok 2478 Nambrok Hall Medium Newry 1561 Wanrua High Newry 1564 Summerlea High Newry 1460 Joyces Bridge Medium Newry 1542 St Ita's Roman Dawson Street High Catholic Church Newry 2339 Horstmans Bridge Horstmans Road High Newry 2062 House Maffra Newry Road High Newry 1541 St Andrew's Main Street High Newry Presbyterian Town Church (fmr) Centre Precinct Newry 2063 Newry Town Main Street High Newry Centre Precinct Town Centre Precinct Newry 123 Dermody's Camp Warrigul Toms Road Medium Palmerston 1524 Palmerston High Township Survey Perry Bridge 1773 Union Church High Perry Bridge 1772 Catholic Church Medium (former) Perry Bridge 1640 Balgonie Balgonie Lane High Perry Bridge 811 Ramahyuck Ramahyuck Road High Mission Port Albert 788 Cliffy Island Medium Lighthouse Port Albert 764 Racecourse High Port Albert 715 Pilot Station (site) Sunday Island Medium

59 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Port Albert 2222 Angus McMillan Tarraville Road Medium Monument, Port Albert Port Albert 2221 Port Albert Settlers Tarraville Road Medium Memorial Port Albert 2223 Port Albert War Wharf Road Medium Memorial Riverslea 1461 Campbells Bridge High on Boggy Creek Riverslea 2199 Macalister High Research Farm Riverslea 1554 Ravenswood High Riverslea 1555 Riversdale High Riverslea 2054 Fortuna Colemans Road High Riverslea 2055 Mourne Park Colemans Road High Riverslea 2198 Stafford Vale Cornwells Road High Riverslea 2056 Merringreen Vardys Road High Rosedale 1813 Town Reservoir High (still used as backup) Rosedale 1832 George Rintoull Albert Street High House Rosedale 2192 Cottage Albert Street High Rosedale 1839 St Marks Anglican Albert Street High Church Complex Rosedale 1851 Cottage Cansick Street High Rosedale 1836 Blind Joe's Bridge Cansick Street Medium Rosedale 1802 Enmore Denison Road High Rosedale 1805 The Crest Denison Road High Rosedale 1595 Evergreen Evergreen Road High Rosedale 1828 The Wattles Friends Road High Rosedale 1806 Illamata Friend's Road High Rosedale 1831 Railway Gatehouse Friends Road, cnr. High 2 Cansick Street Rosedale 2188 House Hood Street High Rosedale 2189 Cottage Hood Street High Rosedale 1833 Neighbourhood Hood Street Medium House Rosedale 2183 Wendy Dees Hood Street (cnr High Rosedale Tearooms Prince St) Town Centre Precinct

60 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Rosedale 1830 Railway Gatehouse Longford Road Medium 1 Rosedale 1808 Tanner + Chown Longord Road High Properties (former) Rosedale 1834 Shire Offices Lyons Street High (former) Rosedale 1861 House Lyons Street High Rosedale 1859 House Lyons Street High Rosedale 1858 Residence and Lyons Street High Rosedale Shop Town Centre Precinct Rosedale 1857 Senior Citizens Lyons Street High Rosedale House Town Centre Precinct Rosedale 1856 Opportunity Shop Lyons Street High Rosedale Town Centre Precinct Rosedale 1855 War Memorial + Lyons Street High Angus McMillan Memorial (Rosedale) Rosedale 1835 King House Lyons Street High Rosedale 2193 House Lyons Street High Rosedale 2184 Mrs Tuck's Lyons Street, cnr High Boarding House Albert St Rosedale 1819 Old Rosedale Merton Road Medium Road Rosedale 1816 Mulberry Trees Merton Road Medium (Portch's House Site) Rosedale 1771 Thornfield Mile Lane Medium Rosedale 1837 Grandstand, Moore Street High Recreation Reserve (Rosedale) Rosedale 2194 Shop (Antiques) Prince Street High Rosedale Town Centre Precinct Rosedale 1854 Butchers Shop + Prince Street High Residence Rosedale 1850 Teacher's Prince Street High Rosedale Residence Town Centre

61 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct? Precinct Rosedale 2196 Rosedale Town Prince Street and High Rosedale Centre Precinct Lyons Street Town Centre Precinct Rosedale 1853 The Exchange Princes and Lyons High Rosedale Hotel Streets (cnr) Town Centre Precinct Rosedale 1807 Karradoc Princes Highway High Rosedale 1809 Ellisdale Princes Highway High Rosedale 1810 Princes Highway Princes Highway Medium Bridge Rosedale 1812 Willow Park Princes Highway Medium (alongside Latrobe River) Rosedale 1811 Tannery site Princes Highway (off) High (Rosedale) Rosedale 2186 Shop Princes Street High Rosedale Town Centre Precinct Rosedale 2185 Allen's Cottage Princes Street Medium Rosedale 1849 ANZ Bank Princes Street High Rosedale Building (former) Town Centre Precinct Rosedale 1842 Presbyterian Queen Street High Manse (Rosedale) Rosedale 2190 Ornah Queen Street High Rosedale 1844 Girrahween Queen Street High Rosedale 1841 Police Stables Queen Street High Rosedale 1843 St Andrews Queen Street High Uniting Church (Rosedale) Rosedale 2191 St Rose of Lima Queen Street (cnr High Church Lyons Street) Rosedale 1594 Rosedale Rosedale - Stradbroke Medium Racecourse Road Rosedale 1589 Old Sydney Rosedale-Stradbroke High Cottage house site Road, Cemetery Road & elms Rosedale 1597 Rosehill Willung Road High Rosedale 1596 House Willung Road High Roseneath 1579 The Loggings High

62 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Sale 868 House (place id Darley (?) High 868) Sale 1638 Sale Cheese Dawson St (west end Medium Factory near lagoon) Sale 1637 Alfred & Mary Dawson St (west end Medium Howitt house site near pines) Sale 880 Norfolk Island Desaily Street High Pines Sale 2203 House Fronting road near High Swan Lake Drive-Inn Sale 876 House (place id. Macalister Street High 876) Sale 2342 Maxfields Bridge Maxfields Road High Sale 2346 Park Street Bridge Park Street High Sale 722 Private Garden Pearson Street High Sale 2343 Raglan Street Raglan Street High Bridge Sale 882 House (Place id Raymond & Stawell High 882) Sts Sale 2344 Spencers Bridge Spencers Road High Sale 878 Post Box York Street High Seacombe 2142 Seacombe Medium Seaspray 2147 Benussi House High Seaspray 2146 McNeilly house High Seaspray 1473 Cottage - Prospect Medium Station Seaspray 2464 McKenzie farm High house Seaspray 2149 Grave High Seaspray 2150 Seaspray Primary Medium School Seaspray 2148 Irving house High Seaspray 2153 Seaspray Memorial Bearup and Buckley Medium Gates and Park Streets Seaspray 2143 Seaspray General Bearup Street Medium Store Seaspray 2154 Stewart House Bearup Street High Seaspray 2457 Precinct - Bearup 32 Bearup Street High Street Seaspray 2465 Smith House Buckley Stree High Seaspray 2144 Church of the Buckley Street High Epiphany

63 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Seaspray 2233 Memorial Park Buckley Street Medium Seaspray 2458 Precinct - Buckley Buckley Street High Street Seaspray 1474 Seaspray Prospect Prospect Road Medium Road Bridge Seaspray 2145 Seaspray Memorial Seaspray Road High Cypress Avenue Seaspray 2467 Glover family Shoreline Drive High houses: group Seaton 60 Mount Useful Medium (Trig Point and Rainforest) Seaton 2085 McManus House Chute Road High Seaton 2076 Meadowlea Seaton Glenmaggie Medium Road Seaton 2117 Orchard Valley Wilson Road Medium Staceys Bridge 1431 Stacey's Bridge Albert River Road High Staceys Bridge 2295 Billy Creek Bridge Billy Creek Road High Staceys Bridge 2311 Helleren's Bridge Helleren's Road High Staceys Bridge 2328 Barrys Bridge J Barry Road High Stockdale 534 Grave of Medium Shepherds Wife and Child Stockdale 1744 McDonald House Medium Stockdale 2197 Insolvent Track Insolvent Road, Medium (Anderson's Insolvent Track Track) Stradbroke 2160 Cottage Bradleys Road Medium Stradbroke 2162 Gunnery Range Giffard Road Medium site (WWII) Stradbroke 2165 Bark Hall (farm Gormandale- Medium complex) Stradbroke Road and South Gippsland Highway (cnr) Stradbroke 2166 Gunnery Range Seaspray Stradbroke High bunkers (WWII) Road Stradbroke 2163 Eulinga South Gippsland Medium Highway Stradbroke 2164 Cobb & Co. site South Gippsland Medium (The Meadows) Highway Stradbroke 2456 Stradbroke Hall South Gippsland High Highway Stradbroke 785 Stradbroke West Gormandale- High West State School No. Stradbroke Road

64 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct? 2254 Stratford 1785 Railway Station - High Stratford Stratford 1577 Punt Site and Medium Swinging Basin Stratford 1478 Avon River High Railway Bridge Stratford 1479 Avon River Bridge High Stratford 1910 Edwardville Airly Road High Stratford 1911 Avon Park Airly Road High (Stratford) Stratford 1787 Cottage Blackburn Street Medium Stratford 1792 Convent (former) Blackburn Street High Stratford 1793 House Dixon Street High Stratford 1790 Mechanics Hobson Street Medium Institute, Stratford Stratford 1788 House Macfarlane Street High Stratford 1777 House Macfarlane Street High Stratford 755 Holy Trinity Macfarlane Street, cnr High Church of Blackburn St England, Stratford Stratford 1794 Tranquil Bed and Merrick Street Medium Breakfast Stratford 1791 Water Trough Merrick Street Medium Stratford 757 Roman Catholic Merrick Street High Church, Stratford Stratford 1795 House (former Merrick Street High Shire offices) Stratford 1909 Nuntin (Stratford) Princes Highway High Cemetery Stratford 1908 Craigielea (Gault Princes Highway High property) Stratford 535 Stratford Highway Princes Highway High Park Stratford 1915 House (former Raymond Street High hospital) Stratford 1905 Llowalong Bridge Raymond Street (end) Medium (remnants) Stratford 190 Weirs Crossing Stewart Lane Medium Stratford 1912 Flax Mill Stratford-Maffra Road High (cnr Beet Road) Stratford 1580 Leebrooke Stratford-Stockdale High

65 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct? Road Stratford 1781 State Bank Tyers Road High (former) Stratford 1783 Ridgeways Café 57 Tyers Road High Stratford 1528 R.S.L Hall, Tyers Street High Stratford Stratford 1530 Coleman's General Tyers Street High Store, Stratford Stratford 1527 Post Office, Tyers Street High Stratford Stratford 1782 Shop (Carters) Tyers Street High Stratford 1784 Maternal and Tyers Street Medium Child Health (Country Womens Association) Stratford 1529 Bakery, Shop & 20 Tyers Street High Residence, Stratford Stratford 1776 House Tyers Street High (Briaglong Road) Stratford 1780 Ray Veal's Shop Tyers Street High (Briagolong Road) Stratford 1779 Teacher's Tyers Street High Residence (Briagolong Road) (Stratford) Stratford 1778 House Tyers Street High (Briagolong Road) Tarraville 797 Tarra River Bottle Medium Scatter Tarraville 1523 Township Surveys: High Taraville; Port Albert, Palmerston Tarraville 1483 Road Bridge - Manns Beach Road High Tarraville Tarraville 2425 House Manns Road High Tarraville 2424 House Manns Road (Cnr High Port Albert Road) Tarraville 2335 Rays Bridge Rays Road Medium Tarraville 2047 Tarraville Reeve Street High Township Site - Reeve's Special Survey Tarraville 2324 Muddy Creek Robertsons Beach Medium Bridge Road The Heart 1534 Heart Park High

66 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

The Heart 1643 Jetty Bay Road (on Lake Medium Wellington) The Heart 1645 Avondale Bengworden Road High The Heart 1749 The Heart Freshwater Hole Road High Landing and Freshwater Hole Bridge The 2463 The Honeysuckles High Honeysuckles Tinamba 1553 Heyfield Park High Tinamba 2060 Tinamba Town High Tinamba Centre Precinct Town Centre Precinct Tinamba 1486 Rail Bridge - Medium Tinamba Tinamba 1487 Rail Bridge - Medium Tinamba Tinamba 1489 Rail Bridge - Medium Tinamba Tinamba 1566 Byron Lodge High Tinamba 2059 Schoemaekers High Tinamba Tinamba Hotel Town Centre Precinct Tinamba 1488 Rail Bridge - Medium Tinamba Tinamba 2135 Osage Oranges Maffra - Seaton Road Medium Tinamba 2058 McLauchlin Newry Road High property Tinamba 2057 McInnes property Newry Road High Tinamba 1485 Kellas Bridge Tinamba - Seaton Medium Road Tinamba 2061 Alton Park Tinamba Road High Tinamba 2053 Roonsleigh Traralgon-Maffra High Road Toongabbie 2297 Bridge over Fells Neilsons Road High Creek Trenton Valley 2442 Trenton Valley Hyland Highway High Homestead Upper Maffra 2114 Banyule High Upper Maffra 2200 Leathorn Diary High Upper Maffra 2115 Horstman Horstmans Road High

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Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Upper Maffra 2116 Bonnie View Horstmans Road High Valencia Creek 1740 Uniting Church High Valencia Creek 1742 School Residence High Valencia Creek 1741 Valencia Creek High Hall and Post Office Valencia Creek 1491 Road Bridge - Medium Valencia Creek Valencia Creek 1391 Valencia Creek Briagolong Road High Bridge, Avon River Valencia Creek 140 Wombat Bridge Valencia Creek Road, High Wombat Flat Road Waterford 2480 Traill Homestead High Waterford 580 Waterford Bridge Bairnsdale-Dargo High Road Willung 1494 Road Bridge - Medium Willung Willung 1603 Merton Bridge Merton Vale Road High Willung 1602 Macreadie Willung Road High property Willung South 2338 Toms Cap Bridge Toms Cap Road High Winnindoo 1801 Winnindoo Post Morris Road High Office (former) Womerah 1496 Road Bridge - Medium Womerah Won Wron 2444 Won Wron High Primary School No. 1957 + residence Won Wron 2329 Boodyarn Bridge Boodyarn Road High Won Wron 1497 Road Bridge - Calrossie-Won Wron Medium Won Wron Road Won Wron 1404 Road Bridge - Calrossie-Won Wron Medium Calrossie (2) Road Won Wron 2300 Cocksedges Bridge Cocksedges Road High Won Wron 2309 Greigs Creek Greigs Creek Road High Bridge Won Wron 2446 Won Wron Hyland Highway Medium Recreational Reserve Won Wron 2443 Auburn Vale Hyland Highway High (opp. Won Wron P.S.) Won Wron 2445 Won Wron Public Hyland Highway and High

68 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct? Hall Won Wron-Woodside Road Won Wron 2322 Napier Bridge Napier Road High Won Wron 1403 Road Bridge - Prison Farm Road? Medium Calrossie (1) Won Wron 2326 Trenton Valley Trenton Valley Road High Bridge Won Wron 2301 Davidsons Bridge Trenton Valley Road High Won Wron 745 St Peter's Anglican Won Wron - High Church Woodside Road Won Wron 575 Won Wron State Yarram Road Medium Forest (& Prison) Wongungarra 413 Howittville Medium Township Site Wongungarra 407 Winchester Medium Township Wongungarra 577 Pioneer Race Racecourse Track, Medium Course near Station Track junction Wonyip 2052 Hall (Wonyip) High Woodside 2001 Big Tower Medium Woodside 2012 Wool Shed High Woodside 2011 Half Way House Medium Woodside 2020 Cemetery, Medium Woodside North Woodside 2003 Brennans Gates Medium Woodside 2004 Bridge High Woodside 2007 Cascade Run on Medium Bruthen Creek Woodside 1354 Reedy Creek Carrajung Woodside High Homestead Road Complex Woodside 2017 Woodside General South Gippsland High Store Highway Woodside 2453 Beach Grove South Gippsland Medium Hotel Highway Woodside 2454 House South Gippsland Hwy Medium (Next to Woodside General Store) Woodside 2008 Cemetery, Starlings Road Medium Woodside Woodside 2016 St Gerard's Woodside Beach Road High Catholic Church

69 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Woodside 2450 Woodside Primary Woodside Beach Road High School Woodside 2452 Pinehaven Woodside Beach Road High Woodside 2317 Lyons Bridge Woodside North High Road Yarram 2044 Charcoal Kilns High Yarram 2035 Nightingale House High Yarram 1500 Road Bridge - Medium Yarram Yarram 1499 Road Bridge - Medium Yarram Yarram 2040 Stockwell High Buildings Yarram 747 Holy Trinity High Church of England Yarram 2042 Yarram Drapery High Yarram 2205 Railway shed High (Yarram) Yarram 2030 Henley's Funeral High Parlour Yarram 2023 C.T. Smith Boot High Shop Yarram 2027 Mc Glead's Garage High (Formerly Mason) Yarram 2028 Palmer's Garage High (formerly Head) Yarram 187 Yarram (township) High Yarram 1587 Yarram High Showgrounds, football ground & saleyards Yarram 2031 Miss O'Connor's High House Yarram 2410 Victorian Cottage Buckley Street Medium Yarram 2409 House Buckley Street High Yarram 2415 House Carpenter Street High Yarram 2412 House Church Street High Yarram 2411 House (The Church Street High Presbytery) Yarram 2413 House Church Street Medium Yarram 2364 House cnr Commercial and High King Street

70 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Yarram 2378 Claremont Cnr Dougherty and High Montgomery Streets Yarram 2355 St Mary's Catholic Commercial and High Church Buckley Street Yarram 2351 Mechanics' Commercial and High Institute Church Road Yarram 717 Bank of NSW Commercial Road High (former) Yarram 2206 Hotel (former) Commercial Road High Yarram 2352 Yarram Hospital Commercial Road High Yarram 748 St Andrews Commercial Road High Uniting Church (fmr Presbyterian) Yarram 2207 Alberton Shire Commercial Road High Offices (former) Yarram 2353 Precinct - Commercial Road High Commercial Road North Residential Yarram 2418 House Commercial Road High Yarram 2394 House Commercial Road High Yarram 2393 House Commercial Road High Yarram 2356 House Commercial Road High Yarram 2238 Memorial Park, Commercial Road High Yarram Yarram 2392 House Commercial Road High Yarram 2357 House and Shop Commercial Road High Yarram 2237 Yarram War Commercial Road High Memorial Yarram 842 Regent Theatre Commercial Road High (Yarram) Yarram 2419 Precinct - Commercial Road High Commercial Road Yarram 767 Union Bank Commercial Road High (former) Yarram 2395 Attached House 349 Commercial Road High Pair Yarram 2396 House (Country Commercial Road High Cottage Nursery) (also 345) Yarram 2417 Murray Goulburn Commercial Road Medium Buildings (opposite the Butter Factory) Yarram 2350 Concrete bridges Commercial Road / Medium (2) South Gippsland

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Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct? Highway Yarram 2025 Coffee Palace Commercial Road and High James Street (cnr) Yarram 2354 Plane and Ash Commercial Road High Street Trees north and south Yarram 2365 John Palmer Commercial Road, High Holden Garage Yarram Yarram 2416 Farm House Commercial Street Medium Yarram 2377 House (cottage) Dougherty Street Medium Yarram 2375 House Duke Street High Yarram 2386 House Duke Street High Yarram 2380 House Duke Street High Yarram 2381 House Duke Street High Yarram 2383 House Duke Street High Yarram 2384 House Duke Street High Yarram 2385 House Duke Street High Yarram 2387 House Duke Street Medium Yarram 2379 House Duke Street (also No. High 9) Yarram 2372 Yarramlea End of Yarram Street High Yarram 2402 Houses Enid Street Medium Yarram 2388 Old Garage James and Fairview Medium Streets (cnr) Yarram 2376 House and farm James Street High Yarram 2362 House King Street High Yarram 2038 St Elmo's Private King Street High Hospital Yarram 2363 House King Street High Yarram 2397 Precinct - Railway Lawler Street High employee houses Yarram 2318 McLean Street McLean Street Medium Bridge Yarram 2389 Precinct - McMillan Crescent High McMillan Crescent Yarram 2441 Greenmount Missens Lane High Yarram 2034 Masonic Hall Nichol and Yarram High Streets Yarram 2390 House Nichol Street High Yarram 2361 House Nichol Street High Yarram 2360 Precinct - Nichol Nichol Street High

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Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct? Street Yarram 2359 House Nichol Street High Yarram 2358 House Nichol Street High Yarram 694 Timber Stables Nicol Street High (former) Yarram 718 Bromsgrove Nicol Street High (House & stables) Yarram 2333 Nicols Bridge Nicols Road High Yarram 2414 Water Tower Nightingale Street Medium Yarram 2036 Nurse Lawler's Rodgers Street High Private Hospital Yarram 2033 Police Station (+ Rodgers Street Medium Lock up Site) Yarram 2400 The Cottage Rodgers Street Medium Yarram 2405 House Rodgers Street High Yarram 2399 House and Canary Rodgers Street Medium Island Palm Yarram 2401 House Rodgers Street High Yarram 2403 House Rodgers Street High Yarram 2404 House Rodgers Street High Yarram 2407 House Rodgers Street High Yarram 2406 House Rodgers Street High Yarram 2461 House South Gippsland High Highway Yarram 2349 Alysebury South Gippsland High Highway Yarram 2429 House and garden South Gippsland High Highway Yarram 2398 Precinct - Station Station Street High Street 'snail houses' Yarram 2439 Interwar House & Tarra Valley Road Medium Garden Yarram 2374 Precinct - Union Union Street High Street Yarram 2373 House Union Street Medium Yarram 2408 Precinct - Wesley Wesley Street High Street Yarram 2440 House Woranga School Road High Yarram 2371 House Yarram Street High Yarram 2370 House Yarram Street High

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Locality No Place name Street name Stage 2 In a priority precinct?

Yarram 2366 House Yarram Street High Yarram 2369 House Yarram Street High Yarram 2391 House Yarram Street High Yarram 2368 House Yarram Street (cnr High Union) Yarram 2367 House Yarram Street (cnr High Union)

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APPENDIX 7: POTENTIAL HERITAGE PRECINCTS This Appendix lists the individual places which form a series of precincts of potential heritage significance that are proposed for assessment and c\documentation in Stage 2.

Boisdale Main Street Precinct

ID Place name No. Street name Locality 2177 Blacksmiths & stables Boisdale 2133 Boisdale Township Boisdale

Briagolong Mechanics Precinct

ID Place name No. Street name Locality 1663 House (Cowling's) Avon Street Briagolong 2182 Briagolong Mechanics Institute Briagolong Precinct 1570 Presbyterian Church Church Street Briagolong 1340 Briagolong Mechanics Institute 9 Avon Street Briagolong 1569 All Saints Anglican Church Briagolong 1568 Roman Catholic Church Briagolong 782 Primary School No. 1117 Church Street Briagolong 1677 Agnes Goldsmith's Cottage Briagolong

Briagolong Town Centre Precinct

ID Place name No. Street name Locality 1665 Post Office (1905) (fmr) Avon Street Briagolong 1667 Bank Building (1910) (fmr) Briagolong 778 Briagolong Hotel 8 Forbes Street Briagolong 1668 Taylors 16 Forbes Street Briagolong 1653 Coffee Palace Briagolong 1666 Butchers Shop, Briagolong Forbes Street Briagolong 1571 Residence at rear of Hamment's Briagolong Shop 1654 The Wine Hall Briagolong 1669 Burger Billl's (Kellys Store) Forbes St (cnr Avon Briagolong St) 1671 Willow Cottage 37 Avon Street Briagolong 1672 Garage (fmr) Briagolong 1673 Nissen Hut Forbes Street Briagolong 156 Briagolong Town Centre Precinct Briagolong

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Dargo Town Centre Precinct

ID Place name No Street name Locality 479 Dargo Township Dargo Road Dargo 1734 Avenue of Trees Lind Avenue Dargo 1735 School House (Residence) Lind Avenue Dargo 1737 Dargo School No. 1081 Lind Avenue Dargo 1739 Myrtle Scott’s House Lind Avenue Dargo 752 St Peters Church of England, Dargo Dargo 585 Dargo Hotel Dargo 2139 Cemetery (Dargo) Dargo 2140 Cottage Lind Avenue Dargo 2141 McGuires House Lind Avenue Dargo 1738 Catholic Church (Dargo) Lind Avenue Dargo

Heyfield Town Centre Precinct

ID Place name No. Street name Locality 1728 Heyfield Memorial Hall Macfarlane Street Heyfield 1585 Church of England (First) Heyfield 1718 Stationmaster's House George Street Heyfield 1549 Railway Hotel George and Pearson Heyfield Streets (cnr) 1724 Saleyards & stables building Davis Street Heyfield 1711 Primitive Methodist Church (fmr) Heyfield 1688 War Memorial, Heyfield George Street Heyfield 1730 St James Anglican Church Temple Street Heyfield 1726 Harbeck's Store Macfarlane Street, cnr Heyfield Bessant Street 1723 Chinese Restaurant/Residence Temple and Harbeck Heyfield Streets (cnr) 1721 Post Office (Heyfield) Temple Street Heyfield 1720 St Michael's Catholic Church George Street Heyfield 1719 Stables George and Temple Heyfield Streets (rear of shops) 1713 Commerical Hotel Temple Street Heyfield 1710 House 3 Mills Street Heyfield 1708 Graham House (& shop) 34 George Street Heyfield 1698 Bank (fmr) 1/5 MacFarlane Street Heyfield and Temple Street 1694 Primary School Temple Street Heyfield

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1729 House Dudley Street & Heyfield Macfarlane Street (cnr)

Maffra Johnson Street Precinct

ID Place name No Street name Locality 679 Maffra Court House Johnson Street Maffra 1550 Maffra Sports Club Johnson Street Maffra 1535 Cambrai 117 Johnson Street Maffra 2129 Foster Building 67 Johnson Street Maffra 2130 Variegated Brush Box Maffra 2131 Tree - Ficus Macrophylia Johnson Street Maffra 2132 Youngs Arcade Johnson & Foster Maffra Streets (cnr) 1539 Maffra Memorial Hall Complex 148 Johnson Street Maffra 2128 Pitt's Plumbing Johnson Street Maffra 736 Shop 73 Johnson Street Maffra 678 National Australia Bank (fmr) 64 Johnson Street Maffra 1368 Macalister Hotel 2 Johnson Street Maffra 1369 Commercial Bank of Australia 50 Johnson Street (cnr Maffra (fmr) Thomson) 1370 Metropolitan Hotel 97 Johnson Street Maffra 2118 Maffra Johnson Street Precinct Maffra 2063 Newry Town Centre Precinct Main Street Newry 1541 St Andrew's Presbyterian Church Main Street Newry (fmr)

Rosedale Town Centre Precinct

ID Place name No Street name Locality 742 Primary School – Rosedale Princes Highway Rosedale 759 Rosedale Hotel Stables 29 – 31 Lyons Street Rosedale 1850 Teacher’s Residence 65 Prince Street Rosedale 1853 The Exchange Hotel Princes and Lyons Rosedale Streets (cnr) 1856 Opportunity Shop 35 Lyons Street Rosedale 1857 Senior Citizens House Lyons Street Rosedale 1314 Post Office (fmr) Prince Street Rosedale 2196 Rosedale Town Centre Precinct Prince Street and Rosedale Lyons Street

77 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1 2194 Shop (Antiques) Prince Street Rosedale 2186 Shop Princes Street Rosedale 1858 Residence and Shop Lyons Street Rosedale 1313 Masonic Hall Prince Street Rosedale 1312 Mechanics Institute, Rosedale Prince Street Rosedale 682 Rosedale Hotel 29 Lyons Street Rosedale 2183 Wendy Dees Tearooms Hood Street (cnr Rosedale Prince St) 1849 ANZ Bank Building (former) Princes Street Rosedale 1462 Purple-leaved Dutch Elms Rosedale (Ulmus x hollandica ‘purpurascens’)

Tinamba Town Centre Precinct

ID Place name No Street name Locality 2059 Schoemaekers Tinamba Hotel Tinamba 2060 Tinamba Town Centre Precinct Tinamba

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APPENDIX 8: WELL DOCUMENTED PLACES The following places have been well documented through other studies and could be considered for inclusion in the planning scheme. The Recommendations column assesses the existing documentation on the place. The Wellington Heritage Database also contains additional information on each place.

ID Locality Place name Final Recommendations Ranking

597 Balook Wills Homestead Local Documentation, assessment and significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 598 Balook Wills Track Local Documentation, assessment and significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 1339 Boisdale Boisdale Public Hall Local Documentation, assessment and significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 817 Briagolong Boyce's Find Reef Regional Victorian Heritage Inventory Workings significance listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). See also related record #515 Gladstone Creek Goldfields Area. 456 Briagolong Briagolong Red Gum Regional Heritage Status - Register of the Reserve significance National Estate - Indicative Place. RNE Data Base No. 100479 Flora and Fauna Guarantee, Victoria RNE Status from RFA - Indicative Place 165 Briagolong Freestone Creek and Blue Local Documentation, assessment and Pool significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Management to be for informal recreation and camping. A Management Plan for the Freestone Creek Valley should be prepared and Site Development Plans prepared for Blue Pool and Froam recreation areas. 1381 Bushy Park Noble's Bridge Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme.

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ID Locality Place name Final Recommendations Ranking

1346 Clydebank Clydebank House Assessed for the Register of the National Estate and rejected because" the building has been significantly altered and lacks sufficient integrity to reach threshold for listing in the Register of the National Estate." Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 1378 Cowwarr Cowwarr Weir and Bridge Local Documentation, assessment and significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 828 Crooked River Black Snake Battery and Regional Victorian Heritage Inventory Cyanide Works significance listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 836 Crooked River Crooked River Alluvial Regional Part of Grant Historic Reserve. Workings - Hogtown (1) significance Protect as separate place under Planning Scheme? Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 427 Crooked River Crooked River Alluvial Regional Documentation, assessment and Workings - Hogtown (2) significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 835 Crooked River Crooked River Alluvial Regional Part of Grant Historic Reserve. Workings - Stonewall significance Protect as separate place under (dredge hole) Planning Scheme? Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works).

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ID Locality Place name Final Recommendations Ranking

837 Crooked River Crooked River Alluvial Part of Grant Historic Reserve. Workings - Talbotville Protect as separate place under (Dredge Hole) Planning Scheme? Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 438 Crooked River Crooked River Alluvial Regional Victorian Heritage Inventory Workings - Talbotville significance listing means a permit is required dredge hole from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 832 Crooked River Crooked River Mining Regional Part of Grant Historic Reserve - Settlement - Bulltown significance protect separately under Planning Scheme? Same as place no. 402? Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 833 Crooked River Crooked River Mining Regional Part of Grant Historic Reserve. Settlement - Hogtown significance Protect as separate place under Planning Scheme? Relationship to place no. 836? Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 834 Crooked River Crooked River Mining Regional Part of Grant Historic Reserve. Settlement - Talbotville significance Protect as separate place under Planning Scheme?

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ID Locality Place name Final Recommendations Ranking Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 819 Crooked River Good Hope Consolidated State Heritage Inventory Policies: Grant Mine significance Historic Reserve Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 818 Crooked River Good Hope Mine (Old State Heritage Inventory Policies: Grant Good Hope) significance Historic Reserve Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 410 Dargo Black Snake Creek Local Township Site (+ hut) significance 820 Dargo Captain Cook Reef Regional Heritage Inventory Policies: Grant significance Historic Reserve. Treat as part of whole reserve - or list separately under Planning Scheme? Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 122 Dargo Castle Hill Survey Mark Local Documentation, assessment and significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the

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ID Locality Place name Final Recommendations Ranking Planning Scheme. RNE Status from RFA - Deemed to be below threshold for RNE, Subcriterion E.1 475 Dargo Dargo High Plains Regional significance 90 Dargo Dogs Grave Local Minimal extra work required to significance add place to planning scheme. 829 Dargo Exhibition Battery Heritage Inventory Policies: Road Reserve Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 470 Dargo Freda Treasure Reserve Regional Heritage Status - s.50 Forest significance Reserve Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. RNE Status from RFA - Deemed to be below threshold for RNE, Subcriterion E.1 831 Dargo Golden Ridge Battery Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). Minimal extra work required to add place to planning scheme (check Heritage Inventory and/or Bannear and/or HPB data to complete record) 826 Dargo Jungle Creek Battery Site Regional Treat as part of whole reserve significance (Grant Historic Reserve) - or list separately under Planning Scheme? NOTE: Jungle Creek Battery Site (#826), Jungle Creek Quartz Mine Site (#827) and Jungle Creek Gold Mining Diversion Sluice (#769) are overlapping sites in terms of location and history. (R Christie) NOTE: Jungle Creek Battery Site (#826), Jungle Creek Quartz Mine Site (#827) and Jungle Creek Gold Mining Diversion Sluice (#769) are

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ID Locality Place name Final Recommendations Ranking overlapping sites in terms of location and history. Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 822 Dargo Lone Hand Battery & Regional Heritage Inventory Policies: Grant Cyanide Works significance Historic Reserve. Treat as part of whole reserve - or list separately under Planning Scheme? Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 823 Dargo Mountaineer Mine Site Regional Heritage Inventory Policies: Grant significance Historic Reserve. Treat as part of whole reserve - or list separately under Planning Scheme? Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 824 Dargo Red Rose Battery Regional Heritage Inventory Policies: Grant significance Historic Reserve. Treat as part of whole reserve - or list separately under Planning Scheme? Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works).

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ID Locality Place name Final Recommendations Ranking

439 Dargo Traill Brothers' Battery Regional Documentation, assessment and and Mine Workings significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 800 Donnellys Creek Bismark Mine and State Requires minimal additional work Machinery Site significance to enable protection under the planning scheme. A statement of significance and extent is all that is required (check Bannear's report). Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 398 Donnellys Creek Concord Gully Township Local Documentation, assessment and Site significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 799 Donnellys Creek Crinoline Mine & Regional Heritage Inventory Policies: State Machinery Site significance Forest - LCC Recommended Historic Reserve Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 803 Donnellys Creek Edwards Hill Township State Requires minimal additional work Site significance to enable protection under the planning scheme. A definition of the extent of significance is all that is required. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 802 Donnellys Creek Gippsland Consols Mine State Requires minimal additional work & Machinery Site significance to enable protection under the planning scheme. A statement of significance and extent are required. Seek additional data from Griffiths, T., Perham, G. & Supple, R. 1989 report. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any

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ID Locality Place name Final Recommendations Ranking disturbance to place (including conservation works).

801 Donnellys Creek Hit or Miss Mine State Requires minimal additional work significance to enable protection under the planning scheme. A statement of significance and extent, and a short history are required. Seek additional data from Griffiths, T., Perham, G. & Supple, R. 1989 report. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 804 Donnellys Creek Lady Vera Mine State Documentation, assessment and significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 449 Donnellys Creek McEvoys Track and the Regional Documentation, assessment and Springs Settlement significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 453 Donnellys Creek Store Point Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 401 Donnellys Creek The Springs Township Local Documentation, assessment and Site significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 1467 Dutson Eucalyptus tereticornis Local On National Trust Significant significance Trees Register, therefore of sufficient significance to be protected under Planning Scheme. 1342 Glengarry Cairnbrook Farm Regional Documentation, assessment and Complex significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 510 Glenmaggie Cheynes Bridge Camping Local Area significance

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ID Locality Place name Final Recommendations Ranking

1362 Glenmaggie Glenmaggie Truss Bridge State Documentation, assessment and significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme (note: history could be written from statement of significance). National Trust considers of State significance. 113 Golden Point Ben Crauchan Regional Minimal extra work required to significance add place to planning scheme. This place is a large landscape area, primarily public land with aesthetic and social values. RNE Status from RFA - Nominate to RNE 1409 Goodwood Thompson Brothers’ Regional Management: The site is readily sawmill site, significance accessible by forest track in a Mullungdung Forest popular flora reserve. A boardwalk across the uphill side of the mill and some simple interpretive material would highlight its significance. (Evans 1998) Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 10 Gormandale Grand Ridge Road Regional RNE Status from RFA - Nominate significance to RNE 821 Grant Grant Township and Documentation, assessment and Cemetery significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). 827 Grant Jungle Creek Quartz Regional Treat as part of whole reserve Mine Site significance (Grant Historic Reserve) - or list separately under Planning Scheme? Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). NOTE: Jungle Creek Battery Site

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ID Locality Place name Final Recommendations Ranking (#826), Jungle Creek Quartz Mine Site (#827) and Jungle Creek Gold Mining Diversion Sluice (#769) are overlapping sites in terms of location and history (R. Christie) 1383 Gunyah Gunyah Gunyah Hotel Local Documentation, assessment and Site significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 2168 Heyfield Private hospital (former) Requires minimal additional work to enable protection under the planning scheme. A short history and concise description and extent of significance is all that is required. Well documented in Macalister Landscapes. 16 Howitt Plains Wonnangatta Station and State Documentation, assessment and Valley, Alpine National significance significance are sufficient to enable Park this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Needs clarification as to whether it is in the Wellington Shire. 1586 Lake Wellington Lake Wellington army State History could be written from survey beacon significance Statement of significance 5 Licola Alpine National Park Heritage Status - RNE Status from RFA - Nominate to RNE Minimal extra work required to add place to planning scheme. This place is a large landscape area, primarily public land with aesthetic and social values. 109 Licola Australian Alps Walking RNE Status from RFA - Nominate Track to RNE Minimal extra work required to add place to planning scheme. This place is a large landscape area, primarily public land with strong natural, aesthetic and social values. 21 Licola Avon Wilderness Park Local Heritage Status – RNE Status from significance RFA - Nominate to RNE Minimal extra work required to add place to planning scheme. This place is a large landscape area, primarily public land with aesthetic and social values. 403 Licola Chesters Hut (ruin) Local Documentation, assessment and significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. However, if little now remains, marking and

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ID Locality Place name Final Recommendations Ranking interpreting the site to ensure its history and local associations are not lost may be the most important action. 452 Licola Connors Plain Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 1384 Licola Licola Bridge Requires minimal additional work to enable protection under the planning scheme. 509 Licola Licola Village Regional Documentation, assessment and significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. However, a more detailed site survey and/or a map showing the specific features regarded as significant would be helpful. RNE Status from RFA - Deemed to be below threshold for RNE, Subcriterion E.1 127 Licola Macalister River Valley RNE Status from RFA - Nominate to RNE Minimal extra work required to add place to planning scheme. This place is a large landscape area, primarily public land with aesthetic and social values. 442 Licola Mount Wellington Local Documentation, assessment and Geodetic Survey Cairn significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 1552 Licola Round Post Yard Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. (source is Macalister Landscapes) 1444 Maffra Ficus macrophylla On National Trust Significant Trees Register, therefore of sufficient significance to be protected under Planning Scheme. (See also whole places #720) 1445 Maffra Quercus cerris f. Laciniata On National Trust Significant Trees Register, therefore of sufficient significance to be protected under Planning Scheme.

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ID Locality Place name Final Recommendations Ranking

1373 Maffra St Andrew's Uniting Documentation, assessment and Church significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 695 Maffra Sugar Beet Factory Office Worthy of immediate protection. (former) & weighbridge Minimal extra work required to add place to planning scheme. Documented in Macalister Landscapes as well as through other local sources. 783 Munro Primary School No. 1589 Local Minimal extra work required to (Munro) + Stockdale significance add place to planning scheme. School (fmr) 226 Newry Avon River, The Documentation, assessment and Channels significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 2152 Port Albert Rocket & Mortar Store Assessed by Gabrielle Moylan, Heritage Adviser to the Wellington Shire and recommended for protection under the Planning Scheme. 793 Port Albert Sunday Island Pilot Heritage Inventory Policies: Station residence Nooramunga Faunal Reserve (relocated) Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 1462 Rosedale Purple-leaved Dutch Elms On National Trust Significant (Ulmus x hollandica Trees Register, therefore of 'purpurascens') sufficient significance to be protected under Planning Scheme. 759 Rosedale Rosedale Hotel Stables Requires minimal additional work (one section) to enable protection under the planning scheme. A short history and concise description and extent of significance is all that is required. (Note: There is more data held by RNE and NTA to complete this record; Rosedale Historical Society may have more too.) 1477 Stratford Eucalyptus tereticornis On National Trust Significant Trees Register, therefore of sufficient significance to be

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ID Locality Place name Final Recommendations Ranking protected under Planning Scheme.

1389 Tarra Valley Split Board Cottage Minimal extra work required to add place to planning scheme. 1386 Tinamba Mansons Bridge Regional Documentation, assessment and significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 1484 Tinamba Populus alba On National Trust Significant Trees Register, therefore of sufficient significance to be protected under Planning Scheme. 1390 Toongabbie Thomson River Marble Regional Documentation, assessment and Quarry significance significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. 2113 Upper Maffra Millers Cheese Factory Minimal extra work required to add place to planning scheme. 1490 Valencia Creek Eucalyptus sideroxylon Local On National Trust Significant subsp. Tricarpa significance Trees Register, therefore of sufficient significance to be protected under Planning Scheme. 270 Wongungarra Wongungarra River Documentation, assessment and (Headwaters) significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. (State significance?) 409 Wongungarra Wongungarra Township Minimal extra work required to SIte add place to planning scheme. This place is primarily public land with historical values. Needs a statement of significance.. 1406 Woodside Jamieson & Thompson Regional Management: The site is very small sawmill significance and extremely accessible. It is, however, relatively fragile and any plans to encourage access to the site would have to take this factor into account. (Evans 1998) 1498 Yarram Phoenix canariensis Local On National Trust Significant significance Trees Register, therefore of sufficient significance to be protected under Planning Scheme. Requires statement of significance. Check location (Yarram Historical Society says its not in Yarram).

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APPENDIX 9: PORT ALBERT CONSERVATION STUDY REVIEW

ID Place name Locality Stage 2 priority Recommendations Final Ranking

1278 Alberton Butter Factory Alberton No Action: Already (former) included in Planning Scheme 732 Alberton Cemetery Alberton Planning Scheme Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to State Significance be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Council should immediately seek entry of the cemetery on the Australian Heritage Commission National Estate Register and the Historic Buildings Register of Victoria. From this basis, seek grants or loans for headstones, fencing and landscape restoration (Butler 1982:108-9). Council should support the cemetery trustees maintenance of buildings, headstones, fencing and landscape, particularly in perpetuation of the major elements of the latter (pines). (For example, sheep grazing is a low hazard form of ground cover control: water reticulation for the sheep could be undertaken by Council. Council should assist in the micro-filming of the trustees records (registers), indexes, layout plans). The Victorian Genealogical Society has headstone inscriptions taken at 1974, and a copy of the burial register 1849-59. The index and other registers exist and should be copied (Butler 1982:108-9). Recommendations 2002 Recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule, with potential for the Victorian Heritage Register (Butler, 2002). 792 Alberton Cordial Factory Alberton Low Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Local significance (Underground tanks) Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). Recommendations 2002 Not recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule: research history of place and reassess. 1513 Cummings House Alberton No action Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Demolished be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Recommendations 2002

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ID Place name Locality Stage 2 priority Recommendations Final Ranking Not recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule (Butler, 2002). 1273 Danger Street House Alberton No Action: Already included in Planning Scheme 1276 Eabon Eabon House Alberton No Action: Already included in Planning Scheme 1284 Farm House Alberton No Action: Already included in Planning Scheme 1510 Goy House Alberton No action Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Local interest be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme (Butler 1982:18). Recommendations 2002 Not recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule. 1511 Hair's store and residence Alberton No action Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Local interest be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme (Butler 1982:18). Recommendations 2002 Not recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule (Butler, 2002). 1285 House Alberton No Action: Already included in Planning Scheme 1287 House and Site Alberton No Action: Already included in Planning Scheme 1286 House and Site Alberton No Action: Already included in Planning

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ID Place name Locality Stage 2 priority Recommendations Final Ranking Scheme

1275 Johnson Street House Alberton No Action: Already included in Planning Scheme 1277 Kirksopp Street House Alberton No Action: Already included in Planning Scheme 1274 Mareen House Alberton No Action: Already included in Planning Scheme 1283 Old Port Road House Alberton No Action: Already included in Planning Scheme 1509 Saunders house Alberton Planning Scheme Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Local Significance be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme (Butler 1982:15). Recommendations 2002 Recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule (Butler, 2002). 1280 Streleski Street House Alberton No Action: Already included in Planning Scheme 1281 Turnbull Street House Alberton No Action: Already included in Planning Scheme 1525 Turnbull's Bridge Alberton No action: insufficient Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Local interest cultural landscape, with information be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme (Butler 1982: brewery & house sites, 104). trees The area, as marked, could become an area of special significance within the Planning Scheme where all physical works and removal of vegetation are subject to a permit. Granting of the permit will account for the impact of the application

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ID Place name Locality Stage 2 priority Recommendations Final Ranking on any remnant of “historic” tracks, sites or structures and native and contributive vegetation and all attempts will be made to ensure their preservation and enhancement. (Butler, G. 1982:104). If an area of special significance is not sought: all permit applications in the zones should be considered by the Responsible Authority, accounting for direct or indirect impact on the historic environment. Recommendations 2002 Archaeological and cultural landscape values are evident but further verification of these aspects (investigation of the brewery footings, exact location of Bean's house site, in private property) would be required before consideration for the planning scheme. The surviving exotic willows and indigenous plantings could be protected as evidence of the landscape when settlement had begun in the area and should also be evaluated for the natural values of the indigenous plantings. Given the current evidence on site visible from the public domain: not recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule. 1522 Victoria and Alberton Alberton Planning Scheme Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Local Significance Township Surveys be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Will need guidelines to be developed. Recommendations 2002 Not recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule but consideration could be given to a design and development overlay that focussed on the retention of what remains of the town layout only, in terms of street patterns and names. The options put forward in the 1982 report ( Butler 1982: 102-) canvassed a number of other options (Butler, 2002) . 1512 Victoria Hotel Alberton Planning Scheme Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Regional be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme (Butler Significance 1982:22). Recommendations 2002 Recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule (Butler, 2002). 1514 House Palmerston No Action: Already Local significance included in Planning

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ID Place name Locality Stage 2 priority Recommendations Final Ranking Scheme

1305 House Palmerston No Action: Already Requires documentation to support existing protection under planning scheme. Local significance included in Planning Needs history, description and statement of significance. Scheme 1301 House Palmerston No Action: Already Requires documentation to support existing protection under planning scheme. Local significance included in Planning Needs history, description and statement of significance. Scheme 1300 House Palmerston No Action: Already Requires documentation to support existing protection under planning scheme. Local significance included in Planning Needs history, description and statement of significance. Scheme 1302 House, Denison Street Palmerston No Action: Already Requires documentation to support existing protection under planning scheme. Local significance included in Planning Needs history, description and statement of significance. Scheme 1524 Palmerston Township Palmerston High Minimal extra work required to add place to planning scheme. Will require Survey development of guidelines to clearly identify significant elements. 1303 Police Station (fmr), Palmerston No Action: Already Requires documentation to support existing protection under planning scheme. Local significance Denison Street included in Planning Needs history, description and statement of significance. Scheme 1306 Tarawonga Palmerston No Action: Already Requires documentation to support existing protection under planning scheme. Local significance included in Planning Needs history, description and statement of significance. Scheme 1515 Thomson house Palmerston No action Minimal extra work required to add place to planning scheme. Place is included Demolished within Butler's Port Albert study. Recommendations 2002 Not recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule (Butler, 2002). 1310 Turnbull Orr and Co Palmerston No Action: Already Requires documentation to support existing protection under planning scheme. Local significance Bond Store and Office included in Planning Needs history, description and statement of significance. (former) Scheme

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ID Place name Locality Stage 2 priority Recommendations Final Ranking

700 Baker's shop & residence Port Albert Planning Scheme Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Regional be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme (Butler Significance 1982:66). Recommendations 2002 Recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule. The place is already in the Port Albert area heritage overlay (HO34) and should be cited in local policies as contributory as to the significance of the area (Butler, 2002). 697 Derwent Hotel (former) Port Albert Planning Scheme Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. (Butler 1982:60). 1931 Government Wharf, Port Albert No Action: Already Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Local interest former included in Planning be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Scheme Recommendations 2002 Not recommended for inclusion as an individual listing in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule but it should remain in HO34 and be cited in local policies as contributory. 1520 House Port Albert No action: insufficient Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Local interest information be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Recommendations 2002 Not recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule. History required and then reassess (Butler, 2002). 703 House, Loughnans Street Port Albert No Action: Already included in Planning Scheme 680 Immigration Depot Port Albert No Action: Already State significance included in Planning Scheme 698 Luttrell house Port Albert No action Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Demolished be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme (Butler 1982:62).

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ID Place name Locality Stage 2 priority Recommendations Final Ranking Recommendations 2002 Not recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule. 1516 Port Albert Hotel Port Albert Planning Scheme Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Local Significance be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Recommendations 2002 Recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule. The place is already in the Port Albert area heritage overlay (HO34) and should be cited in local policies as contributory as to the significance of the area (Butler, 2002). 729 Port Albert Maritime Port Albert No Action: Already State significance Museum included in Planning Scheme 1519 Port Albert Mechanics Port Albert Planning Scheme Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Local Significance Institute hall, former be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Recommendations 2002 The interior and sufficient of the exterior to support the interior finishes are recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule. The place is already in the Port Albert area heritage overlay (HO34) and should be cited in local policies as contributory as to the significance of the area. Further work needed on history and a detailed inspection of the fabric for remnants of the iron prefabricated hall (windows? Columns?) (Butler, 2002). 1379 Port Albert Police Station Port Albert Planning Scheme Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Regional (former) & Ombu tree be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme (Butler Significance 1982:51). Recommendations 2002 Recommended for retention in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule (HO30), with potential for the Ombu tree to be added to the Victorian Heritage Register or be included in the scheme schedule as a separate entry (Butler, 2002). 733 Port Albert Post Office Port Albert Planning Scheme Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Regional be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme (Butler

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ID Place name Locality Stage 2 priority Recommendations Final Ranking (former) 1982:59). Significance Recommendations 2002 Recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule. The place is already in the Port Albert area heritage overlay (HO34) and should be cited in local policies as contributory as to the significance of the area (Butler, 2002). 790 Port Albert Powder Port Albert No Action: Already Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Local significance Magazine (footings) included in Planning Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). Scheme 1526 Port Albert Railway Port Albert No action Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Local interest Reserve precinct be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme (Butler 1982:104). Council policy should encourage the preservation of those elements which relate to the history of the site (Butler 1982:104). Recommendations 2002 Not recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule (Butler, 2002). 526 Port Albert Township Port Albert Planning Scheme: Precinct Recommendations 2002 Regional Surveys The existing heritage overlay (HO34) extends over Raglan St to the north, along Significance William St on the west, Victoria St and North St on the south to the coast on the east, following Bay St frontages back to Raglan St. It does not cover the Turnbull town survey but does cover the early 1840s subdivisions. It extends as far as St Johns Anglican Church on the north but does not cover the former Wesleyan Church in the same area. It covers all of Bay St (that has no identified heritage places) as far as the former powder magazine (individually listed in the heritage overlay). The recommended reduction of HO34 (Port Albert Master Plan) reduces it to the recognised individually significant buildings at the Wharf and Victoria Streets intersection and around Shipping Point. This does not account for the survey itself or the context for these buildings. If the recommendations in this review ( (Butler, 2002). are taken up most of the individual places will be separately listed in the scheme, leaving much of the proposed reduced HO34 redundant except for public areas (road and foreshore reserves). A community view is that all of

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ID Place name Locality Stage 2 priority Recommendations Final Ranking Wharf St from Spring St should be included as a minimum. Hence if built elements and their immediate setting are to be the focus of the heritage overlay it could be reduced to follow Spring (north), Princess and Albert Streets (west), Duke St to the coast, Queen St and back to Spring St (Butler, 2002). However a DDO should be considered for the balance of the survey towards protection of the context of the old port and the survey itself. 1517 Roberts' drapers shop & Port Albert Planning Scheme Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Regional residence, Cordyline be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Significance

Recommendations 2002 Recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule. The place is already in the Port Albert area heritage overlay (HO34) and should be cited in local policies as contributory as to the significance of the area. The very large cordyline in front of the house should be listed separately or acknowledged in the heritage overlay schedule, with tree control. 1518 Rodondo and The Port Albert Planning Scheme Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Local Significance Smiths be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme. Recommendations 2002 Recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule. The place is already in the Port Albert area heritage overlay (HO34) and should be cited in local policies as contributory as to the significance of the area (Butler, 2002). 701 Sea Bank site Port Albert Planning Scheme Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Regional Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). Significance Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme (Butler 1982:39). Recommendations 2002 Seabank is not recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule. However the Seabank site should remain on the Victorian Heritage Inventory to ensure that any future development does not endanger any residual artefacts on the site. A planning scheme DDO should be

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ID Place name Locality Stage 2 priority Recommendations Final Ranking considered to guide future development of the place, given its proximity to other sensitive heritage and natural areas (Butler, 2002). 731 Ship Inn Hotel bar Port Albert Planning Scheme Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Regional (former) be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme (Butler Significance 1982:64). Recommendations 2002 Recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule. The place is already in the Port Albert area heritage overlay (HO34) and should be cited in local policies as contributory as to the significance of the area. The very large cordyline to the south should be listed separately or acknowledged in the heritage overlay schedule, with tree control (Butler, 2002). 702 St John's Church of Port Albert Planning Scheme Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Local Significance England be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme (Butler 1982:73). Recommendations 2002 Recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule. The place is already in the Port Albert area heritage overlay (HO34) and should be cited in local policies as contributory as to the significance of the area. 699 Sydserff's general store & Port Albert Planning Scheme Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Regional bakery be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme (Butler Significance 1982:65) Recommendations 2002 Recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule. The place is already in the Port Albert area heritage overlay (HO34) and should be cited in local policies as contributory as to the significance of the area (Butler, 2002). 708 Turnbull Orr & Co Port Albert No Action: Already Needs to be listed in Planning Scheme (should have an HO number subsequent State significance Bond Store and Office included in Planning to the listing by Heritage Victoria) (former) Scheme 1521 Wee Waa Port Albert No action: insufficient Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Local interest information be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme.

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ID Place name Locality Stage 2 priority Recommendations Final Ranking Recommendations 2002 Not recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule. History required and then reassess (Butler, 2002). 727 Wesleyan Church, Port Port Albert Planning Scheme Documentation, assessment and significance are sufficient to enable this place to Regional Albert & trees be proposed for immediate protection under the Planning Scheme (Butler Significance 1982:74). Recommendations 2002 Recommended for inclusion in the Wellington Planning Scheme heritage overlay schedule. The place is already in the Port Albert area heritage overlay (HO34) and should be cited in local policies as contributory as to the significance of the area. The mature cordylines at the corner of church should be included in the description and acknowledged in the tree control column of the schedule (Butler, 2002). 794 Corcoran Tannery Tarraville Planning Scheme Victorian Heritage Inventory listing means a permit is required from Heritage Local significance Victoria for any disturbance to place (including conservation works). Requires minimal additional work to enable protection under the planning scheme. A short history and concise description and extent of significance is all that is required. 2047 Tarraville Township Site Tarraville High Assessment of the overall archaeological potential and significance of these three - Reeve's Special Survey township areas is required. This may require a separately funded survey. Advice should be sought from Heritage Victoria. (See also separate listing for Tarraville, Palmerston, Port Albert place no. 1523) 1523 Township Surveys: Tarraville High Assessment of the overall archaeological potential and significance of these three Taraville; Port Albert, township areas is required. This may require a separately funded survey. Advice Palmerston should be sought from Heritage Victoria. (See also separate listing for Tarraville Township Site - Reeves Special Survey Place no. 2047) Butler provides some detailed recommendations (below): One option is to encourage the materialisation of the old town plans in a quasi- historic form, by allowing construction at the density of the existing town lots (as a minimum), perhaps over a long term, and in a form which relates to the existing designated structures. To obviate the complication of the existing zones and their requirements, an area of special significance would be declared which would overlay the existing zoning only in the historically important areas, thus

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ID Place name Locality Stage 2 priority Recommendations Final Ranking requiring all new building construction to have a permit and form guidelines would be created to aid in its design. As pointed out above, this would not alter the existing requirement for a permit greatly, except in the Residential Zone and allow the demand for housing finally to determine the town’s form. To ensure that this density is achievable,, houses would adhere to the existing lot boundaries (Butler 1982:101). Port Albert - Palmerston: Existing controls are predominantly in the form of Residential A Zones. Hence no permit is required to build a house on an existing town lot. The Commercial A Zone, which follows existing usage along Tarraville Road and Wharf Street, requires a permit for all new private building works. This also applies for the Industrial A Zone which extends east of Duke Street. Recommended Controls: As with Victoria-Alberton, an area of special significance would overlay the zoning pattern with similar requirements, relating to new and existing buildings. Here the impact of controls would be felt more, given the large residential zone; however these controls would serve the dual purpose of amenity control and historical conservation of a potentially desirable area for retirement housing. Because of the relative containment visually, of the two towns by the Tarra and Albert Rivers, uncontrolled development would have a more apparent effect on the town’s historic environment and its attraction for prospective buyers. So too is there a greater density of designated buildings than Alberton-Victoria. Tarra Vale - Tarraville: The more historic Tarra Vale is almost entirely Agricultural Zone and hence only new houses on lot sizes over 50 ha. do not require a permit. The exception is the site of the now demolished Mechanics’ Institute which is zoned Special Use: again a permit must be obtained for all buildings. Tarraville is zoned mainly Residential A west of McCrae Street with an Industrial A Zone on section 7; the latter zone requiring a permit whilst the former does not, for house construction. The historic importance of Tarraville is not considered to be high enough for blanket development control outside of the designated buildings. However, Tarra Vale possesses great importance, both as an early town design and the possessor of two buildings of equally high importance, with the nearby Christ Church

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ID Place name Locality Stage 2 priority Recommendations Final Ranking reinforcing this. The town could become an area of special significance in the Planning Scheme, requiring permits for all construction, as is the case now. In all cases, amalgamation of allotments in these historic towns, should be resisted to prevent absolute destruction of their street pattern and density. If an area of special significance is not sought: all permit applications in the zones should be considered by the Responsible Authority, accounting for direct or indirect impact on the historic environment (Butler 1982:101). This option is based on a theoretical concept which may never be achieved, subject to the housing demand, and will place controls on some fifty of the Victoria township’s original town lots. Likely controls on building form could determine: the use of timber, stuccoed or 100bagged brickwork, painted within a specified colour range, for walls and painted corrugated iron or slate for roofs; the use of simple hipped or gabled roof forms; the adoption of symmetrical front elevation fenestration; and the option to add a post verandah. These would apply to new buildings, alterations to designated buildings, additions and advertising signs. Controls could also provide for flexible useage for the existing buildings in the town, where their future viability may depend on a non-conforming use. However, given the low availability of sewerage disposal and the cost of extending this, together with a likely oversupply of town lots from the old surveys, it is more practical to encourage adoption of building form guidelines and the relevant National Trust of Australia (Vic.) Technical Bulletins (signs, paint colours; historic gardens, infill development). This option implies protection, by permit, of only the designated buildings. Given that they comprise a minority of the potential housing lots, it might be argued that to seek concurrence with the original development plan is unrealistic and unachievable, given the low demand for house lots there: thus putting unnecessary restrictions on those who do seek to reside in Alberton or Victoria. The intervening space between designated buildings may always remain rural and they may not be “swallowed” by intrusive development (Butler 1982:100).

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APPENDIX 10: SALE HERITAGE STUDY (1994) REVIEW

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

Road Bridge - Sale Sale Low Not seen in Stage 1 fieldwork 1472 Princes Highway, Traralgon- Sale No action: Primarily Primarily natural/aesthetic 137 Bairnsdale (view) natural/aesthetic significance value Thomson River Jetty Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study 808 place Lake Guthridge Landscape Area Sale Planning Scheme: Precinct Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 885 Band Rotunda Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1337 required Thomson Street Precinct - Sale Planning Scheme: Precinct Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 892 Town Centre Precinct - Sale Planning Scheme: Precinct Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Regional 893 significance Stawell & Market Street Precinct - Sale Planning Scheme: Precinct Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 891 St Mary's Precinct - Sale Planning Scheme: Precinct Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 890 Railway Precinct - Sale Planning Scheme: Precinct Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 889 Victoria Park Precinct - Sale Planning Scheme: Precinct Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 888 Myrtlebank School (fmr) Part CA Back Maffra Road Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1049 201 place House Part CA Back Maffra Road Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1048 201 House 7 Barkly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1111 place House 15 Barkly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1112 place House 46 Barkly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1117

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Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID place House 47 Barkly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1116 place House 109 Barkly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1068 Contributory to precinct (Local) House 112 Barkly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1070 Contributory to precinct (Local) House 113 Barkly Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1069 Precinct: RAAF Housing (Sale) Bergen and Stead Streets Sale Planning Scheme: Precinct Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1187 Shop (Bond Street, Sale) 10 Bond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1005 Contributory to precinct (Local) H J Templeton & Sons 36 Bond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1006 Contributory to precinct (Local) House (farm) CA 34 Butchers Road Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1047 required House 14 Codrington Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1020 required House 18 Codrington Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1019 place Bishopscourt 4 Cransmith Court Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected Regional 1178 in Planning Scheme significance Sale Planning Scheme Cunningham Street, Sale Low Recognised on Wellington Local interest 2226 Commemoration Barkly Street Shire Monuments Register Sale Waterworks Pumping Cunninghame Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1043 Station place Cunninghame Street Bridge & Cunninghame Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 961 Pipe Crossing place

106 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

Wall of Fame Cunninghame Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1166 House 5 Cunninghame Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 960 place Mason House Medical Clinic 36 Cunninghame Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1271 place Assembly Church 97 - 103 Cunninghame Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1243 place Sunday School 105 Cunninghame Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1234 place Methodist Manse (fmr) 107 Cunninghame Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1235 place Manchester Unity Hall (fmr) 123 Cunninghame Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1145 required Carlowrie 129 Cunninghame Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1144 place Chapter House 145 - 147 Cunninghame Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1143 place St Paul's Anglican Cathedral 149 Cunninghame Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1142 place House 161 Cunninghame Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1257 Contributory to precinct (Local) House 167 Cunninghame Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1120 place House 175 Cunninghame Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1141 place Gippsland Ladies College (fmr) 181 - 183 Cunninghame Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1140 place

107 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

House 193 Cunninghame Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1122 required Remnant indigenous trees Cunninghame Street (in Sale No Action: Already included Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1153 road reserve) in Planning Scheme House CA 3 Dargo Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1202 place Morris (Monk) House CA 5 Dargo Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local interest as a 1198 site only Cottage CA 6 Dargo Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1199 Contributory to precinct (Interest) Cottage CA 7 Dargo Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1197 Contributory to precinct (Local) Drying Barn CA 14 Dargo Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1201 place Municipal Pound CA 40 B Dargo Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1196 place House (place id 868) 30 Darley (?) Sale High Not seen in Stage 1 fieldwork 868 Sale Cheese Factory Dawson St (west end near Sale Medium Potential archaeological 1638 lagoon) significance Alfred & Mary Howitt house site Dawson St (west end near Sale Medium Potential archaeological 1637 pines) significance Bon Accord 153-155 Dawson Street Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected State significance 1150 in Planning Scheme House (Mr Ball's house) Desailly Street Sale No action Demolished Demolished 870 Peppercorn trees Desailly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1000 place Coast Redwood Desailly Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1265

108 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID required House 25 Desailly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 970 place House 28 Desailly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 972 Contributory to precinct (Local) House 29 Desailly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 969 place House 51 Desailly Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1004 House 55 Desailly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1003 Contributory to precinct (Local) House (McMillan Chiropractic 59 Desailly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1002 Centre) place Armadale Reception Centre 63 - 69 Desailly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1001 place House 131 Desailly Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1256 House 181 Desailly Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local interest 944 recommended for protection House 185 Desailly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 943 place Street trees 187 Desailly Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 942 (near) required (Local) House 190 Desailly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 941 place The Minters 207 Desailly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 936 place House 209 Desailly Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local interest 937 recommended for protection

109 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

House (Flats) 21 Desailly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 971 place Presbyterian Manse 30 Desailly Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 967 place Norfolk Island Pines Desaily Street Sale High Not seen in Stage 1 fieldwork 880 Urania Cottage 6 Dundas Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1118 place House 12 Dundas Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1119 Contributory to precinct (Interest) House 90 Dundas Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1072 required St Helen's Private Hospital (fmr) 37 Elgin Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1123 place Stables 67 (rear) Elgin Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1058 place House 80 Elgin Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1253 place House 95 Elgin Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1059 required House 127 Elgin Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1061 required Wurruk Primary School 15 Fisk Street Wurruk Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1039 place Gay Nor 11 Fitzroy Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 921 place House 22 Fitzroy Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local interest 948 recommended for protection

110 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

House 47 Fitzroy Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 945 place House 58 Fitzroy Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local interest 947 recommended for protection House 64 Fitzroy Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local interest 946 recommended for protection House 96 Fitzroy Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1086 place House 146 Fitzroy Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1071 place Sale Heritage Area Foster Street Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected Local significance 182 in Planning Scheme State Bank Plaque, Sale Foster Street Sale No action: already recognised Recognised on Wellington Local interest 2227 Shire Monuments Register Boer War Memorial & rose Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1009 garden place McMillan Monument Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1008 place Lake Guthridge Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1157 place The Colonial Club Hotel 101 - 105 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 914 place The Porcupine Place 106 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 899 place Nambrok Antiques 107 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 915 Contributory to precinct Elva's Hairstylists & Beauty Salon 108 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 898 Contributory to precinct (Local)

111 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

Michael Page Photography 109 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 916 place Pizza shop 110 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 897 Contributory to precinct Woodturner (shop) 111 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 917 Contributory to precinct Shop (Brontes) 112 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 896 place Shop (Australasian House) 113 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 918 Contributory to precinct (Local) Lana's Beauty Salon 114 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 895 Contributory to precinct (Interest) Shop (The Redcoat Soldier) 115 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 919 place Sale City Museum 130 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 894 place House 155 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1050 place House 169 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1051 place House 215 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1052 place St Mary's Cathedral 47 Foster Street Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected Regional 1172 in Planning Scheme significance St. Mary's Primary School 47 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1191 place St. Mary's Convent (former) 47 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1192 place

112 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

Bishop's Residence and 47 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1190 Presbytery place Diocesan Centre Office 63 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 974 place Esso-BHPP buildings 64 Foster Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 973 place Sale Court House 79 Foster Street Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected State significance 1007 in Planning Scheme Sale Court House 79 - 87 Foster Street Sale No Action: Already included Assessed: Sale Heritage Study State significance 685 in Planning Scheme House Fronting road near Swan Sale High Not seen in Stage 1 fieldwork 2203 Lake Drive-Inn Grassdale Homestead 33 Grassdale Road (Sale- Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected State significance 1321 Maffra Road) in Planning Scheme Juniperus virginiana Gutheridge Parade Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Suitable for immediate Local significance 1466 (Botanic Gardens) place Planning Scheme protection Row of Cypresses - Guthridge Parade Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1214 Contributory to precinct (Local) Friendly Societies Recreation - Guthridge Parade Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1160 Ground Contributory to precinct (Local) Botanic Gardens - Guthridge Parade Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1152 place Cricket Ground and recreation - Guthridge Parade Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1165 reserve recommended for protection (Interest) House 34 Guthridge Parade Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1215 place House 52 Guthridge Parade Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1213 place

113 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

Moneenroe 124 Guthridge Parade Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1212 place Fitzpatrick House 134 Guthridge Parade Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected Local significance 1156 in Planning Scheme Plane tree (Sale Hospital) 143 - 171 Guthridge Parade Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1155 place The Cottage 146 Guthridge Parade Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1211 place Sunnyside 216 Guthridge Parade Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1181 place House 22 Guthridge Parade Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1216 place Blairgowrie 26 Inglis Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1185 place Velodrome Inglis Street (off) Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Recognised on Wellington Local interest 2229 recommended for protection Shire Monuments Register Prickle Farm 2 Lacey Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1225 place House 86 Lansdowne Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1121 place House 91 Lansdowne Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1060 place Dargo Street Rural Area - Located at the eastern end Sale Planning Scheme: Precinct Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 887 of Dargo Street, and extending north to include the former alignment of Flooding Creek and up to the southern boundary of the Sale Canal (separately

114 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID listed). Macalister Street footbridge - Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1032 place Elms (Macalister Street) - Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1115 place House 6 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1028 place House 10 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1030 place House 28 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1193 place House 30 Macalister Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1194 Cathedral Hall 38 - 40 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 976 place House 7 Macalister Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1029 required Temperance Hall 78 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 964 place City of Sale Municipal Offices, 80 - 88 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 949 Hall & former Gallery place Criterion Hotel 90 - 94 Macalister Street Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected State significance 1137 in Planning Scheme House (place id. 876) ? Macalister Street Sale High Not seen in Stage 1 fieldwork 876 Victoria Park 101 Macalister Street Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected State significance 1151 in Planning Scheme Sister Muriel Peck Memorial 102 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1138 Infant Welfare Centre (fmr) place

115 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

House 110 Macalister Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1261 required Houses (adjoining) 116 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1136 place House 120 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1135 place Sale Primary School No. 545 123 - 135 Macalister Street Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected Local significance 1148 in Planning Scheme House 136 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1134 Contributory to precinct House 143 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1139 place House 152 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1133 place House 154 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1132 place House 155 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1114 place House 156 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1131 place House 159 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1262 place House 162 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1130 place House 166 Macalister Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1129 House 170 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1128 place

116 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

House 174 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1113 place House 182 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1260 Contributory to precinct House 186 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1127 place House 190 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1126 place House 2 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1027 place Cypresses (Macalister Street - 2 Macalister Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1031 west end) required House 200 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1125 Contributory to precinct Victoria Hall (fmr) 47 Macalister Street Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected State significance 968 in Planning Scheme Gippsland Times 74 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 965 place Foster Houses (group of 3) 89, 91 Macalister Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1147 place Quercus robur Macalister Street (Victoria Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Suitable for immediate Local significance 1465 Park) place Planning Scheme protection Water Towers (Victoria Park, - Macalister Street (Victoria Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1168 Sale) Park) place House & outbuildings 84 Macarthur Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 996 The Gables 118 Macarthur Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1098 place

117 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

House 123 Macarthur Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1089 place House 125 Macarthur Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1090 place House 133 Macarthur Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1091 place House 135 Macarthur Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1092 place House 141 Macarthur Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1093 required House 143 Macarthur Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1094 required House 152 Macarthur Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1097 place State Bank houses (group) 163 Macarthur Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1228 place House 190 Macarthur Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1096 place House 209 Macarthur Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1095 place House 26 Macarthur Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 959 place Herb Guyatt and Rob Howath Macintosh Drive Sale No action: already recognised Recognised on Wellington Local interest 2228 Walking Track Plaques Shire Monuments Register House 18 Market Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1108 House 59 Market Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local interest 1073 recommended for protection

118 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

Annie Pain Memorial 61 - 63 Market Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1074 Kindergarten Hall place House 98 Market Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1079 place House 102 Market Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1078 place House 11 Market Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1109 place House 111 Market Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1075 House 112 Market Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1077 place House 64 Market Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Not seen in Stage 1 fieldwork Demolished 765 House 90 Market Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1080 place HCV Estate 131 Market Street (plus 132- Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1076 146 Marley + 103-111 place Fitzroy Streets) House 45 Marley Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1106 place House 57 Marley Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1099 Contributory to precinct (Local) Delbridge Hall 64 - 68 Marley Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1105 place House 67 Marley Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1101 place House 69 Marley Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1102 place

119 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

House 70 Marley Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1247 Contributory to precinct (Local) House 71 Marley Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1103 place House 76 - 78 Marley Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1104 required House 94 Marley Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1088 place House 96 Marley Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1087 place House 100 Marley Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1085 place House 101 Marley Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1081 place House 102 Marley Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1084 place House 113 Marley Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1082 House 114 Marley Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1083 Contributory to precinct (Local) House 18 Marley Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1107 place House 61 Marley Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1100 required House 2 Maxfields Lane Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1224 place Greenwood 4 Maxfields Lane Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1226 Contributory to precinct (Local)

120 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

Maxfields Bridge Maxfields Road Sale High Local significance 2342 Nylex (fmr Woollen Mills) 35 - 47 McGhee Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1177 place McIntosh Settlement Site - McIntosh Drive Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1272 recommended for protection House 2 McMillan Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1258 Elm trees McMillan Street & Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1163 Desailly Street place Tom's Cottage 10 Otway Street Wurruk Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1040 place House 13 Palmerston Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1053 place House 21 Palmerston Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1054 Contributory to precinct (Local) Nurses' Home 36 - 48 Palmerston Street Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected Regional 1124 in Planning Scheme significance House 51 Palmerston Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1055 place House 83 Palmerston Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1056 place House 118 Palmerston Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1057 place Park Street Bridge Park Street Sale High Local significance 2346 Park Street Bridge Park Street Sale Planning Scheme: Part of a Not seen in Stage 1 fieldwork Contributory 1471 larger place (Local) Redgate Reserve CA 7 A Park Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1195 place

121 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

Port of Sale Memorial Plaques Park Street (off) Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Local significance 2230 required Esso Executive Housing 45 Patten and Hutchison Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1219 Streets place The Grange 104 Patten Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1218 required House 88 Patten Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1270 place Diocese of Sale Bishop's Office 8 Pearson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 975 place St Patrick's College 29 - 41 Pearson Street Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected Regional 1176 in Planning Scheme significance Lawdorn 44 Pearson Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1189 Private Garden 119 Pearson Street Sale High Not seen in Stage 1 fieldwork Local significance 722 House 155 Pearson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 934 place House 166 Pearson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 935 place Prague 3 Pine Grove Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1209 required Pooleys Bridge - Pooleys Road Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1046 place House CA 11 Pooleys Road Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1045 required House CA 13 Pooleys Road Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1044 required Providence Ponds (Fauna and Princes Highway Sale No action: Primarily Primarily natural/aesthetic 114

122 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID Flora Reserve) natural/aesthetic signif. value Bridges and road alignment Princes Highway Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1036 (Princes Hwy, Sale) place Stump Princes Highway Wurruk Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local interest 1264 recommended for protection King George V Jubilee Avenue - Princes Highway Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected Regional 1158 in Planning Scheme significance House 3 Princes Highway (Foster Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1240 Street) place Loyola 23 Princes Highway (Foster Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1241 Street) place Boat Shed - Punt Lane Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1200 place Raglan Street Bridge Raglan Street Sale High Local significance 2343 Sale RAAF Base Monument Raglan Street Sale No action: already recognised Recognised on Wellington Local interest 2231 Shire Monuments Register House 1 Raglan Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 940 place Brick Works (fmr) 7 Raglan Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1239 place Maralinga 31 Raglan Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1186 place Lyndhurst 67 Raglan Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1210 place House 100 Raglan Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1238 place House 105 Raglan Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1237 place

123 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

House 140 - 142 Raglan Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1236 place House 150 Raglan Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1233 place House 174 Raglan Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1232 place House 197 Raglan Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1229 place House 211 Raglan Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1230 place House 22 Raglan Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 938 place House 379 Raglan Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1231 House 5 Raglan Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1255 place House 8 Raglan Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 939 place House 31 Railway Crescent Wurruk Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1041 required House (Place id 882) N W cnr Raymond & Stawell Sts Sale High Not seen in Stage 1 fieldwork 882 Clock Tower - Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1167 Contributory to precinct (Local) Sale High School (Former) 63 - 77 Raymond Street Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected Regional 1207 in Planning Scheme significance Beaurepaire Tyre Service Pty Ltd 80 - 88 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 913 building place Café Rossi 90 - 92 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 902

124 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID place Macmillans Gippsland 93 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 900 Contributory to precinct (Local) Action Office Machines & Office 96 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 903 Supplies Contributory to precinct (Local) Aussie Disposals ?? Raymond Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Not seen in Stage 1 fieldwork Local interest 869 recommended for protection Sullivan Braham Pty Ltd 104 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 905 place Shop 110 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 906 Contributory to precinct (Local) The Handy Store 114 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 907 Contributory to precinct (Local) Trevor Cox Dental Clinic 116 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 908 Contributory to precinct (Local) Australian Mutual Provident 118 - 124 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study State significance 909 Society building place Common School (former) 119 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1188 place Allman Moroney 123 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 901 place Login Place 131 - 171 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1162 Contributory to precinct (Local) St Columba's Uniting Church, 131 - 171 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 966 Hall/Sunday School place Shops 134 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 910 Contributory to precinct (Interest) Custom Printing 142 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 911

125 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID place Sale Hotel 154 - 162 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 912 place Esso Credit Union 164 - 166 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 982 place Star Hotel 173 - 185 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 981 place Shop 174 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 983 Contributory to precinct (Local) Shop 176 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 984 Contributory to precinct (Local) Shops (group of three) 184 - 190 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 985 Contributory to precinct (Local) Shops (group of two) 196 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 986 place Cobb & Co Stables 199 Raymond Street Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected Regional 980 in Planning Scheme significance Shop 206 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 987 Contributory to precinct (Local) Shops (pair) 224 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 990 Contributory to precinct (Local) Shops & Arcade 229 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 979 place Shops (pair) 236 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 988 Contributory to precinct (Interest) Shops (pair) 240 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 989 Contributory to precinct (Local) Shops (group of three) 248 - 252 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 991

126 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID Contributory to precinct (Interest) Coles Store (former) 255 - 259 Raymond Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local interest 978 recommended for protection Shops '1925' (group of three 266 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 992 shops) Contributory to precinct (Local) Findlay & Weymouth Amcal 27 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 977 Chemist Contributory to precinct (Local) Shop 288 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 993 Contributory to precinct (Local) Crown Hotel 317 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 994 Contributory to precinct (Local) House 451 Raymond Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 995 House 454 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1018 place Hawthorn Dairy & House 462 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1017 place House 478 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1015 place House 479 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1267 place House 480 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1014 place House 493 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1016 place House 499 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1013 place Latrobe Hotel (former) 511 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1012 place

127 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

House 517 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1011 place St Anne's and Gippsland 52 Raymond Street Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected Regional 1246 Grammar School in Planning Scheme significance House 525 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1010 place Continuing Education Centre 63 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1348 place Shop/office 98 Raymond Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 904 place Benacre 1 Rebecca Drive Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1248 place House (Place id 867) ?? Reeve & Raglan Sts (cnr) Sale No action: insufficient Not seen in Stage 1 fieldwork 867 information Signal box, railway gates and - Reeve Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 950 signals place HM Prison Sale 1 - 13 Reeve Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1171 place House 65 Reeve Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 952 place House 67 Reeve Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 953 Contributory to precinct (Local) House 69 Reeve Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 954 House 71 Reeve Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 955 House 73 Reeve Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 956 House 79 Reeve Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 958 place

128 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

House 137 Reeve Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 932 House 138 Reeve Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 933 place House 39 Reeve Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1259 place House 63 Reeve Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 951 place Houses (pair) 75 Reeve Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 957 place Hotel (fmr) 2 - 4 Riverview Road Wurruk Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local interest 1038 recommended for protection House 61 - 71 Riverview Road Wurruk Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1042 House 2 Riverview Road Wurruk Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1037 place House 22 Ross Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local interest 962 recommended for protection Harold Parsons Memorial Sale-Maffra Road Sale No action: Historic shipwreck Recognised on Wellington Local interest 2232 Shire Monuments Register Greenwattle Race Course - Sale-Maffra Road Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local interest 1159 recommended for protection Woondella Park 1460 Sale-Maffra Road Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1182 place Showgrounds CA 92 Sale-Maffra Road Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1154 place Glebe CA 94 Sale-Maffra Road Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected Regional 1184 in Planning Scheme significance Sale Cemetery CA 98, Sale-Maffra Road Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected State significance 1149

129 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID 99, 200 in Planning Scheme Myrtledowns Lot 1 LP Sale-Maffra Road Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1208 85001 place Kilmany Park Settlement Road Wurruk No Action: Already included Assessed & protected State significance 762 in Planning Scheme Quercus robur (Kilmany Park) Settlement Road Wurruk Planning Scheme: Individual Suitable for immediate 1468 place Planning Scheme protection Swing Bridge and precinct South Gippsland Highway Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected National 1173 in Planning Scheme significance Robinson Park - South Gippsland Highway Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1161 place Sale Canal - South Gippsland Highway Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study State significance 1174 place Latrobe Wharf site - South Gippsland Highway Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1175 place Rifle Range - South Gippsland Highway Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1203 required Khojak CA 27 A South Gippsland Highway Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1204 Spencers Bridge Spencers Road Sale High Local significance 2344 Brennan Park - Stawell Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local interest 1164 recommended for protection House 38 Stawell Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1024 place House (duplex) 40 - 42 Stawell Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1025 place House 44 Stawell Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1026 place

130 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

Averleigh 46 Stawell Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1023 House 77 Stawell Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1022 place Poplars 8 Stawell Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1067 Contributory to precinct (Local) House 127 Stawell Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1266 place House 151 Stawell Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1066 place Tyrone Villa 154 Stawell Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1065 place House 162 - 164 Stawell Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1064 place House 163 Stawell Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1063 place Tasma 166 Stawell Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1062 place House 75 Stawell Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1021 House 2 Stead Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1217 place The Netherlands Rural Area Stephenson Steet Sale Planning Scheme: Precinct Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 886 House Stephenson Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1220 required Cottage - Stephenson Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local interest 1252 recommended for protection Fence - Stephenson Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local interest 1205 recommended for protection

131 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

House 102 - 108 Stephenson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1223 place House 131 - 145 Stephenson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1206 place House 33 Stephenson Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1227 Powder Magazine (Sale) 37 Stephenson Street Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected Regional 1183 in Planning Scheme significance House 47 Stephenson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1221 place Cottage 61 Stephenson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1250 place House 69 Stephenson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1251 Contributory to precinct (Local) Cottage 88 Stephenson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1249 Contributory to precinct (Local) House 97 Stephenson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 1222 Contributory to precinct (Local) House 46 Thomson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1254 place House 61 Thomson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 924 place House 62 Thomson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 923 place House 67 Thomson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 925 place The Pines 68 Thomson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 926 place

132 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID

House 71 Thomson Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 929 House 73 Thomson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 930 place Abilene 74 Thomson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Contributory 927 Contributory to precinct (Local) Cottage 88 Thomson Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 922 Teray 122 Thomson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 920 place Cottages (pair) 76 Thomson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 928 place House 79 Thomson Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 931 place House 71 Topping Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local interest 963 recommended for protection Victoria Hotel Town Lot Part CA 3/9 Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected 807 in Planning Scheme Turnbull Street Houses - Turnbull Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Not Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local interest 1110 recommended for protection Post Box - York Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1263 place House 48 York Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1242 place House 67 York Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1269 House 8 York Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1245 place Post Box ?? York Street Sale High Not seen in Stage 1 fieldwork 878 Mechanics' Institute (Former) - 125 York Street Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected Regional 1169

133 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY: STAGE 1

Place name No. Street Locality Stage 2 priority Stage 1 Ranking Final Ranking ID Sale College in Planning Scheme significance Macalister Secondary College - 125 - 141 York Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1170 Sale College place Girl's High School (former) 143-151 York Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1179 place Gippsland Hotel 153 York Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1146 place Central Corner (fmr) 170 - 172 York Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Demolished Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Demolished 1033 Sale Milk Supply 178 York Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1034 place Shop (York Street, Sale) 184 York Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1035 place Fire Station 203 York Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 998 place Baptist Church 209 - 213 York Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 997 place Gentofte 226 - 230 York Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 999 place House 304 York Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1244 place Notre Dame de Sion 341 York Street Sale No Action: Already included Assessed & protected State significance 1180 in Planning Scheme House 57 York Street Sale Planning Scheme: Individual Assessed: Sale Heritage Study Local significance 1268 place House (St Anne's and Gippsland 65 York Street Sale Reviewed 2004: Research Local significance 883 Grammar School) required

134

Wellington Shire

Heritage Study:

Stage 1

Volume 2: Environmental History May, 2005

Prepared for Wellington Shire

Chris Johnston - Context Pty Ltd

Kirsty Lewis - Context Pty Ltd

Meredith Fletcher - Centre for Gippsland Studies Linda Kennett - Centre for Gippsland Studies Principal authors of this volume: Meredith Fletcher, Linda Kennett

Context Pty Ltd 22 Merri Street, Brunswick 3056 Phone 03 9380 6933 Fascimile 03 9380 4066

Email [email protected]

ii Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies

CONTENTS

1. EXPLORATION 1 1.1 Discovery of Coastline 1 1.2 Pioneer Explorers 1 1.3 Pastoral Occupation 2 1.4 Botanical Exploration 2 1.5 Surveying 3 2. SETTLING THE LAND 4 2.1 Phases of Land Settlement 4 Squatting and Displacement of Aborigines 4 Selection 5 Village Settlements 7 Closer Settlement 7 Soldier Settlement 8 New Settlers 9 2.2 Immigration 9 3. DEVELOPING PRIMARY PRODUCTION 11 3.1 Grazing 11 3.2 Dairying 12 3.3 Crops 13 Sugar Beet 13 Other Crops 14 4. EXPLOITING NATURAL RESOURCES 15 4.1 Gold Mining 15 Crooked River, Grant 15 Freestone Creek 16 Dargo 17 Gold Field Tracks 17 4.2 Brown Coal Mining 18 4.3 Quarrying 18 Lime 18 4.4 Oil and Gas 19 4.5 Timber 20 Wattle Bark 23 4.6 Fishing 23 5. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS 24 5.1 Shipping 24 Coastal Shipping 24 Lakes Shipping 25

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies iii

5.2 Roads 26 5.3 Bridges 28 5.4 Railways 29 5.5 Air Services 30 5.6 Communications 30 Omega Base 31 6. THE ENVIRONMENT AND MANAGING PUBLIC LAND 32 6.1 National Parks and Reserves 32 6.2 Changes to Lakes and Rivers 33 6.3 Fires and Floods 34 Fires 34 Floods 34 6.4 Introduced Species 35 7. BUILDING SETTLEMENTS AND TOWNS 36 7.1 Ports 36 7.2 Service Centres 36 7.3 Small Farming Centres 36 7.4 Tourist Towns 36 7.5 Gold Towns 37 7.6 Timber Towns 37 8. GOVERNING AND ADMINISTERING 38 8.1 Development of Local Government 38 Shire of Alberton 38 Shire of Rosedale 38 Shire of Avon 38 Shire of Maffra 39 City of Sale 39 Wellington Shire 39 8.2 Aboriginal Administration and Ramahyuck Mission Station 39 8.3 Public Buildings and Public Works 40 8.4 Education 41 8.5 Mechanics Institutes 42 8.6 Health and Medical Services 43 8.7 War and Defence 44 9. DEVELOPING CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS AND WAY OF LIFE 45 9.1 Religion 45 9.2 Memorials 45 9.3 Cemeteries 46 9.4 Forming Associations, Recreation 46 9.5 Writers and Artists 47 ENDNOTES 49

iv Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY

1. EXPLORATION

1.1 Discovery of Coastline It was on New Year’s Day, 1798, that George Bass made the first recorded European observation of the coastal area of Wellington Shire as he explored the south eastern coastline of Australia and proved the existence of a strait between the mainland and Van Diemens Land. Sailing in his small whaleboat, Bass was unimpressed by what he saw of the coast, describing the ‘Long Beach’, now the Ninety Mile Beach, as ‘nothing but a low beach’.1 This lukewarm description did not encourage further investigation and although there is evidence that sealers worked in Corner Inlet, the area remained unknown until the late 1830s.2

1.2 Pioneer Explorers By 1835 several squatting runs had been established on the Omeo Plains, to the north-east of Wellington Shire. Severe drought in the Monaro district in 1838 and 1839 prompted Lachlan Macalister to seek new pasture for his cattle. Angus McMillan, his employee and countryman, ventured south with an Aborigine as guide, reaching the vicinity of present day Buchan. On a second expedition, he selected a suitable place for a station at Numbla Munjie, now Ensay. A further expedition pushed south to Lake Wellington, crossed the Avon River upstream, reached the Macalister River and followed it to the junction with the Latrobe River. McMillan named the country Caledonia Australis, also naming the rivers and Mount Wellington. Dwindling supplies forced a return to Numbla Munjie. A track was soon cut and another station established for Macalister on the Avon River on country McMillan described as ‘beautiful, rich, open plains’.3 Also in 1840, another explorer entered this unmapped country. Polish explorer Paul Strzelecki and his party followed a similar route to McMillan but after crossing the Glengarry or Latrobe River, headed for Western Port. His report of the journey described the country in glowing terms. Strzelecki also named the natural features, recording them on a map.4 Although few of his names were retained, his name for the region, Gipps Land after the Governor, was adopted. Meanwhile, McMillan continued to search for a route to the coast, as a port was now vital for shipping stock to market. He finally reached the coast at Port Albert on 14 February 1841. Soon after, a group of squatters had arrived at Port Albert to investigate the possibility of settlement. On its route between Sydney and Melbourne, the Clonmel had been wrecked near the entrance to Corner Inlet on 2 January 1841. Some of the crew and passengers explored the adjacent coast and their account of the area, along with Strzelecki’s report, stimulated the formation of the Gipps Land Company. This group of pastoralists immediately chartered the Singapore and sailed to Corner Inlet, eventually finding a channel and suitable landing place. They explored the nearby hinterland, finding the country favourable, well grassed and timbered.5 Both McMillan and Strzelecki claimed to be the founders of Gippsland. McMillan had come in search of land and had initially kept quiet about his exploits, aware of the competing interests of other squatters. Strzelecki, who had come as an explorer, quickly published accounts of his discoveries. The men disputed each other’s claims.6 Happily, the Victorian Historical Memorials Committee, anxious to infuse a sense of history into the landscape through the erection of historic memorials, honoured equally the contribution of both men to the settlement of Gippsland.7 Twenty four memorials were erected along the explorers’ routes stretching from Omeo to Corinella. Victorian governor Lord Somers unveiled the cairns over a week in April 1927. Within the shire, McMillan’s route is commemorated by cairns located in York Street in Sale, near the Stratford bridge, near McMillan’s old homestead at Bushy Park, at Bundalaguah, Rosedale, Yarram and Port Albert. In 1926, a reserve was cleared at Tom’s Cap, the prominence from which McMillan first saw Corner Inlet, and a memorial was also erected there. One of the memorials to Strzelecki is situated at Heyfield.8

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 1 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY 1.3 Pastoral Occupation After this initial exploration, the occupation of the central grassy plains was rapid, as was the high country on the headwaters of the Macalister River. By 1844, forty stations were established in Gippsland.9 The following year, surveyor T.S. Townsend mapped the runs, showing squatters established along the Avon River, around Lake Wellington, along the Latrobe River, around Port Albert, and along the road from the port to the hinterland. All Gippsland runs were described in the Port Phillip Government Gazette of 23 August 1848 and of the 64 runs listed nearly two thirds were located within the present Shire of Wellington. A map of squatting runs in 1857 shows almost complete occupation of the Shire, apart from the mountainous areas in the north and the Strzelecki Ranges.10 As the runs were occupied, Scottish and imperial names began to overlay existing Aboriginal names. The names squatters gave to their runs, such as Boisdale, Clydebank, Glenfalloch, were redolent of another landscape. The River Tarra was an exception and was named after Charlie Tarra, the Aborigine who accompanied Strzelecki and returned with the squatters on the Singapore.

1.4 Botanical Exploration Little indigenous vegetation remains on the central plains of Wellington Shire. Historical accounts, early drawings and early maps provide some information about these grasslands and woodlands.11 Botanical specimens were collected by the Government Botanist Ferdinand Mueller during an expedition through the area in 1853. A.W. Howitt collected further specimens for Mueller during his appointment as police magistrate in Gippsland. Howitt lived at Sale from 1879 and also published a study of the eucalypts of Gippsland in 1891. Returning to Gippsland in 1854, Mueller ascended Mount Wellington and collected about forty plant species, eight of which were new.12 Knowledge of the flora of the area was also extended by local naturalists and beekeepers among them Tarlton Rayment and Bill Cane. Tarlton Rayment’s apiary was based at Briagolong from 1913 until 1922. He published many books on bees, beekeeping and flora and is credited with saving the Bow-worrung forest reserve when there was pressure to open it for selection about 1916.13 This red gum forest reserve is now of state botanical significance. Beekeeper Bill Cane established a nursery at Maffra from 1947. During his expeditions, he discovered many undescribed plants and located others where they had not been known to exist. A new specimen he found on Mount Tamboritha was named Banksia canei, the mountain banksia.14

Howitt collected botanical specimens and studied the eucalypts of Gippsland (Carlyong Collection, Centre for Gippsland Studies)

2 Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY

1.5 Surveying In the early days of settlement in Wellington Shire, a port on the coast was necessary for communication with the outside world. When surveyor T.S. Townsend was sent to the new settlement in 1841, mapping Corner Inlet was his first priority.15 Ships soon began to use the port and Captains Mickleburgh and Foxton also prepared charts of the shallow inlet. Captain Thompson marked out a channel with stakes while later surveys by Townsend and Commander John L. Stokes marked the channels and sand banks.16 Townsend also produced a map of the hinterland, showing the location of pastoral runs, rivers and some vegetation, as well as marking the road to the Monaro and the coastal track to Port Phillip.17 In 1847, C.J. Tyers surveyed a track, north of the Latrobe River, which was beginning to be used for travel overland to Melbourne.18 Gradually other tracks were marked, for example Whitelaw surveyed pack horse tracks from Rosedale to Yarram and from Yarram to Alberton. During the 1850s and 1860s, the boundaries of the pastoral runs were mapped. These surveys described the terrain, the soil and the vegetation as well as early manmade features such as roads, huts, bridges, sheepwashes and fenced paddocks. Buntine’s pre-emptive block at Bruthen Creek was surveyed by Dawson in 1853, showing the location of the road, paddocks, buildings and Buntine’s public house.19 Dawson surveyed many runs, as well as rivers, townships and roads. The river surveys also provide information on vegetation, landscape and the progress of settlement. Dawson surveyed the Latrobe River near Rosedale in 1849 and part of the Tarra and Albert Rivers in 1850. These maps show boundaries, blazed trees, roads, bridges, waterholes and location of settlers, as well as a public house, huts, sawpits, a sheepwash and a tannery.20 As settlement increased, townships and more roads were surveyed. George Hastings worked in Gippsland from the 1850s, surveying Maffra township in 1864, as well as runs, other townships and a number of roads. Parts of many townships were surveyed by William Turton, including Alberton and Victoria, Rosedale, Tarraville, Sale, Giffard, Stratford and Woodside. E.L. Bruce surveyed a number of roads, such as the route from Stratford to Grant in 1872 and the Sale to Port Albert road in 1882, as well as townships including Carrajung in 1887 and Woodside and Alberton in 1890. The early township plans and sale plans are similarly informative, showing tracks, runs, location of settlers, buildings, vegetation and terrain. Contour maps of the state were compiled by the Survey section of the Royal Australian Engineers, as part of defence planning. The Second World War made this work a high priority and most of the area encompassed by Wellington Shire was mapped between the mid 1930s and the early 1940s.

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 3 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY 2. SETTLING THE LAND

2.1 Phases of Land Settlement

Squatting and Displacement of Aborigines The squatters came in search of suitable grazing land and a port that would connect them with markets. They came to establish runs of vast acreages over which they had no security of tenure and for which they paid an annual license fee of 10 pounds. The open grassland of the red gum plains, well watered by rivers that drained into the Gippsland Lakes, seemed ideal grazing land. Retreating from drought-affected New South Wales, the squatters considered the land an open canvas for their grazing activities. But they were invading Ganai country, ‘country’ meaning land where Aboriginal people belonged, to which they had a responsibility and from which they drew spiritual strength.21 For centuries the Ganai had been hunters and gatherers on land which provided them with an abundance of food. They also managed the land by burning in summer to encourage new grass for the animals they hunted. These burning practices helped to create the very landscape that the invaders were seeking. The young squatter William Brodribb observed in 1841 that ‘the natives had burnt all the grass in Gippsland late in summer’. By autumn, he continued, ‘the whole country was very green. It had the appearance of young cornfields, the grass was about six inches high and in places very thick’.22 The violence of the invasion was described by a young squatter Henry Meyrick in the letters he sent to his family in England in 1846. From his isolated run north of Glenmaggie, Meyrick wrote of how Aborigines were constantly hunted down. Men, women and children are shot whenever they can be met with. Some excuse might be found for shooting the men by those who are daily getting their cattle speared, but what they can urge in their excuse who shoot the women and children I cannot conceive. I have protested against it on every station I have been in Gippsland in the strongest language but these things are kept very secret as the penalty would certainly be hanging.23 Meyrick admitted he would shoot any Aborigine he found in the act of spearing his sheep but ‘no consideration on earth would induce me to ride into camp and fire on them indiscriminately, as is the custom wherever smoke is seen’.24 Despite the veil of secrecy that Meyrick alluded to, violent confrontations between Europeans and Aborigines were recorded. Writing about the massacre at Warrigal Creek near Port Albert that occurred in 1843, the Assistant Protector for Aborigines, William Thomas, noted ‘the Awful Sacrifice of life after the Murder of Mr Macalister was awfully reckless and merciless’.25 Warrigal Creek emerges as a site of historic significance that documents the reality of European/Aboriginal relations on the squatting frontier. According to Gippslander’s account published in 1925, the settlers were so enraged by Macalister’s death that they formed a ‘Highland Brigade’ and attacked the Aborigines around the waterhole at Warrigal Creek until ‘the water was red with blood’. This account estimates that up to 150 people were killed.26 During the pastoral occupation, the Ganai population decreased dramatically. The success of the squatters’ enterprise on the central Gippsland plains depended on having a reliable market for their stock. Port Albert was the nearest mainland port to Hobart, and by 1842, a regular shipping route had been established between Port Albert and Van Diemens Land. Live sheep and cattle were shipped across the strait to fulfill government contracts for provisions. Cattle were also shipped across the Tasman to New Zealand, and wool was shipped to Sydney. By the end of the 1850s, the buildings at Port Albert reflected its vital commercial and administrative importance as the port of entry to Gippsland. There are many sites that exist from this early colonial period in Gippsland and they contribute to a significant colonial landscape. Among them are the former Derwent Hotel, Turnbull, Orr and Company bond store and the former immigration barracks.

4 Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY

Once the squatters gained security of tenure over their land and were able to purchase sections through their pre-emptive rights, more permanent structures were built on their properties. Instead of bark huts, brick houses began to appear. This transition is illustrated on the former Fulham run. On one side of the Myrtlebank Road is a brick two storey home built in Colonial Georgian style by Captain Jones who took over the Fulham run on the Thomson River in 1853 and purchased the pre-emptive right three years later. On the other side of the road is a plaque marking the graves of Catherine Desailly and Henry Meyrick, who were buried in 1847 in what is now a lucerne paddock. These two sites, homestead and plaque, record much of the experience of squatting in the first two decades of settlement. In 1846, newly-married Catherine Desailly joined her husband at the Fulham run, which, according to a surveyor’s plan, consisted of a collection of huts. The following year, in 1847, Henry Meyrick, who was staying with the Desaillys, drowned while trying to cross the flooded Thomson to get medical help for Catherine, who died soon after in childbirth.27 The nearest doctor was resident at Tarraville, near Port Albert. Their experiences reflect the difficulties and isolation of the squatting era. But less than 10 years later, after gaining freehold to a section of the run, Captain Jones built a house that reflected the aspirations of squatters as substantial landowners, greatly removed from the Desaillys’ collection of huts. With greater security over the land, squatters started building substantial homes. Still surviving are The Heart homestead, the comfortable home that Elizabeth Montgomery lovingly describes in her memoirs, and a wing of the U shaped homestead built at Mewburn Park near Maffra in the late 1840s. When he purchased his pre-emptive right at Strathfieldsaye in 1854, William Raymond built a homestead overlooking Lake Wellington. Extended in the 1870s, the house, garden and collection of outbuildings document a pastoral property that evolved from the squatting run.28 Similarly, Reedy Creek near Woodside - a group of early slab and bark buildings, homestead, school house, and family graveyard - also retains buildings from the squatting era and documents the life of the O’Rourke family.29 At Hawthorn Bank, near Port Albert, the earliest building is constructed of wattle and daub and dates from the 1850s.30 Descendants of the early squatters on the red gum plains who had managed to consolidate their runs into substantial holdings, built grand, architect designed homes fifty years later. Among them was Boisdale House, built by the Foster family in 1892. Its garden retains many elements of a late nineteenth century homestead. William Pearson’s mansion Kilmany Park was completed in 1906, and the Crookes’ towered Holey Plain near Rosedale, was built in stages from the 1890s. Both of these incorporated earlier houses built on the site.

Selection Twenty years after the squatters began grazing sheep and cattle in the shire, the first of a series of selection acts was passed that would have a tremendous impact on land use in the shire, and of shaping the cultural landscape. Superimposed on the squatting runs were new maps dividing the land into counties and parishes and then subdividing the parishes into farm allotments that were open for selection. This legislation was intended to loosen the squatters’ domination over vast tracts of land, and to promote land settlement and more intensive use of the land by encouraging cultivation rather than grazing. The selection acts contained residency clauses and schedules of improvements. The earliest acts led to selection of the land around the settled districts of the shire such as Port Albert, Sale and Maffra, as the ‘New Map of Gippsland’ compiled by John Lidgate Ross in 1864 shows.31 As further acts were passed, including legislation which opened the whole of the state for selection, selectors occupied blocks to the north of the shire including river flats along isolated valleys. Selectors could also occupy areas close to where gold had been discovered, leading to settlement at Cowwarr, Briagolong and Crooked River. But some control over selection was exerted by the Gippsland Mining Board, who feared agricultural development would restrict mining activities. During the 1880s, the wave of selection within the shire continued as selectors moved into the steepest and most isolated parts of the mountain ash forest in the eastern Strzelecki Ranges. In the early years of the twentieth century, areas north of Licola in the mountainous upper Macalister Valley were opened for selection.

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 5 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY Experiences of selectors and their success at turning allotments on maps into viable farms differed greatly throughout the shire and often depended on the size of the selection and the terrain. Early selector Donald Manson who took up his allotment of rich river flat country at Upper Maffra (now Newry) under the 1861 Nicholson Act, successfully acquired other properties to extend his holdings. The home he built at Summerlea on Newry’s outskirts reflects his success as a selector, and the role he played in the community. The buildings associated with his community activities such as the mechanics institute, the cheese factory and St Andrews Church still stand in Newry.32 The activities of the Osborn family of Tinamba show how selectors worked the unimproved pastoral runs into productive farms. The Osborns arrived in Tinamba in 1862 to occupy their selection on what had been the Mewburn Park run. Twenty years later they had 250 acres sown with rye, cowgrass and oats, and 200 cows including 30 milkers on the property. The milk was sent to the Maffra Cheese Factory. The Osborn brothers had carried out extensive drainage to overcome flooding, had planted boxthorn hedges as ‘live’ fences, extended their original two roomed cottage and had built a ‘commodious barn’.33 Once the initial years of establishment were over, they and other selectors on the fertile river flats were creating a new landscape, building comfortable houses surrounded by gardens, substantial farm buildings including barns and stables and all enclosed by miles of fencing that defined their properties. Many of the buildings survive today. More intensive use of the land included replacing native grasses with crops and draining areas of morass.

Clearing the land on Miles’ farm in Tarra Valley (Centre for Gippsland Studies) The experiences of selector Louis Wuillermin also shows how selectors experimented with a variety of crops as explored the land’s agricultural potential. Swiss-born Wuillermin, who had taught languages at Melbourne University, selected land at Briagolong near the Freestone Creek in 1869. He planted tobacco, grew hops and established a winery. His home, The Delta, can be seen close to the Delta Bridge.34 For selectors coming to carve a farm in the steep mountain ash forests of the Strzelecki Ranges, it was another matter. Unlike the rich river flats on the red gum plains, their allotments were heavily forested with giant mountain ash and understoreys of blackwoods, myrtle beech, sassafras and tree fern, all of which had to be cleared. The arduous process of felling and ringbarking trees and clearing land for a homestead and grass paddocks began. Selectors relied on having a good burn during summer and then sowing grass seed in the thick ash. Photographs such as that of the Miles’ farm in Tarra Valley reveal the extent of the mammoth task.35 Similar to the Miles’ selection, small clearings appeared in the dense forest. Slab huts

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made of timber split on the property stand close to laboriously cleared paddocks where small herds of cows graze among the stumps and isolated tree ferns. The ground is littered with fallen trunks and branches. With so many selectors moving into the forests, there was an immediate need for roads, bridges and schools. There was optimism about the area’s potential to create fertile farms, and townships were surveyed. Surveyor E.L. Bruce laid out a town at Carrajung in 1887.36 But viable farms did not eventuate. The magnificent forest was destroyed, weeds and rabbits proliferated and erosion scarred the hillsides. In the Bulga area (now Balook), the average occupancy of blocks was nine years.37 By the 1920s, many farms had been abandoned and the area became known as the ‘Heartbreak Hills’. The Forests Commission began buying land, as did APM Forests Pty Ltd, and during the 1950s began a re-afforestation program throughout the Eastern Strzeleckis, planting pines and mountain ash. Now plantations cover the traces of many of the abandoned farms, while halls and schools have been burnt in bushfires that have raced through the ranges, obliterating much evidence of settlement. Huge mountain ash stumps with springboard notches - such as those on the Duff Sawmill Heritage Trail at Balook - are evidence of the extensive clearing activities and the skill of the axemen. A remnant of the magnificent forest can be seen in the Tarra Bulga Park, first reserved in 1903. In the alpine regions of the shire, a combination of leaseholds and selection co-existed. Despite the policy to open the state to selection, the mountains and high plains of Victoria’s alpine areas, parts of which had been grazed as squatting runs, were not made available for selection as this eventually led to freehold. As a result, only small pockets in the shire’s alpine area – among them the Wonnangatta Homestead area and Higgins on Bennison Plains – were alienated.38 Instead, a different form of grazing emerged. Grazing licences were issued and selectors in lower regions worked the licences with their home properties by grazing cattle on the summer pastures of the high plains. The Guy family, with freehold land at Crooked River and Wonnangatta Station, had grazing leases extending up to 100,000 acres.39 Because the licenses were short term, only basic improvements were undertaken on the high country and these include the evocative mountain cattlemen’s huts, nestled among the snow gums.

Village Settlements As a response to the 1890s depression, and influenced by the ideas of Christian Socialist Reverend Horace Tucker, the Victorian government introduced the village settlement scheme, where unemployed workers could settle on very small allotments and supplement their farming enterprise with other seasonal work. Under the Settlement on Lands Act in 1893, Crown land was made available for this scheme. In Wellington Shire, village settlements were established at Sale and Rosedale. The settlements were intended for unemployed people from Melbourne but generally local people suffering from the effects of the depression became the main beneficiaries. Both settlements were established on land that had previously been town commons. In Sale, the land flooded regularly. 430 acres of the drier part of the Sale Common were subdivided into 103 blocks, and some settlers were also allotted a second block on higher land on the former Government Paddock. In Rosedale, 1200 acres of unalienated land near the town were made available for village settlement but very little of this was successfully cultivated. In Sale at the turn of the century, one third of the area was under cultivation. Today, cottages remain from both village settlements.40

Closer Settlement Despite the mixed success of selection throughout the state, the Victorian government persisted with a policy of promoting intensive land use and introduced closer settlement legislation in 1898 to achieve these aims. Under this scheme, large pastoral estates were purchased by the Closer Settlement Board and subdivided into small allotments to be farmed intensively by settlers of modest means. To keep the farms small, a maximum value for all allotments was set at 2,500 pounds and settlers could only occupy one block. Closer settlement has had a major impact on part of Wellington Shire, contributing to forming a landscape that is now a highly

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 7 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY productive irrigated dairying landscape. It also incorporated soldier settlement and a scheme for placing British settlers on farms. In Wellington Shire, however, the closer settlement process began as a private development that was then overlaid by a government scheme. On the rich Avon River flats at Boisdale, the Foster family had managed to accumulate much of their original Boisdale squatting run as freehold land by amalgamating the pre-emptive right purchase from three of their runs and by dummying.41 In the 1890s they promoted the policy of making more intensive use of their land by converting their enterprise from grazing to dairying. They subdivided a large section of their estate into 35 farms. Each of the farms had a house (those built before 1901 were weatherboard but later houses were built in brick after a kiln was established on the property), stables, milking shed and silos. Sale architect George Cain was engaged to help with the development.42 In 1900, Foster Brothers built a butter and cheese factory on their property and then houses to accommodate the factory workers, creating the town of Boisdale, in essence an estate village. The town was owned by the Foster family, and the river flats had been subdivided into dairy farms operated on a share-farming basis. The owners had built a large home designed by architect Guyon Purchas on the ridge overlooking their enterprise. In 1911, the Closer Settlement Board purchased 2,500 acres of the Foster’s estate for a more intensive subdivision and carved the land into 57 allotments averaging around 40 acres. Besides promoting intensive land use, the CSB had another motive - to assist the ailing sugar beet industry by compelling the new closer settlers to grow 10 acres of sugar beet on their allotments. There was a further transformation of the landscape: four roomed cottages were built, paddocks were prepared for cultivation and fences defined the new farms. The scheme was ill-conceived with the allotments being too small and the rainfall inadequate for beet growing. The solution was to build an irrigation scheme based on a weir at Glenmaggie on the Macalister River and irrigate extensive areas of the river flats around Maffra and Sale. Completed in the 1920s, the irrigation scheme also spawned other closer settlement schemes including settling British migrants who came to Australia under the Empire Agreement Act to settle on impossibly small farms in the Cobains area near Sale and on estates at Myrtlebank and Bundalaguah. Other closer settlement estates within the shire included The Heart and Kilmany Park, both excised from former squatting runs near Sale. The process of closer settlement has formed a significant cultural landscape at Boisdale. Many of the farm houses and stables of the Foster subdivision dating from the late 1890s have survived, as have some of the closer settlement cottages. The cottages on Malcolm’s Road, most of them extended into bigger houses, document the early twentieth century belief that small allotments could make viable farms. The factory workers’ cottages in the village of Boisdale continue to line the street, and the hall built by the Foster family in 1904 is still a prominent landmark and community hub. The Main Channel, an artery of the irrigation system taking water from the Glenmaggie Weir to the irrigation outpost of Clydebank, is suspended behind the farms on Boisdale’s western boundary.

Soldier Settlement In 1915, a Royal Commission into Closer Settlement revealed the scheme’s many failings. A year later, the policy of rewarding returned soldiers with farms was widely endorsed as a repatriation policy and legislation was passed to buy estates and subdivide them into small allotments for returned soldiers to farm. Despite the failure of closer settlement, the policy was re-invigorated in its guise as soldier settlement. Pressure was on to buy hundreds of thousands of acres throughout Victoria to settle up to 16,000 returned soldiers who qualified as soldier settlers. Land for soldier settlement estates was purchased in areas throughout the shire, including Kilmany Park, Llowalong on the Avon, Mewburn Park, Airly, Seaspray, Woodside, Devon, Giffard, Gormandale, Carrajung and Balloong.43 The Kilmany Park soldier settlement estate provides an example of soldier settlement experiences within the shire. The Kilmany Park closer settlement estate, first subdivided in

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1911, was such a spectacular failure that it was singled out in the Royal Commission on the Working of the Closer Settlement Acts, Progress Reports 1915 (pp 23 – 25). However, the same mistakes were repeated for the soldier settlers in 1921. The overpriced land was divided into 36 allotments, and many of the soldier settlers found they had swapped the trenches for morass as they tried to farm land along the Latrobe River that was constantly flooding. The soldiers battled falling dairy prices as the European dairy industry recovered after the war, the effects of the depression as prices for primary produce plummeted, trying to subsist on their small flooding blocks that could not support a family. The vision of an estate of productive dairy farms averaging 110 acres at Kilmany could not be realised. Throughout Victoria, extreme measures were taken to arrest the debt load of soldier settlers and lessen their despair. Land was revalued and the debts were written off. After surveying Kilmany Park in 1937, only 9 settlers were judged to have ‘living areas’, and this was after their original holdings had been doubled in size.44 Today, Kilmany retains much evidence of the attempts to subdivide the former squatting run into closer and soldier settlement estates. It has a complex network of narrow roads, mostly named after settlers. There are houses and farm buildings dating from the closer and soldier settlement subdivisions, and evidence of the two former school sites where the settlers’ children were educated. Much of this has been overlaid by recent subdivisions for hobby farms, due to the area’s proximity to Sale. The Second World War soldier settlement scheme on Nambrok Denison was much more successful. After the war, the Glenmaggie Weir was increased in capacity to irrigate this area on the Thomson River plains and convert grazing land to dairying for returned soldiers. Altogether, 16,000 acres were purchased for the estate and by 1957, 138 returned servicemen had settled on their new farms, and were milking herds of 35 to 40 cows.45 Schools were opened to educate their young families. The land had been graded for irrigation and each settler was provided with a house, dairy, machinery shed and garage. The distinctive 1950s soldier settlement houses still line the roads at regular intervals on Nambrok Denison. Problems were soon experienced with drainage as the water table rose and salinity levels increased. This has been an on-going problem in the area. Another post Second World War soldier settlement estate within Wellington Shire was the Evergreen estate south of Rosedale. Four returned servicemen settled on a property purchased from the Ayres estate.46

New Settlers In the mid 1970s, another wave of settlement made an impact on the shire’s landscape. People dubbed as ‘alternative lifestylers’ or even ‘feral people’, disillusioned with city life and with a strong commitment to energy conservation, self-sufficiency and ecologically sustainable development came to settle in areas within Wellington Shire. Attracted to bush and hill settings, they moved into areas such as the hill country north of Yarram and Briagolong to build their own homes. For Pat and Mick Waters and Anton and Wylva Tease, the land they bought up the Freestone Creek consisting of river flat and timbered hillside seemed to fit their ideal. There was evidence of former occupation. The land was close to the Gladstone Creek where gold had been found, and there were miners’ hut sites on their land. They were also surrounded by secondary growth and cleared flats where people had tried to farm along the Freestone north of Blue Pools. The new settlers set about overlaying their lifestyle on the land, building mud brick houses and planting olive trees.47 Vibrant communities of new settlers developed during the 1970s and 1980s in the shire, and their innovative mud, stone and wooden houses are dotted around the shire.

2.2 Immigration An enduring theme in the shire, as indeed in the rest of the country, has been the process of attracting migrants to the area. In the early colonial period, Gippsland suffered an acute labour shortage, especially after gold was discovered at Ballarat and Bendigo. Influential residents of

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 9 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY Gippsland were keen to encourage British migrants to come directly to Port Albert where prospective employers were anxious to employ them. In 1856, the Victoria arrived at Port Albert with 35 single female migrants and 16 couples, all of whom had sailed from England on the Medway as assisted passengers.48 Their accommodation at the Port was so inadequate that an immigration barracks was built in 1857. The brick and slate-roofed building still stands, and is an important reminder of Port Albert’s role as the port of entry to Gippsland, and of the experiences of migrants. There were some Chinese in the shire, many of whom first came to Gippsland as gold miners. Some later worked as packers and others cultivated market gardens around the larger towns, such as Sale and Maffra. Australia’s involvement in the Empire Agreement Act, a scheme that induced middle class British settlers with capital to migrate to Australia in the 1920s and settle on small farms, had an impact on Wellington Shire. In the mid 1920s, 33 British settlers arrived on estates at Bundalaguah and Cobains to farm allotments that would be irrigated by the Glenmaggie irrigation scheme. For most, their dreams of becoming yeomen farmers collapsed. Promised viable farms that would provide a ‘good living’, they were soon victims of the ill-conceived government closer settlement policies. Their experiences parallelled the soldier settlers and closer settlers as they struggled on impossibly small allotments.49 Those who left received compensation. In areas of Myrtlebank, Bundalaguah and Cobains, houses that were built for the British settlers in the 1920s can still be seen. During the era of massive government assisted migration to Australia after the Second World War, migrants were accommodated at the West Sale Holding Centre, which had been converted from the wartime West Sale RAAF Base. Migrant families from many countries in Europe lived there, with husbands working in local factories or on public works. Some worked on the railways while some left during the week to work for the SEC in the Latrobe Valley. Others lived away from their families in camps at Heyfield where they worked for the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission or for the saw mills. A water tower still survives from the migrant camp.50 Some migrants brought to the shire distinctive ways of building and living. After the Moravian missionary, Reverend Hagenauer, established the Ramahyuck mission station on the banks of the Avon near Perry Bridge in the 1860s, other German migrants came to farm in the district. Hartwich’s Hut, built by German selectors on part of the Strathfieldsaye run, has horizontal sapling and pug lining that is similar to other German settlements in the Wimmera.51 A century later, houses were being built for American oil and gas executives in Sale on recently subdivided paddocks east of Guthridge Parade. They were large homes with second bathrooms, spacious open living areas, dishwashers and waste disposal units, all features which were considered standard for American executives in the 1960s but which contrasted greatly with existing Sale homes.52

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3. DEVELOPING PRIMARY PRODUCTION

3.1 Grazing The earliest settlers came in search of pasture for their sheep and cattle and for a port that could connect them to markets. Within three weeks of reading Strzelecki’s account of the new region, William Raymond was en route to Gippsland with 8,000 sheep and established runs at Stratford and Strathfieldsaye. By 1844 there were 15,000 cattle in the new province, and in 1845, there were 78,399 sheep. When the Waterwitch sailed from Port Albert to Hobart in 1842, she was pioneering an important export for Gippsland squatters, shipping live cattle across Bass Strait. Sheep were also shipped to Van Diemens Land, and a live cattle trade was also established with New Zealand. Wool was another important export from Port Albert. Shipping cattle from the port ended in 1866, and cattle were overlanded to Melbourne. During the squatting period, squatters had to contend with diseases in their stock such as pleuro-pneumonia in cattle and footrot and scab in sheep as well as attacks by dingoes. They were also faced with fluctuating markets, and began to export tallow, skins and hides from the province. With selection, primary production was diversified, but the estates that evolved from squatting runs and other properties continued to graze cattle and sheep, with attention paid to increasing the quality of the breeding stock. In 1882, Mewburn Park, which at that time consisted of 15,000 acres, was stocked with 3,000 cattle as well as sheep, horses and pigs.53 Saleyards were built in many towns in the shire. The early 1950s were golden years for sheep farmers. Myxomatosis became an effective way of controlling rabbits which had severely degraded grazing land. Top dressing with superphosphate increased stocking rates. Beef farmers also benefited from pasture improvement and expanding markets. The practice of using summer pasture in alpine areas for grazing also developed in the early days of European occupation of the region. Perhaps the first Wellington Shire mountain cattleman was squatter Malcolm Macfarlane of the Glenfalloch run, who began to use the high country for summer grazing. The Holmes of Eagelvale and Richard Bennison of Sale followed suit.54 The early occupiers of the high country began a tradition, extended after selection, of an interplay between high country leases and lower freehold properties. The huts the cattlemen built for shelter on the high plains have become important heritage sites in the shire and have also evolved as major refuges, among them Howitt’s Hut and Guys Hut on Snowy Plains. Guys Hut was built in 1940 of logs from timber felled near the site and corrugated iron that had been packed in by horses.55

Yard Built of logs at Licola (Con Gleeson Collection, Centre for Gippsland Studies)

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The yards the cattlemen built are evocative of their grazing enterprise on the high plains. The yards at Holmes Plain are an example of the various techniques used by cattlemen for yards for holding and drafting the stock they had mustered in early autumn, before bringing them down to saleyards.56 The cattlemen developed stock routes throughout the area. In the shire, towns such as Heyfield and Maffra on the plains were connected with the high country, as cattlemen drove their cattle down to the Heyfield and Maffra cattle sales.

3.2 Dairying Wellington Shire has evolved as a major dairying region in Australia. It is a complex history involving improvements in transport, technological development, land settlement policies, the influence of the cooperative movement and the introduction of an extensive irrigation scheme. Recent government policies of dairy deregulation will have an impact on this industry in the shire. During the first few decades of European settlement, dairying was mostly restricted to providing for local consumption. Lack of transport meant that dairy products could spoil in the long process of getting to markets. All the same, kegs of butter and cheeses were shipped from Port Albert to the Melbourne market in the 1840s.57 During the 1870s, cheese manufacturing became widespread. Cheese was not as perishable, it was easy to transport and could provide farmers with a fast cash return for their milk. The Maffra Sale area became a major cheese-producing region in Victoria, with private operators and companies in full swing.58 Surviving from this period is the former Miller’s cheese factory at Upper Maffra, which still has the interior bark walls that were installed for insulation.59 Cheese making was overtaken by milk manufacturing in the 1880s. A combination of improved transport – the railway opened from Melbourne to Sale in 1878 - and technological advances in dairy manufacturing such as the invention of the centrifugal cream separator, changed dairy production methods from a cottage industry to factory-based production. Cooperative creameries and then butter factories spread in areas of the shire in the 1880s. In the 1890s, there were numerous creameries and several butter factories operating in the former Alberton Shire. Settlers in the hill country began to stock their allotments with cows as soon as they had made a clearing and sowed pasture among the burnt logs. This provided them with an income as they continued the arduous task of felling trees on their blocks. The Yarram Butter Factory, its building still an important feature of Yarram’s streetscape today, was a major component of the industry in this area of the shire.60 The butter factory at Cowwarr, now converted into a gallery, was built on a site close to the railway line after an earlier factory building was demolished in 1918. Built in Queen Anne style complete with red tiled roof, this cement building still contains components of the butter factory operations. The large chimney continues to dominate. Subdivision of large estates in the Maffra Sale area also increased dairy production. The private subdivision of the Boisdale estate in the 1890s to create dairy farms, and the government closer settlement and soldier settlement schemes increased the number of dairy farms. Reflecting the increased milk production, a series of milk factories was built near the railway station in Maffra, including Nestles, the Commonwealth Milk Factory and the Maffco Factory. Of particular note is the Commonwealth Milk Factory designed by Steve Ashton and completed in 1922. Although now used for other purposes, the building retains many of its dairy factory features. Where there were several factories in Maffra, now one very large plant, Murray Goulburn, dominates and is the primary receiver of milk for an extensive area in Gippsland. Changing technology such as the introduction of milking machines, refrigerated milk vats and bulk milk transport has had a major impact on farm buildings and the layout of dairy farms in the shire. The Leathorn dairy at Upper Maffra West, built around the turn of the century, retains evidence of changes in dairying practices.61 Some rickety milk stands still survive in front of farms, documenting the backbreaking work farmers had when they hauled milk cans to the road for collection. Abandoned ‘walk through’ sheds show the way cows were milked

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before the introduction of herringbones. Large new rotary sheds also reflect changing methods of milking and increasing herd sizes.

Glenmaggie Weir was built on the Macalister River to provide water for the irrigation of the plains (Lobley Album, Centre for Gippsland Studies) The irrigation landscape formed by the network of channels snaking from the Glenmaggie Weir is also closely associated with documenting the development of dairying in this area of the shire. Built to make small Boisdale closer settlement allotments viable and rescue the sugar beet industry, it has had its greatest impact on dairying. At the north eastern end of the irrigation scheme, the bright green irrigated pasture contrasts with dryland farming that is ‘above the channel’. Stretching from Boisdale and Valencia Creek to Clydebank and Denison are paddocks of carefully graded land heavily stocked with Friesians. Dethridge wheels rhythmically turn in the channels to monitor water usage. The distinctive water bailiff houses that were built for former State Rivers and Water Supply Commission employees have now been sold to private owners. At the intersection at Kenevan’s Corner between Heyfield and Cowwarr stands a cairn on which is mounted a stylised dethridge wheel. Unveiled in 1991, it commemorates forty years of soldier settlement on irrigated land. Where the soldier settlers came to 100 acre farms to milk 40 cows, the average farm is now 160 acres (65 hectares) and the average herd is 180 cows.

3.3 Crops

Sugar Beet Standing on the outskirts of Maffra near the railway station are the remains of the Maffra sugar beet factory, the only beet sugar factory to operate in the southern hemisphere. The Maffra Sugar Company was formed by local landowners in 1896, with considerable government investment. An imposing factory was built near the railway station, and equipped with machinery imported from Germany. It opened in 1898, and commenced manufacturing sugar from sugar beet, a root crop grown in temperate climates. But the factory ran at a loss due to a lack of supply of beets and was closed after the second season in 1899. The factory then reverted to government ownership. In 1910, the Department of Agriculture reopened the factory, but once again was unable to obtain a sufficient supply of beets from local farmers. To stimulate beet production, further government investment was expended on buying part of the Boisdale estate and subdividing it into small closer settlement allotments where farmers had to grow 10 acres of beet. But this measure did not increase the supply of beets. One major problem was that the rainfall was insufficient for beet growing - Maffra lies in a rain shadow area. Irrigation seemed the only way to make the crop a success, and plans were drawn up by

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 13 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission to irrigate the river flats from a weir built on the Macalister River at Glenmaggie. Work began on the irrigation scheme in 1919 and the township of Glenmaggie was flooded.

Sugar beet factory at Maffra (Lobley Album, Centre for Gippsland Studies) While there were some profitable years for the sugar beet factory, generally the enterprise was not a success. Growing sugar beet was labour intensive, requiring much soil preparation, and laborious thinning, cultivating and topping of the crop. Rather than putting the beet industry on its feet, the irrigation scheme stimulated the dairy industry. The factory was sold in 1953 and demolished in 1964. Still standing on the factory site is the large brick sugar store designed by Maffra architect Steve Ashton in 1922.62 The factory’s office and weigh station have been moved to the Apex Park and are now the home of the Maffra Sugar Beet Museum. Along the railway line between Maffra and Stratford are the remains of the Powerscourt Siding that was built for beet farmers to tip their beets into trucks that were then railed to the factory.

Other Crops Hops were grown, with marginal success, by the Barton family first at Strathfieldsaye in the 1860s and then at Sperm Whale Head. They were also tried at Glenmaggie around 1868. In the Briagolong district, hops flourished on the river flats until infestation with red spider in the early 1890s. Tobacco was also grown at Glenmaggie from about 1868 and at Briagolong for some years from 1872. Captain Edgar Slade had a winery around 1867 and the Delta Winery was established at Briagolong in 1885. Maize has also been grown in various parts of the shire, with maize cribs still remaining in the Briagolong district. It was also grown on the isolated but fertile river flats along the Crooked River by settlers who used it to feed pigs. The Guy family raised 200 to 300 pigs annually, and then walked them out to Fernbank, a droving exercise that took about four days. The pigs followed a trail of maize.63 Flax was grown at Won Wron and Devon North in the 1890s, and again in the same areas in the late 1920s. During the Second World War, flax was grown on the river flats between Maffra and Stratford as part of the war effort. It was sent to a deseeding factory that was built near the Powerscourt siding. Some evidence of this site remains. There has been a recent increase in vegetable growing in the shire. There is a large vegetable growing enterprise at Longford and dairy farms in the Macalister Irrigation Area, especially around Boisdale, have been converted to vegetable growing.

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4. EXPLOITING NATURAL RESOURCES

4.1 Gold Mining Gold played an important part in the early development of Wellington Shire. During the 1850s, many alluvial fields were discovered and worked throughout the colony. At the end of the decade, when discoveries were faltering, the government sponsored exploration and prospecting in order to stimulate the mining industry and open new fields. Gold finds attracted many miners to the mountainous region in the north of the shire. A number of small settlements sprang up, as well as the substantial town of Grant. Access was difficult and the climate harsh so when the goldfields waned, the miners left and the towns disappeared almost without trace. However many of the miners did not move on to other rushes but settled on the central plain, selecting land and farming, and there is a close interplay between miners and selectors. Some also selected land in the mountainous areas. The gold discoveries also provided a stimulus to established towns such as Sale and Port Albert.

Crooked River, Grant When surveyor John Wilkinson mapped the upper reaches of the Mitchell River in 1850, he noted the presence of gold in the rivers.64 So, in 1860, A.W. Howitt led a government prospecting party to further explore the upper tributaries. Good prospects were found at the junction of the Crooked River and Good Luck Creek and a rush quickly followed. Hotels and stores were established at the diggings, the settlement becoming known as Bull Town. Smaller settlements named Hog Town and Thiel Town also sprang up along the river. Finds in the Upper Dargo River led to the development of other small communities. In 1864, the government contracted Angus McMillan to oversee the cutting of a track to link the Crooked River field with other goldfields in the Great Dividing Range, as shown on his sketch map.65 In the course of cutting this track between the Crooked and Dargo Rivers, quartz reefs were discovered on the ridges. A new rush revived Bull Town and Hog Town and new settlements were established along the Crooked River at Howittville, Ram Town (later Talbotville), Stonewall and Little London or Winchester. By 1865, these towns were substantial, with hotels, stores and government buildings. Talbotville had a hotel, two restaurants and a court and held horse races. In a clearing on the ridge, a settlement known as Isaac’s Shanty mushroomed. The township became known as Mount Pleasant and finally Grant, after the Commissioner of Lands who visited the town in 1865. The clearing was enlarged to accommodate a double main street, with over thirty streets in all, as shown on the township map surveyed in 1865.66 Soon there were fifteen hotels, numerous stores, banks, a police station, courthouse, school, church, newspaper office and doctors, solicitors and sharebrokers. By early 1865, 91 reefs had proved auriferous and 180 quartz prospecting claims had been registered.67 Crushing mills and eight batteries were set up, and, by the end of 1865, there were nearly three hundred auriferous reefs identified.68 By this time, there were nearly two thousand residents in Grant. But by early 1866, gold production was already declining. The reefs were not extensive enough to justify the cost of ore cartage and crushing. Although the main road into Grant was improved, there were only packhorse tracks to the mine sites. Large scale mining speculation meant that many mines were never properly developed. The township of Grant had no reliable water supply and weather conditions were extreme, with snow cover regularly in winter. As the mines closed, the miners began to leave. Businesses closed and the smaller settlements on the Crooked River disappeared. By 1876, Grant was almost deserted. The school closed in 1890 and in 1916 the Anglican Church was dismantled and the last resident left. Now Grant has been declared an Historic Area and is administered by Parks Victoria. The town site is still

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 15 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY visible in a clearing in the bush. Historical groups have repegged and signed the main streets and headstones remain in the cemetery. Walking tracks provide access to some of the many mining relics, such as ore carts, boiler and stamper at the New Good Hope mine, and crushing equipment, battery and stampers at Old Good Hope mine.69

A few people still lived in Grant in 1913 (Carlyon Collection, Centre for Gippsland Studies) The settlement of Talbotville survived longer as there were large river flats for cultivation, using old mining races to supply water for irrigation. In 1900, there was still a licensed public house, a store and numerous houses. The school finally closed permanently in 1913. The Good Hope Mine, the most productive mine on the field, worked until 1915 and some of the other mines were opened sporadically. A dredge worked the river from 1906 until 1914. During the 1930s depression, a number of families prospected for gold in the area, such as the small settlement on Black Snake Creek, a tributary of the Wonnangatta River.70 However after 1900 agriculture was the main occupation and, without the stimulus of mining, tracks became overgrown and access became difficult. The last residents left in 1947 and little remains at Talbotville but the overgrown cemetery, deciduous trees, crumbling brick chimneys, a water race and old mine tunnels.

Freestone Creek Small quantities of gold were found by prospectors along Freestone Creek, a tributary of the Avon, and by 1868 many claims had been taken out along the creek and its tributaries. For a while there were two hundred miners on one creek named Gladstone Creek. The settlement of Gladstone sprang up in this valley, but was razed by a bushfire on Christmas Eve of the same year. During the 1870s, a small number of miners continued to prospect. The See It Out, a quartz mine, was worked by a number of different groups over the years but was never really successful. A local syndicate reopened it again in 1924 but it was again shortlived.71 Ben Cruachan Bushwalking Club has constructed a walking track, based on old pack tracks linking some of the diggings, including Lees Creek, Granite Creek and Gladstone Creek. Some mining relics remain: at Lees Creek there is evidence of alluvial diggings, a dam, a water race and shallow shafts.72

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Dargo The township of Dargo, in the lower valley of the Dargo River, developed as a stopping place and supply town for the Crooked River goldfield. The town was surveyed in 1864, with lots sold in 1866. Hotels and stores were soon established. There was some mining activity on the lower Dargo River, the river being worked briefly for alluvial gold and in 1893 being dredged for a while. There were a few shortlived quartz mines and the government battery was located near Dargo in the early 1900s. But the town has survived because it was not dependent on mining, being located on broad river flats suitable for agriculture.

The rivers were dredged for gold in the 1890s (Carlyon Collection, Centre for Gippsland Studies)

Gold Field Tracks With the discovery of gold in the mountains of North Gippsland, the old route through Sale and Port Albert was heavily used. Supplies to the goldfields were carried by bullock dray, then packhorse for the last part of the journey. Port Albert’s prosperity was boosted, just when the cattle trade was dwindling. Regular steamship services carried prospective miners, mining machinery and supplies to Port Albert. Gold from Crooked River, as well as from Omeo and Boggy Creek fields, was exported through the port where a powder magazine was also built. In the early 1860s, gold was also discovered in the ranges to the north-west of the shire, on Stringer’s Creek and the Jordan River. Miners and supplies were transported from Port Albert through Sale and Rosedale, stimulating the growth of these towns. As soon as the tracks reached the mountains, supplies were unloaded from the bullock wagons on to pack horses. Cowwarr developed as a staging post on one of the tracks, the area was soon settled and farm produce packed to the goldfields. During the mid 1860s, shipping began to utilise the Gippsland Lakes, so miners and supplies were landed directly at Sale. A powder magazine was built at Sale in 1864 to store explosives for the goldfields. It has been recently restored. Rugged terrain made access to the mountain diggings difficult so the government funded the cutting of tracks to aid prospecting and provide a means of communication between the goldfields. In 1864, Angus McMillan supervised the cutting of tracks to link the goldfields at Omeo, Crooked River, Walhalla and Jordan. From 1983, members of Ben Cruachan Bushwalking Club have relocated, mapped and marked McMillan’s original route, creating a walking track.73 Blazes on trees have been located along the track.74 The club has also cleared some of the many other tracks that were also forged during this period. A recently opened walk, Track 96, was part of the historic track from Briagolong to Cobbanah, constructed in the

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 17 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY 1880s. A number of tracks cross the Freestone Creek, Lees Creek and Granite Creek areas and track notes detail remaining mine relics.75

4.2 Brown Coal Mining There are extensive areas of coal deposits in the southern part of the Shire of Wellington. One field extends east from the Loy Yang field, another is located around the town of Gormandale, another is located in the parishes of Holey Plains and Coolungoolum, and another is located in the Stradbroke area. However, very little coal has been mined. Government testing found lignite west of Alberton as early as 1863.76 In 1926, James Knox applied for a mining lease on the Gelliondale deposits. The government would not support the venture as it was developing its interests at Yallourn, but Knox persevered, opening the mine by 1931 and selling bags of fuel the next year. In 1937, the company began production of briquettes.77 With the commencement of the Second World War, most of the labour force was withdrawn. After the war, the enterprise did not go ahead, affected by freight costs, the poorer quality of the coal and government disinterest. It carried on in a reduced capacity, closing in 1950.78 Over the years, several companies were interested in developing the field but in 1983 the Brown Coal Council suggested that the Gelliondale deposits may never be developed.79 In the 1960s, a private company opened a mine at Won Wron where there was a small deposit of good quality coal.80 There was also growing interest by the government and the State Electricity Commission of Victoria in the coal reserves in the Stradbroke and Darriman area. The extent of the reserves was surveyed by drilling in the 1970s. In 1983, plans to utilise the coal deposits in the Merriman’s Creek valley met with strong protests from local residents and were abandoned.

4.3 Quarrying A quarry operated on Freestone Creek, north of Briagolong, from the 1860s. The stone was used for Mount View homestead and the first Roman Catholic church at Briagolong, for the Anglican church at Sale, for a number of buildings at Stratford including the Anglican church and the post office, and for Angus McMillan’s tombstone. Another fine building is the former National Bank and residence in Maffra, built in 1877. In 1875, the stone was sent to Melbourne for the Colonial Exhibition.81 The rocky wall of freestone was largely quarried, but a part is still visible at the southern end of Quarry Reserve. Gravel and sand are extracted from numerous small pits throughout the shire.

Lime Lime was used extensively in the early building industry. Limestone deposits were discovered in the area south of Sale and a lime burning industry developed. Sale lime was of high quality and in demand.82 Reflecting the boom in the Melbourne building industry, there were three operations situated in the Sale area by 1890. The Dutson Lime Works eventually had three kilns and employed 13 men in 1890. The Armidale Lime Company, also at Dutson, was operating in the mid 1880s, until at least the early 1890s. The Boggy Creek Lime Works were located at Longford, and began operating as early as 1863. A second kiln was constructed in 1889 and at one point, there were 26 men employed at the works.83 The kilns were located at the quarries, and the workmen also lived around the lime works. The lime was hauled by horses to the railway station at Sale or to the Latrobe Landing at Longford. There was also some lime burning further south. There were three kilns on Merriman’s Creek in 1891. The lime was carted to the railway station at Rosedale by bullock wagon.84 However the financial depression of the 1890s caused stagnation of the building industry and the demand for lime declined.

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Limestone quarry, Merriman’s Creek, about 1960s (Carlyon Collection, Centre for Gippsland Studies) A lime pit was opened at Darriman in 1904 and lime was also mined north of Woodside.85 In the early 1930s, two companies commenced production of lime near Longford, supplying building and agricultural lime.86 Limestone mining recommenced at Merriman’s Creek in the 1950s, producing lime for cement manufacture.87 Agricultural lime is still mined at Darriman. Evidence of lime burning activities has survived. At Boggy Creek the kilns were bulldozed around 1994 for safety reasons, but the large limestone quarry remains, as well as the outlines of two filled shafts and the site of a residence. There is a well-preserved kiln at Darriman.88 There is also a kiln in good condition at Dutson.

4.4 Oil and Gas The production of oil and gas has had an impact on Wellington Shire, and has increased business and employment, bringing prosperity and development to Sale and the shire. After the First World War, the government offered a reward for the discovery of a payable oil field anywhere in Australia. The government sank a series of bores at Longford and Stradbroke in 1922 without success. However bores in the Lakes Entrance district proved more hopeful and drilling activity centred on this area. In the late 1930s, interest was revived in the search for oil and the Gippsland area was systematically tested with five lines of bores from north of Fernbank and Maffra to Seaspray and Seacombe. Promising prospects of oil and gas were found in two bores at Lake Wellington and another at Sperm Whale Head, but this project lapsed.89 After the Second World War, there was intensive drilling in the Woodside and Darriman areas with encouraging results, but not of commercial significance.90 In the 1960s, prospecting moved offshore and Esso BHP found oil in Bass Strait. A number of wells produce oil and gas, brought ashore by pipelines under the seabed. A large processing plant was built at Longford in 1969, and from there oil is carried by pipeline to Long Island Point on Westernport Bay and natural gas is piped to Dandenong. Sale became the administrative centre for Esso BHP, as well as for engineering, transport and supply companies servicing the oil industry. By the late 1960s and early 1970s, this created a great demand for office space and for housing in Sale. Some large new office buildings were constructed, new housing subdivisions created and new shops and restaurants opened. Oil production peaked in 1985, although the production of natural gas is slowly growing.91 The relocation of Esso’s administration to Melbourne in the early 1990s had a significant impact on Sale’s economy.

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 19 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY 4.5 Timber Wellington Shire contained vast areas of forest and woodlands when European settlers arrived to farm the land in the 1840s. Utilisation of these forests has been a continuing theme in the shire’s history. Among the forests that have been exploited are the red gum woodlands on the central plains, mountain ash in the Strzeleckis, yellow stringybark in the Woodside area and alpine ash in the rugged mountains to the north. Stripping wattle bark was an early enterprise. More recently, extensive plantations of pines and eucalypts for timber production have made an impact on the shire’s landscape. One of the first substantial red gum mills was William Forbes’ Stratford Steam Saw Mill, that he established in 1865 at Murray’s Corner, now known as Invermichie.92 In 1872, he relocated to a creek on Freemans Road at Briagolong, and named his significantly expanded enterprise the Victoria Saw Mill.93 The saw mill provided red gum weatherboards for buildings, had a significant contract with the Melbourne Tramways Trust to supply two million red gum blocks for street paving, made red gum fellows used in wagon wheels, and produced fencing and verandah posts. Another sideline was the production of kit houses. The red gum was quickly cleared from the plains and Forbes closed his mill in 1889. At the mill site today, the top of the well can still be seen, while in the Briagolong area, there are several Forbes’ kit homes. One of the most notable buildings in Briagolong, the Briagolong Mechanics Institute, was built from Forbes’ weatherboards.94 A contrasting site not far from where the Forbes mill was located is the Briagolong Red Gum Reserve, a botanical site of state significance. Saved from selection by naturalist Tarlton Rayment, this reserve consists of regrowth red gum. Its density differs from that of the woodlands at the time of European settlement as it has not been subject to the regular burning regime practised by the Aborigines.95 There were many spot mills in the area, with little to show of their existence other than the ruts made by bullock wagons transporting the sawn timber. Other saw milling enterprises in the district included that of the Littles. In his memoirs, George Little describes the family’s operations from the early 1900s as they established and moved mills from Blackall Creek to Perry Bridge and to Boisdale.96 Not far from Briagolong, Maurie Killeen operates a saw mill at Valencia Creek. As the red gum has been cleared, he now concentrates on milling mixed species such as stringybark, mountain grey gum and messmate. In the early 1880s, the potential of the valuable forest in the Mullungdung area was recognised and timber reserves were gazetted in the Darriman and Mullungdung parishes and in the Won Wron area. The yellow stringybark was renowned as a structural hardwood, and was used for piles and wharves by the Melbourne Harbour Trust, and for bridges and railway sleepers. A major saw milling enterprise in the Mullungdung Forest from 1910 to 1919, was the Goodwood Timber and Tramway Company. The company built a steel tramway from its mill site near the Old Rosedale Road to Port Albert, where the timber was loaded on to railway trucks. The company had substantial contracts with the Railways and with the Public Works Department. When it operated at full capacity, it employed 100 men and cut an average of 60,000 square feet of timber a week. A settlement consisting of mill houses, a school and hall, recreation reserve and tennis courts developed around the mill. Goodwood’s extensive operations soon had an impact on the forest, which was cut out by 1918. The company relocated its operations to Neerim and closed the mill in 1919. Remains of bridges built over gullies by the Goodwood Company can be seen in the forest, and there are cuttings over which logs were rolled. The forest abounds with stumps.97 During the Second World War, large quantities of charcoal were obtained from the Mullungdung and Boodyarn Forests. In more recent years, the Mullungdung has been logged for fencing materials.98 The once magnificent forests of mountain ash that covered the eastern Strzeleckis were mostly burnt as settlers set alight the trees they had ringbarked and felled. Some were split for palings. During the 1920s, after advances had been made with the process of kiln drying the ash, its demand as a building timber escalated.99 In the Strzeleckis, small saw mills such as the Duff

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Sawmill operated until logs became too difficult to extract. The Duff Sawmill Heritage Trail near Balook shows evidence of this period of logging. The trail follows tracks made by horses and tractors pulling logs to the mill.100 By the time the settlers had abandoned their farms, blackberries, rabbits and ragwort had invaded the Strzeleckis and scrub was taking hold on the hillsides. Before the end of the Second World War, the Forestry Commission stepped in to rehabilitate the Strzeleckis and establish a major timber supply there. It was joined in the venture by APM which had a large paper mill in the Latrobe Valley, and the company began buying land in the 1950s. The forest could not regenerate by natural means as the seeds of the mountain ash had long since been destroyed. Only a program of planting and silviculture would create the forest.101 After research to investigate the best species to plant in the area, pinus radiata was found to be the most suitable softwood and mountain ash the best eucalypt. Much of the preparation and planting in the Eastern Strzeleckis was carried out by prisoners from the Won Wron Prison Farm. By 1986, 18,000 hectares of softwoods had been planted and there were 11,000 acres of eucalypt plantation.102 This has increased and the scrub covered hillsides are being overlaid by plantations of pine, mountain ash and shining gum which are harvested and replanted every 25 to 30 years.103 A drive through the hills reveals a mixture of plantations and regenerated forest. Near Balook, the Tarra Bulga National Park, filled with magnificent forest, fern gullies and waterfalls, conveys to the visitor a sense of what the ranges were like when the settlers moved into the forest. APM’s pulp mill at Maryvale has had an impact on other parts of the shire as well as the Strzeleckis, with extensive pine plantations in areas such as Longford and Stockdale. A tree farm was established by APM at Stockdale from the 1950s, and APM has also used alpine timber for pulpwood. Former Licola sawmiller, Wilbur Saxton, established a tree nursery at Longford in the mid 1960s – at the time the only private tree nursery in Australia – and worked to develop genetically superior pines to supply to APM.104 Away in the lonely north of the shire were vast stands of alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis), found between elevations of 950 to 1400 metres. This isolated and untouched area of the shire, penetrated only by the occasional mountain cattlemen’s stock route or hardy bushwalkers, was about to be transformed in 1950. In February 1950, a Mack Diesel truck wound its way down the mountains, carrying the first load of alpine ash that had been cut on Connors Plain.105 The alpine timber industry was to not only transform the alpine ash forests and send roads threading into this isolated area, but also to transform Heyfield, below the mountains on the red gum plains. After the 1939 fires with their horrific loss of life and the destruction of Victoria’s main mountain ash forests and hardwood timber supplies, the state’s timber industry was restructured. Saw mills would be relocated to towns away from the forests and milling operations would be centralised in the towns to be known as conversion centres. The Forests Commission began surveying the untapped and inaccessible alpine reserves of timber, then planning roads to penetrate the area and nominating Heyfield a conversion centre. A road was built to Connors Plain and plans were made to extend it to cross the Divide and link Heyfield with Jamieson. In 1950, during the heart of the post war timber shortage, seven saw mills were established in Heyfield which was quickly transformed into a timber town.106 Streets of mill workers houses were hastily built on the perimeter of the town - 185 houses altogether - giving workers proper housing and access to educational, health and shopping facilities that they had been denied when they lived in the forests. The Saxtons were able to establish their mill at Licola in 1950, and built houses and facilities for workers and their families on a flat bordering the Macalister River. Existing reserves on Connors Plain were soon under pressure and new areas for logging were investigated. Bennison Plains was surveyed as the next forest reserve. The alpine ash growing here was not in contiguous forests as on Connors Plain but in scattered pockets. The expense that would be incurred in building the Mt Tamboritha Road led to a more cooperative venture among the saw milling companies and a co-ordinated approach to logging the new areas. Work began on the Tamboritha Road in 1959, and in 1962, the first trees were felled on the

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 21 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY Bennison Plains. Logging extended to Arbuckle and into the Moroka unit. As logging allocations have been reduced, companies in Heyfield have amalgamated until the situation in 2001 where one company, Neville Smith Pty Ltd, owns the two remaining saw mills.107 Because of the shrinking allocations, timber is now trucked to Heyfield from all parts of Victoria. The alpine timber industry has also had an impact on Dargo. A mill was established in 1960, but closed in 1987 after Neville Smith Pty Ltd took it over. Reasons given for the closure were scarcity of alpine ash and lowering of timber quotas.108

This chip hopper and sawdust burner were part of Saxton’s sawmill at Licola (Susan Purdy, Centre for Gippsland Studies) Companies in Heyfield amalgamated and the main operating mill is Neville Smith Pty Ltd. Today there is plenty of evidence of the postwar alpine timber industry when the demand for timber seemed insatiable and the industry was restructured. Most of the 1950s mill houses are now in private hands, some have been renovated. The silent virgin stands of alpine ash of the 1940s no longer exist. As a result of logging, extensive roading has penetrated these areas, including the link over the Great Divide, opening the area up for skiing, bushwalking and camping. At Licola are remnants of the Saxton mill settlement which closed in the late 1960s. It has now been transformed into a camp for school children. The lovely avenues of poplars and planes planted by the Saxtons lead to the mill houses that have now been converted to bunk rooms. The brick power house remains, as does the saw dust burner now used as a furnace. The chip hopper has been converted to an abseiling tower.109

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Wattle Bark Stripping bark from wattle, particularly black wattle (acacia mearnsii) was a very early industry in the shire. Wattle bark was used in the process of tanning. A tannery was established at Port Albert in the 1840s and by the 1880s there were also tanneries at Rosedale, Heyfield, Stratford, Wurruk, Longford and Sale. From the 1840s, large amounts of bark were also exported to Melbourne. The wattle tree was generally felled to strip the bark so large areas of land were cleared, although the trees did regenerate fairly quickly. By the 1870s, the main source of wattle was on the land of selectors and on the large runs. Wattle bark stripping provided seasonal work and supplementary income for selectors. At Ramahyuck mission station, in the 1860s and 1870s, the Aborigines cut wattle bark to earn money for the mission and for themselves.110 Wattle bark was harvested until about 1960. In 1950, there was still an agent in Briagolong and a weighbridge for the bark at Bushy Park railway station.111 However, increasing use of substitutes by tanneries has meant the demise of the industry.

4.6 Fishing A fishing industry had developed at Port Albert by the mid 1860s. At first, much of the catch was cured by Chinese but from the 1880s fresh fish were transported by steamer or by rail from Sale. The railway through South Gippsland reached Port Albert in 1892, further assisting exports to Melbourne. The thriving industry stimulated improvements to the wharf and supported a boatbuilding industry. Port Albert was renowned for flounder but by the 1930s shark fishing became important. From the late 1940s, the industry grew considerably and by 1965 there were 33 boats at Port Albert.112 However, from the late 1960s, the fishing industry declined. From 1983, management plans for a marine park controlled commercial and amateur fishing in Corner Inlet, but a small fleet of trawlers still fishes for shark.

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5.1 Shipping In the first days of settlement in Gippsland, the difficulties of overland travel made sea transport preferable. The wreck of the steamer Clonmel, on the outer sandbanks of Corner Inlet in January 1841, stimulated the interest of pastoralists in the hinterland. At the same time, Angus McMillan reached the red gum plains from the Monaro, and was soon followed by other squatters arriving with sheep and cattle. The need for a port from which to export their cattle was a pressing concern.

Coastal Shipping The survivors of the Clonmel grounding reported favourably on Corner Inlet, and Captain Lewis, one of the rescuers, called it ‘a noble inland lake, capacious enough to ride a fleet of shipping secure from every storm, with a navigable passage from Corner Inlet, and also from Shallow Inlet’.113 These good reports prompted a group of pastoralists to form the Gipps Land Company and charter the Singapore to investigate the area. The settlers at Port Albert struggled at first, waiting for the survey of land and township blocks. The first town site on the Albert River was unsuitable for shipping stock, so in February 1842 another site was established on a headland near the mouth of the Tarra River. This location became known as Shipping Point. The shipping trade grew, with a number of ships serving the port en route between Melbourne and Sydney. In the first six months of 1844, Commissioner C.J. Tyers reported 48 arrivals and 43 departures.114 Cattle were regularly shipped to Van Diemens Land and to New Zealand. Sheep, wool and some dairy produce were also exported, as well as timber and wattle bark, tallow, skins, grain, potatoes, fish and oysters. As trade increased, a customs officer was appointed in January 1844, and a customs office built soon after. The discovery of gold in north Gippsland from the 1850s boosted trade. The Port Albert Steam Navigation Company ran a regular steamship service, landing prospective miners, mining machinery and supplies. A powder magazine was built on the foreshore, a substantial new customs house was completed in 1857 and an immigration barracks built by 1858. At first, stock and goods were transported through shallow water to ships waiting in the channels but Turnbull & Orr built a small jetty in 1846. Gradually facilities at the port were improved, with a government wharf erected in 1860 as well as three new private jetties. A crane and a goods shed were installed in the following years. The port was served by an unofficial pilot from 1841, but in 1845 a government pilot was appointed to guide ships through the entrance and channels. A signal station was established on Clonmel Island, and later when the island washed away, a lighthouse was built on the eastern end of Snake Island. This light was removed by the early 1880s and a flagstaff erected. There was also a signal station on Sunday Island. There were numerous wreckings and groundings near the entrance to the inlet, so a lifeboat was added in 1860 and a rescue rocket in 1877.115 However, Port Albert’s importance as a port gradually declined. By the mid 1860s, many cattle were being driven overland to the Melbourne market. Coach services competed with the steamers, and the opening of the Gippsland Lakes to navigation allowed steamers direct communication with the inland towns. Sale had a railway connection to Melbourne in 1878 and in 1892 the railway through South Gippsland reached Port Albert. In 1891, there were three steamers weekly but after 1900 there was only one steamer a week, ceasing operation in 1928. The customs house closed in 1903. Port Albert supported a fishing industry from the days of early settlement when dried fish were exported by Chinese. Fishing sustained the port and growth in this industry in the 1940s prompted the provision of further mooring facilities and improvements in port services.116 The port has also supported some shipbuilding over the years. The fishing industry declined from

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the late 1960s, but a small fleet still works from Port Albert, trawling in Bass Strait or netting in Corner Inlet. The port was also used for recreation. An annual New Year’s Day regatta was held at Port Albert for about eighty years from 1858, visitors coming from all over Gippsland, by special trains and by boat.117 Now the port facilities are used by numerous recreational fishermen and boating enthusiasts. The Maritime Museum at Port Albert holds an extensive collection of artefacts and records which show the type and variety of shipping which used the port. These include the lifesaving rocket, and a cannon from the Clonmel. The remains of the Clonmel boilers are sometimes visible at low tide. The Clonmel was declared an historic shipwreck in 1985 after examination by Heritage Victoria maritime archaeologists who found many remains buried in the sand. A rescue project in 1996 mapped the wreck in detail and recovered a number of artefacts.118 There are some relics of the heyday of the port. The cottage that housed the lighthouse keeper on Snake Island is now located in Port Albert. Most of the wharves have been replaced but retain approximately their early profile. The former immigration barracks is still standing and some basalt footings of the powder magazine remain. As well, there are the hotel, offices and stores, and public buildings which recall Port Albert’s position as the port of Gippsland.119

Lakes Shipping Some shipping used the Gippsland Lakes for internal commerce from the late 1850s, carrying supplies from Sale for the gold diggings in north Gippsland and backloading timber.120 The natural outlet of the lakes to the sea was discovered in 1842 but it was 1858 before a sizeable vessel sailed through the shallow opening.121 Despite the hazards of the changeable entrance, vessels from Melbourne, Sydney and Hobart were soon navigating the lakes and the lower reaches of the rivers. Shipping companies based in Sale provided direct communication with Melbourne, by-passing the long and arduous overland journey from Port Albert to Sale. Sale’s port was on the Latrobe River, some distance from the township and downstream from the bridge across the river on the road to Port Albert. Two hotels were built at the port, as well as storehouses. On the lower reaches of the Avon River there were wharves at Clydebank and Redbank. During the late 1860s, a silt bar developed at the mouth of the Latrobe River and traffic for Sale used the port at Clydebank. A channel was cut through the bar in the early 1870s and Latrobe Wharf became the main port for Sale and district while the Avon River ports sank into obscurity. The steamers carried passengers, supplies and machinery for the gold diggings, as well as wool, timber and wattle bark. Excursion trips were introduced in the 1870s and proved very popular. The opening of the railway from Sale to Melbourne in 1878 removed the monopoly of lakes shipping, but encouraged tourism and new trade such as fresh fish. A rail link from Sale to the wharf was planned but, instead, the old low level bridge was replaced by a moveable bridge, opened in 1883. Sale’s connection to the lakes was further improved by the construction of a canal, from 1886 to1890, from the Thomson River to a basin south of the town. The construction of an artificial entrance to the lakes, opened in 1889, also benefited the shipping trade but the boom days were already passing. Improving road and rail services seriously challenged the steamer trade and by the 1930s the last steamers on the lakes ceased service. The canal and swinging basin and the Swing Bridge are vivid reminders of the role of river transport in the early development of Sale. At the Latrobe Wharf there is only minimal evidence of the wharf footings.122

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The paddlesteamer Tanjil is moored at Latrobe Wharf on the LaTrobe River near Sale (Carlyon Collection, Centre for Gippsland Studies)

5.2 Roads The first Europeans to venture into Gippsland came from the Monaro. By 1845, when surveyor Townsend made his map of Gippsland, this route, crossing the Avon River, then the Latrobe below its junction with the Thomson and proceeding to Alberton, was an established track. Port Albert became the outlet for the region and the rough dray track became a permanent road. The rivers and morasses were bridged in the 1850s, but the road was still often impassable in winter and sandy in places. Townsend’s map also showed a ‘Road to Port Phillip’ along the coast but this route was swampy, difficult and little used. An early track north of the Latrobe River was surveyed and improved by C.J. Tyers in 1847, but rough terrain and swamps hindered the development of a direct overland route to Melbourne.123 With increasing settlement other tracks came into use, such as the Straits Road which branched from the Port Albert track via McLennan’s Straits and Seacombe.124 The fledgling settlement of Flooding Creek was linked with the Latrobe River crossing by a dray track, known as Punt Lane. The discovery of gold at Omeo in the early 1850s greatly increased traffic on the Port Albert track, with accommodation houses and shanties springing up along the route. When gold was also found at Crooked River in the 1860s, a route was pioneered from Stratford. Rugged terrain made travel in the mountains difficult so the government funded the cutting of a number of tracks to aid prospecting and to provide means of communication between goldfields. Gold finds in the ranges to the north-west of the shire, on Stringer’s Creek and the Jordan River, also stimulated the cutting of tracks. Miners and supplies bound for these fields landed at Port Albert, then travelled via the track to Rosedale and thence to Toongabbie and Walhalla, or else through Sale, Maffra, Heyfield and Seaton.125 The early bush tracks were rough, passable only on horseback or by bullock dray. District road boards were formed from the early 1850s to improve road conditions in the country. As shires were formed, the roads in the area became a municipal responsibility. Alberton Shire was proclaimed in 1864, Avon Shire in 1865 and Rosedale Shire in 1871. These bodies constructed new roads, maintained and improved existing roads, and built bridges.

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The completion of a causeway across the morasses at the crossing of the Latrobe River allowed the operation of coach services between Port Albert and Sale from 1859. From the early 1860s, other coaches also ran from Sale, carrying miners heading for the Jordan and Crooked River goldfields. Regular coach services also ran between Sale and Bairnsdale. The track to Melbourne was gradually improved and coach services commenced operation between Sale and Melbourne in 1865. By 1867, in good conditions, a journey from Sale to Melbourne took twenty four hours.126 The opening of the railway from Melbourne to Sale in 1878 ended coach travel on that route, but coach services continued to operate from railheads for many years. In the early 1900s, motor cars began to appear in the shire. As roads were upgraded and bridges constructed, motor transport superseded horsedrawn coaches throughout the region. The Country Roads Board was formed in 1913 to improve the state’s road system and in July of that year the Board inspected the roads of the eastern Strzelecki Ranges. Settlers had penetrated the hill country from the late 1860s, and the opening of a number of tracks had encouraged further settlement.127 The Shire of Alberton also constructed roads in the hill country to encourage selection.128 Some of these steep, narrow and winding tracks were declared main roads and work soon began on widening, gravelling and realignment. From 1918, the Board was also responsible for ‘developmental’ roads and eight more roads in the area received attention, including the Tarra Valley Road and the Grand Ridge Road.129 The Ridge Road, as it was first called, was planned to run from Strzelecki in the west to Carrajung on the Traralgon to Yarram Road. Several new roads were constructed during the 1930s using unemployment relief and the Isolated Settlers Fund provided roads at Dingo Creek, west of Wonyip, in 1927.130 In 1935, hill residents showed their appreciation of their improved access by erecting a memorial to the CRB at the junction of the Hiawatha and Binginwarri Roads.131 Isolated settlers in the Upper Macalister River Valley battled for thirty years to get a road, which eventually reached the Barkly River in 1919. But it was another twelve years before the river was bridged, giving the Glencairn people access to the outside world.132

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Roads in the Upper Macalister Valley were steep and narrow (Carlyon Collection, Centre for Gippsland Studies) The route between Port Albert and Sale declined in importance from the 1860s as shipping on the lakes was able to land close to Sale. The advent of the railway in 1878 gave Sale direct communication with Melbourne and the route to Port Albert became less important. In 1927 the CRB took over the Yarram to Sale road, improving the surface with metal and later tar. This road became part of the South Gippsland Highway, proclaimed in 1938.133 The coach road to Melbourne was upgraded over the years and became part of the Princes Highway. The road linking the Dargo area to the lowlands follows the route of the track, cut to take miners to the Crooked River goldfield. It was upgraded for vehicular traffic in the late 1880s and, as late as 1932, mobs of cattle were brought down the track to Stratford and on to markets at Maffra.134 The grid network of minor roads on the central plains of the shire are a legacy of closer settlement schemes over the years. The timber industry was responsible for many tracks in the eastern Strzelecki Ranges, where logs were removed with horses and tractors. Some of these tracks are visible on the Duff Sawmill Heritage Trail near Balook.135 From the 1950s, timber was extracted from the mountains in the north of the shire and extensive roading was constructed, including a link to the other side of the Great Dividing Range.

5.3 Bridges Large rivers, streams and marshes were a great impediment to travel in the early days of settlement in the Shire of Wellington. At first, rivers were forded at a shallow place. Punts operated for a time over the Latrobe River at Longford and Rosedale and over the Macalister River at Maffra. The Tarra and Albert Rivers were bridged in the first years of settlement and by 1858 a bridge and causeway were constructed across the Latrobe River and its morasses at Longford. During the 1860s, bridges were built over the smaller streams on the route between Port Albert and Sale and in 1883 a moveable swing bridge replaced the old Latrobe River bridge. A new bridge is currently under construction. Floods were common, often significantly damaging bridges and leading to their fairly frequent replacement. Usually the original small wooden bridge was replaced by a bigger and better structure, eventually superseded by a modern concrete and steel model. The fourth bridge over the Avon now stands at Stratford, while a line of pines documents an earlier bridge alignment. At Rosedale, the duplication of the long bridge over the Latrobe was opened in 1996, improving on the two bridges and a causeway constructed after the devastating floods of 1934. The Delta Bridge near Briagolong crossed the morass of the Freestone Creek. A low wooden bridge was replaced by a larger bridge in 1893. Flooding and gradually widening of the creek

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led to the bridge eventually being about four hundred feet long. It was destroyed by bushfires in 1965 and has been replaced by a concrete bridge. In the rugged eastern Strzelecki Ranges, many deep creeks had to be bridged to give isolated communities access to markets and services. Often a large log was the first bridge, but from the 1870s the Alberton Council and then the Country Roads Board constructed many bridges in this region. ‘A’ frame bridges were once numerous in this area. An example survives on the Albert River near Hiawatha.136 The bridge in the Tarra Valley National Park is an unusual suspension bridge, relocated from Alberton West. The settlers in the Upper Macalister River Valley were also very isolated. It was 1931 before a simple three-span bridge was built across the Barkly River, giving them access to Licola.137

The opening of the bridge at Licola about 1913 was a great occasion (Con Gleeson Collection, Centre for Gippsland Studies)

5.4 Railways After many debates about the most suitable route for a railway into Gippsland, a direct route to Sale was endorsed and work began at both ends (Oakleigh and at Sale) in 1875. The line was completed in 1878, and later extended to Bairnsdale.138 A loop to link with the main Gippsland line was built in the 1880s from Traraglon to Stratford, with stations at Glengarry, Toongabbie, Cowwarr, Dawson, Heyfield, Tinamba and Maffra. Heyfield became especially busy when work started on the Glenmaggie Weir in the 1920s, and a tramline was built from Heyfield to the weir site to transport materials needed for the huge project. A spur line was also built from Maffra to Briagolong in 1889. The railway ended the region’s isolation as it significantly shortened the travelling time to Melbourne and stimulated industries. Large quantities of timber were railed in from Briagolong to Maffra, while at Maffra, cattle and dairy products were sent to the Melbourne markets. From the Melbourne end, excited holiday makers boarded the Gippsland train to alight at Sale and continue by boat to their holiday destinations on the Gippsland Lakes.139 The Better Farming Train, an agricultural extension service, visited Heyfield and other stations along the line in the 1930s.140

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 29 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY Residents at the southern end of the shire agitated for rail connection from the 1880s, suggesting a link from Traralgon, Rosedale or Sale to Port Albert. Instead, the Great Southern Line was built, travelling through South Gippsland to its terminus at Port Albert in 1892. The line was extended to Yarram in 1921, reflecting the shifting dynamics of population and downgrading Port Albert to a spur line. In 1923, it had reached Woodside. However these extensions from Yarram did not prove viable and their services were very limited.141 Rail services have progressively contracted since the 1950s and now, only one of the lines is still operating in the shire. At present, the Gippsland line terminates for passengers at Sale, but the government plans to reopen services to Bairnsdale in the future. On this line, the Rosedale station with residence and the goods shed date from 1881.142 In Sale, where the route has been diverted to the outskirts of town, the signal box remains as a sentinel that overlooks the original route and station site, now occupied by the Sale shopping complex. Rails, stations and bridges may have been removed from the closed lines, but evidence of the once busy lines still abounds. Within the shire, on the former Traralgon to Stratford line, embankments and cuttings can be discerned, and the Maffra and Stratford stations remain. The former Dawson railway reserve is now a significant flora reserve that contains rare orchids and remnant grasslands. The Powerscourt siding, purpose-built for loading sugar beet, can be seen by those with a keen eye. This line is progressively being turned into a rail trail and all the remnant features - from bridge pylons to high earthen embankments that provide sweeping views of the river flats - will be appreciated by walkers and cyclists. Although the main railway station building is no longer at Yarram, parts of the platform and shedding remain. Railway housing has also survived. At Cowwarr, a former railway house stands close to the overgrown platform, and in Heyfield, the station master’s house backs on to what is now an empty railway reserve. Close to where the former railway line leaves Maffra for Stratford, there is a line of houses that were part of the Victorian Railway’s ‘Operation Snail’. These precut houses were manufactured in Nottingham in the late 1940s and imported to Australia by the railways to help overcome the postwar housing shortage. Another group of ‘snail houses’ can be seen in Macarthur Street in Sale and there is also one in Cowwarr.

5.5 Air Services During the Second World War airfields were constructed at East Sale and West Sale for military purposes. After the war, East Sale became a permanent establishment, operating as a peacetime training centre. The airfield at West Sale was partially dismantled, before being used as a holding centre for displaced persons. From the late 1960s, the aerodrome was used for commuter flights, charter flights and agricultural work and facilities were upgraded. The discovery of offshore oil and natural gas increased traffic at the airport and in the late 1980s it was the headquarters of the National Safety Council of Australia – Victorian Division (NSCA). An airfield at Yarram serves light aircraft.

5.6 Communications From the earliest days of settlement, the first residents of the shire maintained contact with the outside world, with mail being carried on horseback by settlers or travellers. The first post office in the shire was established at Alberton in 1843 and the mail was brought by coastal steamers. From 1848 a regular service was established with the mail coming overland from Melbourne through Sale. A post office was opened at Sale in 1848.143 With increasing population, regular mail services were established to post offices in stores, hotels and homesteads, such as Rosedale where the first post office was conducted in Luke’s store or at Won Wron where the school housed the post office. Loose bags of mail were left for settlers to collect and distribute. A postcard of Seacombe Post Office about 1900 shows a group of people gathered to collect mail.144 Postal services eventually reached most isolated communities, such as Licola where mail delivery on a weekly basis began in 1912.145 Even at Black Snake Creek, a tributary of the Wonnangatta River deep in the mountains, there was a small corrugated iron shed which functioned as a post office, as a photograph taken in 1941

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shows.146 One of the the oldest post office buildings still existing in the shire is the former Port Albert post office. Built in 1865, it closed in 1972 and is now a private home.147 The telegraph line from Melbourne reached Sale and Port Albert in 1864. Rosedale was connected in 1867 and this link to civilisation gradually reached many scattered communities. From the 1890s, the telephone network spread throughout the region. The Yarram district was connected in the early 1900s. Glenmaggie was linked in 1906, the line coming six miles from Heyfield, strung on trees and fences.148 Communications in the region were further advanced in the 1930s when two radio stations 3GI and 3TR, which was originally in Trafalgar, were established in Sale. A transmitter was located at Longford.149 In recent times, consolidation and improvement of services has seen the introduction of automatic telephone exchanges and the closure of small post offices, while modern telecommunications have improved links with the world.

Omega Base The OMEGA Navigational Facility is located at Darriman. Plans for the site were announced in 1976 and, despite considerable protest, the facility was constructed and opened in 1982. The tower is 427 metres tall and the site covers 347 hectares. Part of a world chain of eight facilities, it provides long range all-weather navigational information.150

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6.1 National Parks and Reserves Throughout the shire are many areas of public land that have been reserved for a variety of reasons including forest reserves, railway and water reserves. Although the reason for their original reservation may no longer exist, many have evolved as important areas for preserving remnant vegetation, and as parkland and for recreation. This is the case with the Dawson railway reserve. Once a stop on the Traralgon to Stratford railway line, it is now an important remnant grassland area of the red gum plains. The history of proclaiming national parks in the shire documents changing responses to the environment. The first park in the shire, now the Tarra Bulga National Park, was established after Alberton Shire asked the Victorian government to reserve an area of forest near Balook as a public park in order to preserve the fern gullies. Small in area, twenty hectares were reserved in 1903 and named Bulga Park. In 1909, more mountain ash forest was reserved nearby in the Tarra Valley. The shire relocated a suspension bridge from Alberton West, enabling visitors to walk through the rainforest canopy. Italian stonemason, Peter Moresco, was responsible for the imposing stonework at the entrance to the Tarra Valley National Park.151 It was not until the recommendations of the Land Conservation Council (see below), that the two separate parks were merged, after a land exchange with APM. The new Tarra Bulga National Park of 1,230 hectares was opened in 1986.152 Visitors to the park are soon immersed in the cool temperate rainforest with its beautiful fern gullies and buttressed trunks of mountain ash. They have some insight into what the settlers faced when they arrived with their axes to clear the land for farming Differing greatly from Victoria’s earliest national parks like Mount Buffalo and Wilsons Promontory that were noted for their imposing beauty and grandeur, Sperm Whale Head, a low-lying sandy peninsula which separates Lake Victoria from Lake Reeve, was reserved as a park in 1927. Local naturalists, especially Fred Barton who was the voluntary ranger there for many years, had campaigned to protect Thriptomene micrantha (known locally as heather) which was harvested on the peninsula for cut flowers.153 Although the park was renamed the Lakes National Park in1929, the lake’s water was not protected - the park’s boundary stopped short of the water frontage. After considerable debate in Victoria over the use of public land that stemmed from plans to farm the Little Desert, the Land Conservation Council (LCC) was formed to make recommendations on the balanced use of public land. This included preserving ecologically significant areas and conserving areas of natural interest, beauty or historic interest. During the 1970s, the shire’s public land came under LCC scrutiny. Among the recommendations which were implemented was the formation of the Lakes Coastal Park in 1979, which protected the vital outer barrier to the lakes and the Ninety Mile Beach, and the reservation of the Holey Plains State Park near Rosedale in 1977. This park is one of the most floristically diverse parks in the state and has cultural significance that includes Aboriginal artefact scatters and links with the Holey Plain squatting run.154 The LCC turned its attention to alpine areas to the north of the shire, an area where very little land had been made available for freehold. The management of this land had long been a controversial issue. Land use included the relatively recent logging enterprises which had also resulted in a network of roads penetrating the area, and alpine summer grazing. Bushwalkers had long been attracted to the grand scenery and the cultural heritage of the Alps, walking into Tarli Karng or hiking the Crosscut Saw, staying at cattlemen’s huts and hiking into Wonnangatta station, made famous by the Bryce family. The Victorian National Parks Association had been lobbying for decades for alpine national parks to preserve the environment, while cattlemen feared the creation of parks would end their grazing licences,

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threaten their farming viability and end the tradition of alpine grazing stretching back for many decades. In 1979, the LCC recommended the creation of four national parks. One of these parks, the Wonnangatta Moroka, would encompass the northern part of the shire. The lively debate that erupted over these recommendations focused on issues of cultural heritage, environmental damage caused by grazing above the snowline, and the issue of burning and wildfire. Following the LCC’s recommendations, a contiguous national park has been formed along the Great Dividing Range and links with the Kosciusko National Park. In the Wonnangatta Moroka Park, areas of freehold – such as the Wonnangatta Station area - have been acquired and subsumed into the park, but some families retain their grazing leases. There are many sites of cultural significance within the national park. In 1983, the state government announced its intention to establish four marine parks and wildlife reserves in South Gippsland. Among them was the Nooramunga Marine and Coastal Park that stretches from Port Welshpool to the beginning of the Ninety Mile Beach, and encompasses the many small islands, mud flats and tidal channels near the entrance to Port Albert. Much evidence of the shire’s early history lies within this park, including the wreck of the Clonmel which had played an instrumental role in the early settlement of Gippsland. Snake Island is also included in the park. Each winter from the early 1900s to the 1950s, dairy cows, from areas such as Jack River, Wonyip, Tarra Valley, Balook and Binginwarri, were swum across to the island for winter grazing. The hill farmers were unable to feed their cows during the winter months, and had to find an alternative place to feed their herds.155 Evidence of the agisters’ huts and infrastructure remain on the island, and beef cattle are still taken across for agistment.

6.2 Changes to Lakes and Rivers In 1957, a sewerage farm was developed at Dutson Downs to dispose of wastewater from the Latrobe Valley. This development had a devastating effect on Lake Coleman, on the southern edge of Lake Wellington, colouring the water and reducing light penetration necessary for aquatic life, turning it into a dead lake. Local disquiet grew as people became aware of the lake’s degradation and the seeping of its polluted water into Lake Wellington. The plan in the 1980s to dump radioactive waste in Lake Coleman, close to the RAAF bombing range, had a mobilising effect on local people. It alerted them to a larger issue, the state of the Gippsland Lakes, and the extent to which they had been affected by 140 years of European settlement.156 This included the effects that clearing the land has had on the lakes, the impact of farming practices and increasing use of farm fertilisers that have washed into the lakes, the effect of building an artificial entrance to the lakes and the increased salinity levels, eroding shorelines through the loss of reeds and tea tree and increased turbidity. As a result of the Lake Coleman mobilisation, the Save the Gippsland Lakes Committee was formed. The lakes have been under constant study and surveillance by other organisations since this group formed. The problems have been recognised but continue to exacerbate with the regular appearance of algal blooms, increasing salinity and erosion. Allied to the changes to the lakes are changes to the rivers within the shire. Of particular concern for shire residents have been changes to the Avon River, which local people have seen as both a provider and a predator. The early settlers prized its alluvial river flats and its water supply. By 1940, however, with miles of red raw cliffs, an expanding river bed, banks devoid of vegetation and vulnerable to the next onslaught of floodwater, the Avon was known as the worse case of river bank erosion in Victoria. Surrounding farmland and the town of Stratford were considered vulnerable to the ravages of the river. Along the river is evidence of remedial action taken by farming groups and sixty years of river engineering. A concrete retaining wall was built to protect part of the town and the road bridge in 1930, protective works of encasing stones in wire mesh were built for the railway bridge in 1941. In the 1950s, concrete groynes were erected along the river and a program of willow planting was instituted in an attempt to stabilise the banks.157 Willows are now being removed from rivers in the shire and native vegetation being replanted.

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 33 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY In the lower reaches of the river, towards Clydebank where once boats steamed up to Redbank, the river has silted markedly. During flood periods, when more silt is deposited from the river’s upper reaches, the area takes on a desert-like appearance from the sand deposits. There have been marked changes to the Thomson, Macalister and Latrobe rivers as a result of clearing, farming practices, impact of industrial waste, construction of dams, irrigation, draining morasses and snagging. Sites associated with agricultural engineering can be seen on parts of the Macalister irrigation district to combat the salinity problems caused by the rising water table. In 1952, local farming families living along the Thomson River near Cowwarr saw a new river form overnight. During this severe flood, the Thomson had a breakaway and formed a new course, now called the Rainbow Creek. A natural process, centuries of silt accumulation had raised the river bed and banks until it ‘perched’ above its floodplain, and then broke its banks to find a new channel. In 1957, the Cowwarr Weir was built to help maintain flow in the Thomson River and continue providing local irrigation and drainage.158 In 1948, the passing of a River Improvement Act allowed local groups to initiate works to improve their own streams. The Avon River Improvement Trust was formed in 1951.159 Trusts were formed for the Tarra River and Bruthen Creek in 1952.160 These bodies have undertaken works to combat erosion and to mitigate flooding, such as constructing groynes, building levee banks and revegetating river banks.

6.3 Fires and Floods

Fires Bush and grass fires are a constant threat in the region encompassed by Wellington Shire. Accounts of the 1851 fires in Gippsland reflect the awe of new settlers, as they began realising the extent of these forces in the Australian environment. The Gippsland Times and Gippsland Guardian also reported in graphic detail on fires on the plains of the Avon River in 1862 and 1863.161 The northern mountainous area of the shire has been devastated by many fires over the years. The worst fire in the Upper Macalister Valley was in 1900 when a large fire, burning in the mountains for weeks, swept down to Glenmaggie and across to Upper Maffra. Homes, stock, pasture and fencing were lost and two people died.162 Another memorable fire occurred in 1965 when, under hot and windy conditions, several fires merged, wreaking devastation from Glenmaggie to Bairnsdale.163 Bushfires are also an ever present danger in the Strzelecki Ranges in the south of the shire. The widespread fires of 1898 burnt out much of the ranges and ringed Yarram. In 1900 the township of Carrajung was partially destroyed by fire and over the years numerous bushfires in the hills have burned homes, halls, farms and forest. Many dugouts or safety tunnels were constructed to attempt to save human lives. Yarram was again threatened when the disastrous 1944 fires spread south over the ranges to Mack’s Creek and Won Wron.164 Even today, with modern fire fighting techniques, bushfires have devastating consquences. A huge fire north of Licola in 1998 burnt for weeks and was so severe that the soil was damaged, closing the area to grazing. The regularity of bushfires led to plans for local bush fire brigades and by the 1940s many of these volunteer organisations were being formed. The importance of fire protection is reflected by the fact that, even in districts which have lost most other services, the CFA shed is prominent and well maintained.

Floods Wellington Shire is drained by several major rivers, so floods are a regular occurrence. The Avon, Macalister, Thomson and Latrobe Rivers have wide flood plains which are often inundated. Contemporary accounts describe frequent flooding on these and the many smaller rivers and creeks of the region. The Albert and Tarra Rivers often flooded, sometimes joining and sweeping across the Alberton area and flooding Yarram. Merriman’s Creek also flooded at

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Seaspray and, as at Port Albert, the flood levels were sometimes compounded by high tides. The damage from floods was devastating, with bridges washed away, roads extensively damaged, stock and property lost, as well as the damage to soil and pastures and to the river bed and banks. The most extensive floods during the twentieth century occurred in 1916, 1934, 1952, 1971 and 1990. Sale was cut off during the 1934 floods, with the highway impassable, train services suspended and telegraph and telephone communication cut. The Latrobe River was up to a mile wide and the river level at the Swing Bridge was the highest ever recorded. In 1952, during widespread floods, the Thomson River broke out of its banks at Cowwarr, cutting a breakaway which became the new course of the river. The Avon River has suffered many floods but in 1971 the river almost reached road level on the Princes Highway bridge. In 1990, major flooding on the Thomson and Avon Rivers caused massive damage to farmland and property. The highways were closed and Sale and Stratford were isolated.

In 1990, a severe flood inundated farmland along the Avon River. (Courtesy Gippsland Times, Centre for Gippsland Studies)

6.4 Introduced Species In the northern parts of the shire, it is a common sight to see creeks and waterways choked with blackberries. In places, St Johns wort is rampant and ragwort has spread throughout the Strzeleckis. Shire residents have been battling these and other introduced species that have colonised the shire. By the late 1890s, rabbits were sighted at Grant, and quickly invaded the shire, crushing the hopes of some local residents who believed that the rabbits would not be able to cross the mountains. The damage was overwhelming. Rabbit suppression leagues were formed and farmers began devoting significant slabs of their time to eradication. ‘Shear in spring, dip in summer and chase rabbits for the rest of the year’, recalled a Stratford grazier.165 The farmers set traps and bait, dug out warrens and fumigated burrows, but no significant headway was achieved until the spread of myxomatosis from 1950.166 Rabbits contributed to the severe erosion problems that were being experienced in parts of the shire.

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 35 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY 7. BUILDING SETTLEMENTS AND TOWNS Towns within the shire have had diverse beginnings and functions and this is evident in the buildings and sites that make the towns distinctive. Boisdale’s origins as an estate village with its line of cottages are different from Newry’s or Briagolong’s selection origins. Port Albert’s early importance as a colonial port and administrative centre is still evident in surviving buildings. Sale, the self-proclaimed capital of Gippsland that later experienced an oil boom, retains its grand administrative buildings, regional schools and innovative landscaping and town planning that was imposed on the original grid. Rosedale’s hotels proclaim its importance on the coaching route, and Seaspray’s cottages document a long history as a holiday destination. Heyfield’s streets of timber workers’ houses are evidence of the postwar timber industry. While this section provides a brief overview of the origins and developments of towns in the shire, more detailed histories can be found in the appendix.

7.1 Ports Rough terrain and swamps made overland travel to Melbourne impractical, so a port developed on Corner Inlet to serve the early pastoralists. The first townships, Alberton and Tarraville, were overshadowed by Port Albert which thrived as the shipping trade grew. However, the importance of the port declined with competition from lakes navigation and the overland route. A fishing industry sustained the port and recreational boating now also uses the port facilities. Sale benefited from the opening of the lakes to shipping. The wharf was on the Latrobe River, some distance from Sale, but from the 1880s the construction of a swing bridge and a canal and swinging basin brought the port to the edge of the town.

7.2 Service Centres By the 1870s Sale emerged as the regional centre of the area encompassed by Wellington Shire. Its growth was aided by its location on the overland route to Melbourne as well as its position as port and railhead. The town has hospital and medical services, courthouse, secondary and tertiary education institutions, government offices, secondary industries, and commercial and retail businesses which serve the whole region as well as the immediate area. Several other towns function as smaller service centres. Yarram developed as the municipal and service centre for the southern part of the shire, with a hospital and medical services, schools, administrative and commercial services. Maffra was also a municipal centre with a hospital and medical services, schools, and businesses serving the surrounding area, and has also emerged as a major dairy manufacturing area. Rosedale, also once a municipal centre, has schools, churches and hall but mainly a local shopping function, as does Stratford.

7.3 Small Farming Centres Throughout the shire, there are many smaller towns serving the surrounding farming district. In the early days, many of these townships had a school, churches, a hall, hotels and general stores. Some, such as Briagolong, Tinamba and Woodside, have retained most of these facilities while others, such as Clydebank and Willung, have gradually lost these services and function mainly as a social centre. In the eastern Strzelecki Ranges there were many small farming communities, such as Blackwarry, Balook and Hiawatha, which have almost disappeared as the farms were abandoned.

7.4 Tourist Towns The Ninety Mile Beach, with its spectacular stretches of sandy beach, attracted visitors at Prospect Reserve as early as the 1860s. Eventually renamed Seaspray, the town is still predominantly a holiday resort with a large influx of visitors during the summer months.

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Woodside Beach, Reeve’s Beach and McLoughlin’s Beach were also visited by picnickers from the early days, while Mann’s Beach, Robertson’s Beach and Port Albert were popular for boating and fishing. From the 1950s, many holiday homes were built at these beaches, as well as in new estates at Golden Beach and Paradise Beach. The township of Loch Sport, on Lake Victoria, was also begun at this time and by the 1990s the town had nearly two thousand holiday homes.

7.5 Gold Towns Many small settlements were established on the Crooked River, Upper Dargo River and tributaries for the purpose of mining gold. Grant was a substantial town during its heyday of the 1860s and 1870s, but most of the townships were small, shortlived and in isolated locations and, along with Grant, have disappeared almost without trace. Dargo developed as a supply town for the goldfields, but has survived because it had surrounding agricultural land and was not dependent on mining.

7.6 Timber Towns Small sawmills utilised the forest resources of the shire from the early days of settlement. During the 1950s, mountain ash was extracted from the Great Dividing Range in the north of the shire, supplying seven sawmills in Heyfield and one in Licola and Dargo. This expansion stimulated significant growth of the towns, and Heyfield is still largely dependent on the saw milling industry.

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8.1 Development of Local Government District Road Boards were formed to take control of local roads and bridges, funded by government grants and supplemented by rates charged on residents. These road boards were the forerunners of the later shires.

Shire of Alberton The first shire established in Gippsland was Alberton where a District Road Board was formed in 1855. By 1858, the Board had overseen the clearing of 40 kilometres of road, had cut drains, made roads and built a number of roads and bridges. Tollgates were erected at Tarraville and Palmerston.167 Alberton Shire was proclaimed in 1864. The townships of Port Albert, Tarraville and Alberton were located near the coast, when the district was the port for Gippsland. At first, the Shire Council met at Tarraville, and then at Alberton. Shire offices were to be built at Alberton but the influence of the port had waned and in 1897 the Shire decided to move its headquarters to Yarram. Yarram had become the provincial centre, servicing an extensive dairying and grazing district. There were many small townships and farming districts in the shire. A number of small communities were established in the steep hill country but by the 1930s most of these farms were abandoned and later reforested. In 1894, the western portion of the shire was severed to form the Shire of South Gippsland, and in 1914 an area in the north was annexed to Rosedale Shire. The modern shire stretched from Monkey Creek and the ridge of the Strzelecki Ranges in the north to the coast in the south.

Shire of Rosedale Rosedale was proclaimed a Road District in 1869 and a Shire in 1871. The town of Rosedale was the administrative centre for this large shire which extended from the Ninety Mile Beach in the south-east to the Thomson River in the north-west. In 1914, part of Alberton Shire was annexed. Shire Offices were built in 1873, and new offices in 1969. The shire was predominantly rural, with small townships such as Glengarry, Cowwarr and Toongabbie, serving surrounding farming districts or, in recent years, providing rural living for people employed in business or industry in the Latrobe Valley or Sale. Coastal townships, especially Loch Sport and Seaspray, developed in recent years, with permanent populations of retired people as well as seasonal holiday makers. The gas processing and crude oil stabilisation plant at Longford, associated with offshore oil wells, was located in the shire.

Shire of Avon Avon District Road Board was formed in 1864 and proclaimed a Shire in 1865 with Stratford as the administrative centre. By the 1870s, Maffra and district had prospered and councillors exerted pressure to move the seat of government to Maffra. This was achieved briefly from 1873 to 1874, but in 1875 Maffra formed its own shire. There were other changes to the boundaries over the years. Dargo district joined the shire in 1885, portions were annexed from Bairnsdale Shire in 1914 and 1964, and from Maffra Shire in 1917, and an area was severed to City of Sale in 1966 and 1967. The shire stretched from the Great Dividing Range in the north to the Gippsland Lakes in the south. The northern part of the shire, mountainous and forested, was the scene of many gold rushes in the early days of settlement. Later, farming was pursued along the river valleys. The plains in the south supported beef cattle and sheep grazing and some dairying. Stratford, the only significant town, remained the centre of local government.

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Shire of Maffra At first, the Maffra district was part of Avon Shire but, as the town grew in size and importance, a growing movement wanted Maffra as the administrative centre of the shire. This dissatisfaction culminated in the creation of Maffra Shire in 1875. The town of Maffra was the administrative, commercial and social centre of an agricultural and pastoral district. Dairying was widespread in the shire, facilitated by water for irrigation supplied from Glenmaggie Reservoir on the Macalister River. In the early twentieth century, the growing of beet sugar was important, with a processing factory at Maffra. Small townships developed at Briagolong, Boisdale, Newry and Tinamba, while Heyfield grew substantially from the 1950s as the centre of a saw milling industry. Coongulla, on the shore of Lake Glenmaggie, grew from a subdivision for holiday homes in the late 1950s.

City of Sale The city of Sale was becoming the regional centre of north Gippsland when it was declared a Borough in 1863. The municipality was small, bounded by Flooding Creek on the south and west, by Dawson Street on the north and by Platt Street on the east. In 1873, it was enlarged to include the land between Flooding Creek and the Thomson River and in the 1970s the township of Wurruk was annexed from Rosedale Shire. Sale was proclaimed a Town in 1924 and a City in 1950.

Wellington Shire Wellington Shire was created by the amalgamation of the former Shires of Alberton, Avon and Maffra, the former City of Sale, most of the former Shire of Rosedale, as well as an area near Dargo which was formerly part of Bairnsdale Shire. The new shire is named after Lake Wellington which forms part of its boundary, and Mount Wellington. It covers an area of 10,560 square kilometres and in 1996 had a population of 44,200. The administrative centre is at Sale. Buildings of historical importance to local government exist within the shire. Included among them are the first shire offices at Sale that now house a museum. An early Avon Shire office can still be seen in Stratford, while those completed in 1885 are now part of the Court Theatre complex. Records from the former Shires of Avon, Alberton, Maffra and Rosedale and the City of Sale are held at the Wellington Shire Archive. The Archive is housed in the former Alberton Shire Offices at Yarram and includes most of the rate books and council minute books, as well as some memorabilia from the former shires. Details of its holdings are listed on the Wellington Shire History Database.

8.2 Aboriginal Administration and Ramahyuck Mission Station As a result of the pastoral invasion, the Aboriginal population declined dramatically in Gippsland. In 1859, a Select Committee investigating the conditions of Aborigines in Victoria recommended that a series of reserves administered by the churches be established. The task of establishing a Presbyterian mission was given to the Reverend F.A. Hagenauer, a Moravian missionary already working on the Ebenezer Mission in the Wimmera. Hagenauer came to Gippsland in 1862, and made contact with Aborigines who expressed a wish to settle near Maffra. Locals objected to prime agricultural land being used as a mission station, and the land was thrown open for selection instead. At an isolated site and on more marginal land, 2,300 acres were excised from the original Strathfieldsaye run on the banks of the Avon, close to its meeting with the Perry River to form the Ramahyuck mission station. As administrator of Ramahyuck (a combination of the scriptural name Ramah and Aboriginal word meaning our home), Hagenauer instilled means of control, insisted on residence at Ramahyuck and discouraged the practice of traditional lifestyles and retaining the language. The children were placed in a boarding house near the school, rather than living in the cottages

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 39 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY with their parents. The mission station developed an orderly appearance, laid out on three sides of a quadrangle and dominated by the large mission house built in a commanding position overlooking the reserve. Ramahyuck was under-funded and Hagenauer had to use all his entrepreneurial skills to supplement its income. The mission station became a tourist attraction for the excursion parties that travelled on the Lakes.

Ramahyuck Mission Station and its residents (Carlyon Collection, Centre for Gippsland Studies) The stability that Hagenauer had achieved in two decades of control was shattered by the legislation of 1886, the Half Caste Act that forced half caste Aborigines to leave the station and earn their own living. The irony of the legislation was that a group of people who had been forcibly isolated from the white community to live an ordered life on the mission station would be thrust back into the white community without any of the skills necessary for survival. With the onset of the 1890s depression, their situation was very difficult. As early as 1891, the Presbyterian Church decided to close the mission, but it was not until 1908 that action was taken. Ramahyuck was closed and the remaining residents were forced to relocate to Lake Tyers.168 The cemetery at Ramahyuck is a site of great significance. At least 80 Kooris are buried there. A photograph taken in 1906 shows the many wooden crosses marking the graves, but these have since rotted away. Only one Koori grave has a headstone, that of Nathaniel Pepper who died in 1877 of consumption. For many years, the cemetery was incorporated into farming land, and became neglected. In the 1970s, Koori historian, Phillip Pepper, began the successful campaign to preserve the cemetery. This important site has now been fenced, restoration work has been undertaken, and access has been improved.169 The Ramahyuck Aboriginal Cooperative in Foster Street Sale continues as a cultural centre and support for Wellington Shire Kooris.

8.3 Public Buildings and Public Works Public buildings and structures have had an impact on the Wellington Shire landscape. They illustrate government decisions and policies, the impact of Public Works Department (PWD) designs on a regional area and show how streetscapes evolve. They document government and administrative history within the shire, and they show the fusing between public buildings and community identity.170

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An early priority for the colonial government was to instil law and order in the newly settled territories. This included building gaols and courthouses. The Sale Gaol, built in 1887, replaced an earlier structure in the town. Its design reflects the attitudes to imprisonment and punishment that were current at the time. The two courthouses that were built in Sale bear the imprint of Public Works Department designs. The earlier courthouse, designed by J.J. Clark in 1863, was typical of many courthouses around the state. The second and larger courthouse, designed in 1889, illustrates changing PWD designs and the end of the moderating influence of former inspector general William Wardell.171 Its façade boasted pilasters and a frieze. Standing side by side, the two buildings document the impact of the Public Works Department on our streetscapes and also Sale’s development as a prosperous regional centre by the end of the 1880s. Surviving courthouses in other towns in the shire are also prominent buildings in the streetscape. At Stratford, the courthouse was built as part of a complex that included local government offices. The Yarram courthouse, opened in 1908, is a striking building based on a design for the Heidelberg courthouse.172 With the closing of many courthouses, these buildings also provide a commentary on the changing court system and the quest to find new uses for buildings so that they remain an integral part of the streetscape. The courthouse at Maffra is now a visitor information centre, while the Stratford Courthouse has become a theatre. The Public Works Department was also called on to provide solutions to problems posed by Gippsland’s environment and developing economy. Among their solutions was the building of the Sale Canal to bring boats right up to Sale instead of terminating their voyages at the Latrobe wharf. Although not meeting economic expectations as it was superseded by rail transport, the canal was a major engineering project, and is a feature of Sale today, with its swinging basin and jetties. The plan to build a canal led to the designing of the Sale Swing Bridge over the Latrobe to deal with competing needs for road and water travel. Discussed here are some grand public buildings and works that are prominent in the shire. The Public Works Department was responsible for designing many other more modest buildings, including residences and schools. In rural areas, standard school designs were built throughout the shire. The Won Wron School that was built in 1915 was a Type G structure and identical to many built in Victoria.173 It replaced a long serving school that had incorporated a schoolroom, teacher’s residence and post office. Standard designs like the Won Wron School took on an identity of their own as they became the centre of community activities. The teacher’s residence at Boisdale, built to accommodate the teacher at the Boisdale School, was also a standard PWD design. Now sold and modified, it still stands in its original location next to the former school site in the main street of Boisdale.

8.4 Education Throughout the shire, the many school buildings document the history of the provision of education in the region. This includes the struggle for selectors and gold miners in isolated areas of the shire to have their children educated or the efforts for parents to give their children access to a sectarian education. It includes the struggle experienced by the population of a rural shire to have access to primary, secondary and tertiary education. As well as the buildings themselves, the sites where schools once existed are significant places. These sites reflect changing education policies and better access to transport, but they are also a reminder of the long commitment to keep schools open in rural districts. This theme continues through to the 1990s, with the protracted campaign of the Munro parents to save their school in the face of massive government orchestrated school closures. Each school has social value for its community and it is only possible to mention a few examples here and their significance. Set high on a site overlooking the irrigated river flats between the Avon and the Macalister rivers is the Boisdale Consolidated School, celebrating 50 years of education in 2001. In 1951, seven rural schools amalgamated to form a consolidated school that would provide an expanded curriculum and greater opportunities than would be available to children in a one teacher school. The rural schools that agreed to amalgamate

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 41 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY included schools that had been operating since selectors lobbied to educate their children in the 1870s, as well as schools that had been established as the result of settlement schemes such as the Boisdale Estate and Llowalong schools. When the new school was built in 1951, some of the original buildings were moved there with their former pupils and still stand on the site. The Boisdale State School was relocated there, as was the Llowalong School, which has been converted to a language classroom. The Tinamba School was also moved to the new consolidated school. The Newry School went further afield in the shire and is now part of the Sale Primary School. In the grounds of the Boisdale Consolidated School is the gazebo that was moved from the Boisdale School. As part of the fiftieth birthday celebrations, the sites of all the former schools have been marked.174

Won Wron School, 1901 (Centre for Gippsland Studies) The beginnings of secondary education spring from the mechanics’ institute movement. A School of Design was established at Sale in 1885, eventually becoming Sale Technical School. An agricultural high school, the first in Gippsland, began at Sale in 1907. Catholic schools in the shire are significant for their social value and historic and architectural values. Built on a prominent site in Sale, Our Lady of Sion, now the junior campus of Sale Catholic College, reflects the transplantation of French culture to Gippsland. The school was established by a French order of nuns who came to Gippsland in 1890 to provide girls with a catholic education. In Cowwarr, the former convent remains to mark the site of a Catholic school in a small community.

8.5 Mechanics Institutes The mechanics institute movement originated from a series of lectures delivered by Dr Birkbeck in Glasgow to tradesmen, artisans and factory workers – or ‘mechanics’ as people who worked with machines were known – and it aimed to educate and spread industrial and technical knowledge. The movement became widespread in Victoria in the wake of the gold rushes. Land was reserved for mechanics institutes and residents in developing towns considered that building a mechanics institute was an early priority. Committees were formed in the new communities to build a mechanics institute that would serve as a meeting place, house a library and be a venue for lectures. Many mechanics institutes survive in the shire. Some are the original buildings while others have been replaced by newer structures. They are important buildings for their social value. Besides the lectures that were held and the libraries that operated from the mechanics, the

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institutes became venues for public meetings, wedding celebrations, farewells and welcome homes to local soldiers. Deb balls were annual events, as were community Christmas celebrations. Throughout the shire, residents can remember the nervous thrill of standing on the stage, waiting for the curtains to open and reveal to the audience the Sunday school nativity tableau, the annual school concert, or the set of the latest production from the dramatic society. It all happens at the mechanics institute. One of the earliest mechanics institute buildings in the shire is the Rosedale mechanics institute, a brick structure that opened in 1874. The distinctive two storey additions that now face the Princes Highway were added in 1885. The Rosedale Library is now housed there. The Briagolong mechanics institute also opened in 1874. Beginning as a modest two-roomed building that functioned as a hall and a library, it has now been greatly extended to fulfil changing community needs and preoccupations. Importantly, the library collection still survives. At Newry, the original mechanics institute and a newer hall stand side by side. The Stratford mechanics institute is still popularly called ‘the mechanics’, and continues to function as the town’s hall. The Glenmaggie mechanics institute was moved to higher ground and survived the town’s drowning when the Glenmaggie Weir was built. It is an important reminder of the little town that once served its farming community. When their mechanics institutes were burnt at Binginwarri and Gormandale, the residents rallied and built new ones. At Maffra, the mechanics institute building has been incorporated into the town’s library. The Sale mechanics institute, a two storey building dating from 1891, has had a long association with education, first accommodating the Sale School of Mines, Art and Technology, and later becoming part of the Sale Technical School, and is now amalgamated with Sale High School to form the Sale College.

Group Dancing outside the Glenmaggie Mechanics Institute (Con Gleeson Collection, Centre for Gippsland Studies)

8.6 Health and Medical Services In 1989, the Gippsland Base Hospital, distinctive for its turrets and domed roofline, was demolished after 125 years of serving not just Sale but a much wider community. It was the only major hospital in Gippsland until the Bairnsdale hospital was built in 1888.175 The new hospital operates on the same site, and still fulfils a regional function. The nurses’ home is an important building to remain from the earlier hospital complex and documents the hospital’s regional function as a training centre.

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 43 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY Hospitals were established in other towns within the shire, among them private hospitals and bush nursing hospitals. The Heyfield Hospital, which began as a private hospital, mostly for midwifery cases, was established by Sister Hilda Gell in 1924. This building still stands. The hospital eventually became a bush nursing hospital for the town in a more central location. Yarram’s hospital was officially opened in 1914, but patients were not admitted until 1917.176 The original building has been greatly expanded and reflects changing medical and health services. The Maffra and District Hospital also incorporates the original building in which it opened. The community health centre is located there. Bush nurses were early providers of medical services in more remote parts of the shire. They were appointed to isolated hill communities in the Strzeleckis, such as Madalya, although the communities had a struggle to provide funding and accommodation. Dargo received its first bush nurse in 1912, when Nurse Brown was appointed. The Dargo Bush Nursing Centre has remained a vital institution in the town, servicing a wide area. The staff attend accidents and emergencies, as well as holding clinics and providing a district nursing service.177

8.7 War and Defence With a coastline stretching from Corner Inlet to the Gippsland Lakes, Wellington Shire incorporates a large section of the Gippsland coast and has played a major role in the defence of the country, especially during World War Two. Enemy mines were laid in Bass Strait and enemy submarines also penetrated. In 1941, Port Albert was designated a coastal port where an invasion might land.178 Air observation posts were set up throughout the shire with volunteers scanning the skies. Trenches were dug around schools in case of air raids. In 1941, a bombing and gunnery school was established at Fulham or West Sale, to train pilots, air observers and wireless air gunners. In 1942, work started on another RAAF base, this time at East Sale where runways were constructed. Up to 1000 people were transferred to Sale as a result of this base.179 As well, searchlight squadrons were stationed in the Stratford district to complete training before being sent to New Guinea. The groups trained on planes sent from the East Sale aerodrome.180 For the air crews that were stationed at the Sale bases, crashes were frequent. The Sale Cemetery has a war cemetery section where 56 RAAF personnel are buried. After the war ended, the East Sale RAAF Base became a permanent fixture. This has led to a special relationship between the city of Sale and the RAAF.

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9. DEVELOPING CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS AND WAY OF LIFE After burying a friend in a lonely grave on the banks of the Latrobe River in 1846, Gippsland squatter Henry Meyrick reflected bitterly that there were no cultural institutions in Gippsland. ‘Government looks upon a jail as the first thing necessary in a new settlement’, he wrote to his mother.181 It was up to the settlers to develop the cultural institutions that reflected their way of life.

9.1 Religion In many towns throughout the shire, churches occupy prominent sites, documenting their importance to the society that built them. Complexes consisting of churches, halls, residences and schools have evolved. As well as community centres and places where people have performed some of their most important ceremonies, they contain memorials to local people through stained glass windows, monuments and plaques. The first church services took place in huts and barns as travelling parsons journeyed through Gippsland. The Reverend E.G. Pryce, based in Cooma, made two sweeping journeys into Gippsland from the Monaro in the 1840s, conducting marriages and baptisms as he went. He was welcomed by all denominations.182 When Bishop Perry, the Anglican bishop of Melbourne, visited Gippsland in 1847, he chose a site for a church at Tarraville. The church, designed by J.H.W. Pettit and surveyor George Hastings, was opened in 1856. It was built of Tasmanian hardwood.183 Still standing near the Tarra River, it is an evocative reminder of the early settlement period when settlers began transplanting the institutions that they knew from Britain, and replicating the architecture. With selection leading to many new settlements, reserves for churches were gazetted. St Marks was an early building in Rosedale, erected in 1867. At Maffra, the first Catholic Church was built in 1871. Reflecting the town’s growth as a dairy manufacturing centre, it was replaced by a larger church in the 1920s. The original church is now used as a hall. An imposing two-storey presbytery was built in 1916. The Maffra Anglican church, St John the Evangelist, is also the second church built on the site. Like many other churches, it contains memorials to local citizens. The lych gate at its entry was built in 1929 as a memorial to a local philanthropist, Rebecca Mills. A stained glass window in the church is a memorial to artist and VAD Louie Riggall who died in 1918 while on active service in France. Sale developed as the diocesan centre for both the Anglican and Catholic churches. As well as the churches having cathedral status, bishops’ residences and church schools were built. A significant historic precinct has developed around the Catholic Church’s buildings, consisting of the recently extended St Mary’s Cathedral, the bishop’s residence, presbytery, St Mary’s Primary School and the former St Patricks College, now Sale Catholic College. The Church of England established a theological training college in 1913. Known as the divinity hostel, this building is now part of the St Anne’s and Gippsland Grammar Junior School.

9.2 Memorials Memorials are significant for documenting on the landscape what people consider to be significant and what should be remembered. The war memorials that are spread throughout the shire show the impact that the two world wars have had on so many communities and families in the shire. The Rosedale cenotaph illustrates this. Among the names listed are those of James Wilfred Harrap and Ernest Merton Harrap, brothers from Willung who were killed on the same day at the battle for Polygon Wood near Ypres in 1917.184 Listed on the Briagolong war memorial are the names of six

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 45 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY Whitelaw brothers. Three were killed on active service and one died later from wounds he received. There are also remnants of avenues of honour. The pine trees at Stratford lining the route of the former highway were planted as a memorial to soldiers who served in the First World War. Among the many other memorials in the shire are those to pioneers. The cairns erected to Angus McMillan and Paul Strzelecki in 1927 follow their routes through the shire and were part of an orchestrated campaign of the Victorian Historical Memorials Committee to infuse a sense of history into a landscape that had no ancient monuments. The struggle for isolated areas to get road access is remembered by a cairn dedicated to the Country Roads Board, erected in 1935 at the intersection of the Binginwarri and Hiawatha roads. Transforming a landscape from dryland grazing to irrigated pasture is symbolised by a dethridge wheel mounted on a cairn on the Nambrok Denison estate. A memorial is planned at site of the West Sale Holding Centre to commemorate the migrants who came to settle in postwar Australia. Bronze plaques, designed by Sale artist Annemieke Mein and on display in Sale, document the contributions of several famous Gippslanders, including singer Ada Crossley and writer Mary Grant Bruce.

9.3 Cemeteries The cemeteries throughout the shire record how people lived and died, and document how they have been remembered over the decades. There are lone graves in the shire where people have been buried along creeks, in forests, near goldfields or on roadsides.185 Among them are the graves of Henry Meyrick, who had bitterly resented the absence of cemeteries when he buried his friend on the banks of the Latrobe, and of Mrs Desailly, both of whom died in 1847 and were buried on the Fulham Park squatting run. The Alberton cemetery is perhaps the oldest cemetery still operating in the shire. The registers date from 1849.186 Other cemeteries in the shire began as private cemeteries. Greenmount Catholic Cemetery near Yarram was established after Edmund Buckley left four acres in his will in 1857 for a catholic cemetery to be established. A cemetery trust was formed in 1983 to restore and administer the cemetery after it had fallen into disuse.187 At isolated Wonnangatta station is a family graveyard where Ellen Smith and her twin daughters are buried. In 1873, without access to medical help, Ellen Smith died in childbirth, and the babies did not survive. Cemeteries are also commentaries on their localities, such as the Talbotville cemetery, where people associated with the isolated Crooked River gold mining community are buried. At the Carrajung cemetery, set high in the Strzeleckis, all that remains are the iron railings surrounding the grave of a settler who died in 1907. At least eight people are known to be buried there.188 To understand the extent of the Ramahyuck cemetery, it is necessary to consult H.B. Hammond’s photograph taken in 1906 that shows the wooden crosses of Aboriginal graves. At least 80 Kooris and 16 non-Kooris are buried in this cemetery, but none of the wooden crosses have survived. Only headstones to Nathaniel Pepper, Elizabeth and Christian Baum and Henry Hartwich and his two young sons remain. This evocative site has been restored.189 The Sale cemetery provides an insight to a regional centre. The cemetery was gazetted in 1857 and records date from 1861, but the first marked grave dates from 1855.190 Many of the early Gippsland squatters are buried there. There are also early wooden headstones, Chinese graves, headstones with inscriptions in Gaelic and a war cemetery where 56 RAAF personnel are buried.

9.4 Forming Associations, Recreation Right from 1842, the time of the earliest ‘organised’ horse race in the shire, residents have formed all manner of political and social organisations to improve cultural and sporting

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facilities within the shire. There are RSL halls throughout the shire, scout and guide halls and CWA rooms. From the Caledonian and Hibernian societies that organised sporting days, there are now extensive sporting complexes where local children perform their rites of passage, playing first for the juniors and then representing their district by playing in the seniors of their chosen sport. There are places of special significance to the community, such as the Knob at Stratford, where everyone gathered for a picnic on New Years Day. There are buildings like the Regent Theatre Yarram that still capture the atmosphere of a picture palace - when an important form of entertainment was regular attendance at the pictures. The first horse race was held in Wellington Shire as early as 1842 when a challenge had been organised between two well known horses. Their owners, Pearson and McMillan, were also well known. The venue was Green Wattle Hill, near Flooding Creek. A site that had been surveyed as a ‘place of public recreation and amusement’ became the permanent site for a racecourse at Sale.191 The Sale Turf Club was formed in 1860 and emerged as one of the major racing clubs in Gippsland. Other racing clubs formed throughout the shire. Port Albert had an early race course, but organisers found it difficult to maintain. Often, the race courses were farmers’ paddocks. Picnic race meetings were popular events on the local calendar. There were more permanent courses such as that at Heyfield. John Mills of Powerscourt had a race course on his property, consisting of a clear, level area, with a hill that provided a view over the proceedings. This area can still be viewed from the Maffra Sale Road. Agricultural societies were also early organisations in the shire. The North Gippsland Agricultural Pastoral Horticultural Society – which eventually became known as the Sale and District Agricultural Society - had its first meeting in 1859. The showgrounds that have been built by agricultural societies throughout the shire have become important venues for agricultural, sporting and recreational activities.

9.5 Writers and Artists ‘How Do I Like a Bush Life?’ poet Caroline Dexter mused after moving into a bark hut near Stratford in 1856: Well, it is Sunday! and – No church-bells remind us of the Sabbath today, No tiny feet trip along the pavement to pray. No priest, save our hearts, no raised temple, nor spire, No altar – save Nature in gorgeous attire. Dexter was one of the earliest writers to reflect on life in Wellington Shire.192 Writer, poet and feminist Mary Fullerton grew up on a selection near Glenmaggie several decades later. Among her writing is a memoir of her childhood, Bark House Days, first published in 1921, and which remains an evocative book about life on a selection in Gippsland. The site of the bark house where the Fullerton family lived is still known by descendants.193 One of Australia’s most famous children’s authors, Mary Grant Bruce, grew up in Sale. Well known for her Billabong series - novels about a grazing property in Victoria and revolving around the activities of the Linton family - she also wrote novels set in specific parts of Gippsland such as the Gippsland Lakes and the Strzeleckis. She was an influential journalist as well. In her novels, Bruce wrote about the effect of the environment on people and also promoted imperialist causes. The home where she spent her childhood years still exists on the outskirts of Sale.194 Artist Eugen von Guerard was drawn by the rugged beauty of what has become the northern part of Wellington Shire. In 1860, he joined A.W. Howitt’s expedition into the mountains to look for gold. Von Guerard made sketches of some of the properties where he stayed, before heading into the mountains. He completed paintings from these sketches in 1861: ‘Mr John

Context Pty Ltd & Centre for Gippsland Studies 47 WELLINGTON SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY – THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY King’s Station’ and ‘The Panoramic View of Mr Angus McMillan’s Station, Bushy Park, Gippsland’. The paintings he completed from his expedition into the mountains show steep peaks, and Aborigines camped near a stream in the majestic country. Von Guerard’s paintings of Gippsland are held in major collections in Australia. Nicholas Chevalier also visited Wellington Shire during a Gippsland excursion in 1860 and produced a series of chromolithographs that were enthusiastically received. Among them was ‘ View of the Dargo Valley’ which, like von Guerard’s ‘Snowy Bluff From Wonnangatta’, placed people in the wilderness.195 These early painters painted their impressions of the rugged Gippsland environment. Contemporary artists living in the shire today are now influenced by environmental issues. Among the artists who were raised in the shire was Louie Riggall, born in 1868, who grew up in Glenmaggie and Tinamba. She studied in Sale with Arthur Woodward, and later studied in Paris. She had a studio in Melbourne before serving as a VAD during the First World War. She died while she was stationed at Rouen. Besides the paintings that Riggall has left, including ‘Haymaking at Byron Lodge’, there are two memorials to her in Maffra: a stained glass window at St Johns Church and a glass mosaic portrait displayed in the former RSL rooms, now the Maffra Library.196

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ENDNOTES

1 ‘Mr Bass’s Journal in the Whaleboat between 3rd of December 1797 and 25th of Feb. 1798’, Historical Records of New South Wales, vol.3, pp. 312-331. 2 John Adams, From These Beginnings: History of the Shire of Alberton (Victoria), Alberton Shire Council, Yarram, Vic, 1990, p. 6. 3 Don Watson, Caledonia Australis: Scottish Highlanders on the Frontier of Australia, Collins, Sydney, 1984, p. 113. 4 P. Strzelecki, Map of Gippsland in 1840, 1840. 5 Charles Daley, The Story of Gippsland, Whitcombe & Tombs, Melbourne, 1960, p.15. 6 Watson, Caledonia Australis, p. 131. 7 Tom Griffiths, Hunters and Collectors: the Antiquarian Imagination in Australia, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, 1996. 8 Charles Daley, ‘Unveiling of Memorials to the Explorers of Gippsland’, Victorian Historical Magazine, vol.11, 1927, pp. 274-9. 9 Watson, Caledonia Australis, p. 135. 10 Pastoral Gippsland in 1857, 1857. 11 Ian D. Lunt, ‘The Extinct Grasslands of the Lowland Gippsland Plains’ Conservation of Lowland Nature Grasslands in South-Eastern Australia, World Wide Fund for Nature, 1993, p. 9. 12 Linden Gillbank, ‘Ferdinand Mueller in Gippsland’, Gippsland Heritage Journal, no. 10, June 1991, p. 8. 13 Linda Barraclough, ‘Tarlton Rayment: Gippsland Naturalist and Author’, Gippsland Heritage Journal, no. 6, June 1989, p. 44. 14 John Nicholls, ‘Two Gippsland Naturalists’, Gippsland Heritage Journal, vol. 1 no. 1, 1986, pp. 35-7. 15 T.S. Townsend, Chart of Port Albert, 1845. 16 Adams, From These Beginnings, p. 10. 17 T.S. Townsend, Map of Gippsland, 1845. 18 Land Conservation Council, Report on the South Gippsland Study Area, District 1, Land Conservation Council, Melbourne, 1972, p. 8. 19 W. Dawson, Plan of Mr H. Buntien’s Pre-emptive Purchase at Bruthen Creek, Gipps Land, 1853. 20 W. Dawson, Survey of Morasses & Creeks Along Part of the La Trobe River; Survey of Part of the Tarra & Albert Rivers, n.d. 21 Jay Arthur, Aboriginal English: a Cultural Study, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1996, pp. 119-120. 22 Meredith Fletcher, Avon to the Alps: a History of the Shire of Avon, Avon Shire Council, Stratford, 1988, p. 2. 23 F.J Meyrick, Life in the Bush: a Memoir of Henry Howard Meyrick (1840-1847), Nelson, London, 1939, p. 137. 24 Ibid. 25 Peter Gardner, Through Foreign Eyes: European Perceptions of the Kurnai Tribe of Gippsland, Centre for Gippsland Studies, Churchill, 1988, p. 41. 26 The Gap, 1925, p. 6. 27 Marion Le Cheminant and Jeremy Hales, ‘The Final Chapter of Life in the Bush: Remembering Henry Meyrick and Catherine Desailly’, Gippsland Heritage Journal, no. 22, 1997, pp. 43-8. 28 Meredith Fletcher, Strathfieldsaye, a History and a Guide, Centre for Gippsland Studies, Churchill, 1992. 29 Adams, From These Beginnings, p. 82. 30 Graeme Butler, Port Albert Conservation Study, 1982, pp. 93-5. 31 J.L. Ross, New Map of Gippsland…Gold Fields, Tracks Etc, 1864. 32 Florence Pearce, St Andrews: Celebrating a Century, Newry, 1987. 33 ‘Park House’, Gippsland Mercury, 28 February 1882. 34 Laurie Manning, Discovering Briagolong, The Author, Briagolong, 1994, pp. 58-9. 35 Miles Selection, CGSP 36 Adams, From These Beginnings, p.100. 37 Ibid. p. 138. 38 See remains of Wonnangatta Map (n.d.) CGSM which shows a network of freehold blocks along the Wonnangatta River. 39 Oral evidence, Arthur Guy. 40 See John Adams, Village Settlements in Victoria in the 1890s with Particular Reference to Gippsland, MA Thesis, Melbourne University 1971; Peter Synan, Gippsland’s Lucky City: a History of Sale, City of Sale, Sale, 1994, pp. 89-92; Don Macreadie, personal comments.

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41 Florence Pearce, Boisdale: From Squatter to Settler, Maffra and District Historical Society, Maffra, 1980, p. 17, see also Wa-de-lock Sheet 2 1907, Centre for Gippsland Studies CGSV 4504 42 Flo Pearce, personal comments. 43 See Fletcher, Avon to the Alps, pp. 79-85 and Adams, From These Beginnings, p. 189. 44 Meredith Fletcher, The Small Farm Ideal: Closer Settlement in the Maffra Sale District, M.A. Thesis, Monash University, 1987, pp. 110-182. 45 Meredith Fletcher, ‘Soldier Settlement at Nambrok Denison’, H.I. Farmer, April 1989, pp. 18-21. 46 Don Macreadie, personal comments. 47 Fletcher, Avon to the Alps, p.125. 48 Linda Barraclough, ‘Welcome Settlers or White Slaves: the Medway Immigrants of 1856’, Gippsland Heritage Journal no. 15, 1993, pp. 18-25. 49 Fletcher, The Small Farm Ideal, pp. 183-236 50 Information from Ann Synan 51 Fletcher, Strathfieldsaye, p. 55. 52 Synan, Gippsland’s Lucky City p. 236. 53 Mewburn Park, Gippsland Mercury, 31 January 1882. 54 Linda Barraclough, ‘The Bush Beyond Burgoynes: High Country Heritage’, in Monash Public History Group, Macalister Landscapes: History and Heritage in Maffra Shire, Kapana Press, Bairnsdale, 1994, pp. 85-96. 55 Ibid., p. 92. 56 Ibid., p. 93. 57 Adams, From These Beginnings, p. 26. 58 Meredith Fletcher, ‘Cheese Factories in the Maffra Sale Area, 1870s-1880s, H.I. Farmer, November 1989, pp. 19-22. 59 Paul Jones, ‘Dairying: the Heart of the Shire’, Macalister Landscapes, p. 67 60 Adams, From These Beginnings, p. 134. 61 Jones, ‘Dairying: the Heart of the Shire’, p. 69. 62 Beet Sugar Factory Maffra, new Sugar Storeroom 1922. Public Works Department plan FaM1, PROV. 63 Personal comments Arthur Guy, see photograph, East Gippsland Historical Society and Meredith Fletcher, Avon to the Alps, pp. 35-7. 64 John Wilkinson, The Mitchell Rive., 1851. 65 Sketch of Ranges Between Omeo and Wood’s Point with Roads Newly Cut by Angus McMillan Esq. 1864. 66 Township of Grant. 1865. 67 Rob Christie, Victoria’s Forgotten Goldfield: a History of the Dargo, Crooked River Goldfield. High Country Publishing, Dargo, 1996, p. 65. 68 Christie, Rob, Dargo, Crooked River: a Pictorial History, Riviera, Sale, Vic, [1984], p. 8. 69 Parks Victoria, Grant Historic Area: Park Notes, 2000. 70 Bert Cliff, ‘Crooked River School No.3606’, Gippsland Heritage Journal, no. 11, Dec. 1991, pp. 18-22. 71 Steve Dingwall, ‘The Freestone Rush’, Gippsland Heritage Journal, no. 8, June 1990, pp. 10-15. 72 Personal comment, Les Hooker, 2001. 73 Victoria. Department of Conservation & Natural Resources, McMillan’s Track 1864, Track Notes, 1995. 74 Personal comment, Les Hooker, 2001. 75 Victoria. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Track 96 Goldfields: a Set of Mud Maps and Track Notes for the Walks North of Briagolong, [2001]. 76 Adams, From These Beginnings, p. 73. 77 Ibid., pp. 211-2. 78 Richard Aitken, ‘Early Briquette Production in Victoria’, Historic Environment, vol. 2 no. 3, p. 23. 79 Adams, From These Beginnings, p. 246. 80 Land Conservation Council, Report on the South Gippsland Study Area, District 2, Land Conservation Council, Melbourne, 1980, p. 304. 81 Manning, Discovering Briagolong, p. 25. 82Synan, Gippsland’s Lucky City, p. 71. 83 Jane Harrington, ‘The Lime Burning Industry in Gippsland’, Gippsland Heritage Journal, no. 17, Dec 1994, pp. 34-5. 84 Don Macreadie, Willung 1844-1980: A History of the Willung District, Willung Back-To Committee, 1980, pp. 38-9. 85 Adams, From These Beginnings, pp. 143, 211. 86 Synan, Gippsland’s Lucky City, p. 184. 87 Macreadie, Willung 1844-1980, p. 39. 88 Harrington, ‘The Lime Burning Industry in Gippsland’, pp. 34-6.

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89 Daley, The Story of Gippsland, p. 147. 90 Adams, From These Beginnings, p. 56. 91 Synan, Gippsland’s Lucky City, p. 246. 92 Manning Discovering Briagolong, pp. 18-19. 93 See photograph by Frederick Cornell c. 1880, View of Forbes’ Saw Mill, copy held at the Centre for Gippsland Studies, AM0009. 94 Manning, Discovering Briagolong, pp. 50-54; Eleanor Bridger, ‘Something to Build On: the Timber Industry’, Macalister Landscapes, pp. 50-51. 95 Bridger, ‘Something to Build On’, p. 55. 96 George Little, There’s the Mill Whistle, Stratford Historical Society, Stratford, 1998. 97 Karen Green and Robyn Janssen, Goodbye Goodwood 1910-1920, Carrajung Lower, 1991. 98 Land Conservation Council, Report on South Gippsland Study Area 2, pp. 296-7. 99 Tom Griffiths, Secrets of the Forest: Discovering Melbourne’s Ash Range, Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1992, pp. 38-9. 100 Duff Sawmill Heritage Trail, a Hancock Victorian Plantation Community Project, Hancock Victorian Plantations Pty Ltd, n.d. 101 W.S. Noble, The Strzeleckis: a New Future for the Heartbreak Hills, Conservation, Forests and Lands, Melbourne, 1986. 102 Ibid. 103 Duff Sawmill Heritage Trail. 104 Tim Lee, Portraits, p. 99. 105 Photograph, courtesy Ian Thomas. 106 Meredith Fletcher, ‘Alpine Forestry: Heyfield, a Case Study’, Babette Scougall (ed).,Cultural Heritage of the Australian Alps Australian Alps Liaison Committee, Canberra 1992, pp. 259-267. 107 See Howell, A New Beginning pp. 88-91for an account of the contraction of logging allocations. 108 Fletcher, Avon to the Alps, p. 129. 109 Fletcher, ‘Alpine Forestry’, p. 267. 110 Coral Dow, ‘The Wattle Bark Industry and the Gippsland Lakes’, Gippsland Heritage Journal, vol. 19, March 1996, p. 10. 111 Jim Pleydell, ‘Wattle Bark Stripping’, Gippsland Heritage Journal, no. 11, Dec. 1991, p. 47. 112 Adams, From These Beginnings, p. 247. 113 Ibid., p. 7. 114 Ibid., p. 14. 115 Ibid., p. 70. 116 Ibid., p. 247. 117 Jack Loney, Ships and Shipwrecks at Port Albert, Marine History Publications, Geelong, Vic, 1984, p. 57. 118 Peter Harvey, Clonmel: Disaster to Discovery, Heritage Council Victoria, 1999, p. 26. 119 Graeme Butler, Port Albert Conservation Study, 1982, pp. 55-76. 120 Synan, Highways of Water, p. 17. 121 Ibid., pp. 13-15. 122 Sale’s Heritage, City of Sale, Sale, Vic, 1994, p. 28. 123 Land Conservation Council, Report on the South Gippsland Study Area , District 1, p. 8. 124 Charles Daley, ‘The Oldest Road in Gippsland’, Victorian Historical Magazine, vol. 6, 1918, p. 171. 125 Daley, ‘The Oldest Road in Gippsland’, p. 175. 126 Synan, Gippsland’s Lucky City, pp. 50-51. 127 Adams, From These Beginnings, pp. 96-7. 128 Ibid., p. 154. 129 Ibid., p. 196. 130 Ibid., p. 216. 131 Ibid., p. 217. 132 Linda Barraclough, A Valley of Glens: the People and Places of the Upper MacalisterRiver, Kapana Press, Bairnsdale, Vic, 1986, pp. 62-72. 133 Adams, From These Beginnings, p. 216. 134 ‘Driving Cobungra Cattle to Market’, Voice of the Mountains, no. 24, 2001, pp. 12-14. 135 Duff Sawmill Heritage Trail. 136 Don Chambers, ‘The Timber Bridges of Gippsland’, Gippsland Heritage Journal, no. 22, Sept 1997, p. 8. 137 Monash Public History Group, Macalister Landscapes: History and Heritage in Maffra Shire, Kapana Press, Bairnsdale, Vic, 1994, p. 95.

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138 See Synan, Gippsland’s Lucky City, pp. 54-7. 139 J. Dodgson Craig, Diary, ‘A Holiday to the Gippsland Lakes, 1890’, MS PA 89/6 Box 3220/2, La Trobe Collection, State Library of Victoria 140 Leanne Fitzgerald (comp), Heyfield 1841-1991: a Pictorial History, The Author, Upper Ferntree Gully, 1991, p. 30. 141 For more details, see Adams, From These Beginnings. 142 Chris Johnston, Latrobe Valley Heritage Study, Latrobe Regional Commission, Traralgon, 1991, p. 31. 143 John Waghorn, ‘The Early Postal Services in Gippsland’, Gippsland Heritage Journal, vol. 2 no. 2, 1987, pp. 27-32. 144 See postcard c.1900, ‘A Bush Post Office in Victoria’, copy held at the Centre for Gippsland Studies, AS0050. 145 Barraclough, A Valley of Glens, pp. 72-3. 146 See photograph by R.F. Courtney, 1941, ‘Black Snake Creek Post Office and Post Master’, copy held at the Centre for Gippsland Studies, AQ0007. 147 Butler, Port Albert Conservation Study, pp. 64-6. 148 Barraclough, A Valley of Glens, p. 25. 149 P.G. Gittins, ‘The ABC in Gippsland’, Gippsland Heritage Journal, no. 18, June 1995, pp. 39-41. 150 Adams, From These Beginnings, p. 253. 151 Jim Sinclair and Carlo di Angelis, ‘The Garden at Eilean Donan’, Gippsland Heritage Journal, no. 13, 1992, p. 53. 152 Department of Conservation and Environment – Victoria, Tarra-Bulga National Park, 1992. 153 Coral Dow, ‘What’s in a Name? The Lakes National Park’, Elery Hamilton-Smith (ed), Celebrating the Parks: Proceedings of the First Symposium on Parks History, Rethink Consulting, Melbourne, 1998, pp. 151-7. 154 Holey Plains State Park Management Plan, Parks Victoria, Melbourne, 1988, p. 2. 155 Cheryl Glowrey, Snake Island and the Cattlemen of the Sea, The Author, Neerim South, 2001. 156 See Synan, Gippsland’s Lucky City and Gary Walsh, ‘The Lingering Death’, Sun, 30 January, 1986. 157 For more information on protective works on the Avon 1930-1970, see Fletcher, Avon to the Alps. 158 ‘Rivers That Leap in the Night Do What Comes Naturally’, Research 89, 1989, p. 48. 159 Fletcher, Avon to the Alps, p. 105. 160 Adams, From These Beginnings, p. 249. 161 Jeremy Hales (ed), Maffra Rural Fire Brigade 1943-1993, Maffra & District Historical Society, Maffra, Vic, 1993, pp. 3-7. 162 Barraclough, A Valley of Glens, pp. 78-81. 163 Fletcher, Avon to the Alps, pp. 112-114. 164 Adams, From These Beginnings, pp. 142-3, 208. 165 Fletcher, Avon to the Alps, p. 73. 166 Susan Priestley, Making Their Mark, Fairfax, Syme & Weldon Associates, Sydney, 1984, p. 312. 167 Adams, From These Beginnings, pp. 62-3. 168 For a fuller account see Fletcher, Avon to the Alps, pp. 43-48. 169 Doris Paton’s article, ‘Witness to the Wooden Crosses at Ramahyuck Cemetery’, Gippsland Heritage Journal no. 17, 1994, pp. 42-46, outlines the campaign to restore the cemetery. 170 See Meredith Fletcher, ‘Public Buildings and Gippsland’, Victoria: Builders and Buildings – Gippsland, Public Record Office Victoria, 1998, pp. 3-6. 171 Ibid. p. 5. 172 Adams, From These Beginnings, p. 167. 173 School no 1957, Won Wron, new building Type G 1914, Public Works Department Plan, SSO 1957, PROV. 174 Helen Montague, Fields of Learning: a History of the Consolidation of Seven Rural Schools, Boisdale Consolidated School, Boisdale, 2001. 175 Ann Andrew and Ann Edwards, Two Turrets and a Dome: a History of Gippsland Base Hospital 1860s to 1980s, Gippsland Base Hospital, Sale, 1992. 176 Peter Stone, Splendid Isolation: a History of the Yarram and District Health Services, Oceans Enterprises, Yarram, [1997]. 177 Fletcher, Avon to the Alps, pp. 39-40, p. 130. 178 Adams, From These Beginnings. p. 239. 179 Peter Synan, Gippsland’s Lucky City, p. 198-9. 180 Fletcher, Avon to the Alps, p. 98. 181 J. Hales and M. Le Cheminant (eds)., The Letters of Henry Howard Meyrick, JRB Publishing, Maffra, 1997, p. 39. 182 ‘The Gipplsand Records of Reverend E.G. Pryce’, Gippsland Heritage Journal, no. 3, 1987, pp. 39-42. 183 Adams, From These Beginnings, p. 53.

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184 Ross Jackson, ‘Two Brothers at War’, Gippsland Heritage Journal, no. 20, 1996, pp. 41-3. 185 J.G. Rogers and Nelly Helyar, Lonely Graves of the Gippsland Goldfields and Greater Gippsland, J.G. Rogers, Moe, 1994. 186 ‘Alberton Cemetery’, Gippsland Heritage Journal no. 1, 1986, pp. 62-3. 187 Greenmount 1841-1984, Greenmount Catholic Cemetery Trust, Yarram, 1984. 188 Rogers and Helyar, Lonely Graves, pp. 49-50. 189 Paton, ‘Witness to the Wooden Crosses at Ramahyuck Cemetery’. 190 Glenys Wain, Kylie Rhodes, Linda Barraclough, Monumental Memories: Sale Cemetery, Kapana Press, Bairnsdale, 1994. 191 Dorothy Morrison, Greenwattle Memories, 1842-1992: a History of the Sale Turf Club, Sale Turf Club, Sale, 1993, p. 11. 192 Quoted in Patrick Morgan, Shadow and Shine: an Anthology of Gippsland Literature, Centre for Gippsland Studies, Churchill, 1988, pp. 38-9. 193 Mary Fullerton, Bark House Days, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1964. 194 See Alison Alexander, Billabong’s Author: the Life of Mary Grant Bruce, Angus and Robinson, London, 1979. Also see Mary Grant Bruce, The Peculiar Honeymoon and Other Writings, McPhee Gribble, Melbourne, 1985. 195 Karen Bensley, ‘Images of Gippsland’, Gippsland Excursions 1846-1979, Latrobe Valley Arts Centre, Morwell, 1992. 196 Juliet Peers, Louie B. Riggall (1868-1918), Latrobe Regional Gallery, Morwell, 1995.

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